ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Karima Bennoune - Professor of international law
Karima Bennoune's new book introduces the world to people who speak out against fundamentalist terrorism.

Why you should listen

Karima Bennoune is a professor of international law at the University of California–Davis School of Law. She grew up in Algeria and the United States and now lives in northern California.

She has published widely in many leading academic journals, as well as in the Guardian, The New York Times, Comment is Free, the website of Al Jazeera English, The Nation. The topic of her most recent publication ‘Your Fatwa Does Not Apply Here’ is a very personal one for her. Her father Mahfoud Bennoune was an outspoken professor at the University of Algiers, and faced death threats during the 1990s, but continued speaking out against fundamentalism and terrorism. In writing this book, Karima set out to meet people who are today doing what her father did back then, to try to garner for them greater international support than Algerian democrats received during the 1990s.

She has served as a member of the Executive Council of the American Society of International Law and on the board of directors of Amnesty International USA. Currently, she sits on the Board of the Network of Women Living Under Muslim Laws. She has also been a consultant on human rights issues for the International Council on Human Rights Policy, the Soros Foundation, the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, and for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Her human rights field missions have included Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Fiji, Lebanon, Pakistan, South Korea, southern Thailand, and Tunisia.

She traveled to Algeria in February 2011 to serve as an observer at pro-democracy protests with the support of the Urgent Action Fund for Women’s Human Rights, writing a series of articles about these events for the Guardian. In October 2011, she volunteered as an election observer during the Tunisian constituent assembly elections with Gender Concerns International.

More profile about the speaker
Karima Bennoune | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxExeter

Karima Bennoune: When people of Muslim heritage challenge fundamentalism

卡里瑪.貝努姆: 恐怖主義沒有成為頭條的那一面

Filmed:
1,504,177 views

卡里瑪.貝努姆分享四則充滿力量的真實故事,其中人們在自己的社群中奮力反抗基本教義派,拒絕讓自己深愛的信仰成為犯罪、攻擊與謀殺的工具。這些人的故事為世界上其中一個最受忽視的人權問題增添了人性的色彩。
- Professor of international law
Karima Bennoune's new book introduces the world to people who speak out against fundamentalist terrorism. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Could I protect保護 my father父親
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我能保護父親
免受伊斯蘭武裝組織傷害,
就憑一支水果刀嗎?
00:13
from the Armed武裝 Islamic清真 Group with a paring削皮 knife?
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3175
00:17
That was the question I faced面對
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這是我曾面對的問題,
00:18
one Tuesday星期二 morning早上 in June六月 of 1993,
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那是 1993 年 6 月某個星期二的早晨,
00:21
when I was a law student學生.
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當時我還是法律系學生。
00:23
I woke醒來 up early that morning早上
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那天早上我起得早,
00:25
in Dad's爸爸的 apartment公寓
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我在父親的公寓裡,
00:26
on the outskirts郊區 of Algiers阿爾及爾, Algeria阿爾及利亞,
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在阿爾及利亞的阿爾及爾郊區,
00:28
to an unrelenting無情 pounding重擊 on the front面前 door.
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前門不斷傳來重擊聲。
00:31
It was a season季節 as described描述 by a local本地 paper
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地方報形容這個季節
00:34
when every一切 Tuesday星期二 a scholar學者 fell下跌
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每週二都會有位學者
00:37
to the bullets子彈 of fundamentalist原教旨主義 assassins刺客.
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死在基本教義派刺客的子彈下。
00:40
My father's父親的 university大學 teaching教學 of Darwin達爾文
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我父親在大學教的達爾文課程
00:43
had already已經 provoked a classroom課堂 visit訪問
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激怒了一位旁聽者,
00:45
from the head of the so-called所謂
Islamic清真 Salvation救恩 Front面前,
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他來自所謂的伊斯蘭拯救陣線總部,
00:48
who denounced譴責 Dad as an advocate主張 of biologism生物學化
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譴責我父親是生物中心論的擁護者之後,
00:51
before Dad had ejected噴出 the man,
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我父親才將他趕出教室。
00:54
and now whoever was outside
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而現在不管門外站的是誰,
00:55
would neither也不 identify鑑定 himself他自己 nor也不 go away.
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他都不會表明身分,也不會離開。
00:58
So my father父親 tried試著 to get the police警察 on the phone電話,
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我父親試著打電話叫警察,
01:01
but perhaps也許 terrified by the rising升起 tide浪潮
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但也許警察被高漲的情勢嚇到,
01:03
of armed武裝 extremism極端主義 that had already已經 claimed聲稱
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因為武裝極端主義已經奪去
01:06
the lives生活 of so many許多 Algerian阿爾及利亞人 officers長官,
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非常多阿爾及利亞警官的性命,
01:08
they didn't even answer回答.
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沒有人接聽電話。
01:11
And that was when I went to the kitchen廚房,
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那時我去廚房,
01:13
got out a paring削皮 knife,
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拿出一支水果刀,
01:14
and took up a position位置 inside the entryway入口.
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在大門前擺好姿勢。
01:17
It was a ridiculous荒謬 thing to do, really,
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其實做這件事很蠢,
01:19
but I couldn't不能 think of anything else其他,
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但我想不到還能做什麼,
01:21
and so there I stood站在.
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只好就站在那。
01:23
When I look back now, I think
that that was the moment時刻
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現在回過頭看,我想就是那一刻
01:26
that set me on the path路徑 was to writing寫作 a book
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讓我決定寫一本書,
01:28
called "Your Fatwa法特瓦 Does Not Apply應用 Here:
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書名是《你的伊斯蘭教令不適用於此:
01:31
Untold不為人知 Stories故事 from the Fight鬥爭
Against反對 Muslim穆斯林 Fundamentalism原教旨主義."
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對抗伊斯蘭教基本教義派
不為人知的故事》。
01:35
The title標題 comes from a Pakistani巴基斯坦 play.
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標題源自於巴基斯坦戲劇。
01:38
I think it was actually其實 that moment時刻
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我想正是那個時刻
01:41
that sent發送 me on the journey旅程
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讓我展開一段旅程,
01:43
to interview訪問 300 people of Muslim穆斯林 heritage遺產
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訪問三百位穆斯林出身的人,
01:45
from nearly幾乎 30 countries國家,
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他們來自三十個國家,
01:47
from Afghanistan阿富汗 to Mali馬里,
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從阿富汗到馬利,
01:49
to find out how they fought戰鬥 fundamentalism原教旨主義
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我找出他們如何
和平對抗基本教義派,
01:52
peacefully安然 like my father父親 did,
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就跟我父親一樣,
01:54
and how they coped應對 with the attendant服務員 risks風險.
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以及他們如何設法解決
伴隨而來的風險。
01:58
Luckily, back in June六月 of 1993,
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幸運的是,1993 年 6 月
02:00
our unidentified未確認的 visitor遊客 went away,
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那位未表明身分的訪客離開了,
02:03
but other families家庭 were so much less lucky幸運,
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但其他家庭可沒那麼幸運,
02:06
and that was the thought
that motivated動機 my research研究.
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就是這個想法驅使我做研究。
02:10
In any case案件, someone有人 would return返回
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無論是哪種情況,
幾個月後都會有人回來,
02:11
a few少數 months個月 later後來 and leave離開 a note注意
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在我父親的餐桌上留張紙條,
02:13
on Dad's爸爸的 kitchen廚房 table,
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02:14
which哪一個 simply只是 said, "Consider考慮 yourself你自己 dead."
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上面寫著:「準備幫自己辦後事。」
02:18
Subsequently後來, Algeria's阿爾及利亞
fundamentalist原教旨主義 armed武裝 groups
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隨後,阿爾及利亞的
基本教義派武裝團體
02:21
would murder謀殺 as many許多 as 200,000 civilians老百姓
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謀殺二十萬名老百姓,
02:24
in what came來了 to be known已知
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這是後來我們所知
02:26
as the dark黑暗 decade of the 1990s,
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1990 年代的黑暗十年,
02:29
including包含 every一切 single one
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亡者包括你在這裡可以
看到的每一位女性。
02:31
of the women婦女 that you see here.
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02:34
In its harsh苛刻 counterterrorist反恐 response響應,
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而在嚴酷的反恐對策中,
02:37
the state resorted使出 to torture拷打
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政府訴諸酷刑與強迫失蹤,
02:39
and to forced被迫 disappearances失踪,
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和這些事件一樣恐怖的是
02:40
and as terrible可怕 as all of these events事件 became成為,
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02:44
the international國際 community社區 largely大部分 ignored忽視 them.
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國際間大多忽視他們。
02:47
Finally最後, my father父親, an Algerian阿爾及利亞人
peasant's農民 son兒子 turned轉身 professor教授,
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最後,我的父親,
身為教授的阿爾及利亞農民之子,
02:51
was forced被迫 to stop teaching教學 at the university大學
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被迫停止在大學教書,
02:53
and to flee逃跑 his apartment公寓,
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並要他的從公寓消失,
02:55
but what I will never forget忘記
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但我永遠忘不了的是
02:57
about MahfoudMahfoud BennouneBennoune, my dad,
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馬福.班努尼,我的父親,
02:59
was that like so many許多 other Algerian阿爾及利亞人 intellectuals知識分子,
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就像許多阿爾及利亞的知識分子一樣
03:02
he refused拒絕 to leave離開 the country國家
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拒絕離開祖國,
03:03
and he continued繼續 to publish發布 pointed criticisms批評,
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而且他持續發表尖銳評論,
03:06
both of the fundamentalists原教旨主義者
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他們與基本教義派作戰,
03:08
and sometimes有時 of the government政府 they battled作戰.
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也不時與政府作戰。
03:11
For example, in a November十一月 1994 series系列
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例如《國家報》1994 年 11 月的系列報導
03:15
in the newspaper報紙 El薩爾瓦多 Watan祖國報
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03:17
entitled標題 "How Fundamentalism原教旨主義
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題為<基本教義派如何
無先例地製造出恐怖主義>
03:18
Produced生成 a Terrorism恐怖主義 without Precedent先例,"
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03:22
he denounced譴責 what he called
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他譴責所謂的
03:23
the terrorists'恐怖分子“ radical激進 break打破 with the true真正 Islam伊斯蘭教
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恐怖主義激進分子破壞了
03:26
as it was lived生活 by our ancestors祖先.
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長久以來先民遵循的伊斯蘭真理。
03:29
These were words that could get you killed殺害.
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這些字眼可能會讓你喪命。
03:32
My father's父親的 country國家 taught me
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我父親的祖國教我,
03:33
in that dark黑暗 decade of the 1990s that
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在那黑暗的 90 年代,
03:36
the popular流行 struggle鬥爭 against反對 Muslim穆斯林 fundamentalism原教旨主義
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扺抗穆斯林基本教義派的浪潮
03:39
is one of the most important重要
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是世界上最重要
03:41
and overlooked忽視 human人的 rights權利 struggles鬥爭
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且被忽視的人權抗爭之一,
03:44
in the world世界.
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03:45
This remains遺跡 true真正 today今天, nearly幾乎 20 years年份 later後來.
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即使將近二十年後的今日仍是如此。
03:49
You see, in every一切 country國家
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你看,不管在哪個國家
03:51
where you hear about armed武裝 jihadis聖戰者
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你都會聽到武裝聖戰者
03:52
targeting針對 civilians老百姓,
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針對平民百姓,
03:54
there are also unarmed徒手 people
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也有很多手無寸鐵的人民
03:56
defying不畏 those militants武裝分子 that you don't hear about,
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公然反抗那些激進分子,只是你沒聽過,
03:59
and those people need our support支持 to succeed成功.
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那些人需要我們的支持才能成功。
04:03
In the West西, it's often經常 assumed假定
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西方國家通常都認為
04:05
that Muslims穆斯林 generally通常 condone縱容 terrorism恐怖主義.
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穆斯林普遍都會容忍恐怖行動。
04:08
Some on the right think this because they view視圖
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有些右翼者這樣想是因為他們認為
04:10
Muslim穆斯林 culture文化 as inherently本質 violent暴力,
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伊斯蘭教文化與生俱來就很暴力,
04:12
and some on the left imagine想像 this
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有些左翼者這樣想是因為
04:14
because they view視圖 Muslim穆斯林 violence暴力,
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他們認為穆斯林暴力、
04:16
fundamentalist原教旨主義 violence暴力,
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基本教義派的暴力,
04:17
solely獨自 as a product產品 of legitimate合法 grievances委屈.
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完全是合理的怨憤產物。
04:21
But both views意見 are dead wrong錯誤.
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但這兩種觀點都大錯特錯。
04:23
In fact事實, many許多 people of Muslim穆斯林 heritage遺產
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事實上許多生來就是伊斯蘭教徒的人
04:25
around the world世界 are staunch堅定 opponents對手
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在世界各地都堅決反對
基本主義和恐怖主義,
04:28
both of fundamentalism原教旨主義 and of terrorism恐怖主義,
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04:31
and often經常 for very good reason原因.
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而且通常都有很好的理由。
04:34
You see, they're much more likely容易 to be victims受害者
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你看,他們更像是暴力受害者,
04:36
of this violence暴力 than its perpetrators肇事者.
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而非加害者。
04:39
Let me just give you one example.
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我舉個例子。
04:41
According根據 to a 2009 survey調查
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根據一份 2009 年
04:44
of Arabic阿拉伯 language語言 media媒體 resources資源,
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阿拉伯語的媒體調查,
04:46
between之間 2004 and 2008,
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在 2004 年到 2008 年間,
04:49
no more than 15 percent百分 of al Qaeda's阿爾蓋達 victims受害者
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蓋達組織的受害者中,不到 15%
04:52
were Westerners西方人.
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是歐美人。
04:54
That's a terrible可怕 toll收費, but the vast廣大 majority多數
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那是很恐怖的死亡人數,
但大多數人生下來就是穆斯林,
04:57
were people of Muslim穆斯林 heritage遺產,
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04:59
killed殺害 by Muslim穆斯林 fundamentalists原教旨主義者.
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卻被穆斯林基本主義者所殺害。
05:01
Now I've been talking for the last five minutes分鐘
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我已經談了五分鐘基本教義派,
05:04
about fundamentalism原教旨主義, and you have a right to know
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而你們有權知道
05:07
exactly究竟 what I mean.
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我真正要傳達的意思。
05:08
I cite引用 the definition定義 given特定 by the Algerian阿爾及利亞人 sociologist社會學家
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我引用的定義出自
阿爾及利亞社會學家
瑪麗梅.艾利.魯卡斯,
05:12
MariemeMarieme HelieHelie Lucas盧卡斯,
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05:14
and she says that fundamentalisms原教旨主義,
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她說眾多的基本教義派,
05:17
note注意 the "s," so within all of the world's世界
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注意「眾多」,
在全世界的重要宗教傳統中,
05:19
great religious宗教 traditions傳統,
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05:21
"fundamentalisms原教旨主義 are political政治
movements運動 of the extreme極端 right
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「眾多的基本教義派
都是極右派的政治運動,
05:25
which哪一個 in a context上下文 of globalization全球化
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在全球化的背景下
05:27
manipulate操作 religion宗教 in order訂購 to achieve實現
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操控宗教,
來達成他們的政治目的。」
05:30
their political政治 aims目標."
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05:31
Sadia薩迪亞 Abbas阿巴斯 has called this the radical激進 politicization政治
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薩迪亞.阿巴斯稱此為
宗教理論的極端政治化。
05:35
of theology神學.
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05:37
Now I want to avoid避免 projecting突出 the notion概念
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我想儘量避免投射出某種想法,
05:39
that there's sort分類 of a monolith整體 out there
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那就是有種龐大的組織
05:41
called Muslim穆斯林 fundamentalism原教旨主義
that is the same相同 everywhere到處,
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稱為穆斯林基本教義派,在各地都一樣,
05:44
because these movements運動
also have their diversities多樣性.
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因為這些運動也各有不同。
05:47
Some use and advocate主張 violence暴力.
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有一些使用與提倡暴力,
05:49
Some do not, though雖然 they're often經常 interrelated相關.
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有些則不然,雖然他們常相互影響。
05:52
They take different不同 forms形式.
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他們都有不同的形式。
05:53
Some may可能 be non-governmental民間 organizations組織,
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有些也許是非政府組織,
05:56
even here in Britain英國 like CageprisonersCageprisoners.
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即使在英國這裡,
像是伊斯蘭教囚犯組織。
05:59
Some may可能 become成為 political政治 parties派對,
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有些則成為政黨,
06:01
like the Muslim穆斯林 Brotherhood手足情誼,
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像是穆斯林兄弟會,
06:02
and some may可能 be openly公然 armed武裝 groups
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有些可能是公開的武裝團體,
06:04
like the Taliban塔利班.
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像是塔利班。
06:06
But in any case案件, these are all radical激進 projects項目.
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但不論是哪一種,這些都是激進的化身。
06:09
They're not conservative保守 or traditional傳統 approaches方法.
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那不是保守或傳統的手段,
06:12
They're most often經常 about changing改變
people's人們 relationship關係 with Islam伊斯蘭教
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也往往改變大眾與伊斯蘭教的關係,
06:15
rather than preserving it.
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而非保護這段關係。
06:17
What I am talking about is the Muslim穆斯林 extreme極端 right,
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我指的是穆斯林的極右派,
06:20
and the fact事實 that its adherents信徒 are
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以及它的追隨者
06:22
or purport旨趣 to be Muslim穆斯林
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自稱是穆斯林的這個事實,
06:24
makes品牌 them no less offensive進攻
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不會讓他們的攻擊性
06:26
than the extreme極端 right anywhere隨地 else其他.
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少於任何地方的極右派人士。
06:28
So in my view視圖, if we consider考慮 ourselves我們自己
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因此在我看來,如果我們自認為
06:30
liberal自由主義的 or left-wing左翼,
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自由主義者或左派人士,
06:32
human人的 rights-loving版權愛 or feminist女權主義者,
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愛好人權者或女性主義者,
06:34
we must必須 oppose反對 these movements運動
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我們都必須反對這些運動,
06:36
and support支持 their grassroots基層 opponents對手.
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並支持反抗他們的平民百姓。
06:39
Now let me be clear明確
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我先聲明,
06:41
that I support支持 an effective有效 struggle鬥爭
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我支持實際的抗爭
06:43
against反對 fundamentalism原教旨主義,
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來抵抗基本教義派,
06:45
but also a struggle鬥爭 that must必須 itself本身
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但抗爭也一定要
06:47
respect尊重 international國際 law,
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尊重國際法,
06:49
so nothing I am saying should be taken採取
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因此我所說的一切都不應該被視為
06:51
as a justification理由 for refusals拒絕
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拒絕民主化的辯解,
06:53
to democratize民主化,
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06:55
and here I send發送 out a shout-out喊出來 of support支持
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在此,我要公開聲援
06:57
to the pro-democracy親民主 movement運動
in Algeria阿爾及利亞 today今天, Barakat巴拉卡特.
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今天在阿爾及利亞
巴拉卡的親民主運動。
07:02
Nor也不 should anything I say be taken採取
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我所說的一切也不該被視為
07:04
as a justification理由 of violations違規 of human人的 rights權利,
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侵犯人權的辯解,
07:07
like the mass death死亡 sentences句子
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像是本週前幾天
在埃及的大批死刑宣判。
07:08
handed out in Egypt埃及 earlier this week.
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07:11
But what I am saying
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我想表達的是
07:12
is that we must必須 challenge挑戰 these
Muslim穆斯林 fundamentalist原教旨主義 movements運動
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我們必須挑戰這些
穆斯林基本教義派的運動,
07:16
because they threaten威脅 human人的 rights權利
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因為他們危害人權,
07:18
across橫過 Muslim-majority穆斯林佔多數 contexts上下文,
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充斥在以穆斯林為主的社會中,
07:20
and they do this in a range範圍 of ways方法,
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他們運用各種方式,
07:23
most obviously明顯 with the direct直接 attacks攻擊 on civilians老百姓
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直接攻擊平民百姓,
最顯見的就是
07:26
by the armed武裝 groups that carry攜帶 those out.
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透過武裝團體執行各種任務。
07:28
But that violence暴力 is just the tip小費 of the iceberg冰山.
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但那樣的暴力只是冰山一角。
07:31
These movements運動 as a whole整個 purveypurvey discrimination區別
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這些運動普遍都宣揚
歧視宗教弱勢與性別弱勢。
07:34
against反對 religious宗教 minorities少數民族 and sexual有性 minorities少數民族.
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07:37
They seek尋求 to curtail縮短 the freedom自由 of religion宗教
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他們企圖削減大家的宗教自由,
07:39
of everyone大家 who either practices做法 in a different不同 way
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針對那些用不同方式實踐
07:42
or chooses not to practice實踐.
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或是選擇不去實踐的人。
07:44
And most defininglydefiningly, they lead an all-out全力以赴 war戰爭
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最明確的是,
他們引領對女權的全面戰爭。
07:47
on the rights權利 of women婦女.
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07:49
Now, faced面對 with these movements運動
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面對近年來的這些運動,
07:51
in recent最近 years年份, Western西 discourse演講
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西方論述最常提出
07:53
has most often經常 offered提供
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07:54
two flawed有缺陷 responses回复.
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兩種錯誤的反應。
07:57
The first that one sometimes有時 finds認定 on the right
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第一種,時常出自右翼人士,
07:59
suggests提示 that most Muslims穆斯林 are fundamentalist原教旨主義
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他們會說大多數的穆斯林
都是基本主義者,
08:02
or something about Islam伊斯蘭教 is
inherently本質 fundamentalist原教旨主義,
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或和伊斯蘭教有關的事
骨子裡都是基本教義派,
08:05
and this is just offensive進攻 and wrong錯誤,
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這很冒犯,也不正確,
08:08
but unfortunately不幸 on the left
one sometimes有時 encounters遭遇
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但不幸的是,從左翼者那邊也常碰到
08:11
a discourse演講 that is too politically政治上 correct正確
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一種過於政治正確的說法,
08:13
to acknowledge確認 the problem問題 of
Muslim穆斯林 fundamentalism原教旨主義 at all
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以致於完全無法承認
穆斯林基本教義的問題,
08:17
or, even worse更差, apologizes道歉 for it,
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更糟的是,無法為問題致歉,
08:19
and this is unacceptable不可接受 as well.
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這也讓人無法接受。
08:22
So what I'm seeking is a new way
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因此我想找的是一種新的方式,
08:24
of talking about this all together一起,
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能夠一併討論所有問題,
08:26
which哪一個 is grounded接地 in the lived生活 experiences經驗
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並且是根植在生活經驗中,
08:29
and the hope希望 of the people on the front面前 lines.
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以及前線人們的希望之中。
08:32
I'm painfully痛苦 aware知道的 that there has been
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我很痛苦地意識到
近年來對穆斯林的歧視與日俱增,
08:34
an increase增加 in discrimination區別
against反對 Muslims穆斯林 in recent最近 years年份
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502010
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08:37
in countries國家 like the U.K. and the U.S.,
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像是在英國、美國,
08:39
and that too is a matter of grave concern關心,
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這也是極度令人憂心的問題,
08:42
but I firmly牢牢 believe
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但我堅信
08:43
that telling告訴 these counter-stereotypical反定型 stories故事
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訴說這些不同於刻板印象、
08:46
of people of Muslim穆斯林 heritage遺產
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關於穆斯林的故事,
08:48
who have confronted面對 the fundamentalists原教旨主義者
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他們對抗基本主義者,
且成為首當其衝的受害者,
08:50
and been their primary victims受害者
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述說他們的故事
也是種反抗歧視的好方式。
08:52
is also a great way of countering反制 that discrimination區別.
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08:56
So now let me introduce介紹 you
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因此,現在讓我為各位介紹四個人,
08:58
to four people whose誰的 stories故事
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我很榮幸能與各位分享他們的故事。
09:00
I had the great honor榮譽 of telling告訴.
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09:03
FaizanFaizan PeerzadaPeerzada and the Rafi拉菲 Peer窺視 Theatre劇院
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法山.皮扎達與以他父親為名的
拉菲皮爾劇院工作坊,
09:05
workshop作坊 named命名 for his father父親
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2002
09:07
have for years年份 promoted提拔 the performing執行 arts藝術
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已多年在巴基斯坦推廣表演藝術。
09:09
in Pakistan巴基斯坦.
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09:11
With the rise上升 of jihadist聖戰 violence暴力,
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隨著聖戰暴力的崛起,
09:13
they began開始 to receive接收 threats威脅
222
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他們開始被威脅終止活動,
09:14
to call off their events事件, which哪一個 they refused拒絕 to heed注意.
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但他們拒絕服從。
09:17
And so a bomber轟炸機 struck來襲 their 2008
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因此,一枚炸彈攻擊了
2008 年舉行的第八屆
世界拉合爾表演藝術嘉年華,
09:21
eighth第八 world世界 performing執行 arts藝術 festival in Lahore拉合爾,
225
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09:24
producing生產 rain of glass玻璃
226
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如雨落下的玻璃碎片
在事發現場
09:25
that fell下跌 into the venue會場
227
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09:27
injuring受傷 nine people,
228
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造成九個人受傷,
09:29
and later後來 that same相同 night,
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隨後在同一天晚上,
09:30
the PeerzadasPeerzadas made製作 a very difficult decision決定:
230
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皮扎達做了一個非常艱難的決定,
09:33
they announced公佈 that their festival
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他們宣布嘉年華
09:35
would continue繼續 as planned計劃 the next下一個 day.
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隔天如期舉行。
09:38
As FaizanFaizan said at the time,
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如同法山當時所說,
09:40
if we bow down to the Islamists伊斯蘭教徒,
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如果我們對伊斯蘭教徒低頭,
09:42
we'll just be sitting坐在 in a dark黑暗 corner.
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未來就只能坐在陰暗的角落。
09:45
But they didn't know what would happen發生.
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但是他們不知道會發生什麼事,
09:47
Would anyone任何人 come?
237
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會有人來嗎?
09:49
In fact事實, thousands數千 of people came來了 out the next下一個 day
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事實上,隔天有成千上萬人前來拉合爾
09:52
to support支持 the performing執行 arts藝術 in Lahore拉合爾,
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支持這場表演藝術,
09:54
and this simultaneously同時 thrilled高興
240
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1845
這也讓法山感到激動又害怕,
09:56
and terrified FaizanFaizan,
241
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1822
09:58
and he ran up to a woman女人
242
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1453
他跑到一名帶著兩個孩子
來參加的女士面前,
09:59
who had come in with her two small children孩子,
243
587997
2217
10:02
and he said, "You do know there
was a bomb炸彈 here yesterday昨天,
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他說:「你知道昨天這裡有炸彈攻擊吧?
10:05
and you do know there's a threat威脅 here today今天."
245
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你知道今天這裡有恐怖威脅吧?」
10:07
And she said, "I know that,
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她說:「我知道,
10:09
but I came來了 to your festival
247
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但我和母親一起
參加過你辦的嘉年華,
10:11
with my mother母親 when I was their age年齡,
248
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那時候我和他們一樣小,
10:13
and I still have those images圖片 in my mind心神.
249
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那些影像至今還印在我心上,
10:16
We have to be here."
250
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我們一定要參加。」
10:18
With stalwart偉岸 audiences觀眾 like this,
251
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有像她這樣勇敢的觀眾,
10:20
the PeerzadasPeerzadas were able能夠 to conclude得出結論
252
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讓皮扎達最終能
如期完成他們的嘉年華。
10:22
their festival on schedule時間表.
253
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10:24
And then the next下一個 year,
254
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隔年,
10:26
they lost丟失 all of their sponsors贊助商
255
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他們失去了所有的贊助商,
10:27
due應有 to the security安全 risk風險.
256
615889
2369
原因是安全考量。
10:30
So when I met會見 them in 2010,
257
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2300
後來我在 2010 年和他們碰面,
10:32
they were in the middle中間 of the first subsequent隨後 event事件
258
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他們正在籌辦下一次的活動,
10:34
that they were able能夠 to have in the same相同 venue會場,
259
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3066
在同一個地方舉辦,
10:37
and this was the ninth第九 youth青年 performing執行 arts藝術 festival
260
625910
3264
也就是第九屆的青年表演藝術嘉年華,
10:41
held保持 in Lahore拉合爾 in a year when that city
261
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在拉合爾舉行,
那年當地已歷經了 44 次的恐怖攻擊。
10:44
had already已經 experienced有經驗的 44 terror恐怖 attacks攻擊.
262
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10:48
This was a time when the Pakistani巴基斯坦 Taliban塔利班
263
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那個時候正是巴基斯坦的塔利班
10:50
had commenced開始 their systematic系統的 targeting針對
264
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1817
開始有系統地以女子學校為目標,
10:52
of girls'女孩 schools學校 that would culminate高潮
265
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2208
最後引發對馬拉拉的攻擊事件。
10:54
in the attack攻擊 on Malala馬拉拉 YousafzaiYousafzai.
266
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2759
10:57
What did the PeerzadasPeerzadas do in that environment環境?
267
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皮扎達在那種環境下做了什麼?
11:01
They staged上演 girls'女孩 school學校 theater劇院.
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他們安排了女子校園劇院。
11:04
So I had the privilege特權 of watching觀看 "NaangNaang Wal沃爾瑪,"
269
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2812
我有幸觀賞《結》,
11:07
which哪一個 was a musical音樂 in the Punjabi旁遮普 language語言,
270
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那是用旁遮普語表演的歌舞劇,
11:10
and the girls女孩 of Lahore拉合爾 Grammar語法 School學校
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拉合爾文理學校的女學生
11:11
played發揮 all the parts部分.
272
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1726
扮演所有的角色。
11:13
They sang and danced跳舞,
273
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1234
他們唱歌、跳舞,
11:14
they played發揮 the mice老鼠 and the water buffalo水牛,
274
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2658
扮演老鼠和水牛,
11:17
and I held保持 my breath呼吸, wondering想知道,
275
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2464
我屏息凝氣,
心想我們能不能看到
11:19
would we get to the end結束
276
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這場表演的最後一刻?
11:21
of this amazing驚人 show顯示?
277
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2286
11:23
And when we did, the whole整個 audience聽眾
278
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2556
結束時,
全場觀眾都鬆了一口氣,
11:26
collectively exhaled呼出,
279
674071
1738
11:27
and a few少數 people actually其實 wept哭泣,
280
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2264
有些人甚至流下眼淚,
11:30
and then they filled填充 the auditorium禮堂
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2523
後來,禮堂裡充滿大家的溫馨掌聲。
11:32
with the peaceful平靜的 boom繁榮 of their applause掌聲.
282
680596
2839
11:35
And I remember記得 thinking思維 in that moment時刻
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2987
在那當下我心想
11:38
that the bombers轟炸機 made製作 headlines新聞頭條 here
284
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炸彈客上了新聞頭條
11:40
two years年份 before
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不過是兩年前的事,
11:42
but this night and these people
286
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2364
但是今晚和這些人
11:44
are as important重要 a story故事.
287
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3291
也同是一樣重要的故事。
11:50
Maria瑪麗亞 Bashir巴希爾 is the first and only
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2480
瑪麗亞.巴希爾
是阿富汗首位,
也是目前唯一的女性總檢察長。
11:52
woman女人 chief首席 prosecutor原告 in Afghanistan阿富汗.
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11:56
She's been in the post崗位 since以來 2008
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704092
2214
她從 2008 年起任職,
11:58
and actually其實 opened打開 an office辦公室 to investigate調查
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706306
2186
並設立部門
調查針對女性的暴力案件,
12:00
cases of violence暴力 against反對 women婦女,
292
708492
1826
12:02
which哪一個 she says is the most important重要 area
293
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2258
她說那是她的任務中
最重要的一環。
12:04
in her mandate要求.
294
712576
1734
12:06
When I meet遇到 her in her office辦公室 in Herat赫拉特,
295
714310
3065
我和她在她的赫拉特辦公室碰面,
12:09
she enters進入 surrounded包圍 by
296
717375
1745
她進入時
被四位手持大型槍枝的
彪形大漢圍繞。
12:11
four large men男人 with four huge巨大 guns槍砲.
297
719120
3366
12:14
In fact事實, she now has 23 bodyguards保鏢,
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2964
其實現在她有 23 位保鑣,
12:17
because she has weathered風化 bomb炸彈 attacks攻擊
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725450
1420
因為她才剛經歷炸彈攻擊,
12:18
that nearly幾乎 killed殺害 her kids孩子,
300
726870
1678
她的孩子差點被炸死,
12:20
and it took the leg off of one of her guards衛士.
301
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3351
其中一位保鑣還失去一條腿。
12:23
Why does she continue繼續?
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2110
為什麼她還要繼續下去?
12:26
She says with a smile微笑 that that is the question
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2654
她面帶微笑,
說每個人都問她這個問題,
12:28
that everyone大家 asks
304
736663
2047
12:30
as she puts看跌期權 it, "Why you risk風險 not living活的?"
305
738710
3825
她是這樣描述的:
「為什麼你要冒這種生命危險?」
12:34
And it is simply只是 that for her,
306
742535
1639
對她來說這答案簡單明瞭,
12:36
a better future未來 for all the Maria瑪麗亞 BashirsBashirs to come
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3469
能替所有女性創造更美好的未來
12:39
is worth價值 the risk風險,
308
747643
1484
值得冒險,
12:41
and she knows知道 that if people like her
309
749127
1710
她知道如果像她這樣的人
12:42
do not take the risk風險,
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1915
不去冒險,
12:44
there will be no better future未來.
311
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2297
就不會有更好的未來。
12:47
Later後來 on in our interview訪問,
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1727
之後在我們的訪談中,
12:48
Prosecutor原告 Bashir巴希爾 tells告訴 me how worried擔心 she is
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2363
檢察長巴希爾告訴我她有多擔心
12:51
about the possible可能 outcome結果
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1519
政府和塔利班協商的可能結果,
12:52
of government政府 negotiations談判 with the Taliban塔利班,
315
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2499
12:55
the people who have been trying to kill her.
316
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2394
那些是曾試圖殺了她的人。
12:57
"If we give them a place地點 in the government政府,"
317
765551
1752
她問:「如果讓他們擔任公職,
12:59
she asks, "Who will protect保護 women's女士的 rights權利?"
318
767303
3217
誰來保護婦女的權利?」
13:02
And she urges衝動 the international國際 community社區
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2366
她鼓吹國際組織
13:04
not to forget忘記 its promise諾言 about women婦女
320
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2632
不要忘了對女性的承諾,
13:07
because now they want peace和平 with Taliban塔利班.
321
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3827
只因為他們現在希望與塔利班和平共處。
13:11
A few少數 weeks after I leave離開 Afghanistan阿富汗,
322
779345
2205
我離開阿富汗幾週後,
13:13
I see a headline標題 on the Internet互聯網.
323
781550
2875
看到一則網路頭條。
13:16
An Afghan阿富汗 prosecutor原告 has been assassinated暗殺.
324
784425
3605
阿富汗檢察官遇刺。
13:20
I google谷歌 desperately拼命,
325
788030
2136
我絕望地上網搜尋,
13:22
and thankfully感激地 that day I find out
326
790166
1674
謝天謝地,
瑪麗亞不是受害者,
13:23
that Maria瑪麗亞 was not the victim受害者,
327
791840
2086
13:25
though雖然 sadly可悲的是, another另一個 Afghan阿富汗 prosecutor原告
328
793926
2223
但讓人難過的是,另一位阿富汗檢察官
13:28
was gunned槍殺 down on his way to work.
329
796149
2031
在回家的路上被槍殺。
13:30
And when I hear headlines新聞頭條 like that now,
330
798180
2995
現在只要我聽到像那樣的頭條,
13:33
I think that as international國際 troops軍隊
331
801175
2298
我都會想,
在國際軍隊今年撤離阿富汗之後,
13:35
leave離開 Afghanistan阿富汗 this year and beyond,
332
803473
3048
13:38
we must必須 continue繼續 to care關心
333
806521
1906
我們仍須持續關心
13:40
about what happens發生 to people there,
334
808427
1433
那裡的人發生什麼事,
13:41
to all of the Maria瑪麗亞 BashirsBashirs.
335
809860
3026
以及像瑪麗亞那樣的女性發生什麼事。
13:44
Sometimes有時 I still hear her voice語音 in my head
336
812886
2613
有時候我仍聽見她的聲音
在我的腦海裡縈繞,
13:47
saying, with no bravado虛張聲勢 whatsoever任何,
337
815499
3081
她一點也不逞強地說:
13:50
"The situation情況 of the women婦女 of Afghanistan阿富汗
338
818580
2605
「阿富汗婦女的處境
13:53
will be better someday日後.
339
821185
1906
總有一天會更好。
13:55
We should prepare準備 the ground地面 for this,
340
823091
2235
我們應該為此打穩基礎,
13:57
even if we are killed殺害."
341
825326
2943
即使我們會因此喪命。」
14:01
There are no words adequate充足
342
829854
1648
沒有任何言語足以譴責
14:03
to denounce聲討 the al Shabaab青年黨 terrorists恐怖分子
343
831502
1976
索馬利亞青年黨的恐怖分子,
14:05
who attacked襲擊 the Westgate梅龍鎮 Mall購物中心 in Nairobi內羅畢
344
833478
2262
他們曾攻擊奈洛比的西門百貨,
14:07
on the same相同 day as a children's兒童 cooking烹飪 competition競爭
345
835740
3462
兒童廚藝大賽
就在 2013 年 9 月的同一天舉行。
14:11
in September九月 of 2013.
346
839202
2418
14:13
They killed殺害 67, including包含 poets詩人 and pregnant women婦女.
347
841620
4499
他們殺了 67 人,包括詩人和孕婦。
14:18
Far away in the American美國 Midwest中西部,
348
846119
2099
我在遙遠的美國中西部
14:20
I had the good fortune幸運 of meeting會議 Somali-Americans索馬里裔美國人
349
848218
2347
很好運碰到索馬利亞裔的美國人,
14:22
who were working加工 to counter計數器
the efforts努力 of al Shabaab青年黨
350
850565
2848
他們致力於反抗索馬利亞青年黨,
14:25
to recruit a small number of young年輕 people
351
853413
2224
避免他們召募故鄉
明尼亞波利斯的年輕人
14:27
from their city of Minneapolis明尼阿波利斯
352
855637
1944
14:29
to take part部分 in atrocities暴行 like Westgate梅龍鎮.
353
857581
3698
參與像西門百貨那樣的暴行。
14:33
AbdirizakAbdirizak Bihi'sBihi的 studious好學
354
861279
1960
阿迪里扎.畢希
有一位勤學的 17 歲姪子伯罕.哈桑
14:35
17-year-old-歲 nephew外甥 Burhan布爾汗 Hassan哈桑
355
863239
2889
14:38
was recruited應徵 here in 2008,
356
866128
2648
2008 年時在這裡被召募,
14:40
spirited烈性 to Somalia索馬里,
357
868776
1760
帶到索馬利亞,
14:42
and then killed殺害 when he tried試著 to come home.
358
870536
3370
後來在試圖回家時被殺身亡。
14:45
Since以來 that time, Mr先生. BihiBihi,
359
873906
1594
自那時起,
無預算管理索馬利亞
教育與提倡組織的畢希先生
14:47
who directs指導 the no-budget沒有預算 Somali索馬里
Education教育 and Advocacy擁護 Center中央,
360
875500
4253
14:51
has been vocally暢所欲言 denouncing譴責 the recruitment招聘
361
879753
2451
一直大聲譴責這種召募行動
14:54
and the failures故障 of government政府
362
882204
1856
和失敗的政府,
14:56
and Somali-American索馬里裔 institutions機構
363
884060
2219
以及索馬利裔美國人的機構,
14:58
like the Abubakar阿布巴卡爾 As-SaddiqueAS-Saddique Islamic清真 Center中央
364
886279
3025
像是阿布巴卡.阿斯-沙迪克
伊斯蘭教中心,
15:01
where he believes相信 his nephew外甥 was radicalized激進
365
889304
2231
他相信姪子就是在這個組織的
15:03
during a youth青年 program程序.
366
891535
2106
青年課程中被慫恿。
15:05
But he doesn't just criticize批評 the mosque清真寺.
367
893641
2153
但他不只是批判清真寺,
15:07
He also takes on the government政府
368
895794
1579
他也批判政府
15:09
for its failure失敗 to do more
369
897373
1785
未能努力
15:11
to prevent避免 poverty貧窮 in his community社區.
370
899158
2498
減少他們社群的貧窮。
15:13
Given特定 his own擁有 lack缺乏 of financial金融 resources資源,
371
901656
2289
考慮到拮据的經濟資源,
15:15
Mr先生. BihiBihi has had to be creative創作的.
372
903945
2311
畢許先生必須更有創意。
15:18
To counter計數器 the efforts努力 of al Shabaab青年黨
373
906256
1894
要抵抗索馬利亞青年黨
15:20
to sway搖擺 more disaffected抱不平的 youth青年,
374
908150
2385
不讓他們動搖更多不滿的青年,
15:22
in the wake喚醒 of the group's集團 2010 attack攻擊
375
910535
2435
在 2010 年青年黨攻擊
15:24
on World世界 Cup杯子 viewers觀眾 in Uganda烏干達,
376
912970
2594
烏干達世界盃的觀眾之後,
15:27
he organized有組織的 a Ramadan齋月 basketball籃球 tournament比賽
377
915564
3340
他策畫齋戒月籃球比賽,
15:30
in Minneapolis明尼阿波利斯 in response響應.
378
918904
2532
在明尼亞波利斯舉行
以回應該起攻擊。
15:33
Scores比分 of Somali-American索馬里裔 kids孩子 came來了 out
379
921436
2684
許多索馬利亞裔的美國孩童出來
15:36
to embrace擁抱 sport運動
380
924120
1388
投入運動懷抱,
15:37
despite儘管 the fatwa追殺令 against反對 it.
381
925508
2492
無視伊斯蘭領袖的命令。
15:40
They played發揮 basketball籃球
382
928000
1745
他們打籃球,
15:41
as Burhan布爾汗 Hassan哈桑 never would again.
383
929745
3867
但伯罕.哈桑卻無法再次打球。
15:45
For his efforts努力, Mr先生. BihiBihi has been ostracized排斥
384
933612
2650
畢希先生的努力
讓他因此被阿布巴卡.阿斯-沙迪克
伊斯蘭教中心的高層排擠,
15:48
by the leadership領導 of the Abubakar阿布巴卡爾
As-SaddiqueAS-Saddique Islamic清真 Center中央,
385
936262
3072
15:51
with which哪一個 he used to have good relations關係.
386
939334
2565
失去原來的友好關係。
15:53
He told me, "One day we saw the imam阿訇 on TV電視
387
941899
2386
他告訴我:「有天我看到
伊斯蘭教領袖在電視上,
15:56
calling調用 us infidels異教徒 and saying,
388
944285
2058
稱我們離經叛道,
還說『這些家人都試圖破壞清真寺。』」
15:58
'These families家庭 are trying to destroy破壞 the mosque清真寺.'"
389
946343
3569
16:01
This is at complete完成 odds可能性
390
949912
1411
這完全違背了
16:03
with how AbdirizakAbdirizak BihiBihi understands理解
391
951323
2533
阿迪里扎.畢希的理念,
16:05
what he is trying to do
392
953856
1800
他不斷嘗試努力
16:07
by exposing曝光 al Shabaab青年黨 recruitment招聘,
393
955656
2406
揭發索馬利亞青年黨的召募行動,
16:10
which哪一個 is to save保存 the religion宗教 I love
394
958062
2422
就為了拯救我所熱愛的宗教
16:12
from a small number of extremists極端分子.
395
960484
3126
免受少數極端分子控制。
16:16
Now I want to tell one last story故事,
396
964938
2561
我想說的最後一個故事是,
16:19
that of a 22-year-old-歲 law student學生 in Algeria阿爾及利亞
397
967499
3014
有一位在阿爾及利亞的 22 歲法律系學生
16:22
named命名 Amel阿梅爾 Zenoune-ZouaniZenoune-Zouani
398
970513
1946
名叫阿梅爾.任努-佐尼,
16:24
who had the same相同 dreams of a legal法律 career事業
399
972459
1879
她也夢想從事法律相關職業,
16:26
that I did back in the '90s.
400
974338
2702
和我在 90 年代時一樣。
16:29
She refused拒絕 to give up her studies學習,
401
977040
1929
她拒絕放棄學業,
16:30
despite儘管 the fact事實 that the fundamentalists原教旨主義者
402
978969
1969
無視基本主義者
16:32
battling作戰 the Algerian阿爾及利亞人 state back then
403
980938
2530
在和阿爾及利亞政府交戰之後
16:35
threatened受威脅 all who continued繼續 their education教育.
404
983468
3622
威脅所有繼續上學的人。
16:39
On January一月 26, 1997, Amel阿梅爾 boarded登上 the bus總線
405
987090
4110
1997 年 1 月 26 日,
她在阿爾及爾搭上公車,
16:43
in Algiers阿爾及爾 where she was studying研究
406
991200
1922
準備從學校回家,
16:45
to go home and spend a Ramadan齋月 evening晚間
407
993122
2183
和家人共渡齋戒月的夜晚,
16:47
with her family家庭,
408
995305
1689
16:48
and would never finish law school學校.
409
996994
2386
卻永遠無法唸完法學院了。
16:51
When the bus總線 reached到達 the outskirts郊區
410
999380
1460
巴士開到她家鄉的郊區外時,
16:52
of her hometown家鄉, it was stopped停止
411
1000840
1775
在檢查站被攔了下來,
16:54
at a checkpoint檢查站 manned載人 by men男人
412
1002615
2142
站崗的是伊斯蘭武裝組織的男子。
16:56
from the Armed武裝 Islamic清真 Group.
413
1004757
2294
16:59
Carrying攜帶 her schoolbag書包,
414
1007051
1729
阿梅爾拿著書包
17:00
Amel阿梅爾 was taken採取 off the bus總線
415
1008780
1986
被帶下公車,
17:02
and killed殺害 in the street.
416
1010766
2589
在街上被殺死。
17:05
The men男人 who cut her throat
417
1013355
1136
男人切斷她的喉嚨,
17:06
then told everyone大家 else其他,
418
1014491
1850
之後告訴每個人:
17:08
"If you go to university大學,
419
1016341
1894
「如果你去唸大學,
17:10
the day will come when we will kill all of you
420
1018235
2554
總有一天我們會回來殺了你,
17:12
just like this."
421
1020789
3231
就像這樣。」
17:16
Amel阿梅爾 died死亡 at exactly究竟 5:17 p.m.,
422
1024020
2700
阿梅爾在下午五點十七分過世,
17:18
which哪一個 we know because when she fell下跌 in the street,
423
1026720
2848
我們會知道是因為,她倒在街上時
17:21
her watch broke打破.
424
1029568
1777
手錶摔破了。
17:23
Her mother母親 showed顯示 me the watch
425
1031345
1229
她媽媽給我們看手錶,
17:24
with the second第二 hand still aimed針對
426
1032574
2001
上頭的秒針仍樂觀地邁向
17:26
optimistically樂觀地 upward向上
427
1034575
1496
永遠不會到來的五點十八分。
17:28
towards a 5:18 that would never come.
428
1036071
3436
17:31
Shortly不久 before her death死亡,
429
1039507
1149
阿梅爾死前
17:32
Amel阿梅爾 had said to her mother母親 of herself她自己
430
1040656
1855
曾告訴母親和姊妹:
17:34
and her sisters姐妹,
431
1042511
1887
「一切都會平安無事,這是阿拉的旨意,
17:36
"Nothing will happen發生 to us, InshallahInshallah, God willing願意,
432
1044398
3617
17:40
but if something happens發生,
433
1048015
1870
但如果發生了什麼事,
17:41
you must必須 know that we are dead for knowledge知識.
434
1049885
2883
你們要知道,我們是為了知識而死。
17:44
You and father父親 must必須 keep your heads held保持 high."
435
1052768
4210
你和父親一定要昂首挺立。」
17:48
The loss失利 of such這樣 a young年輕 woman女人 is unfathomable叵測,
436
1056978
3982
如此年輕的少女生命殞落
讓人無法理解,
17:52
and so as I did my research研究
437
1060960
1555
因此當我做研究時,
17:54
I found發現 myself searching搜索 for Amel's阿梅爾的 hope希望 again
438
1062515
3254
發現自己再次尋找阿梅爾的希望,
17:57
and her name名稱 even means手段 "hope希望" in Arabic阿拉伯.
439
1065769
2937
而她的名字甚至是
阿拉伯語中的「希望」。
18:00
I think I found發現 it in two places地方.
440
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3251
我想,我在兩個地方找到了希望。
18:03
The first is in the strength強度 of her family家庭
441
1071957
2295
第一處是在她堅強的家人
與其他人身上,
18:06
and all the other families家庭 to
continue繼續 telling告訴 their stories故事
442
1074252
3266
他們繼續訴說自己的故事,
18:09
and to go on with their lives生活 despite儘管 the terrorism恐怖主義.
443
1077518
3065
繼續生活,無視於恐怖主義。
18:12
In fact事實, Amel's阿梅爾的 sister妹妹 Lamia拉米亞 overcame克服了 her grief哀思,
444
1080583
3282
其實阿梅爾的妹妹拉米亞已經走出傷痛,
18:15
went to law school學校,
445
1083865
1371
在法學院就讀,
18:17
and practices做法 as a lawyer律師 in Algiers阿爾及爾 today今天,
446
1085236
2754
也在阿爾及爾當律師,
18:19
something which哪一個 is only possible可能
447
1087990
1601
這種事之所以能發生,
18:21
because the armed武裝 fundamentalists原教旨主義者
448
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1189
是因為武裝基本主義者
18:22
were largely大部分 defeated打敗 in the country國家.
449
1090780
2878
在國內的勢力被大幅消滅。
18:25
And the second第二 place地點 I found發現 Amel's阿梅爾的 hope希望
450
1093658
2847
第二個我發現阿梅爾希望之處,
18:28
was everywhere到處 that women婦女 and men男人
451
1096505
2472
是各個地方不分男女
18:30
continue繼續 to defy違抗 the jihadis聖戰者.
452
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2695
都持續反抗聖戰。
18:33
We must必須 support支持 all of those in honor榮譽 of Amel阿梅爾
453
1101672
3258
為了向阿梅爾致敬,
我們必須全面支持那些
18:36
who continue繼續 this human人的 rights權利 struggle鬥爭 today今天,
454
1104930
2633
至今仍繼續為人權而奮戰的團體,
18:39
like the Network網絡 of Women婦女
Living活的 Under Muslim穆斯林 Laws法律.
455
1107563
3997
像是「穆斯林律法下的女性組織」。
18:43
It is not enough足夠, as the victims受害者 rights權利 advocate主張
456
1111560
2627
這還不夠,就像受害者權利倡導者
18:46
CherifaCherifa KheddarKheddar told me in Algiers阿爾及爾,
457
1114187
1887
查理法.凱達在阿爾及爾告訴我的,
18:48
it is not enough足夠 just to battle戰鬥 terrorism恐怖主義.
458
1116074
3065
只是對抗恐怖主義是不夠的。
18:51
We must必須 also challenge挑戰 fundamentalism原教旨主義,
459
1119139
2544
我們也要挑戰基本教義派,
18:53
because fundamentalism原教旨主義 is the ideology思想
460
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2437
因為基本主義是
創造出恐怖主義基礎的意識型態。
18:56
that makes品牌 the bed of this terrorism恐怖主義.
461
1124120
2591
18:58
Why is it that people like her, like all of them
462
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3439
為什麼像她這樣的人、像他們的人
19:02
are not more well known已知?
463
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1694
沒有更加廣為人知?
19:03
Why is it that everyone大家 knows知道
who Osama烏薩馬 bin箱子 Laden拉登 was
464
1131844
3277
為什麼每個人都認識賓拉登,
19:07
and so few少數 know of all of those
465
1135121
1933
卻少有人認識那些
19:09
standing常設 up to the bin箱子 Ladens拉丹 in their own擁有 contexts上下文.
466
1137054
3693
用各種方式起身反抗賓拉登的人們。
19:12
We must必須 change更改 that, and so I ask you
467
1140747
2657
我們一定要改變,
因此我請各位幫忙分享這些故事,
19:15
to please help share分享 these stories故事
468
1143404
1768
19:17
through通過 your networks網絡.
469
1145172
1773
運用你們的網絡。
19:18
Look again at Amel阿梅爾 Zenoune'sZenoune的 watch,
470
1146945
2099
再看一眼阿梅爾.任努-佐尼的手錶,
19:21
forever永遠 frozen凍結的,
471
1149044
1660
永遠凍結了,
19:22
and now please look at your own擁有 watch
472
1150704
2362
現在請看著你自己的手錶,
19:25
and decide決定 this is the moment時刻 that you commit承諾
473
1153066
3024
決定這一刻就是你承諾
19:28
to supporting支持 people like Amel阿梅爾.
474
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1908
支持像阿梅爾這樣的人。
19:29
We don't have the right to be silent無聲 about them
475
1157998
2381
我們沒有對他們沉默的權力,
19:32
because it is easier更輕鬆
476
1160379
1498
只因為那更簡單,
19:33
or because Western西 policy政策 is flawed有缺陷 as well,
477
1161877
2861
或是因為西方國家的政策也有缺失,
19:36
because 5:17 is still coming未來
478
1164738
2336
因為五點十七分仍然發生在
19:39
to too many許多 Amel阿梅爾 ZenounesZenounes
479
1167074
1867
太多阿梅爾.任努-佐尼身上,
19:40
in places地方 like northern北方 Nigeria尼日利亞,
480
1168941
1970
發生在像北奈及利亞這樣的地方,
19:42
where jihadis聖戰者 still kill students學生們.
481
1170911
2576
聖戰仍在那裡殺害學生。
19:45
The time to speak說話 up in support支持 of all of those
482
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3081
聲援所有
19:48
who peacefully安然 challenge挑戰 fundamentalism原教旨主義
483
1176568
2308
和平對抗基本教義派
19:50
and terrorism恐怖主義 in their own擁有 communities社區
484
1178876
2964
和社群內恐怖分子的時刻
19:53
is now.
485
1181840
1536
就是現在。
19:55
Thank you.
486
1183376
2283
謝謝。
19:57
(Applause掌聲)
487
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2506
(掌聲)
Translated by Marssi Draw
Reviewed by Adrienne Lin

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Karima Bennoune - Professor of international law
Karima Bennoune's new book introduces the world to people who speak out against fundamentalist terrorism.

Why you should listen

Karima Bennoune is a professor of international law at the University of California–Davis School of Law. She grew up in Algeria and the United States and now lives in northern California.

She has published widely in many leading academic journals, as well as in the Guardian, The New York Times, Comment is Free, the website of Al Jazeera English, The Nation. The topic of her most recent publication ‘Your Fatwa Does Not Apply Here’ is a very personal one for her. Her father Mahfoud Bennoune was an outspoken professor at the University of Algiers, and faced death threats during the 1990s, but continued speaking out against fundamentalism and terrorism. In writing this book, Karima set out to meet people who are today doing what her father did back then, to try to garner for them greater international support than Algerian democrats received during the 1990s.

She has served as a member of the Executive Council of the American Society of International Law and on the board of directors of Amnesty International USA. Currently, she sits on the Board of the Network of Women Living Under Muslim Laws. She has also been a consultant on human rights issues for the International Council on Human Rights Policy, the Soros Foundation, the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, and for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Her human rights field missions have included Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Fiji, Lebanon, Pakistan, South Korea, southern Thailand, and Tunisia.

She traveled to Algeria in February 2011 to serve as an observer at pro-democracy protests with the support of the Urgent Action Fund for Women’s Human Rights, writing a series of articles about these events for the Guardian. In October 2011, she volunteered as an election observer during the Tunisian constituent assembly elections with Gender Concerns International.

More profile about the speaker
Karima Bennoune | Speaker | TED.com