ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Xavier Vilalta - Architect and urbanist
Barcelona-based architect Xavier Vilalta works in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. He adopts and updates traditional design principles to construct modern buildings that truly suit their environment.

Why you should listen

Named young architect of the year at the Leaf Awards in 2008, Xavier Vilalta is the founder of XVA, a Barcelona-based design team operating in the fields of architecture, urbanism and research.

The TED Fellow and his team have worked on more than 60 projects, including homes, schools, cultural institutions and commercial buildings everywhere from Africa to the Middle East. Declaring that "we love nature and we care about people," the team's design philosophy is to connect the old and the new, co-opting and updating the best thinking of past traditions to create modern buildings that are both deeply respectful of the past and searingly contemporary.

Recent projects include the Lideta Mercato shopping mall in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and a concept for a series of urban gardens in Qatar.

More profile about the speaker
Xavier Vilalta | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2013

Xavier Vilalta: Architecture at home in its community

澤維爾.維拉塔: 社區中的建築

Filmed:
1,048,889 views

當 TED Fellow 澤維爾.維拉塔被委託在亞的斯亞貝巴建立一個多層購物商場时,他慌了。這個購物中心有這一切他討厭的現代建築的缺點:浪費空間,需要大量能源來維持的玻璃塔,卻和非洲一點關係也沒有。在演講中,維拉塔展示了他的解決之道:利用自然特點,參考傳統設計,創造出一個漂亮、現代、有代表性,也與當地社區貼合的建築。
- Architect and urbanist
Barcelona-based architect Xavier Vilalta works in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. He adopts and updates traditional design principles to construct modern buildings that truly suit their environment. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
My work focuses重點 on the connection連接 of
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我的工作在於
00:15
both thinking思維 about our community社區 life
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把我們的生活
00:18
being存在 part部分 of the environment環境
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與在地環境連結
00:20
where architecture建築 grows成長 from the natural自然
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就如同建築物
00:22
local本地 conditions條件 and traditions傳統.
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總是跟在地風俗民情息息相關
00:25
Today今天 I brought two recent最近 projects項目
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今天我要舉兩個例子
00:28
as an example of this.
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是最近的建築企劃案
00:30
Both projects項目 are in emerging新興 countries國家,
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兩個企畫案都在兩個新興的國家
00:32
one in Ethiopia埃塞俄比亞 and another另一個 one in Tunisia突尼斯.
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一個在衣索匹亞
另一個在突尼西亞
00:35
And also they have in common共同
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這兩個國家有個相同之處
00:37
that the different不同 analyses分析 from different不同 perspectives觀點
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在於其不同的分析與觀點
00:40
becomes an essential必要 part部分 of the final最後 piece of architecture建築.
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皆變成了建築上極為重要的一環
00:44
The first example started開始 with an invitation請帖
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第一個例子
就從接到一個設計案的邀請講起
00:47
to design設計 a multistory多層 shopping購物 mall購物中心
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那是一個設計購物中心的案子
00:49
in Ethiopia's埃塞俄比亞 capital首都 city Addis亞的斯亞貝巴 Ababa貝巴.
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位於阿地斯阿貝巴(衣索匹亞首都)
00:51
And this is the type類型 of building建造
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這個建築物的類型
00:54
we were shown顯示 as an example, to my team球隊 and myself,
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就是我們團隊所收到的範例
00:57
of what we had to design設計.
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要把購物中心設計成這樣
00:59
At first, the first thing I thought was,
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我看到這個的第一個念頭就是
01:01
I want to run away.
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我可以落跑嗎?
01:03
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:05
After seeing眼看 a few少數 of these buildings房屋 --
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在看過幾個像這樣的範例
01:07
there are many許多 in the city --
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這種設計在城裡隨處可見
01:09
we realized實現 that they have three very big points.
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我們知道這些設計都有三個特徵
01:12
First, these buildings房屋, they are almost幾乎 empty
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第一
購物中心內總是很冷清
01:14
because they have very large shops商店
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因為裡面都是非常大的店面
01:16
where people cannot不能 afford給予 to buy購買 things.
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一般民眾買不起裡面的東西
01:19
Second第二, they need tons of energy能源 to perform演出
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第二
裡面需要相當大的電力供應
01:22
because of the skin皮膚 treatment治療 with glass玻璃
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因為玻璃帷幕
01:24
that creates創建 heat in the inside,
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會使內部溫度升高
01:26
and then you need a lot of cooling冷卻.
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因此需要裝設大量空調
01:28
In a city where this shouldn't不能 happen發生
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這不應該發生在這個城市
01:30
because they have really mild溫和 weather天氣
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因為當地的氣候非常涼爽
01:32
that ranges範圍 from 20 to 25 degrees the whole整個 year.
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年均溫只有攝氏20-25度
01:35
And third第三 is that their image圖片 has nothing to do
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第三
這些建築物的外觀設計
01:39
with Africa非洲 and with Ethiopia埃塞俄比亞.
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跟非洲或衣索匹亞都毫無關係
01:41
It is a pity可憐 in a place地點 that has such這樣 rich豐富 culture文化 and traditions傳統.
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這對於一個擁有豐富文化與
傳統的地方來說實在非常可惜
01:46
Also during our first visit訪問 to Ethiopia埃塞俄比亞,
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我們首次造訪衣索匹亞時
01:49
I was really captivated迷住 by the old merkatomerkato
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我對於老莫卡托尤其喜愛
01:51
that is this open-air露天 structure結構體
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那是一個開放式結構
01:54
where thousands數千 of people, they go and buy購買 things
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每天都有幾千人進去
01:55
every一切 day from small vendors供應商.
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跟小攤販買東西
01:58
And also it has this idea理念 of the public上市 space空間
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這就是運用公共場所的想法
02:00
that uses使用 the outdoors在戶外 to create創建 activity活動.
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用開放空間創造商機
02:03
So I thought, this is what I really want to design設計,
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我想這就是我真正想設計的東西
02:07
not a shopping購物 mall購物中心.
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而不是一個購物中心
02:08
But the question was how we could do a multistory多層,
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但問題在於怎麼把這些原則
02:12
contemporary現代的 building建造 with these principles原則.
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運用在一個多樓層的現代建築
02:15
The next下一個 challenge挑戰 was when we looked看著 at the site現場,
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另一個挑戰是
我們去看建築地時
02:17
that is, in a really growing生長 area of the city,
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當然 是在城市裡非常繁榮的地方
02:20
where most of these buildings房屋 that you see in the image圖片,
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大部分建築就跟照片裡一樣
02:22
they were not there.
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不在那邊
02:24
And it's also between之間 two parallel平行 streets街道
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它也在兩條平行路之間
02:26
that don't have any connection連接 for hundreds數以百計 of meters.
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兩條路在幾公里內都無相交
02:29
So the first thing we did was to create創建 a connection連接
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我們第一項要做的事就是讓
02:32
between之間 these two streets街道,
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兩條路有交點
02:34
putting all the entrances入口 of the building建造.
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讓建築物到處都有入口可進出
02:36
And this extends擴展 with an inclined atrium中庭
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使建築有一個傾斜的天井
02:39
that creates創建 an open-air露天 space空間 in the building建造
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就成了一個開放空間
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that self-protects自我保護 itself本身 with its own擁有 shape形狀
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這種造型設計也達到了
02:44
from the sun太陽 and the rain.
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遮陽擋雨的目的
02:46
And around this void空虛
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在此天井周圍
02:47
we placed放置 this idea理念 of the market市場 with small shops商店,
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能設置很多的小攤販
02:51
that change更改 in each floor地板 because of the shape形狀 of the void空虛.
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此造型也讓每層樓都有不同風貌
02:54
I also thought, how to close the building建造?
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我又再想
怎麼關閉這棟建築?
02:57
And I really wanted to find a solution
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我很想找出個方法
02:59
that would respond響應 to the local本地 climate氣候 conditions條件.
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迎合當地的天氣狀況
03:02
And I started開始 thinking思維 about the textile紡織品
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我想到用布料
03:04
like a shell貝殼 made製作 of concrete具體
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在貝殼狀的建築物外
03:06
with perforations穿孔 that would let the air空氣 in,
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穿孔能讓空氣進入
03:10
and also the light, but in a filtered過濾 way.
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陽光也能進入 但不是直射
03:12
And then the inspiration靈感 came來了 from these beautiful美麗
patterns模式 of the Ethiopian埃塞俄比亞 women's女士的 dresses禮服.
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靈感來自於
衣索匹亞婦女服飾上那些漂亮的鈕釦
03:18
That they have fractal分形 geometry幾何 properties性能
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那是一些幾何圖形
03:20
and this helped幫助 me to shape形狀 the whole整個 facade正面.
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幫助我想出了外牆的設計
03:22
And we are building建造 that
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我們只是建造出
03:24
with these small prefabricated預製 pieces
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有一些預製構件的東西
03:26
that are the windows視窗 that let the air空氣 and the light
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就是讓空氣與陽光
03:30
in a controlled受控 way inside the building建造.
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以被控制的方式進入建築
03:32
And this is complemented補充 by these small colored有色 glasses眼鏡
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也補充一些彩色玻璃
03:34
that use the light from the inside of the building建造
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讓建築在晚上藉由內部的亮光
03:37
to light up the building建造 at night.
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讓建築在晚上發亮
03:39
With these ideas思路 it was not easy簡單 first to convince說服 the developers開發商
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這些想法一開始很難說服那些建商
03:44
because they were like,
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因為他們只想說
03:45
"This is not a shopping購物 mall購物中心. We didn't ask for that."
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「這不是購物中心!我們沒要你這樣搞啊!」
03:47
But then we all realized實現 that this idea理念 of the market市場
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但最後我們都了解
03:53
happened發生 to be a lot more profitable有利可圖 than the idea理念 of the shopping購物 mall購物中心
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這類型的市場
比購物中心來得賺錢
03:56
because basically基本上 they had more shops商店 to sell.
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因為這基本上能容納較多的店家
03:59
And also that the idea理念 of the facade正面 was much, much cheaper便宜,
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也因為外牆設計省了非常多的錢
04:03
not only because of the material材料 compared相比 with the glass玻璃,
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不只是因為省去玻璃帷幕的關係
04:05
but also because we didn't need to have air空氣 conditioning空調 anymore.
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也因為裡面完全用不著吹冷氣
04:08
So we created創建 some budget預算 savings
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藉由實行這些方法
04:10
that we used to implement實行 the project項目.
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這就省下了不少預算
04:12
And the first implementation履行 was to think
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第一個成就就是
04:14
about how we could make the building建造 self-sufficient自給 in terms條款 of energy能源
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怎麼讓建築自供電力
04:17
in a city that has electricity電力 cuts削減 almost幾乎 every一切 day.
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因為城裡幾乎每天都有斷電措施
04:20
So we created創建 a huge巨大 asset財富 by placing配售 photovoltaics光伏 there on the roof屋頂.
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所以我們在屋頂
設置相當多的太陽能板
04:24
And then under those panels面板
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在那些太陽能板下面
04:27
we thought about the roof屋頂 like a new public上市 space空間 with gathering蒐集 areas and bars酒吧
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能增加一個新的公共場所
一個聚會場所或是酒吧
04:30
that would create創建 this urban城市的 oasis綠洲.
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這能造就一個都市綠洲
04:33
And these porches門廊 on the roof屋頂,
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而這些頂樓的入口
04:35
all together一起 they collect蒐集 the water to reuse重用 for sanitation衛生 on the inside.
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能收集水並讓內部的
公共衛生設施重複利用
04:40
Hopefully希望 by the beginning開始 of next下一個 year, because we are already已經 on the fifth第五 floor地板 of the construction施工.
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我們極有希望在明年初就能完工
因為進度已經建到了第五層樓
04:45
The second第二 example is a master plan計劃
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第二個例子是一個總體設計
04:48
of 2,000 apartments公寓 and facilities設備 in the city of Tunis突尼斯.
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在突尼斯市的兩千戶公寓
04:51
And for doing such這樣 a big project項目, the biggest最大 project項目 I've ever designed設計,
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做這個非常大的企劃案
事實上是我接過最大的企劃案
04:55
I really needed需要 to understand理解 the city of Tunis突尼斯,
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我需要非常了解突尼斯這個城市
04:57
but also its surroundings環境 and the tradition傳統 and culture文化.
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不管是周圍的事物
或是當地的傳統與文化
05:01
During that analysis分析 I paid支付 special特別 attention注意 to the medina麥地那
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在分析過程中
我對麥地那有很特別的印象
05:05
that is this 1,000-year-old-歲 structure結構體 that used to be closed關閉 by a wall,
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那是一個用城牆包覆住的結構
已有上千年歷史
05:09
opened打開 by twelve十二 different不同 gates, connected連接的 by almost幾乎 straight直行 lines.
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有12個不同的大門
幾乎是用直線連接
05:13
When I went to the site現場, the first design設計 operation手術 we did
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當我去到當地
第一件要做的就是
05:17
was to extend延伸 the existing現有 streets街道, creating創建 12 initial初始 blocks
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拓寬街道,造出12個基礎模塊
05:21
similar類似 in size尺寸 and characteristics特點 to the ones那些 we have in Barcelona巴塞羅那
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相同大小與特性
跟巴塞隆納的一樣
05:25
and other cities城市 in Europe歐洲 with these courtyards庭院.
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在歐洲其他城市也有的庭院
05:28
On top最佳 of that, we selected some strategic戰略 points
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我們做了幾個關鍵要點
05:30
reminded提醒 of this idea理念 of the gates and connecting them by straight直行 lines,
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有了大門用直線聯結的啟發
05:34
and this modified改性 this initial初始 pattern模式.
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這更改了最初的格局
05:36
And the last operation手術 was to think about the cell細胞,
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最後的工作就是那些房間
05:39
the small cell細胞 of the project項目, like the apartment公寓,
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就像是公寓裡的小房間
05:41
as an essential必要 part部分 of the master plan計劃.
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是這個企劃最重要的環節
05:43
And for that I thought, what would be the best最好 orientation方向
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對於這個
我一直想什麼是最能適應
05:46
in the Mediterranean地中海 climate氣候 for an apartment公寓?
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地中海型氣候的公寓?
05:49
And it's north-south南北, because it creates創建 a thermal difference區別 between之間 both sides雙方 of the house
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南北向的房子讓室內前後溫度不均
05:53
and then a natural自然 ventilation通風.
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并帶來自然的通風
05:56
So we overlap交疊 a pattern模式 that makes品牌 sure that most of the apartments公寓
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所以我們修改了部分格局
確保大部分公寓
06:00
are perfectly完美 oriented面向 in that direction方向.
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都是面對好的方位
06:02
And this is the result結果
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這就是成果
06:04
that is almost幾乎 like a combination組合 of the European歐洲的 block and the Arab阿拉伯 city.
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這就像是結合了
歐洲與阿拉伯風格的城市
06:07
It has these blocks with courtyards庭院,
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在中庭有這種街道
06:09
and then on the ground地面 floor地板
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在底層
06:10
you have all these connections連接 for the pedestrians行人.
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行人都能暢行無阻
06:12
And also it responds響應 to the local本地 regulations法規 that establish建立
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這也迎合了當地的規矩
06:15
a higher更高 density密度 on the upper levels水平 and a lower降低 density密度 on the ground地面 floor地板.
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就是高樓層較多住戶
低樓層則較少住戶
06:19
And it also reinforces加強 this idea理念 of the gates.
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這也在大門加強了這種概念
06:22
The volume has this connecting shape形狀
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這空間的形狀
06:24
that shades色調 itself本身 with three different不同 types類型 of apartments公寓
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也替三種不同的公寓遮陰
06:28
and also lets讓我們 the light go on the ground地面 floor地板 in a very dense稠密 neighborhood鄰里
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也能讓陽光透過非常密集的公寓群
06:31
And in the courtyards庭院 there are the different不同 facilities設備,
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在中庭有不同的設施
06:34
such這樣 as a gym健身房 and a kindergarten幼兒園
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例如健身房和幼稚園
06:36
and close by, a series系列 of commercial廣告 [spaces空間] that bring帶來 activity活動 to the ground地面 floor地板.
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在低樓層附近
也有商業空間帶來商機
06:40
The roof屋頂, which哪一個 is my favorite喜愛 space空間 of the project項目
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屋頂是我最喜歡的部分
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is almost幾乎 like giving back to the community社區 the space空間 taken採取 by the construction施工.
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那就像是還給社區
被建築佔去的空間
06:46
And it's where all the neighbors鄰居, they can go up and socialize應酬,
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也提供住戶一個社交的場所
06:49
and do activities活動 such這樣 as having a two-kilometer兩公里 run in the morning早上,
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或是能在上頭做兩公里的晨跑
06:52
jumping跳躍 from one building建造 to another另一個.
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也能在每棟房子間跳來跳去
06:56
These two examples例子,
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這兩個例子
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they have a common共同 approach途徑 in the design設計 process處理.
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都有相同的設計方法
07:01
And also, they are in emerging新興 countries國家 where you can see
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也同樣存在於
07:04
the cities城市 literally按照字面 growing生長.
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正在成長的新興城市
07:06
In these cities城市, the impact碰撞 of architecture建築 in people's人們 lives生活 of today今天 and tomorrow明天
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在這些城市
建築影響著人們的生活
07:11
changes變化 the local本地 communities社區 and economies經濟 at the same相同 speed速度 as the buildings房屋 grow增長.
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改變了在地社區與經濟
與建築一起成長
07:16
For this reason原因, I see even more importance重要性
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就因為這幾個原因讓我覺得
07:19
to look at architecture建築 finding發現 simple簡單 but affordable實惠 solutions解決方案
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尋找簡單又經濟的方法是非常重要的
07:24
that enhance提高 the relationship關係 between之間 the community社區 and the environment環境
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目的在於加強社區與環境的聯結
07:28
and that aim目標 to connect nature性質 and people.
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講人類與自然聯繫在一起
07:32
Thank you very much.
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謝謝大家
07:34
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Xuwen Zhu
Reviewed by E Fan

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Xavier Vilalta - Architect and urbanist
Barcelona-based architect Xavier Vilalta works in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. He adopts and updates traditional design principles to construct modern buildings that truly suit their environment.

Why you should listen

Named young architect of the year at the Leaf Awards in 2008, Xavier Vilalta is the founder of XVA, a Barcelona-based design team operating in the fields of architecture, urbanism and research.

The TED Fellow and his team have worked on more than 60 projects, including homes, schools, cultural institutions and commercial buildings everywhere from Africa to the Middle East. Declaring that "we love nature and we care about people," the team's design philosophy is to connect the old and the new, co-opting and updating the best thinking of past traditions to create modern buildings that are both deeply respectful of the past and searingly contemporary.

Recent projects include the Lideta Mercato shopping mall in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and a concept for a series of urban gardens in Qatar.

More profile about the speaker
Xavier Vilalta | Speaker | TED.com