ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Amanda Burden - Urban planner
As New York’s chief city planner under the Bloomberg administration, Amanda Burden led revitalization of some of the city's most familiar features -- from the High Line to the Brooklyn waterfront.

Why you should listen

With a keen eye for detail that extends to the most humble park bench -- and a gift for convincing developers and bureaucrats of her vision -- former New York City Planning Commissioner Amanda Burden rebuilt New York City.

Taking inspiration from her mentor, the influential urban theorist William H. “Holly” Whyte, Burden stepped out of the society pages (she's Babe Paley's daughter) and into a high-profile development career, which started with the planning and design of Battery Park and brought her to the Bloomberg administration. Her high design standards and flair for human-scale public spaces (as she told the Wall Street Journal, "You can actually change a city by a small stroke") ensures that her legacy will be an enduring element of New York’s urban landscape. Post-mayoralty, she is joining Mike Bloomberg's newly established global consultancy, Bloomberg Associates, as one of the founding Principals (along with Janette Sadik-Khan, former traffic commisioner).

More profile about the speaker
Amanda Burden | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Amanda Burden: How public spaces make cities work

阿曼達.伯登: 公共空間如何讓城市運作

Filmed:
1,364,232 views

超過八百萬人擁擠地居住在紐約市中。這怎麼可能?有部分原因是人們可以在城市中最棒的公共空間──從袖珍公園到綿延的濱水遊憩區──散步、遊玩。阿曼達.伯登協助規劃城市中數個最新的公共空間,意想不到的是,她運用的是動物行為學家的經驗。她分享了在規劃人們喜愛的公園時所碰到的驚人挑戰,以及這件事為什麼如此重要。
- Urban planner
As New York’s chief city planner under the Bloomberg administration, Amanda Burden led revitalization of some of the city's most familiar features -- from the High Line to the Brooklyn waterfront. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
When people think about cities城市,
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當人們想到城市時,
00:14
they tend趨向 to think of certain某些 things.
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都會想到某些事物,
00:17
They think of buildings房屋 and streets街道
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他們會想到建築、街道、
00:19
and skyscrapers摩天大樓, noisy嘈雜 cabs出租車.
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摩天大樓和吵雜的計程車。
00:21
But when I think about cities城市,
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但是當我想到城市,
00:23
I think about people.
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我會想到人。
00:25
Cities城市 are fundamentally從根本上 about people,
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基本上,城市與人有關,
00:29
and where people go
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大家上哪去、
00:31
and where people meet遇到
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在哪碰面
00:32
are at the core核心 of what makes品牌 a city work.
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都是位在城市運作的樞紐位置。
00:35
So even more important重要 than buildings房屋 in a city
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因此在城市中比建築還重要的是
00:39
are the public上市 spaces空間 in between之間 them.
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在建築之間的公共空間。
00:42
And today今天, some of the most transformative變革
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現今在城市中變化最大的部分
00:44
changes變化 in cities城市
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00:46
are happening事件 in these public上市 spaces空間.
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正是發生在這些公共空間中。
00:49
So I believe that lively活潑, enjoyable其樂融融 public上市 spaces空間
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因此我相信怡人又宜居的公共空間
00:53
are the key to planning規劃 a great city.
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是設計卓越城市的關鍵。
00:56
They are what makes品牌 it come alive.
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讓城市活躍起來的即是公共空間。
01:00
But what makes品牌 a public上市 space空間 work?
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那是什麼讓公共空間發揮效用?
01:03
What attracts吸引 people to successful成功 public上市 spaces空間,
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吸引人們到優良公共空間的是什麼?
01:07
and what is it about unsuccessful不成功 places地方
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讓人們遠離不良空間的因素又是什麼?
01:09
that keeps保持 people away?
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01:12
I thought, if I could answer回答 those questions問題,
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我想如果我能回答那些問題,
01:15
I could make a huge巨大 contribution貢獻 to my city.
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我就能為所在城市貢獻良多。
01:19
But one of the more wonky靠不住的 things about me
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但有件較怪的事情是
01:21
is that I am an animal動物 behaviorist行為主義,
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我是動物行為學家,
01:25
and I use those skills技能 not to study研究 animal動物 behavior行為
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我運用這些技能
不是為了研究動物行為,
01:29
but to study研究 how people in cities城市
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而是研究城市中的人類
01:31
use city public上市 spaces空間.
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如何使用城市的公共空間。
01:34
One of the first spaces空間 that I studied研究
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我最早期研究的空間之一
01:37
was this little vest背心 pocket口袋 park公園 called Paley佩利 Park公園
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就是這個袖珍型的公園,
稱為帕里公園,
01:40
in midtown市中心 Manhattan曼哈頓.
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位在曼哈頓市區。
01:43
This little space空間 became成為 a small phenomenon現象,
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這小巧的空間成了一個小奇蹟,
01:47
and because it had such這樣 a profound深刻 impact碰撞
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而因為它對紐約人
帶來如此深遠的影響,
01:50
on New Yorkers紐約人,
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因此這座公園讓我印象十分深刻。
01:51
it made製作 an enormous巨大 impression印象 on me.
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01:55
I studied研究 this park公園 very early on in my career事業
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在我職涯早期,
我便開始研究這座公園,
01:58
because it happened發生 to have been built內置
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因為建造它的人剛好是
01:59
by my stepfather後爹,
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我的繼父,
02:01
so I knew知道 that places地方 like Paley佩利 Park公園
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因此我知道像帕里公園這樣的地方
02:04
didn't happen發生 by accident事故.
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並非偶然。
02:06
I saw firsthand第一手 that they required需要
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我直接看到他們需要
02:09
incredible難以置信 dedication貢獻
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對細節有無比的投入和關注。
02:10
and enormous巨大 attention注意 to detail詳情.
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但是什麼讓這空間
02:13
But what was it about this space空間
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02:15
that made製作 it special特別 and drew德魯 people to it?
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如此特別且吸引人前往?
02:19
Well, I would sit in the park公園 and watch very carefully小心,
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嗯,我會坐在公園裡仔細觀察,
02:21
and first among其中 other things
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最首要的是
02:23
were the comfortable自在, movable活動 chairs椅子.
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舒適的活動座椅。
02:26
People would come in, find their own擁有 seat座位,
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人們會進入公園,找到自己的座位,
02:29
move移動 it a bit, actually其實, and then stay a while,
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其實會稍微移動,然後停留一陣子,
02:32
and then interestingly有趣,
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接著有趣的是
02:34
people themselves他們自己 attracted吸引 other people,
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人們會吸引其他人;
02:37
and ironically諷刺地, I felt more peaceful平靜的
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而諷刺的是,我會覺得更加平靜,
02:40
if there were other people around.
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只要身旁還有其他人在。
02:42
And it was green綠色.
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還有綠意。
02:44
This little park公園 provided提供 what New Yorkers紐約人 crave渴望:
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這小巧的公園提供了紐約人所渴求的:
02:48
comfort安慰 and greenery綠化.
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舒適與綠色植物。
02:50
But my question was,
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但我的問題是
02:52
why weren't there more places地方 with greenery綠化
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為什麼沒有更多綠色植物,
02:55
and places地方 to sit in the middle中間 of the city
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以及能在城市中心安坐的地方,
02:57
where you didn't feel alone單獨,
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讓你身在其中不覺得孤單,
03:00
or like a trespasser侵入者?
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或是像個侵入者?
03:02
Unfortunately不幸, that's not how cities城市
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遺憾的是,
城市並非依此規劃。
03:05
were being存在 designed設計.
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03:07
So here you see a familiar sight視力.
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你可以在這裡看見一個熟悉的畫面。
03:10
This is how plazas廣場 have been
designed設計 for generations.
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這是好幾個世代以來
大廈設計的模式。
03:15
They have that stylish時尚, Spartan斯巴達 look
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這種流行、簡約的樣貌
03:18
that we often經常 associate關聯 with modern現代 architecture建築,
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讓我們常和現代建築聯想在一塊,
03:21
but it's not surprising奇怪 that people
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但不意外的是
人們會遠離像這樣的空間。
03:24
avoid避免 spaces空間 like this.
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03:26
They not only look desolate荒涼,
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那裡看起來人煙稀少,
03:28
they feel downright徹頭徹尾 dangerous危險.
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感覺十分危險。
03:30
I mean, where would you sit here?
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我是說,你在這裡時會坐哪邊?
03:34
What would you do here?
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你會在這裡做什麼?
03:36
But architects建築師 love them.
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但建築師愛那些地方。
03:40
They are plinths踢腳板 for their creations創作.
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那是他們的創意基礎。
03:43
They might威力 tolerate容忍 a sculpture雕塑 or two,
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他們也許要容忍一、兩個雕塑,
03:45
but that's about it.
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但僅此而已。
03:47
And for developers開發商, they are ideal理想.
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對開發商來說非常完美。
03:50
There's nothing to water, nothing to maintain保持,
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不需要澆水、不用維護,
03:52
and no undesirable不可取 people to worry擔心 about.
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也沒有煩人的討厭鬼。
03:56
But don't you think this is a waste浪費?
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但是你不覺得這是種浪費嗎?
04:00
For me, becoming變得 a city planner規劃人員
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對我來說,成為城市規劃師
04:02
meant意味著 being存在 able能夠 to truly change更改 the city
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意謂著能真的改變城市,
04:05
that I lived生活 in and loved喜愛.
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我居住和深愛的城市。
04:07
I wanted to be able能夠 to create創建 places地方
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我希望打造出的地方
04:10
that would give you the feeling感覺 that you got
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也能讓你擁有帕里公園
帶來的同樣感受,
04:12
in Paley佩利 Park公園,
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並且阻止開發商建造
像這樣冷冰冰的大廈。
04:13
and not allow允許 developers開發商 to
build建立 bleak蒼涼 plazas廣場 like this.
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04:18
But over the many許多 years年份,
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但是經過許多年後,
04:19
I have learned學到了 how hard it is
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我意識到很難
04:22
to create創建 successful成功, meaningful富有意義的,
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創造成功、有意義,
又怡人的公共空間。
04:25
enjoyable其樂融融 public上市 spaces空間.
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04:27
As I learned學到了 from my stepfather後爹,
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我向繼父學習時,
04:28
they certainly當然 do not happen發生 by accident事故,
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這些事發生並非偶然,
04:30
especially特別 in a city like New York紐約,
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尤其在像紐約這樣的城市,
04:33
where public上市 space空間 has to
be fought戰鬥 for to begin開始 with,
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需極力爭取才能打造公共空間,
04:37
and then for them to be successful成功,
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為了讓事情圓滿達成,
04:39
somebody has to think very hard
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得有人絞盡腦汁思考
04:41
about every一切 detail詳情.
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每一個細節。
04:43
Now, open打開 spaces空間 in cities城市 are opportunities機會.
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城市中的開放空間都是機會。
04:47
Yes, they are opportunities機會
for commercial廣告 investment投資,
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沒錯,它們是商業投資的機會,
04:50
but they are also opportunities機會 for the common共同 good
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但是這些機會也都是
這座城市的公共利益,
04:54
of the city,
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04:56
and those two goals目標 are often經常
not aligned對齊 with one another另一個,
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那兩項目標常背道而馳,
04:59
and therein在其中 lies the conflict衝突.
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衝突就因此而生。
05:02
The first opportunity機會 I had to fight鬥爭
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我首次得爭取的機會
05:05
for a great public上市 open打開 space空間 was in the early 1980s,
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是 1980 年代早期的
一項大型公共開放空間,
05:08
when I was leading領導 a team球隊 of planners規劃者
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當時我帶領了一組規劃團隊,
05:10
at a gigantic巨大 landfill垃圾填埋場 called Battery電池 Park公園 City
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位於名叫砲台公園城
的巨型垃圾掩埋場,
05:13
in lower降低 Manhattan曼哈頓 on the Hudson哈德森 River.
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就在曼哈頓的哈德遜河岸邊。
05:16
And this sandy wasteland荒地 had lainLAIN barren荒蕪
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這塊沙質荒地已荒廢了
05:19
for 10 years年份,
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十年之久,
05:20
and we were told, unless除非 we found發現 a developer開發人員
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有人說,除非我們找到開發商,
05:23
in six months個月, it would go bankrupt破產者.
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不然在六個月內
這塊地就會完全枯竭了。
05:25
So we came來了 up with a radical激進,
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因此我們想到的是一個極端,
05:27
almost幾乎 insane idea理念.
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近乎瘋狂的想法。
05:29
Instead代替 of building建造 a park公園
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與其蓋一座公園
05:31
as a complement補充 to future未來 development發展,
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讓它成為未來發展的一部分,
05:34
why don't we reverse相反 that equation方程
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我們何不翻轉那個機制,
05:36
and build建立 a small but very high-quality高質量
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改為先建造小巧、高質感的
05:39
public上市 open打開 space空間 first,
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公共開放空間,
05:41
and see if that made製作 a difference區別.
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看看能不能帶來什麼變化。
05:44
So we only could afford給予 to build建立 a two-block兩嵌段 section部分
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我們只能建設兩個街區的大小,
05:48
of what would become成為 a mile-long一英里長 esplanade空地,
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──後來成為一哩長的濱海遊憩區──
05:51
so whatever隨你 we built內置 had to be perfect完善.
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因此不管我們蓋什麼,
都要非常完美才行。
05:54
So just to make sure, I insisted堅持
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為了確定這件事,
05:57
that we build建立 a mock-up小樣
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我堅持要蓋一個木造實體模型,
05:59
in wood, at scale規模, of the railing欄杆 and the sea wall.
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設有欄杆和防波堤。
06:03
And when I satSAT down on that test測試 bench長凳
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當我坐在測試的長凳上時,
06:06
with sand still swirling紛飛 all around me,
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身旁還有漫天飛舞的沙子,
06:09
the railing欄杆 hit擊中 exactly究竟 at eye level水平,
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欄杆剛好位在眼睛的高度,
06:12
blocking閉塞 my view視圖 and ruining破壞 my experience經驗
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阻礙了我的視線,而且也破壞了
我在水岸邊的體驗。
06:15
at the water's水的 edge邊緣.
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06:18
So you see, details細節 really do make a difference區別.
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你可以看到細節真的大有影響。
06:21
But design設計 is not just how something looks容貌,
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但設計不只是關於
東西看起來的樣子,
06:25
it's how your body身體 feels感覺 on that seat座位 in that space空間,
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也關於你在那個空間裡
坐在椅子上的身體感受,
06:31
and I believe that successful成功 design設計 always depends依靠
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我相信成功的設計
永遠取決於個人的體驗。
06:34
on that very individual個人 experience經驗.
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06:37
In this photo照片, everything looks容貌 very finished,
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在這張照片中,
每樣東西看起來都完工了,
06:42
but that granite花崗岩 edge邊緣, those lights燈火,
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但是花崗岩的邊緣、那些燈光、
06:44
the back on that bench長凳,
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長凳的椅背、
06:46
the trees樹木 in planting種植,
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栽植的樹木,
06:48
and the many許多 different不同 kinds of places地方 to sit
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以及在各種地方的座位,
06:51
were all little battles戰鬥 that turned轉身 this project項目
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都是這些小挑戰讓計畫煥然一新,
06:54
into a place地點 that people wanted to be.
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成為大家都想去的地方。
06:58
Now, this proved證實 very valuable有價值 20 years年份 later後來
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20 年後,證明了這十分珍貴,
07:02
when Michael邁克爾 Bloomberg彭博 asked me to be
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當時麥克.彭博邀請我擔任
07:04
his planning規劃 commissioner專員
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都市計劃局長,
07:05
and put me in charge收費 of shaping成型
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讓我負責塑造
07:07
the entire整個 city of New York紐約.
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整座紐約市。
07:09
And he said to me on that very day,
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在那個特別的日子裡,他告訴我,
07:11
he said that New York紐約 was projected預計
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過去紐約是設計成
07:13
to grow增長 from eight to nine million百萬 people.
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讓市民從八百萬人
發展為九百萬人的地方。
07:16
And he asked me,
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他問我:
07:18
"So where are you going to put
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「你打算把那多出來的
一百萬名紐約客放在哪裡?」
07:20
one million百萬 additional額外 New Yorkers紐約人?"
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07:22
Well, I didn't have any idea理念.
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嗯,我當時毫無頭緒。
07:25
Now, you know that New York紐約 does
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你知道紐約
非常重視吸引外來人口,
07:28
place地點 a high value on attracting吸引 immigrants移民,
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07:31
so we were excited興奮 about the prospect展望 of growth發展,
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因此,我們對於發展前景非常興奮,
07:34
but honestly老老實實, where were we going to grow增長
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但老實說,我們在哪裡發展
07:37
in a city that was already已經 built內置 out to its edges邊緣
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這座已經建設到邊緣
07:40
and surrounded包圍 by water?
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且被水環繞的城市?
07:43
How were we going to find housing住房
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我們要怎麼找出
07:44
for that many許多 new New Yorkers紐約人?
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新進紐約客的居所?
07:47
And if we couldn't不能 spread傳播 out,
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如果我們不能擴展
07:49
which哪一個 was probably大概 a good thing,
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──那大概會是件好事──
07:50
where could new housing住房 go?
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那我們要把新房子安置何處?
07:53
And what about cars汽車?
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那車子怎麼辦?
07:55
Our city couldn't不能 possibly或者 handle處理 any more cars汽車.
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我們的城市不可能再負擔更多車子了。
07:59
So what were we going to do?
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那我們要怎麼辦?
08:02
If we couldn't不能 spread傳播 out, we had to go up.
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如果我們無法擴展,我們就得向上攀伸。
08:06
And if we had to go up,
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如果我們得向上攀伸,
08:07
we had to go up in places地方
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我們就必須在
08:09
where you wouldn't不會 need to own擁有 a car汽車.
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2009
你不需要有車的地方攀伸。
08:11
So that meant意味著 using運用 one of our greatest最大 assets資產:
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因此那代表了要運用
我們最重要的資產之一:
08:13
our transit過境 system系統.
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我們的運輸系統。
08:16
But we had never before thought
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但我們過去從沒想過
08:17
of how we could make the most of it.
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我們能如何充分運用運輸系統。
08:20
So here was the answer回答 to our puzzle難題.
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因此,這就是我們拼圖的關鍵。
08:23
If we were to channel渠道 and redirect重定向
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如果我們要重新引導
08:27
all new development發展 around transit過境,
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所有新的開發繞著運輸進行,
08:29
we could actually其實 handle處理 that population人口 increase增加,
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我們就能面對人口成長,
08:32
we thought.
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這是我們的想法。
08:34
And so here was the plan計劃,
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就是這份計畫,
08:36
what we really needed需要 to do:
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我們確實要做的是:
08:38
We needed需要 to redo重做 our zoning區劃 --
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我們需要重劃區域,
08:41
and zoning區劃 is the city planner's策劃者 regulatory監管 tool工具 --
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──區域劃分是都市規劃師的管控方式──
08:44
and basically基本上 reshape重塑 the entire整個 city,
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基本上要重新塑造整座城市,
08:47
targeting針對 where new development發展 could go
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著眼在新開發能往何處發展,
08:50
and prohibiting禁止 any development發展 at all
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全面禁止任何開發,
08:52
in our car-oriented車為本,
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在當前這片以車輛為導向的
08:54
suburban-style郊區風格 neighborhoods社區.
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郊區風格街坊之中。
08:56
Well, this was an unbelievably令人難以置信 ambitious有雄心 idea理念,
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這是種非常驚人的雄心壯志,
08:59
ambitious有雄心 because communities社區
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說雄心壯志,是因為社區
09:02
had to approve批准 those plans計劃.
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必須認可那些計畫。
09:06
So how was I going to get this doneDONE?
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那我要怎麼完成這件事?
09:09
By listening. So I began開始 listening,
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透過聆聽。
我開始聆聽,
09:12
in fact事實, thousands數千 of hours小時 of listening
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其實我聆聽了上千小時,
09:15
just to establish建立 trust相信.
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只為了能取得信任。
09:17
You know, communities社區 can tell
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社區可以分辨得出來
09:19
whether是否 or not you understand理解 their neighborhoods社區.
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你是否真的了解他們的街坊。
09:21
It's not something you can just fake.
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那是假裝不了的事。
09:24
And so I began開始 walking步行.
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因此我開始步行。
09:27
I can't tell you how many許多 blocks I walked,
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我不知道自己到底走了多少街區,
09:29
in sweltering悶熱的 summers夏天, in freezing冷凍 winters冬天,
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在汗流浹背的夏天、寒風刺骨的冬日,
09:32
year after year,
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年復一年,
09:34
just so I could get to understand理解
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只因為如此一來我才能了解
09:36
the DNA脫氧核糖核酸 of each neighborhood鄰里
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2027
每一個街坊的基因,
09:38
and know what each street felt like.
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以及每一條街傳達的感受。
09:41
I became成為 an incredibly令人難以置信 geeky令人討厭 zoning區劃 expert專家,
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我變成超神的區域劃分專家,
09:45
finding發現 ways方法 that zoning區劃 could address地址
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並找到方法讓區域劃分能滿足
09:47
communities'社區 concerns關注.
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社區所關心的事務。
09:49
So little by little, neighborhood鄰里 by neighborhood鄰里,
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2572
因此,一點一滴、一個個街坊,
09:51
block by block,
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一塊塊街區,
09:53
we began開始 to set height高度 limits範圍
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我們開始限高,
09:55
so that all new development發展
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如此一來所有新的開發
09:56
would be predictable可預測 and near transit過境.
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都能在預料之中,並且靠近交通運輸區。
10:00
Over the course課程 of 12 years年份,
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這 12 年來,
10:02
we were able能夠 to rezone重新劃分
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我們重新劃分了
10:04
124 neighborhoods社區,
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124 個街坊,
10:07
40 percent百分 of the city,
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40% 的城市,
10:09
12,500 blocks, so that now,
224
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4539
12,500 塊街區,因此到現在,
10:14
90 percent百分 of all new development發展 of New York紐約
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紐約所有新的開發中有 90%
10:17
is within a 10-minute-分鐘 walk步行 of a subway地鐵.
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都在步行 10 分鐘能抵達地鐵的位置。
10:20
In other words, nobody沒有人 in those new buildings房屋
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換句話說,那些新建築裡的居民
10:23
needs需求 to own擁有 a car汽車.
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1876
都不需要擁有汽車。
10:24
Well, those rezoningsrezonings were exhausting辛苦
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嗯,那些重劃區域的事讓人疲憊不堪,
10:29
and enervating衰弱 and important重要,
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3038
而且讓人無力卻又十分重要,
10:32
but rezoning重新分區 was never my mission任務.
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但是重劃區域從來就不是我的任務。
10:34
You can't see zoning區劃 and you can't feel zoning區劃.
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你看不見區域劃分,無法感受區域劃分。
10:38
My mission任務 was always to create創建
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我的任務一向都是打造
10:40
great public上市 spaces空間.
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完美的公共空間。
10:42
So in the areas where we zoned
for significant重大 development發展,
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因此,在這些我們劃分為
重大發展的區域中,
10:45
I was determined決心 to create創建 places地方
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我決定打造的空間
10:48
that would make a difference區別 in people's人們 lives生活.
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是能為人們生活帶來重大改變的地方。
10:50
Here you see what was
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你可以在這裡看到
10:52
two miles英里 of abandoned, degraded降級 waterfront濱水
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2424
兩哩廢棄、破敗的濱水區,
10:55
in the neighborhoods社區 of Greenpoint綠點
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1767
位在布魯克林區的綠點
與威廉斯堡街坊,
10:57
and Williamsburg威廉斯堡 in Brooklyn布魯克林,
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1782
根本不可能靠近和使用。
10:58
impossible不可能 to get to and impossible不可能 to use.
242
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3560
11:02
Now the zoning區劃 here was massive大規模的,
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2494
這裡的區域劃分規模龐大,
11:04
so I felt an obligation義務 to create創建
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3022
因此我有責任
在這些濱水區上打造優美的公園,
11:08
magnificent華麗的 parks公園 on these waterfronts濱水,
245
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3025
11:11
and I spent花費 an incredible難以置信 amount of time
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2740
我花了非常多的時間
11:13
on every一切 square廣場 inch英寸 of these plans計劃.
247
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3105
在這些計畫中的每一吋土地上。
11:16
I wanted to make sure that there were
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我希望能確定那裡會有
11:18
tree-lined綠樹成蔭 paths路徑 from the upland高地 to the water,
249
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2539
從高地到水域的林蔭步道,
11:21
that there were trees樹木 and plantings種植 everywhere到處,
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2411
到處都有樹木和植栽,
11:23
and, of course課程, lots and lots of places地方 to sit.
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4188
當然,還要有很多、很多座位。
11:28
Honestly老老實實, I had no idea理念 how it would turn out.
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3370
老實說,我不知道結果會如何。
11:31
I had to have faith信仰.
253
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1625
我必須有信心。
11:33
But I put everything that I had studied研究 and learned學到了
254
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2963
但我放下所有的事,
為了能研究和了解
11:36
into those plans計劃.
255
684036
1734
那些計畫。
11:37
And then it opened打開,
256
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1660
啟用後,
11:39
and I have to tell you, it was incredible難以置信.
257
687430
3287
我得告訴你,那非常棒。
11:42
People came來了 from all over the city
258
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2085
人們從城市的各個角落
11:44
to be in these parks公園.
259
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1657
來到這些公園裡。
11:46
I know they changed the lives生活
of the people who live生活 there,
260
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3420
我知道那些公園
改變了當地居民的生活,
11:49
but they also changed New Yorkers'紐約人“ whole整個 image圖片
261
697879
2495
但它們也改變了紐約客
11:52
of their city.
262
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1776
對所在城市的整體印象。
11:54
I often經常 come down and watch people
263
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1579
我常來這看著人們
11:55
get on this little ferry渡船
264
703729
1516
搭上這個小渡輪,
11:57
that now runs運行 between之間 the boroughs行政區,
265
705245
1978
載著他們在區域間移動,
11:59
and I can't tell you why,
266
707223
1487
我不知道為什麼,
12:00
but I'm completely全然 moved移動
267
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1572
但我深受感動,
12:02
by the fact事實 that people are using運用 it
268
710282
2147
看到人們搭乘渡輪,
12:04
as if it had always been there.
269
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2182
就像它一直都在似的。
12:06
And here is a new park公園 in lower降低 Manhattan曼哈頓.
270
714611
3273
在曼哈頓下城這裡有座新公園。
12:09
Now, the water's水的 edge邊緣 in lower降低 Manhattan曼哈頓
271
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2757
曼哈頓下城的水岸
12:12
was a complete完成 mess食堂 before 9/11.
272
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2933
在 911 之前是一團混亂。
12:15
Wall Street was essentially實質上 landlocked內陸
273
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1915
基本上華爾街完全被包圍了,
12:17
because you couldn't不能 get anywhere隨地 near this edge邊緣.
274
725489
2586
因為你完全無法靠近這邊緣。
12:20
And after 9/11, the city had very little control控制.
275
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3834
在 911 之後,這座城市缺乏秩序。
12:23
But I thought if we went
276
731909
1545
但是我想,如果我們去
12:25
to the Lower降低 Manhattan曼哈頓 Development發展 Corporation公司
277
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2145
曼哈頓下城發展公司
12:27
and got money to reclaim回收 this two miles英里
278
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2961
拿點經費開墾這兩哩的
12:30
of degraded降級 waterfront濱水
279
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1796
破敗濱水區,
12:32
that it would have an enormous巨大 effect影響
280
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1851
就能大大地影響
12:34
on the rebuilding重建 of lower降低 Manhattan曼哈頓.
281
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2461
曼哈頓下城的重建。
12:36
And it did.
282
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1180
結果確實如此。
12:37
Lower降低 Manhattan曼哈頓 finally最後 has a public上市 waterfront濱水
283
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3391
曼哈頓下城終於有了公共濱水區,
12:41
on all three sides雙方.
284
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2114
三側都有。
12:43
I really love this park公園.
285
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2384
我超愛這座公園。
12:45
You know, railings欄杆 have to be higher更高 now,
286
753737
2225
你知道,現在欄杆得再高一點,
12:47
so we put bar酒吧 seating休息 at the edge邊緣,
287
755962
2544
因此我們在岸邊放了長條座椅,
12:50
and you can get so close to the water
288
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2112
你就能親近水域,
12:52
you're practically幾乎 on it.
289
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1728
幾乎就在水上方。
12:54
And see how the railing欄杆 widens擴大
290
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1869
看看欄杆變寬、變平了,
12:56
and flattens變平 out so you can lay鋪設 down
291
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1416
如此一來你就可以擺放
12:57
your lunch午餐 or your laptop筆記本電腦.
292
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1882
你的午餐或筆電。
12:59
And I love when people come there
293
767513
1980
我超愛人們來到這裡
13:01
and look up and they say,
294
769493
1860
擡頭一看後驚呼:
13:03
"Wow, there's Brooklyn布魯克林, and it's so close."
295
771353
4027
「哇!那是布魯克林,好近喔!」
13:07
So what's the trick?
296
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2352
那麼,訣竅在哪?
13:09
How do you turn a park公園
297
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1809
要怎麼把公園轉身一變
13:11
into a place地點 that people want to be?
298
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3166
成為人們想去的地方?
13:14
Well, it's up to you,
299
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2843
嗯,全由你決定,
13:17
not as a city planner規劃人員 but as a human人的 being存在.
300
785550
3365
不是以城市規劃師,
而是以一個人類的身分。
13:20
You don't tap龍頭 into your design設計 expertise專門知識.
301
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3400
你不是運用你的設計專業,
13:24
You tap龍頭 into your humanity人性.
302
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3515
而是運用你的人性。
13:27
I mean, would you want to go there?
303
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3326
我的意思是,你想去那邊嗎?
13:31
Would you want to stay there?
304
799156
1983
你會想待在那裡嗎?
13:33
Can you see into it and out of it?
305
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2138
你的視線能一望無際嗎?
13:35
Are there other people there?
306
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2252
有其他人在嗎?
13:37
Does it seem似乎 green綠色 and friendly友善?
307
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2647
看起來充滿綠意和友善嗎?
13:40
Can you find your very own擁有 seat座位?
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3238
你能找到自己的專屬座位嗎?
13:43
Well now, all over New York紐約 City,
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811414
3029
現在,在整座紐約市中,
13:46
there are places地方 where you can
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814443
1504
你也可以在一些地方
13:47
find your very own擁有 seat座位.
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815947
1854
找到你的專屬座位了。
13:49
Where there used to be parking停車處 spaces空間,
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817801
2522
那裡原本是停車場,
13:52
there are now pop-up彈出 cafes咖啡館.
313
820323
2293
現在變成了流動咖啡店。
13:54
Where Broadway百老匯 traffic交通 used to run,
314
822616
1978
原本百老匯車輛通行的地方,
13:56
there are now tables and chairs椅子.
315
824594
1964
現在都是桌椅了。
13:58
Where 12 years年份 ago, sidewalk人行道
cafes咖啡館 were not allowed允許,
316
826558
3554
12 年前,這裡禁止設露天咖啡座,
14:02
they are now everywhere到處.
317
830112
1973
現在到處都是。
14:04
But claiming自稱 these spaces空間 for public上市 use
318
832085
2995
但是將這些空間取回做為公用
14:07
was not simple簡單,
319
835080
1139
並非易事,
14:08
and it's even harder更難 to keep them that way.
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836219
2662
而維持公用更是難上加難。
14:10
So now I'm going to tell you a story故事
321
838881
1689
讓我告訴你一個故事,
14:12
about a very unusual異常 park公園 called the High Line.
322
840570
4280
是關於名為「空中花園」的非凡之地。
14:16
The High Line was an elevated提高的 railway鐵路.
323
844850
2054
空中花園原本是高架鐵路。
14:18
(Applause掌聲)
324
846904
6631
(掌聲)
14:25
The High Line was an elevated提高的 railway鐵路
325
853535
2276
空中花園原本是高架鐵路,
14:27
that ran through通過 three neighborhoods社區
326
855811
1812
貫穿三個街區,
14:29
on Manhattan's曼哈頓 West西 Side,
327
857623
1870
在曼哈頓西側通行,
14:31
and when the train培養 stopped停止 running賽跑,
328
859493
1745
當火車停駛後,
14:33
it became成為 a self-seeded自種 landscape景觀,
329
861238
2156
這塊地變成了自行生長的荒地,
14:35
a kind of a garden花園 in the sky天空.
330
863394
2607
就像天空中的花園。
14:38
And when I saw it the first time,
331
866001
2149
我第一次見到這座公園時,
14:40
honestly老老實實, when I went up on that old viaduct高架橋,
332
868150
2646
老實說,當我踏上那老舊的高架橋時,
14:42
I fell下跌 in love the way you fall秋季 in love with a person,
333
870796
2816
感覺就像和某人陷入熱戀一樣,
14:45
honestly老老實實.
334
873612
1227
千真萬確。
14:46
And when I was appointed任命,
335
874839
2121
在我上任後,
14:48
saving保存 the first two sections部分 of the High Line
336
876960
2076
讓空中花園前兩區
免於拆除的命運
14:51
from demolition拆除 became成為 my first priority優先
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879036
3372
就成了我的首要任務,
14:54
and my most important重要 project項目.
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882408
2672
以及我最重要的計畫。
14:57
I knew知道 if there was a day that I didn't
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885080
3268
我知道只要有一天
我不擔心空中花園,它就會倒塌。
15:00
worry擔心 about the High Line, it would come down.
340
888348
3603
15:03
And the High Line,
341
891951
1989
空中花園,
15:05
even though雖然 it is widely廣泛 known已知 now
342
893940
2460
即使現在已廣為人知
15:08
and phenomenally驚人 popular流行,
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896400
1819
且蔚為風潮,
15:10
it is the most contested爭議 public上市 space空間 in the city.
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898219
3904
它仍是城市中最搶手的公共空間。
15:14
You might威力 see a beautiful美麗 park公園,
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902123
2875
也許你看見的是一座美麗花園,
15:16
but not everyone大家 does.
346
904998
2447
但並非每個人都有同感。
15:19
You know, it's true真正, commercial廣告 interests利益
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2637
你知道,事實是商業利益
15:22
will always battle戰鬥 against反對 public上市 space空間.
348
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3217
永遠會與公共空間為敵。
15:25
You might威力 say,
349
913299
1824
你也許會說:
15:27
"How wonderful精彩 it is that more than
350
915123
1570
「超過四百萬人
從世界各地來參觀空中花園
15:28
four million百萬 people come from all over the world世界
351
916693
2431
15:31
to visit訪問 the High Line."
352
919124
1647
是多麼美好的事呀!」
15:32
Well, a developer開發人員 sees看到 just one thing: customers顧客.
353
920771
4616
嗯,開發商只看到一件事:顧客。
15:37
Hey, why not take out those plantings種植
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925387
2725
嘿,何不移走那些植栽,
15:40
and have shops商店 all along沿 the High Line?
355
928112
2008
沿著空中花園開些商店?
15:42
Wouldn't豈不 that be terrific了不起
356
930120
1497
那不是超讚的嗎?
15:43
and won't慣於 it mean a lot more money for the city?
357
931617
2535
而且還能幫城市賺很多錢吧?
15:46
Well no, it would not be terrific了不起.
358
934152
2492
錯了,一點也不讚。
15:48
It would be a mall購物中心, and not a park公園.
359
936644
3299
那會變成購物中心,而且不是公園。
15:51
(Applause掌聲)
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939943
7379
(掌聲)
15:59
And you know what, it might威力 mean
361
947322
1508
你知道嗎?那也許代表了
16:00
more money for the city,
362
948830
2210
幫城市賺很多錢,
16:03
but a city has to take the long view視圖,
363
951040
4049
但是城市要有遠見,
16:07
the view視圖 for the common共同 good.
364
955089
2936
公共利益的遠見。
16:10
Most recently最近, the last section部分 of the High Line,
365
958025
3715
最近,空中花園的最後一區,
16:13
the third第三 section部分 of the High Line,
366
961740
1616
空中花園的第三區,
16:15
the final最後 section部分 of the High Line,
367
963356
1570
空中花園的最後一區,
16:16
has been pitted進站 against反對 development發展 interests利益,
368
964926
2802
已經和發展利益對立,
16:19
where some of the city's城市的 leading領導 developers開發商
369
967728
2300
部分城市的主要開發商
16:22
are building建造 more than 17 million百萬 square廣場 feet
370
970028
2682
都建設超過 1700 萬平方公尺的
16:24
at the Hudson哈德森 Yards.
371
972710
2300
哈德遜園區 (Hudson Yards)。
16:27
And they came來了 to me and proposed建議
372
975010
1961
他們來找我,提到
16:28
that they "temporarily暫時 disassemble拆卸"
373
976971
2559
他們「暫時拆除」
16:31
that third第三 and final最後 section部分.
374
979530
2730
那第三區,也就是最後一區。
16:34
Perhaps也許 the High Line didn't fit適合 in
375
982260
2463
也許空中花園不符合
16:36
with their image圖片 of a gleaming閃閃發光的 city of skyscrapers摩天大樓
376
984723
2887
他們印象中在山坡上
閃亮的摩天大樓城市。
16:39
on a hill爬坡道.
377
987610
1463
也許那只是他們的想像。
16:41
Perhaps也許 it was just in their way.
378
989073
2724
16:43
But in any case案件, it took nine months個月
379
991797
2488
但是無論如何,都需要歷經九個月
16:46
of nonstop馬不停蹄 daily日常 negotiation談判
380
994285
2474
每日不停的協商,
16:48
to finally最後 get the signed agreement協議
381
996759
2013
才能最後簽定協議,
16:50
to prohibit禁止 its demolition拆除,
382
998772
2024
明文禁止拆除,
16:52
and that was only two years年份 ago.
383
1000796
3809
而那只是兩年前的事。
16:56
So you see, no matter how popular流行
384
1004605
2458
你看,不管一個公共空間可以
16:59
and successful成功 a public上市 space空間 may可能 be,
385
1007063
2836
有多受歡迎又多成功,
17:01
it can never be taken採取 for granted理所當然.
386
1009899
2416
那都不是理所當然。
17:04
Public上市 spaces空間 always -- this is it saved保存 --
387
1012315
2581
公共空間永遠
──這裡被拯救了──
17:06
public上市 spaces空間 always need vigilant警惕 champions冠軍,
388
1014896
3712
公共空間永遠都需要有正義使者,
17:10
not only to claim要求 them at the outset開始 for public上市 use,
389
1018608
3700
不只是在一開始為了
公共使用而爭取所有權,
17:14
but to design設計 them for the people that use them,
390
1022308
3531
而要為使用者而設計,
17:17
then to maintain保持 them to ensure確保
391
1025839
2031
之後維護它們來確保
17:19
that they are for everyone大家,
392
1027870
1970
是人人共享,
17:21
that they are not violated違反, invaded入侵,
393
1029840
2413
不可侵害、侵犯、
17:24
abandoned or ignored忽視.
394
1032253
2637
放棄或忽視。
17:26
If there is any one lesson
395
1034890
1644
如果問我在擔任城市規劃師時
17:28
that I have learned學到了 in my life as a city planner規劃人員,
396
1036534
3152
學到了什麼寶貴的一課,
17:31
it is that public上市 spaces空間 have power功率.
397
1039686
3760
那就是公共空間擁有權力。
17:35
It's not just the number of people using運用 them,
398
1043446
3069
那不只是和使用的人有關,
17:38
it's the even greater更大 number of people
399
1046515
1954
也和更多
對城市感覺變好的人有關,
17:40
who feel better about their city
400
1048469
2119
17:42
just knowing會心 that they are there.
401
1050588
3232
這關乎於他們
認知到自己身在其中。
17:45
Public上市 space空間 can change更改 how you live生活 in a city,
402
1053820
3472
公共空間能改變
你在城市的生活方式,
17:49
how you feel about a city,
403
1057292
2170
你對城市的感受,
17:51
whether是否 you choose選擇 one city over another另一個,
404
1059462
3288
不管你選擇哪一個城市,
17:54
and public上市 space空間 is one of
the most important重要 reasons原因
405
1062750
2771
公共空間都是你留在這座城市的
17:57
why you stay in a city.
406
1065521
3121
重要因素之一。
18:00
I believe that a successful成功 city
407
1068642
2465
我相信一座成功的城市
18:03
is like a fabulous極好 party派對.
408
1071107
2621
就像是一場超讚的舞會。
18:05
People stay because they are having a great time.
409
1073728
3905
人們會留下來是因為
他們擁有了美好時光。
18:09
Thank you.
410
1077633
1943
謝謝。
18:11
(Applause掌聲)
411
1079576
5953
(掌聲)
18:17
Thank you. (Applause掌聲)
412
1085529
4630
謝謝。(掌聲)
Translated by Marssi Draw
Reviewed by Geoff Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Amanda Burden - Urban planner
As New York’s chief city planner under the Bloomberg administration, Amanda Burden led revitalization of some of the city's most familiar features -- from the High Line to the Brooklyn waterfront.

Why you should listen

With a keen eye for detail that extends to the most humble park bench -- and a gift for convincing developers and bureaucrats of her vision -- former New York City Planning Commissioner Amanda Burden rebuilt New York City.

Taking inspiration from her mentor, the influential urban theorist William H. “Holly” Whyte, Burden stepped out of the society pages (she's Babe Paley's daughter) and into a high-profile development career, which started with the planning and design of Battery Park and brought her to the Bloomberg administration. Her high design standards and flair for human-scale public spaces (as she told the Wall Street Journal, "You can actually change a city by a small stroke") ensures that her legacy will be an enduring element of New York’s urban landscape. Post-mayoralty, she is joining Mike Bloomberg's newly established global consultancy, Bloomberg Associates, as one of the founding Principals (along with Janette Sadik-Khan, former traffic commisioner).

More profile about the speaker
Amanda Burden | Speaker | TED.com