TEDGlobal 2014
Angelo Vermeulen: How to go to space, without having to go to space
安奇羅·凡木倫: 虛擬太空探險
Filmed:
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「我們會開始在外太空定居。」美國太空總署小隊長安奇羅·凡木倫如是說。「這可能還要再等 50 年甚或 500 年，但一定會實現。」這位 TED 資深研究會員在此精彩演講中，談到他被指派的某些工作，是要確保人類已準備好在外太空生活。他並分享了一個絕佳的藝術計劃，挑戰全世界的人，設計真正可住的太空屋。
Angelo Vermeulen - Space researcher, biologist, artist
Angelo Vermeulen wears many hats, including one as a crew commander for NASA, another as an artist and community organizer. Full bio
Angelo Vermeulen wears many hats, including one as a crew commander for NASA, another as an artist and community organizer. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I am multidisciplinary.
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我有多學科背景。
00:14
As a scientist, I've been a crew commander
for a NASA Mars simulation last year,
for a NASA Mars simulation last year,
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身為科學家，去年在美國太空總署
我擔任火星模擬小組的隊長，
我擔任火星模擬小組的隊長，
00:19
and as an artist, I create multicultural
community art all over the planet.
community art all over the planet.
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身為藝術家，我在全球
創作多文化社群藝術。
創作多文化社群藝術。
00:26
And recently, I've actually
been combining both.
been combining both.
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最近，我將兩者結合。
00:29
But let me first talk a little more
about that NASA mission.
about that NASA mission.
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但是首先讓我談一下
那個太空總署的任務。
那個太空總署的任務。
這是夏威夷太空探測類比模擬計畫，
00:33
This is the HI-SEAS program.
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00:35
HI-SEAS is a NASA-funded
planetary surface analogue
planetary surface analogue
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由太空總署出資，
模擬火星行星表面，
模擬火星行星表面，
00:38
on the Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii,
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在夏威夷的冒納羅亞火山區進行，
00:41
and it's a research program
that is specifically designed
that is specifically designed
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是一項研究計畫，特別設計
探討長期隔離對小群隊員的影響。
00:44
to study the effects
of long-term isolation of small crews.
of long-term isolation of small crews.
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00:49
I lived in this dome for four months
with a crew of six,
with a crew of six,
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我與六位隊員
在這個圓屋裡住了四個月，
在這個圓屋裡住了四個月，
00:53
a very interesting experience, of course.
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當然，非常有意思的經歷。
00:56
We did all kinds of research.
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我們作了各式各樣的研究。
00:59
Our main research
was actually a food study,
was actually a food study,
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主要的研究其實是食品研究，
01:01
but apart from that food study --
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但是除了食品研究，
01:03
developing a new food system
for astronauts living in deep space --
for astronauts living in deep space --
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還要開發一套新的食品系統
供住在外太空的太空人使用，
供住在外太空的太空人使用，
01:07
we also did all kinds of other research.
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我們也作其它各種研究。
01:09
We did extra-vehicular activities,
as you can see here,
as you can see here,
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我們也做艙外活動，
正如你們所見，
正如你們所見，
01:12
wearing mock-up space suits,
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穿著全套的模擬太空裝，
01:14
but we also had our chores
and lots of other stuff to do,
and lots of other stuff to do,
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但我們也有日常瑣事，
以及很多其他事要做，
以及很多其他事要做，
01:17
like questionnaires
at the end of every day.
at the end of every day.
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譬如，每天結束時的問答題。
01:19
Busy, busy work.
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工作很繁忙。
01:21
Now, as you can imagine,
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現在你大概可以想像，
01:23
it's quite challenging to live
with just a small group of people
with just a small group of people
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與這麼一小撮人
長期住在一個小小的空間裡
長期住在一個小小的空間裡
01:26
in a small space for a long time.
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相當具挑戰性。
01:28
There's all kinds
of psychological challenges:
of psychological challenges:
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有各式各樣的精神挑戰：
01:31
how to keep a team together
in these circumstances;
in these circumstances;
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在這些環境下
要怎麼保持團隊精神；
要怎麼保持團隊精神；
01:35
how to deal with the warping of time
you start to sense
you start to sense
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生活在這樣的環境下，
你的時間感開始扭曲時要怎麼辦；
01:37
when you're living in these circumstances;
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01:40
sleep problems that arise; etc.
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出現睡眠障礙怎麼辦，等等。
01:41
But also we learned a lot.
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但是我們也學到很多。
01:44
I learned a lot about
how individual crew members
how individual crew members
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我學到了很多關於實際上
01:46
actually cope with a situation like this;
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每個隊員是如何面對像這樣的情況；
01:49
how you can keep a crew
productive and happy,
productive and happy,
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如何保持團隊工作高效，
又能保持心情愉快，
又能保持心情愉快，
01:52
for example, giving them
a good deal of autonomy
a good deal of autonomy
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譬如說，
讓他們有一定程度的自主權
讓他們有一定程度的自主權
01:55
is a good trick to do that;
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是個不錯的方法；
01:57
and honestly, I learned
a lot about leadership,
a lot about leadership,
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而且老實說，
我學到很多領導力方面知識，
我學到很多領導力方面知識，
02:00
because I was a crew commander.
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因為我是隊長。
02:01
So doing this mission,
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所以在這個項目中，
02:03
I really started thinking more deeply
about our future in outer space.
about our future in outer space.
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我真的開始更深入思考
我們在外太空的未來。
我們在外太空的未來。
02:08
We will venture into outer space,
and we will start inhabiting outer space.
and we will start inhabiting outer space.
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我們會冒險進入外太空，
我們也會開始住在外太空。
我們也會開始住在外太空。
02:12
I have no doubt about it.
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我對此一點都不懷疑。
02:14
It might take 50 years
or it might take 500 years,
or it might take 500 years,
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這件事可能還要再花
50 年甚或 500 年，
50 年甚或 500 年，
02:17
but it's going to happen nevertheless.
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但是一定會實現。
02:20
So I came up with
a new art project called Seeker.
a new art project called Seeker.
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所以我想出了一個新的藝術計畫，
叫探索者計劃。
叫探索者計劃。
02:24
And the Seeker project is actually
challenging communities all over the world
challenging communities all over the world
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探索者計畫其實是要
邀請全世界的社群
邀請全世界的社群
02:28
to come up with starship prototypes
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挑戰構造星艦原型，
02:31
that re-envision
human habitation and survival.
human habitation and survival.
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重新構想人類的居處及生存。
02:34
That's the core of the project.
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那就是計畫的核心。
02:36
Now, one important thing:
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有件很重要的事：
02:38
This is not a dystopian project.
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這不是反烏托邦計畫。
02:41
This is not about, "Oh my God,
the world is going wrong
the world is going wrong
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這不是那種「天啊！這世界有問題，
02:43
and we have to escape because we need
another future somewhere else."
another future somewhere else."
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我們得逃出去，因為我們需要
在其他地方找未來。」
在其他地方找未來。」
02:47
No, no.
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不，不是這樣。
02:49
The project is basically inviting people
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這個計畫其實是邀請大家
02:51
to take a step away
from earthbound constraints
from earthbound constraints
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從地球的框框限制中
退一步思考，
退一步思考，
02:54
and, as such, reimagine our future.
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重新構想我們的未來。
02:57
And it's really helpful,
and it works really well,
and it works really well,
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這很有幫助，也很有用，
03:00
so that's really the important part
of what we're doing.
of what we're doing.
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因此這是我們行動中最重要的部分。
03:04
Now, in this project,
I'm using a cocreation approach,
I'm using a cocreation approach,
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在這個計畫裡，
我用共同創作的方法，
我用共同創作的方法，
03:08
which is a slightly different approach
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這與你想像中許多藝術家
會選用的創作方式
會選用的創作方式
03:11
from what you would expect
from many artists.
from many artists.
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有一點不同。
03:13
I'm essentially dropping a basic idea
into a group, into a community,
into a group, into a community,
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我其實是將一個基本想法
分享給一個團體、社群，
分享給一個團體、社群，
03:17
people start gravitating to the idea,
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大家開始受到這個想法的吸引，
03:20
and together, we shape
and build the artwork.
and build the artwork.
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然後我們一起合作
塑造建構藝術作品。
塑造建構藝術作品。
03:23
It's a little bit like termites, really.
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這有點像白蟻，真的。
03:26
We just work together,
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我們就是一起合作，
03:27
and even, for example,
when architects visit what we're doing,
when architects visit what we're doing,
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舉個例，甚至當建築師
來看我們在做什麼的時候，
來看我們在做什麼的時候，
03:30
sometimes they have a bit
of a hard time understanding
of a hard time understanding
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有時候他們也搞不清楚
我們沒有設計總圖要怎麼蓋。
03:32
how we build without a master plan.
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03:34
We always come up with these
fantastic large-scale scupltures
fantastic large-scale scupltures
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我們總是想出很棒的大型模型
03:37
that actually we can also inhabit.
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而且我們真的能住在裡面。
03:41
The first version was done
in Belgium and Holland.
in Belgium and Holland.
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第一個版本在比利時及荷蘭完成。
03:45
It was built with a team
of almost 50 people.
of almost 50 people.
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由一個將近 50 人的團隊建造。
03:47
This is the second iteration
of that same project,
of that same project,
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這是同一計畫的另一作品，
03:50
but in Slovenia, in a different country,
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但這次是在斯洛維尼亞，
在不同的國家，
在不同的國家，
03:52
and the new group was like, we're going
to do the architecture differently.
to do the architecture differently.
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這個新團隊說，
我們要做完全不同的模型。
我們要做完全不同的模型。
03:56
So they took away the architecture,
they kept the base of the artwork,
they kept the base of the artwork,
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所以他們拆了原來的模型，
只留下作品的基座，
只留下作品的基座，
04:00
and they built an entirely new,
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然後他們在上面做一個
全新、更具生物型態的模型。
04:02
much more biomorphic
architecture on top of that.
architecture on top of that.
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04:05
And that's another
crucial part of the project.
crucial part of the project.
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這是計畫的另一重要部分。
04:07
It's an evolving artwork,
evolving architecture.
evolving architecture.
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藝術作品會進化，模型會進化。
04:11
This was the last version that was just
presented a few weeks ago in Holland,
presented a few weeks ago in Holland,
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這個最新版本
幾個星期前才在荷蘭發表，
幾個星期前才在荷蘭發表，
04:15
which was using caravans
as modules to build a starship.
as modules to build a starship.
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以露營拖車為組件造出的星艦。
04:19
We bought some second-hand caravans,
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我們買了一些二手露營拖車，
04:21
cut them open,
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切開，
04:22
and reassembled them into a starship.
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重組成一艘星艦。
04:25
Now, when we're thinking about starships,
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當我們在想如何造星艦時，
04:28
we're not just approaching it
as a technological challenge.
as a technological challenge.
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我們不只把它視為科技上的挑戰。
我們把它看成三位一體的結合：
04:31
We're really looking at it
as a combination of three systems:
as a combination of three systems:
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04:34
ecology, people and technology.
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生態、人、科技。
04:36
So there's always a strong ecological
component in the project.
component in the project.
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所以在這項計畫中
總是有很強的生態要素。
總是有很強的生態要素。
04:40
Here you can see aquaponic systems
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這裡你們看到的是魚菜共生系統，
04:42
that are actually
surrounding the astronauts,
surrounding the astronauts,
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真正與太空人同在，
04:44
so they're constantly in contact
with part of the food that they're eating.
with part of the food that they're eating.
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所以他們持續接觸他們所吃的食物。
04:50
Now, a very typical thing for this project
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在這個計畫很常見的是，
04:53
is that we run our own isolation missions
inside these art and design projects.
inside these art and design projects.
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我們在這些藝術設計作品中
執行自己的隔離任務。
執行自己的隔離任務。
05:00
We actually lock ourselves up
for multiple days on end,
for multiple days on end,
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我們會連續好幾天把自己關在裡面，
試試我們所造的東西是否合用。
05:03
and test what we build.
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05:05
And this is, for example,
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舉個例，
05:06
on the right hand side
you can see an isolation mission
you can see an isolation mission
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右手邊的這個就是一個隔離任務，
05:09
in the Museum of Modern Art
in Ljubljana in Slovenia,
in Ljubljana in Slovenia,
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位於斯洛維尼亞的
盧比安納現代藝術博物館，
盧比安納現代藝術博物館，
05:12
where six artists and designers
locked themselves up --
locked themselves up --
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六位藝術家及設計家
把自己關在那裡，
把自己關在那裡，
05:15
I was part of that --
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我也是其中之一，
05:16
for four days inside the museum.
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在博物館內關四天。
05:19
And, of course, obviously,
this is a very performative
this is a very performative
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當然，顯然這對我們來說
是一種非常考驗性能、
也是相當強烈的體驗。
也是相當強烈的體驗。
05:21
and very strong experience for all of us.
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05:26
Now, the next version of the project
is currently being developed
is currently being developed
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計畫的下一個版本
現在正在研發，
現在正在研發，
05:30
together with Camilo Rodriguez-Beltran,
who is also a TED Fellow,
who is also a TED Fellow,
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與卡密羅·羅德里奎茲貝爾川合作，
他也是 TED 研究會員，
他也是 TED 研究會員，
05:34
in the Atacama Desert in Chile,
a magical place.
a magical place.
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地點在智利的亞他加馬沙漠，
一個神秘的地方。
一個神秘的地方。
05:38
First of all, it's really
considered a Mars analogue.
considered a Mars analogue.
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首先，這個地方被認為
的確可以模擬火星。
的確可以模擬火星。
05:41
It really does look like Mars
in certain locations
in certain locations
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某些地方看起來的確很像火星，
05:44
and has been used by NASA
to test equipment.
to test equipment.
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太空總署也在那裡測試裝備。
05:48
And it has a long history
of being connected to space
of being connected to space
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那裡也因觀星活動
有著與太空接觸的悠久歷史。
05:51
through observations of the stars.
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05:53
It's now home to ALMA,
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它現在是大型的望遠鏡
「阿爾馬」的所在地，
「阿爾馬」的所在地，
05:55
the large telescope
that's being developed there.
that's being developed there.
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「阿爾馬」正在那裡興建。
05:59
But also, it's the driest
location on the planet,
location on the planet,
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但這也是地球上最乾燥的地方，
06:03
and that makes it extremely interesting
to build our project,
to build our project,
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所以在那裡進行我們的計畫
就極有意思了。
就極有意思了。
06:06
because suddenly, sustainability
is something we have to explore fully.
is something we have to explore fully.
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因為忽然間，
我們需要充分探討永續性。
我們需要充分探討永續性。
06:11
We have no other option,
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我們沒有其它的選擇，
06:13
so I'm very curious to see
what's going to happen.
what's going to happen.
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所以我很好奇想看會發生什麼事。
06:16
Now, a specific thing for this
particular version of the project
particular version of the project
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這個計畫有個很特殊的事項，
06:20
is that I'm very interested to see
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我很有興趣想看到
06:22
how we can connect
with the local population,
with the local population,
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我們如何與當地居民溝通，
06:24
the native population.
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也就是原住民族群。
06:25
These people have been living there
for a very long time
for a very long time
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他們在那裡住了很久，
06:28
and can be considered
experts in sustainability,
experts in sustainability,
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可說是永續性問題的專家。
06:31
and so I'm very interested
to see what we can learn from them,
to see what we can learn from them,
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我很想知道我們
能從他們身上學到什麼，
能從他們身上學到什麼，
06:34
and have an input of indigenous knowledge
into space exploration.
into space exploration.
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將原住民知識注入太空探險中。
06:38
So we're trying to redefine
how we look at our future in outer space
how we look at our future in outer space
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我們試著重新定義
如何看待我們在外太空的未來，
如何看待我們在外太空的未來，
06:43
by exploring integration,
biology, technology and people;
biology, technology and people;
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通過探索生物、科技及人類的整合；
06:48
by using a cocreation approach;
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通過共同創造的方法；
06:50
and by using and exploring
local traditions
local traditions
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並通過運用及探索本土傳統方法，
06:54
and to see how we can learn from the past
and integrate that into our deep future.
and integrate that into our deep future.
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來看我們如何從過去學習，
並整合貢獻給我們遙遠的未來。
並整合貢獻給我們遙遠的未來。
06:58
Thank you.
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謝謝。
07:00
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Angelo Vermeulen - Space researcher, biologist, artistAngelo Vermeulen wears many hats, including one as a crew commander for NASA, another as an artist and community organizer.
Why you should listen
If you're looking for someone who embodies "multidisciplinary," look no further than TED Senior Fellow Angelo Vermeulen, a space systems researcher, biologist, artist and community organizer. The one common thread in all his work: the desire to understand the relationship between nature and technology, to learn from what's happened in the past in order to build a promising future for us all.
Having received his PhD in Biology from the University of Leuven in Belgium, Angelo nonetheless eschewed a life in the lab to apply a creative lens to everything he does. To date, that includes working on independent projects around the world, including Biomodd, a worldwide series of interactive art installations in which technology and nature coexist. Throughout 2011, he was a member of the European Space Agency Topical Team Arts & Science (ETTAS), while in 2013 he was crew commander of the NASA-funded HI-SEAS Mars mission simulation in Hawaii. For this project, he and a crew of six astronauts lived for four months in a dome, all in the name of studying the effects of longterm isolation among a small crew.
In 2009 he launched SEAD (Space Ecologies Art and Design), a platform for research on the architectures and ethics of space colonization. In 2014, he launched Seeker, a project calling for the public to co-create starship sculptures that evolve over time; this subject is also the focus of a new PhD at Delft University of Technology, for which he's developing "paradigm-shifting concepts for evolvable starships."
In 2012 he was a Michael Kalil Endowment for Smart Design Fellow at Parsons in New York. He holds positions at LUCA School of Visual Arts in Ghent, Belgium, and Die Angewandte in Vienna, Austria.
Angelo Vermeulen | Speaker | TED.com