ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Cristina Domenech - Poet and educator
Cristina Domenech proposes to use language as an instrument of liberation and as a way to change the world.

Why you should listen
Writer and philosopher Cristina Domenech coordinates reading and writing workshops for kids and adults, including the inmates of the Centro de Estudiantes Rodolfo Walsh of the Centro Universitario San Martín (CUSAM) Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Unidad Penitenciaria 48, in Buenos Aires.

She has participated since 1995 in numerous conferences and meetings of national and international writers, among which include the International Festival of Poetry in Havana, Cuba, in 2009 and 2010 and Cosmopoética 2013 in Cordoba, Spain.

Her published works include “Impalpable” (1994), “Condensación de la Luz” (1998), Tierra Negra (1999), Demudado (2007), anthologies of poetry in 2010 and 2011, and most recently “Sintaxis del nudo” ("Syntax Knot").
More profile about the speaker
Cristina Domenech | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxRiodelaPlata

Cristina Domenech: Poetry that frees the soul

克里斯蒂娜‧竇曼克: 釋放靈魂的詩

Filmed:
777,733 views

「有人說要成為一個詩人,你必須去過地獄後回來。」克里斯蒂娜‧竇曼克在阿根廷監獄教導寫作,她敘述她幫助被禁閉的人們表達他們自己、了解自己──和由文字的自由得到榮耀的令人感動故事。 她的學生,一個囚犯,在一萬個聽眾前,朗誦他寫的詩。
- Poet and educator
Cristina Domenech proposes to use language as an instrument of liberation and as a way to change the world. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:14
It's said that to be a poet詩人
0
2963
3025
有人說 要成為一個詩人
00:18
you have to go to hell地獄 and back.
1
6948
3605
你必須去過地獄後回來。
00:24
The first time I visited參觀 the prison監獄,
2
12173
3176
我第一次去拜訪監獄時,
00:27
I was not surprised詫異 by the noise噪聲
of the padlocks掛鎖,
3
15349
4676
關鎖,關門,
00:32
or the closing關閉 doors,
or the cell細胞 bars酒吧,
4
20025
4218
柵欄,或其他我早已想到的聲音,
00:36
or by any of the things
I had imagined想像.
5
24243
4003
都沒嚇到我。
00:40
Maybe because the prison監獄
is in a quite相當 open打開 space空間.
6
28246
5313
可能是因為監獄是一個
相當大的開放空間。
00:45
You can see the sky天空.
7
33559
2130
你可以看到天空。
00:47
Seagulls海鷗 fly overhead高架,
and you feel like you're next下一個 to the sea,
8
35689
3643
海鷗從頭上飛過,
你覺得好像在海邊,
00:51
that you're really close to the beach海灘.
9
39332
3043
非常靠近沙灘。
00:54
But in fact事實, the gulls海鷗 are looking
for food餐飲 in the dump傾倒 near the prison監獄.
10
42375
5930
但實際上,海鷗是在
監獄附近的垃圾堆找食物。
01:01
I went farther更遠 inside and I suddenly突然 saw
inmates囚犯 moving移動 across橫過 the corridors走廊.
11
49250
5971
我走進去 突然看到囚犯在穿過走廊。
01:07
Then it was as if I stepped加強 back
and thought
12
55886
4080
然後我好像停下來 在想我也有可能
01:11
that I could have very well been
one of them.
13
59966
3809
是他們中間的一份子。
01:15
If I had another另一個 story故事,
another另一個 context上下文, different不同 luck運氣.
14
63775
5747
如果我有另一個人生故事,
在另一個時空,不同的運氣。
01:22
Because nobody沒有人 - nobody沒有人 -
can choose選擇 where they're born天生.
15
70457
5502
因為沒有人- 沒有人 -
可以選擇他們的出生地。
01:29
In 2009, I was invited邀請 to join加入 a project項目
16
77790
4663
在2009年,我應邀參與
01:34
that San Mart市場ín National國民 University大學
conducted進行 at the Unit單元 48 penitentiary教養所,
17
82453
5407
聖‧馬丁國立大學
在48號感化院所舉辦的
01:39
to coordinate坐標 a writing寫作 workshop作坊.
18
87865
3215
一個協調寫作班的專案。
01:43
The prison監獄 service服務 ceded割讓 some land土地
at the end結束 of the prison監獄,
19
91080
6445
獄方在監牢盡頭的一塊地上
01:49
which哪一個 is where they constructed
the University大學 Center中央 building建造.
20
97525
5632
蓋了一個大學中心的建築物。
01:56
The first time I met會見 with the prisoners囚犯,
21
104152
2418
我第一次見與囚犯見面時,
01:58
I asked them why they were asking
for a writing寫作 workshop作坊
22
106570
3675
我問他們為什麼他們要求上寫作課
02:02
and they told me they wanted
to put on paper
23
110245
3651
他們告訴我他們要
將他們無法說和做的事情
02:05
all that they couldn't不能 say and do.
24
113896
3931
寫在紙上。
02:11
Right then I decided決定 that I wanted poetry詩歌
to enter輸入 the prison監獄.
25
119062
4867
那時我就決定我要將詩引進監獄。
02:17
So I said to them
why don't we work with poetry詩歌,
26
125434
3604
我就告訴他們
如果你們知道詩是什麼
02:21
if they knew知道 what poetry詩歌 was.
27
129044
1736
我們何不寫詩。
02:23
But nobody沒有人 had a clue線索
what poetry詩歌 really was.
28
131375
4892
但沒有人真正知道詩是什麼。
02:30
They also suggested建議 to me
29
138622
1634
他們也向我建議
02:32
that the workshop作坊 should be
not just for the inmates囚犯
30
140256
2519
這個班應該不應只是讓想要上
02:34
taking服用 university大學 classes,
but for all the inmates囚犯.
31
142775
5256
大學課程的囚犯參加,
所有囚犯應該都可參加。
02:40
And so I said
that to start開始 this workshop作坊,
32
148641
3167
我同意後就開始了這個寫作課。
02:43
I needed需要 to find a tool工具
that we all had in common共同.
33
151808
3842
我必須先找一個我們都知道的工具。
02:47
That tool工具 was language語言.
34
155650
3106
那個工具就是語言。
02:50
We had language語言, we had the workshop作坊.
We could have poetry詩歌.
35
158756
6192
我們有語言,我們有這個課。
我們就可以有詩。
02:56
But what I hadn't有沒有 considered考慮
was that inequality不等式 exists存在 in prison監獄, too.
36
164948
5826
但我沒考慮到的是
監獄也有不平等。
03:02
Many許多 of the prisoners囚犯 hadn't有沒有 even
completed完成 grammar語法 school學校.
37
170774
5121
許多囚犯甚至沒有讀完小學。
03:07
Many許多 couldn't不能 use cursive草書,
could barely僅僅 print打印.
38
175895
5380
許多不會寫草書,只會一點正楷。
03:15
They didn't write fluently流利地, either.
39
183410
3672
他們無法流暢的寫。
03:19
So we started開始 looking for short poems.
40
187082
4611
所以我們開始找短詩。
03:23
Very short, but very powerful強大.
41
191693
3066
很短有很有力的短詩。
03:26
And we started開始 to read, and we'd星期三 read
one author作者, then another另一個 author作者,
42
194759
3748
然後我們開始讀詩,
我們讀過一個詩人的詩
再讀另一個的,
03:30
and by reading such這樣 short poems,
they all began開始 to realize實現
43
198507
5475
在讀這些短詩,他們都開始理解
03:35
that what the poetic詩意 language語言 did
was to break打破 a certain某些 logic邏輯,
44
203982
4657
詩的語言可以破壞某些邏輯,
03:40
and create創建 another另一個 system系統.
45
208639
1755
然後創造另一個系統。
03:42
Breaking打破 the logic邏輯 of language語言
also breaks休息 the logic邏輯 of the system系統
46
210394
3594
破壞語言的邏輯
同時也破壞了系統的邏輯
03:45
under which哪一個 they've他們已經 learned學到了 to respond響應.
47
213988
3767
在那系統下他們已習慣去反應。
03:50
So a new system系統 appeared出現,
48
218550
3493
因此一個新的系統出現了,
03:54
new rules規則 that made製作 them
understand理解 very quickly很快,
49
222043
5159
讓他們很快能了解的新的規則,
03:59
- very quickly很快 -
50
227202
1879
- 很快的 -
04:01
that with poetic詩意 language語言
51
229081
2149
藉新規則和詩的語言
04:03
they would be able能夠 to say
absolutely絕對 whatever隨你 they wanted.
52
231230
4509
他們可以完全表達他們想要的。
04:11
It's said that to be a poet詩人
you have to go to hell地獄 and back.
53
239479
5091
有人說要成為詩人
你必須去過地獄後再回來。
04:17
And they have plenty豐富 of hell地獄.
Plenty豐富 of hell地獄.
54
245475
4499
他們已歷經夠多的地獄。
夠多的地獄。
04:21
One of them once一旦 said:
"In prison監獄 you never sleep睡覺.
55
249974
4615
他們中的一個曾說:
「在監獄裏你無法睡
04:26
You can never sleep睡覺 in jail監獄.
You can never close your eyelids眼皮."
56
254589
4865
你從來無法在監獄裏睡。
你無法闔眼。」
04:32
And so, like I’m doing now,
I gave them a moment時刻 of silence安靜,
57
260351
6356
然後,就像我現在要做的,
我請他們靜默一下,
04:38
then said,
“That's what poetry詩歌 is, you guys.
58
266707
4722
然後我說,
「大夥們,那就是詩。
04:44
It's in this prison監獄 universe宇宙
that you have all around you.
59
272309
5185
它在這個監獄範圍內,在你的四周。
04:49
Everything you say
about how you never sleep睡覺,
60
277494
2280
你們所說的你不能睡覺,
04:51
it exudes散發著 fear恐懼.
61
279774
1690
它滲出恐懼。
04:53
All the things that go unwritten不成文 --
all of that is poetry詩歌."
62
281464
4765
所有這些你沒有寫出來的 -
所有這些就是詩。」
04:59
So we started開始 appropriating挪用 that hell地獄;
63
287469
4207
我們開始掌握這個地獄;
05:03
we plunged暴跌 ourselves我們自己, headfirst冒失地,
into the seventh第七 circle.
64
291676
3508
我們將自己,頭向下,
投入第七圈地獄。
05:07
And in that seventh第七 circle of hell地獄,
our very own擁有, beloved心愛 circle,
65
295184
4038
在第七圈地獄,
我們自己的,最鍾愛的一圈,
05:11
they learned學到了 that they could
make the walls牆壁 invisible無形,
66
299222
4212
他們學到他們可以讓牆壁消失,
05:15
that they could make the windows視窗 yell叫喊,
67
303434
2170
他們可以讓窗戶咆哮,
05:17
and that we could hide隱藏 inside the shadows陰影.
68
305604
2940
我們可以躲在影子下。
05:23
When the first year
of the workshop作坊 had ended結束,
69
311504
3960
當第一年的寫作課結束時,
05:27
we organized有組織的 a little closing關閉 party派對,
70
315464
2408
我們籌組了一個結業派對,
05:29
like you do when a job工作 is doneDONE
with so much love,
71
317872
3690
就像你們用許多的愛做完一件工作後,
05:33
and you want to celebrate慶祝 with a party派對.
72
321562
2950
你想要用一個派對來慶祝。
05:36
We called family家庭, friends朋友,
the university大學 authorities當局.
73
324512
4467
我們邀請家人,朋友,
大學的長官們。
05:40
The only thing the inmates囚犯
had to do was read a poem,
74
328979
4342
這些囚犯學生唯一要做的就是
朗讀一首詩,
05:45
and receive接收 their diplomas文憑 and applause掌聲.
75
333321
2237
然後接受他們的文憑和掌聲。
05:47
That was our simple簡單 party派對.
76
335558
2527
那就是我們簡單的派對。
05:52
The only thing I want to leave離開 you with
77
340105
4899
我唯一要留下來的
05:58
is the moment時刻 in which哪一個 those men男人,
78
346694
4325
就是這些人的一些瞬間,
06:03
some of them just huge巨大
when standing常設 next下一個 to me,
79
351019
2495
他們有些站在我旁邊時顯得非常巨大,
06:05
or the young年輕 boys男孩 - so young年輕,
but with an enormous巨大 pride自豪,
80
353519
5711
或著是年輕的男孩 - 非常年輕,
但是很有榮譽的,
06:11
held保持 their papers文件 and trembled顫抖
like little kids孩子 and sweated大汗淋漓,
81
359230
5843
拿著紙張,他們像小孩子一樣顫抖著,
滿身大汗,
06:17
and read their poems with their
voices聲音 completely全然 broken破碎.
82
365078
5209
在朗讀他們的詩時,聲音斷斷續續。
06:24
That moment時刻 made製作 me think a lot
83
372042
3967
這些瞬間讓我想了許多
06:28
that for most of them,
it was surely一定 the very first time
84
376959
4107
對他們許多人來說,
這是他們的第一次
06:33
that someone有人 applauded叫好 them
for something they had doneDONE.
85
381066
4498
第一次有人因為他們所做的向他們鼓掌。
06:40
In prison監獄 there are things
that can't be doneDONE.
86
388809
3453
在監獄裏有許多不能做的事。
06:44
In prison監獄, you can't dream夢想.
In prison監獄, you can't cry.
87
392262
4856
在監獄,你不能夢想。
在監獄,你不能哭。
06:49
There are words that are virtually實質上
forbidden被禁止, like the word "time,"
88
397118
5029
有許多字眼實質上是絕對禁止的,
如「時間」,
06:54
the word "future未來," the word "wish希望".
89
402147
4869
「將來」,「希望」。
06:59
But we dared to dream夢想, and to dream夢想 a lot.
90
407016
5306
但是我們敢夢,要做許多夢。
07:04
We decided決定
that they were going to write a book.
91
412322
4804
我們決定我們要寫一本書。
07:09
Not only did they write a book,
but they also bound it themselves他們自己.
92
417126
4420
他們不只寫了一本書,
他們還自己裝訂。
07:13
That was at the end結束 of 2010.
93
421546
3096
那是2010年底。
07:16
Then, we doubled翻倍 the bet賭注
and wrote another另一個 book.
94
424642
4409
然後,我們加碼再寫了另一本書。
07:21
And we bound that one, too.
95
429051
1634
我們也裝訂了那一本。
07:22
That was a short time ago,
at the end結束 of last year.
96
430685
3424
那是不久以前,去年底。
07:28
What I see week after week,
97
436474
3526
我在一週又一週所看到的,
07:32
is how they're turning車削
into different不同 people;
98
440000
4357
是他們如何轉變成不同的人;
07:36
how they're being存在 transformed改造.
99
444357
2547
他們如何被轉化。
07:38
How words are empowering授權 them
with a dignity尊嚴 they had never known已知,
100
446904
4347
言語如何使他們得到他們從未有的尊嚴,
07:43
that they couldn't不能 even imagine想像.
101
451251
2083
那是他們從來甚至沒有想像的。
07:45
They had no idea理念 such這樣 dignity尊嚴
could come from them.
102
453334
4791
他們從不知道他們可以有這樣的尊嚴。
07:51
At the workshop作坊, in that beloved心愛 hell地獄
we share分享, we all give something.
103
459130
7267
在上課時,在那個大家所愛的地獄裏
我們分享,我們給予。
07:58
We open打開 our hands and hearts心中 and give
what we have, what we can.
104
466397
4600
我們敞開我們的雙手和心扉
給予我們有的,能給的。
08:02
All of us;
all of us equally一樣.
105
470997
2154
我們所有人,
平等地。
08:05
And so you feel that at least最小
in a small way
106
473151
4615
然後你感覺到至少,
少許的
08:09
you're repairing修復
that huge巨大 social社會 fracture斷裂
107
477766
3650
你在修補那個巨大的社會裂痕
08:13
which哪一個 makes品牌 it so that for many許多 of them,
108
481416
5218
那些使的他們多數
08:18
prison監獄 is their only destination目的地.
109
486634
3178
只有監獄這條歸路。
08:24
I remember記得 a verse
by a tremendous巨大 poet詩人, a great poet詩人,
110
492172
5379
我記得一個詩句
一個非常好的,偉大的詩人寫的,
08:30
from our Unit單元 48 workshop作坊,
Nicol尼科爾ás Dorado多拉多:
111
498586
5844
來自我們第48號感化院,
尼可拉斯‧竇拉竇:
08:40
"I will need an infinite無窮 thread
to sew up this huge巨大 wound傷口."
112
508395
6394
「 我會需要一條無限長的線
來縫補這個巨大的傷口。」
08:47
Poetry詩歌 does that; it sewsSEWS up
the wounds傷口 of exclusion排除.
113
515485
5194
詩可以,它可以縫補「排斥」的傷口。
08:53
It opens打開 doors.
Poetry詩歌 works作品 as a mirror鏡子.
114
521004
5238
它開啟門。
詩可成為一面鏡子。
08:58
It creates創建 a mirror鏡子, which哪一個 is the poem.
115
526417
3345
它創造一個鏡子,那就是詩。
09:01
They recognize認識 themselves他們自己,
they look at themselves他們自己 in the poem
116
529762
3983
他們認識他們是誰,
他們在詩裏看著自己
09:05
and write from who they are,
and are from what they write.
117
533745
5063
從他們是誰寫詩,
詩裏寫的就是他們是誰
09:10
In order訂購 to write,
118
538808
2705
為了寫詩,
09:13
they need to appropriate適當
the moment時刻 of writing寫作
119
541513
4191
他們需要擁有寫作的瞬間
09:17
which哪一個 is a moment時刻
of extraordinary非凡 freedom自由.
120
545704
3451
那是一個不尋常的自由的瞬間。
09:21
They have to get into their heads,
search搜索 for that bit of freedom自由
121
549155
2943
他們必須在自己的頭腦裏,
找尋那一點的自由
09:24
that can never be taken採取 away
when they write
122
552098
5026
那個自由在他們寫的時候,
是無人可以拿走的
09:29
and that is also useful有用
to realize實現 that freedom自由 is possible可能
123
557124
3511
了解自由的可能也是很有用的
09:32
even inside a prison監獄,
124
560635
2338
甚至在監獄裏,
09:34
and that the only bars酒吧 we have
in our wonderful精彩 space空間
125
562973
5262
我們在這個美好的空間裏唯有的欄杆
09:40
is the word "bars酒吧,"
126
568235
1862
就是「欄杆」這個字眼,
09:42
and that all of us in our hell地獄
burn燒傷 with happiness幸福
127
570097
3862
當我們點著字詞的蕊心。
09:45
when we light the wick燈芯 of the word.
128
573959
3710
我們全體在我們的地獄裏被快樂所燃燒
09:49
(Applause掌聲)
129
577669
3000
(鼓掌)
(掌聲停止)
我已告訴你們許多
我在監獄的經歷
10:17
I told you a lot about the prison監獄,
a lot about what I experience經驗
130
605143
6454
10:23
every一切 week, and how I enjoy請享用 it
and transform轉變 myself with the inmates囚犯.
131
611597
4581
每一週,我如何享受這個經歷,
如何與囚犯一起轉化自我。
10:28
But you don't know how much I'd like it
132
616178
3415
但是你們無法知道我喜愛的程度
10:31
if you could feel, live生活, experience經驗,
even for a few少數 seconds,
133
619593
5566
如果你可以感覺到,如我過著,經驗著
即使是幾秒,
10:37
what I enjoy請享用 every一切 week
and what makes品牌 me who I am.
134
625159
4335
我每週所享受的
和什麼造就了現在的我。
10:44
(Applause掌聲)
135
632151
3000
(掌聲)
10:53
Mart市場ín Bustamante布斯塔曼特:
The heart chews tears眼淚 of time;
136
641228
4231
馬丁‧佈斯塔曼特:
這個心咀嚼時間的眼淚;
10:57
blinded失明 by that light,
137
645464
2882
被亮光蒙蔽,
11:00
it hides the speed速度 of existence存在
138
648346
3375
它隱藏存在的速度
11:03
where the images圖片 go rowing划船 by.
139
651721
2153
那裏影像划著過去。
11:05
It fights打架; it hangs掛起 on.
140
653874
2973
它搏鬥;它抓著不放。
11:08
The heart cracks裂縫 under sad傷心 gazes凝視,
141
656847
3702
心在憂傷的凝視下破碎,
11:12
rides遊樂設施 on storms風暴 that spread傳播 fire,
142
660554
3773
乘坐著散發火焰的風暴。
11:16
lifts升降機 chests箱子 lowered降低 by shame恥辱,
143
664327
3124
挺起因羞愧而彎下的胸膛。
11:19
knows知道 that it's not just reading
and going on,
144
667451
3176
知道不只是讀著而繼續,
11:22
it also wishes祝福 to see the infinite無窮 blue藍色.
145
670627
3825
它也期望見到無限的藍。
11:26
The heart sits坐鎮 down to think about things,
146
674457
3728
心坐下來想事,
11:30
fights打架 to avoid避免 being存在 ordinary普通,
147
678185
2712
奮鬥以避免平凡,
11:32
tries嘗試 to love without hurting傷害,
148
680897
3423
嘗試不傷害的去愛,
11:36
breathes吐氣 the sun太陽,
giving courage勇氣 to itself本身,
149
684320
3703
吸入太陽,
給自己勇氣,
11:40
surrenders退保, travels旅行 toward reason原因.
150
688023
4368
投降,朝向理性。
11:44
The heart fights打架 among其中 the swamps沼澤,
151
692391
2903
心在沼澤中奮鬥,
11:47
skirts the edge邊緣 of the underworld地獄,
152
695294
3525
位於地獄的邊緣,
11:50
falls下降 exhausted, but won't慣於 give in
to what's easy簡單,
153
698819
4282
耗盡而倒,但絕不向容易低頭。
11:55
while irregular不規則 steps腳步 of intoxication
154
703101
2489
從沈醉的不穩的腳步
11:57
wake喚醒 up,
155
705590
1577
醒來,
11:59
wake喚醒 the stillness寂靜.
156
707167
1890
喚醒寂靜。
12:01
I'm Mart市場ín Bustamante布斯塔曼特,
157
709057
1972
我是馬丁‧佈斯塔曼特,
12:03
I'm a prisoner囚犯 in Unit單元 48 of San Mart市場ín,
158
711756
3498
我是聖‧馬丁第48號感化院的囚犯,
12:07
today今天 is my day of temporary臨時 release發布.
159
715254
2858
今天是我暫時釋放的日子。
12:10
And for me, poetry詩歌 and literature文學
have changed my life.
160
718112
3672
對我而言,詩和文學改變了我的生命。
12:13
Thank you very much!
161
721784
1121
非常感謝你們!
謝謝
12:14
Cristina克里斯蒂娜 Domenech多梅內克: Thank you!
162
722905
1420
(掌聲)
12:16
(Applause掌聲)
163
724325
2320
Translated by Melody Tang
Reviewed by Michael Ge 葛叔

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Cristina Domenech - Poet and educator
Cristina Domenech proposes to use language as an instrument of liberation and as a way to change the world.

Why you should listen
Writer and philosopher Cristina Domenech coordinates reading and writing workshops for kids and adults, including the inmates of the Centro de Estudiantes Rodolfo Walsh of the Centro Universitario San Martín (CUSAM) Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Unidad Penitenciaria 48, in Buenos Aires.

She has participated since 1995 in numerous conferences and meetings of national and international writers, among which include the International Festival of Poetry in Havana, Cuba, in 2009 and 2010 and Cosmopoética 2013 in Cordoba, Spain.

Her published works include “Impalpable” (1994), “Condensación de la Luz” (1998), Tierra Negra (1999), Demudado (2007), anthologies of poetry in 2010 and 2011, and most recently “Sintaxis del nudo” ("Syntax Knot").
More profile about the speaker
Cristina Domenech | Speaker | TED.com