TED2014
Avi Reichental: What's next in 3D printing
艾維‧瑞肯托: 3D 列印的下一步
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如同他敬愛的祖父，艾維‧瑞肯托也喜歡「動手做」。不同的是，現在的他幾乎可以藉由 3D 印表機，用任何素材、做出任何產品。艾維‧瑞肯托將為我們介紹 3D 列印，從糖果到高度客製化慢跑鞋的無限可能。
Avi Reichental - 3D printer
At XponentialWorks, Avi Reichental is helping to imagine a future where 3D scanning-and-printing is an everyday act -- where food, clothing and objects are routinely output at home. Full bio
At XponentialWorks, Avi Reichental is helping to imagine a future where 3D scanning-and-printing is an everyday act -- where food, clothing and objects are routinely output at home. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
My grandfather was a cobbler.
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我祖父是一名鞋匠。
00:16
Back in the day, he made custom-made shoes.
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他當時幫人做訂製鞋。
我出生前他就過世了，
00:19
I never got to meet him.
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00:22
He perished in the Holocaust.
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死於「猶太大屠殺」。
00:24
But I did inherit his love for making,
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但我還是遺傳到他對「製造」的喜愛，
00:28
except that it doesn't exist that much anymore.
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只是現在沒什麼「人」在做東西了。
00:32
You see, while the Industrial Revolution
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「工業革命」改變了人類社會，
00:35
did a great deal to improve humanity,
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我祖父熱愛的工藝不被傳承，
00:38
it eradicated the very skill
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00:41
that my grandfather loved,
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我們熟知的技藝逐漸式微。
00:44
and it atrophied craftsmanship as we know it.
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而「3D 列印」即將改變一切。
00:47
But all of that is about to change with 3D printing,
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就從這個...
00:52
and it all started with this,
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史上第一顆被列印出的零件。
00:57
the very first part
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00:59
that was ever printed.
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01:01
It's a little older than TED.
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它比 TED 再早一些出現，
01:04
It was printed in 1983
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是 1983 年由 3D 列印的始祖
01:07
by Chuck Hull,
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查克‧赫爾所列印。
01:09
who invented 3D printing.
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01:13
But the thing that I want to talk to you about today,
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但我今天要跟大家說、
01:15
the big idea that I want to discuss with you,
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要跟大家分享的，
01:17
is not that 3D printing
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不是 3D 列印會怎麼改變未來，
01:19
is going to catapult us into the future,
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而是它怎麼連結過去經驗，
01:22
but rather that it's actually going
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01:25
to connect us with our heritage,
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帶我們進入
01:28
and it's going to usher in a new era
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以「本土化」、「分散式生產」為主的
01:31
of localized, distributed manufacturing
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「數位產出」新紀元。
01:35
that is actually based
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01:36
on digital fabrication.
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01:39
So think about useful things.
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想想看，
身邊的事物。
比如說你穿幾號鞋、
01:45
You all know your shoe size.
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01:46
How many of you know the size
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或是有誰知道自己鼻樑多寬？
01:48
of the bridge of your nose
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01:50
or the distance between your temples?
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或是你的額頭有多寬？
01:53
Anybody?
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有誰知道嗎？
想像一下有多酷，
01:55
Wouldn't it be awesome if you could,
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如果能做出一副眼鏡，
01:57
for the first time, get eyewear
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01:59
that actually fits you perfectly
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完美符合你的尺寸，
02:03
and doesn't require any hinge assembly,
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而且不需要任何絞鍊組裝，
02:06
so chances are, the hinges are not going to break?
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就不用擔心鏡架斷掉。
02:10
But the implications of 3D printing
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但 3D 列印可不只有這麼簡單。
02:13
go well beyond the tips of our noses.
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02:16
When I met Amanda for the first time,
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我第一次見到亞曼達的時候，
她已經可以站或稍微走一點路，
02:18
she could already stand up and walk a little bit
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儘管她下半身癱瘓。
02:21
even though she was paralyzed from the waist down,
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02:24
but she complained to me that her suit
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她跟我抱怨輔助衣不好穿。
02:27
was uncomfortable.
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那是 Ekso Bionics 公司出產的機械裝，
02:28
It was a beautiful robotic suit
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02:30
made by Ekso Bionics,
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但那不是量身打造的，
02:32
but it wasn't inspired by her body.
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02:35
It wasn't made to measure.
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所以尺寸不太合。
02:38
So she challenged me to make her something
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她要求我幫她做一套新的：
02:40
that was a little bit more feminine,
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更女性化一點、
02:44
a little bit more elegant,
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更優雅一些、
02:47
and lightweight,
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而且更輕。
02:48
and like good tailors,
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所以就像訂做衣服一樣，
02:50
we thought that we would measure her digitally.
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我們先用數位儀器幫她量尺寸。
然後做出一套很棒的輔助衣。
02:54
And we did. We built her an amazing suit.
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02:57
The incredible part about what I learned
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這次經驗最重要的是，
我從亞曼達身上學到，
03:00
from Amanda is a lot of us are looking at 3D printing
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很多人覺得 3D 列印
和傳統技術是互相衝突的。
03:03
and we say to ourselves,
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03:05
it's going to replace traditional methods.
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亞曼達卻覺得，
03:08
Amanda looked at it and she said,
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這是個很好的機會，
03:10
it's an opportunity for me
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03:12
to reclaim my symmetry
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讓我能找到新科技與傳統的平衡，
03:14
and to embrace my authenticity.
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並發揮祖父遺傳給我的創造天賦。
03:17
And you know what? She's not standing still.
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而且她還不滿足，
03:19
She now wants to walk in high heels.
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開始想穿高跟鞋走路。
03:24
It doesn't stop there.
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還不只這樣，
03:26
3D printing is changing
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3D 列印也將改變
個人醫療器材的樣貌。
03:29
personalized medical devices as we know them,
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03:32
from new, beautiful, conformal,
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從這套全新的、
兼具美感與合身透氣的背架，
03:37
ventilated scoliosis braces
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到無數的補牙、假牙材料，
03:40
to millions of dental restorations
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03:43
and to beautiful bracings
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以及截肢者術後用的
03:47
for amputees,
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漂亮的義肢護具。
03:50
another opportunity to emotionally reconnect
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這些情感上面
再度擁有「完整」身軀的機會。
03:53
with your symmetry.
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03:55
And as we sit here today,
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再舉更切身的例子，
市面上已經有無線的隱形牙套
03:58
you can go wireless on your braces
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04:01
with clear aligners,
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和隱形補假牙材料。
04:03
or your dental restorations.
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無數的助聽器都是 3D 列印，
04:05
Millions of in-the-ear hearing aids
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04:07
are already 3D printed today.
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04:10
Millions of people are served today
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天天有無數的人因此受惠。
04:12
from these devices.
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04:15
What about full knee replacements,
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還有人工膝關節手術，
04:19
from your data, made to measure,
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根據每個人測出的數據，
04:22
where all of the tools and guides are 3D printed?
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由 3D 列印器材輔助導引。
04:26
G.E. is using 3D printing
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奇異公司
將會用 3D 列印
04:30
to make the next generation LEAP engine
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製造下一代的 Leap 引擎。
可望減少
04:32
that will save fuel to the tune
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15% 的油量消耗，
04:36
of about 15 percent
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為航空公司省下 1400 萬美元。
04:39
and cost for an airline
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04:41
of about 14 million dollars.
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聽起來不錯吧？
04:43
Good for G.E., right?
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對乘客和環境也好。
04:45
And their customers and the environment.
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但還有一個更好的消息，
04:48
But, you know, the even better news
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這項技術不再專屬於
04:50
is that this technology is no longer reserved
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有大把鈔票的企業財團。
04:53
for deep-pocketed corporations.
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04:56
Planetary Resources, a startup
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一家新創的「行星資源公司」，
主要做太空探索。
04:59
for space explorations
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05:01
is going to put out its first
space probe later this year.
space probe later this year.
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將在今年發射第一架太空探測器。
05:05
It was a fraction of a NASA spaceship,
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無論在體積和成本上，
05:09
it costs a fraction of its cost,
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和 NASA 的相比是小巫見大巫，
05:12
and it's made with less than a dozen moving parts,
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少用了十幾個零件，
05:16
and it's going to be out in space later this year.
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將在今年升空。
05:20
Google is taking on this very audacious project
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Google 正在進行一個大膽的計畫：
05:23
of making the block phone, the Ara.
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「拼裝手機 Ara」。
05:26
It's only possible because of the development
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這個計畫，
因為「快速 3D列印」的發展成為可能。
05:28
of high-speed 3D printing that for the first time
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開始能做出有功能的、
05:31
will make functional, usable modules
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可拼裝零組件。
05:35
that will go into it.
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05:36
A real moonshot, powered by 3D printing.
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由 3D 列印成就的一個「登月計畫」。
05:40
How about food?
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那食物呢？
05:42
What if we could, for the first time,
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想像一下我們能夠製造出
05:45
make incredible delectables
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色香味俱全的食物，
05:48
like this beautiful TED Teddy here,
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就像這隻 TED 泰迪熊，
05:53
that are edible?
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它真的可以吃。
05:54
What if we could completely
change the experience,
change the experience,
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或著我們能完全改變
印象中的苦艾酒滴酒器，
05:58
like you see with that absinthe serving
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變成 3D 列印的全新樣貌。
06:02
that is completely 3D printed?
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06:06
And what if we could begin to put ingredients
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然後也許我們每一口，
都嚐得到食材的顏色和氣味；
06:10
and colors and flavors in every taste,
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06:14
which means not only delicious foods
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不只是在享受美味，
06:17
but the promise of personalized nutrition
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同時也吃得到量身打造的必需營養。
06:20
around the corner?
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這讓我想到了 3D 列印最大的特點：
06:22
And that gets me to one of the
biggest deals about 3D printing.
biggest deals about 3D printing.
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06:25
With 3D printing, complexity is free.
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再也沒有「很難做」這回事。
06:28
The printer doesn't care
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印表機根本不管
你要印的是結構最簡陋，
06:31
if it makes the most rudimentary shape
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還是最複雜的產品。
06:33
or the most complex shape,
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06:35
and that is completely turning design
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這完全顛覆了
我們對「設計」和「製造」的理解。
06:39
and manufacturing on its head as we know it.
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很多人覺得 3D 列印
06:42
Many people think that 3D printing will be
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會終結所謂的製造業。
06:45
the end of manufacturing as we know it.
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我反而覺得這是一個轉機，
06:48
I think that it's the opportunity to put
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讓年輕人發展新技術，
06:51
tomorrow's technology in the hands of youngsters
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並創造大量的就業機會。
06:54
that will create endless abundance
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06:57
of job opportunities,
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06:59
and with that,
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而且，
所有人都可以藉此
07:01
everybody can become an expert maker
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變成專業的工匠和製造商。
07:04
and an expert manufacturer.
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07:06
That will take new tools.
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但這需要新的工具。
不是每個人都會用電腦繪圖軟體，
07:08
Not everybody knows how to use CAD,
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07:11
so we're developing haptics,
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所以我們在研發
「觸控式感應儀」，
07:13
perceptual devices
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07:15
that will allow you to touch
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讓你去觸摸、
07:16
and feel your designs
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感受你的設計，
07:18
as if you play with digital clay.
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就像是數位化的黏土。
而另一方面呢，
07:21
When you do things like that,
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07:23
and we also developed things that take
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還有這個類似拍立得的
07:25
physical photographs that are instantly printable,
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「3D 影印機」。
07:27
it will make it easier to create content,
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可以方便製造出照到的東西。
07:30
but with all of the unimagined,
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雖然很神奇又便利，
07:33
we will also have the unintended,
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我們也有特殊設計的
07:35
like democratized counterfeiting
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「民主化」反盜版程式，
07:41
and ubiquitous illegal possession.
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防止非法剽竊。
很多人會問：
07:44
So many people ask me,
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07:45
will we have a 3D printer in every home?
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「以後家家戶戶都會有 3D 印表機嗎？」
07:48
I think it's the wrong question to ask.
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我覺得不是這麼說，
07:50
The right question to ask is,
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該問的是：
07:51
how will 3D printing change my life?
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「3D 列印會怎麼改變我們的生活？」
07:55
Or, in other words, what room in my house
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或說：
「家中哪裡可以放 3D 列印的產品？」
07:57
will 3D printing fit in?
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07:59
So everything that you see here
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你現在看到的這些，
08:01
has been 3D printed,
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都是用 3D 列印做的。
08:04
including these shoes
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包括這雙，
在「阿姆斯特丹時裝周」展過的鞋。
08:07
at the Amsterdam fashion show.
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08:09
Now, these are not my grandfather's shoes.
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這和我祖父做的鞋大不相同，
這雙鞋代表的是他對
08:13
These are shoes that represent
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08:14
the continuation of his passion
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「超地方化」製鞋業熱情的延續。
08:16
for hyper-local manufacturing.
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我祖父沒有機會看到，
08:19
My grandfather didn't get to see Nike
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3D 列印的 Nike 美式足球鞋，
08:24
printing cleats for the recent Super Bowl,
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在剛結束的超級盃大展身手。
08:29
and my father didn't get to see me standing
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我父親也沒機會看到，
08:32
in my hybridized 3D printed shoes.
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我穿這雙 3D 列印的多功能鞋。
08:35
He passed away three years ago.
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他三年前過世了。
08:38
But Chuck Hull, the man that invented it all,
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但讓這一切美夢成真的
查克‧赫爾今天就坐在台下。
08:41
is right here in the house today,
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08:43
and thanks to him,
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多虧有他、
歸功於他的發明，
08:45
I can say, thanks to his invention, I can say
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我可以大聲說：「我也是鞋匠。」
08:48
that I am a cobbler too,
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08:50
and by standing in these shoes
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穿著這雙鞋，
我一面向前人致敬，
08:52
I am honoring my past
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08:55
while manufacturing the future.
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同時編織未來。
08:57
Thank you.
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謝謝！
08:58
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Avi Reichental - 3D printerAt XponentialWorks, Avi Reichental is helping to imagine a future where 3D scanning-and-printing is an everyday act -- where food, clothing and objects are routinely output at home.
Why you should listen
Avi Reichental is the founder and CEO of XponentialWorks, a venture, advisory and product development company specializing in 3D printing and other exponential technologies. From 2003-2015, he was the CEO of 3D Systems, transforming the company into a global leader in the field of rapid prototyping. He envisions a 3D printer in every house.
Reichental holds numerous leadership positions at a range of 3D printing companies, including founder and CEO of Nexa 3D; chairman of Nano Dimension; and co-founder and executive chairman of NXT Factory.
Read his thought leadership articles at Forbes, Fortune, TechCrunch and Money Inc. and check out his video library.
Avi Reichental | Speaker | TED.com