ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholar
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world.

Why you should listen

Religious thinker Karen Armstrong has written more than 20 books on faith and the major religions, studying what Islam, Judaism and Christianity have in common, and how our faiths shaped world history and drive current events.

A former nun, Armstrong has written two books about this experience: Through the Narrow Gate, about her seven years in the convent, and The Spiral Staircase, about her subsequent spiritual awakening, when she developed her iconoclastic take on the major monotheistic religions -- and on the strains of fundamentalism common to all. She is a powerful voice for ecumenical understanding.

Armstrong's 2008 TED Prize wish asked the world to help her create the Charter for Compassion, a document based on the Golden Rule: that we should treat others how we would want to be treated. In fall 2008, the first draft of the charter was written by the world, via a multilingual website that allowed all to comment. In February 2009, the words were given to the Council of Conscience, a gathering of religious leaders and thinkers, who crafted the final document based on global input. The Charter was officially launched in November 2009. It has been signed by notable world leaders including Pope Benedict XVI, the Dalai Lama, Desmond Tutu, Deepak Chopra and Muhammad Ali. The Charter has led to the creation of the Charter for Compassion International (CCI) organization, the Compassionate Communities campaign, and Global Compassion Council -- a group of leaders continuing the movement around the the world.

More profile about the speaker
Karen Armstrong | Speaker | TED.com
TED2008

Karen Armstrong: My wish: The Charter for Compassion

凱倫.阿姆斯壯的TED獲獎心願:仁愛憲章的誕生

Filmed:
1,787,721 views

凱倫.阿姆斯壯說:人們希望對宗教保持虔誠,我們應當盡力使宗教成為社會和諧的力量。她呼籲TED社團成員跟她一起在全球建立《仁愛憲章》,讓黃金法則重新成為全球社會的中心思想。
- Religious scholar
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Well, this is such這樣 an honor榮譽. And it's wonderful精彩 to be
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這真是無比的榮譽,也非常高興
00:18
in the presence存在 of an organization組織 that is really making製造 a difference區別 in the world世界.
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成為這個團體的一員。因為這個團體為世界帶來的改變是有目共睹的。
00:24
And I'm intensely激烈 grateful感激 for the opportunity機會 to speak說話 to you today今天.
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我更加感恩今天能有這個機會來對你們對話。
00:30
And I'm also rather surprised詫異, because when I look back on my life
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而同時我也心存訝異,因為當我回顧我的過去
00:37
the last thing I ever wanted to do was write, or be in any way involved參與 in religion宗教.
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我最不願意做的就是與宗教有關的事情了,不管是寫作還是以其他的方式。
00:46
After I left my convent修道院, I'd finished with religion宗教, frankly坦率地說.
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說實話,在我離開了修道院後,我跟就沒有做跟宗教有關的事情了。
00:50
I thought that was it.
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我當時想那樣就是結束了
00:51
And for 13 years年份 I kept不停 clear明確 of it. I wanted to be an English英語 literature文學 professor教授.
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的確長達13年,我都沒有接觸過它。我想做的是成為一位英國文學教授。
00:59
And I certainly當然 didn't even want to be a writer作家, particularly尤其.
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我更沒有特別想做個作家。
01:03
But then I suffered遭遇 a series系列 of career事業 catastrophes災難,
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但接著我遭遇到一連串的事業挫敗,
01:08
one after the other, and finally最後 found發現 myself in television電視. (Laughter笑聲)
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接二連三,終於進入了電視業 (笑聲)
01:18
I said that to Bill法案 Moyers莫耶斯, and he said, "Oh, we take anybody任何人." (Laughter笑聲)
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我對比爾莫耶斯(Bill Moyer)這樣說,然後他回我“哦,我們誰都接受” (笑聲)
01:22
And I was doing some rather controversial爭論的 religious宗教 programs程式.
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那時我做過一些頗具爭議的宗教性節目
01:27
This went down very well in the U.K., where religion宗教 is extremely非常 unpopular不得人心.
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這個節目在宗教議題十分冷門的英國播出後,非常的成功
01:34
And so, for once一旦, for the only time in my life, I was finally最後 in the mainstream主流.
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這一回,我終於生平第一次的成為社會的主流
01:39
But I got sent發送 to Jerusalem耶路撒冷 to make a film電影 about early Christianity基督教.
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但是有一次為了拍攝有關早期基督教的影片時,我去了趟耶路撒冷
01:46
And there, for the first time, I encountered遇到 the other religious宗教 traditions傳統:
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就是在那裡,我第一次瞭解到其他的宗教
01:51
Judaism猶太教 and Islam伊斯蘭教, the sister妹妹 religions宗教 of Christianity基督教.
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猶太教與伊斯蘭教,基督教的姐妹宗教
01:56
And while I found發現 I knew知道 nothing about these faiths信仰 at all --
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我發現我對這兩個宗教的信仰一無所知
02:00
despite儘管 my own擁有 intensely激烈 religious宗教 background背景,
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盡管我已經學習了很多年的宗教學問
02:05
I'd seen看到 Judaism猶太教 only as a kind of prelude序幕 to Christianity基督教,
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我以前認為猶太教不過是基督教的前奏
02:08
and I knew知道 nothing about Islam伊斯蘭教 at all.
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對伊斯蘭教更可謂一無所知了
02:11
But in that city, that tortured折磨 city,
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但是就在那個歷經滄桑的城市
02:14
where you see the three faiths信仰 jostling擁擠 so uneasily不安 together一起,
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那片三大宗教你爭我奪的聖地
02:20
you also become成為 aware知道的 of the profound深刻 connection連接 between之間 them.
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你也會慢慢意識到這三大宗教之間深刻的樞紐
02:23
And it has been the study研究 of other religious宗教 traditions傳統 that brought me back
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這正是對其他宗教的研究讓我
02:28
to a sense of what religion宗教 can be, and actually其實 enabled啟用 me
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重新思考到底甚麼是宗教,也啟發我
02:32
to look at my own擁有 faith信仰 in a different不同 light.
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從不同角度重新審查自己的信仰
02:35
And I found發現 some astonishing驚人 things in the course課程 of my study研究
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在研究的過程之中我發現了一些令我驚訝的事情
02:39
that had never occurred發生 to me. Frankly坦率地說, in the days when I thought I'd had it with religion宗教,
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這些事情我以前從未想到過。其實就在我覺得我跟宗教無緣的那段時間
02:46
I just found發現 the whole整個 thing absolutely絕對 incredible難以置信.
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我突然發現所有的一切都是那麼的令人難以置信
02:49
These doctrines學說 seemed似乎 unproven未經證實, abstract抽象.
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那些宗教教條看起來無法證明,而且抽象無比
02:55
And to my astonishment驚愕, when I began開始 seriously認真地 studying研究 other traditions傳統,
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另我吃驚的是,當我開始認真地研究基督教以外的其他宗教時
03:02
I began開始 to realize實現 that belief信仰 -- which哪一個 we make such這樣 a fuss小題大作 about today今天 --
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我意識到,"信仰"這個我們奉若主杲的事
03:08
is only a very recent最近 religious宗教 enthusiasm熱情
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不過是一種近代才產生的宗教熱忱
03:13
that surfaced浮出水面 only in the West西, in about the 17th century世紀.
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它是17世紀才出現在西方的
03:19
The word "belief信仰" itself本身 originally本來 meant意味著 to love, to prize, to hold保持 dear.
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"信仰"這一詞的原意是關愛、贊賞及珍視
03:26
In the 17th century世紀, it narrowed收窄 its focus焦點,
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到了17世紀,這個詞的含義變窄了
03:30
for reasons原因 that I'm exploring探索 in a book I'm writing寫作 at the moment時刻,
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其中的原因我正在寫書進行探究
03:33
to include包括 -- to mean an intellectual知識分子 assent同意 to a set of propositions命題, a credo信條.
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這個詞的含義變成了,對一組命題進行理智的考量後予以認可,也就是信條
03:42
"I believe:" it did not mean, "I accept接受 certain某些 creedal信條 articles用品 of faith信仰."
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"我相信"這句話的意思本來並不是"我完全接受某一宗教的信條"
03:48
It meant意味著: "I commit承諾 myself. I engage從事 myself."
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而是說:"我忠於這些信條,並且我會盡可能地做到這些"
03:52
Indeed確實, some of the world世界 traditions傳統 think very little of religious宗教 orthodoxy正統.
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世界上很多傳統宗教也確實都對正統宗教學說不以為然
03:59
In the Quran古蘭經, religious宗教 opinion意見 -- religious宗教 orthodoxy正統 -- is dismissed駁回 as "zanna贊納:"
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在可蘭經中,教義的正統學說像贊那(zanna)一樣的不被接受
04:05
self-indulgent放縱的 guesswork猜測 about matters事項 that nobody沒有人 can be certain某些 of one way or the other,
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對沒有人能確定的事情進行無修止的無聊猜測
04:11
but which哪一個 makes品牌 people quarrelsome爭吵 and stupidly愣神 sectarian宗派. (Laughter笑聲)
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但只令各宗教間不斷爭吵、讓人們成為愚蠢的宗教主義者(笑聲)
04:14
So if religion宗教 is not about believing相信 things, what is it about?
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那麼如果宗教不是關於信的問題,那又是甚麼呢?
04:21
What I've found發現, across橫過 the board, is that religion宗教 is about behaving行為 differently不同.
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經過全面的研究,我發現宗教的意義是改變人的行為
04:26
Instead代替 of deciding決定 whether是否 or not you believe in God, first you do something.
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與其去決定是不是相信上帝或神明,不如去試者做一些事情
04:32
You behave表現 in a committed提交 way,
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你實實在在的去做一些事情以後,
04:33
and then you begin開始 to understand理解 the truths真理 of religion宗教.
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你就逐漸的開始能理解宗教的真諦了
04:37
And religious宗教 doctrines學說 are meant意味著 to be summons傳票 to action行動;
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這些宗教的教條其實是對實際行動的引導
04:44
you only understand理解 them when you put them into practice實踐.
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只有在實踐中才能領誤到其中的真諦
04:48
Now, pride自豪 of place地點 in this practice實踐 is given特定 to compassion同情.
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而實踐中最最重要的非"仁愛"莫屬了
04:56
And it is an arresting逮捕 fact事實 that right across橫過 the board,
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值得注意的一個事實是
05:01
in every一切 single one of the major重大的 world世界 faiths信仰, compassion同情 --
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在世界上所有主要的宗教信仰中,仁愛
05:05
the ability能力 to feel with the other in the way we've我們已經 been thinking思維 about this evening晚間 --
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能對他人感同身受的能力,正如我們今晚所想
05:10
is not only the test測試 of any true真正 religiosity篤信, it is also what will bring帶來 us
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不僅是一個宗教是否有真正信仰的試金石,它也是將
05:18
into the presence存在 of what Jews猶太人, Christians基督徒 and Muslims穆斯林 call "God" or the "Divine神聖."
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帶到"上帝"或是"神明"面前的力量,無論這個上帝是猶太人、基督徒還是穆斯林的
05:23
It is compassion同情, says the Buddha, which哪一個 brings帶來 you to Nirvana.
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佛教中說的慈悲之心帶你走向涅盤
05:29
Why? Because in compassion同情, when we feel with the other,
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為甚麼這樣說呢?因為當我們以仁愛之心對待他人
05:33
we dethrone廢王位 ourselves我們自己 from the center中央 of our world世界 and we put
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我們會把他人而不是自己看做是世界的中心
05:38
another另一個 person there. And once一旦 we get rid擺脫 of ego自我, then we're ready準備 to see the Divine神聖.
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一旦我們不再唯我獨尊,我們就能看見神明
05:46
And in particular特定, every一切 single one of the major重大的 world世界 traditions傳統 has highlighted突出 -- has said --
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值得注意的是,世界上的各大宗教教派都強調這一點
05:54
and put at the core核心 of their tradition傳統 what's become成為 known已知 as the Golden金色 Rule規則.
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都把這一黃金原則列為教義的核心
05:59
First propoundedpropounded by Confucius孔子 five centuries百年 before Christ基督:
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早在公元前五百年,孔子就首先提出了這一點
06:03
"Do not do to others其他 what you would not like them to do to you."
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"己所不欲,勿施於人"
06:07
That, he said, was the central中央 thread which哪一個 ran through通過 all his teaching教學
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他認為這是他所有教育思想的核心
06:11
and that his disciples弟子 should put into practice實踐 all day and every一切 day.
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只要是他的弟子,每天都要做到這一點
06:16
And it was -- the Golden金色 Rule規則 would bring帶來 them to the transcendent超然 value that he called "ren,"
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正是這一黃金原則使人們形成一種超然的價值觀,這就是他所謂的仁
06:21
human-heartedness人心腸, which哪一個 was a transcendent超然 experience經驗 in itself本身.
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也就是人與人之間的關愛。這種關愛本身就是超然的。
06:27
And this is absolutely絕對 crucial關鍵 to the monotheisms一神教, too.
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這對於一神論者來說也是重要的
06:34
There's a famous著名 story故事 about the great rabbi拉比, Hillel希勒爾, the older舊的 contemporary現代的 of Jesus耶穌.
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有一個著名故事是關於猶太拉比席勒爾(Hillel)的,他是跟耶穌同一個時代的長者
06:37
A pagan異教徒 came來了 to him and offered提供 to convert兌換 to Judaism猶太教 if the rabbi拉比 could
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有一個異教徒來到拉比面前,說只要拉比能在自己用一條腿站力的時間內
06:42
recite背誦 the whole整個 of Jewish猶太 teaching教學 while he stood站在 on one leg.
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背出整個猶太教義,它就願意成為猶太教徒
06:45
Hillel希勒爾 stood站在 on one leg and said, "That which哪一個 is hateful可惡 to you,
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席勒爾抬起一條腿,說到,"如果有甚麼事情是你所痛恨的,
06:49
do not do to your neighbor鄰居. That is the Torah托拉. The rest休息 is commentary評論.
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那麼不要對你的鄰居做同樣的事情。這就是教律,其他的都只是評論而已
06:54
Go and study研究 it." (Laughter笑聲)
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你自己去仔細研究吧"(笑聲)
06:56
And "go and study研究 it" was what he meant意味著.
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"你自己去研究"的確是他要說的
07:00
He said, "In your exegesis註釋, you must必須 make it clear明確
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他說:"在你所做的考證當中,一定要弄清楚
07:04
that every一切 single verse of the Torah托拉 is a commentary評論, a gloss掩飾 upon the Golden金色 Rule規則."
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教律的每一句話都是評論,是對黃金法則所做的注解"
07:12
The great Rabbi拉比 Meir梅厄 said that any interpretation解釋 of Scripture聖經 which哪一個
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著名的拉比梅爾(Meir)曾說,任何對教義的解釋,
07:19
led to hatred and disdain蔑視, or contempt鄙視 of other people --
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如果結果導致的是對他人-無論是甚麼人-的仇恨、排斥和蔑視,
07:24
any people whatsoever任何 -- was illegitimate非法的.
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那麼這樣的解釋一定是有悖教律的
07:27
Saint Augustine奧古斯丁 made製作 exactly究竟 the same相同 point.
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聖.奧古斯丁(Saint Augustine)的看法與之不謀而合
07:30
Scripture聖經, he says, "teaches nothing but charity慈善機構, and we must必須 not leave離開
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他說:"經文要教給我們的,其實除了仁慈之外並無其他的東西
07:36
an interpretation解釋 of Scripture聖經 until直到 we have found發現 a compassionate富於同情心的 interpretation解釋 of it."
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對經文唯一合理的解釋,就是充滿仁愛的解釋"
07:43
And this struggle鬥爭 to find compassion同情 in some of these rather rebarbative令人討厭 texts文本
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有一些經文看上去令人生厭,要從中找到仁慈
07:49
is a good dress連衣裙 rehearsal排演 for doing the same相同 in ordinary普通 life. (Applause掌聲)
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這本身就是對在生活中實踐這些教義的最好預演(掌聲)
07:55
But now look at our world世界. And we are living活的 in a world世界 that is --
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現在看看我們這個世界。我們生活在一個
08:02
where religion宗教 has been hijacked劫持. Where terrorists恐怖分子 cite引用 Quranic古蘭經 verses經文 to justify辯解 their atrocities暴行.
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信仰被劫持的現實之中。恐怖份子打著可蘭經的旗號大施其暴
08:13
Where instead代替 of taking服用 Jesus'耶穌' words, "Love your enemies敵人.
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僅管耶穌早箴言:"要愛你的敵人,
08:20
Don't judge法官 others其他," we have the spectacle場面 of Christians基督徒 endlessly不休 judging判斷 other people,
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不要妄斷他人",還是有基督徒仍然我行我素的對他人妄加推測
08:27
endlessly不休 using運用 Scripture聖經 as a way of arguing爭論 with other people,
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沒完沒了的拿著聖經要跟別人一爭高下,
08:33
putting other people down. Throughout始終 the ages年齡, religion宗教 has been used to oppress壓迫 others其他,
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直到打倒別人。這麼多年來,宗教一直被當做打壓他人的武器,
08:41
and this is because of human人的 ego自我, human人的 greed貪心.
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而這完全是出於人類的自負和貪婪
08:45
We have a talent天賦 as a species種類 for messing搞亂 up wonderful精彩 things.
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我們人類有著破壞美好事物的天賦
08:50
So the traditions傳統 also insisted堅持 -- and this is an important重要 point, I think --
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我們的傳統同時教導我們,這一點我認為非常的重要,
08:57
that you could not and must必須 not confine局限 your compassion同情
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那就是你不能只把仁愛施向
09:00
to your own擁有 group: your own擁有 nation國家, your own擁有 co-religionists教友,
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你自己身旁的人:你的國家、跟你有著同樣信仰的人、
09:07
your own擁有 fellow同伴 countrymen同胞. You must必須 have what one of the Chinese中文 sages先賢 called "jian ai":
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你的同鄉。你必需擁有一顆中國人所說的"仁愛之心,
09:12
concern關心 for everybody每個人. Love your enemies敵人. Honor榮譽 the stranger陌生人.
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也就是要關心他人、愛你的敵人、尊重陌生人
09:18
We formed形成 you, says the Quran古蘭經, into tribes部落 and nations國家 so that you may可能 know one another另一個.
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可蘭經說的很好:"我把你們分成部落、族群,是要你們去互相瞭解對方"
09:24
And this, again -- this universal普遍 outreach推廣 -- is getting得到 subdued制服 in the strident刺耳 use of religion宗教 --
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但這傳統,這個心懷大愛的傳統,正被以宗教之名
09:34
abuse濫用 of religion宗教 -- for nefarious邪惡 gains收益.
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利用於達到邪惡目的、和對信仰的濫用中消失殆盡。
09:40
Now, I've lost丟失 count計數 of the number of taxi出租車 drivers司機 who,
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我已經不記得有多少計程車司機,
09:44
when I say to them what I do for a living活的, inform通知 me that religion宗教
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在得知我做甚麼工作的時候告訴我說
09:49
has been the cause原因 of all the major重大的 world世界 wars戰爭 in history歷史. Wrong錯誤.
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歷史上所有主要的戰爭都是宗教引起的。錯!
09:53
The causes原因 of our present當下 woes困境 are political政治.
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這些紛爭都是政治引起的
09:58
But, make no mistake錯誤 about it, religion宗教 is a kind of fault故障 line,
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但不否認,宗教可能成為障礙點,
10:09
and when a conflict衝突 gets得到 ingrained根深蒂固 in a region地區, religion宗教 can get sucked in
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當一場衝突跟宗教攪在一起的時候,宗教就可能陷入其中
10:13
and become成為 part部分 of the problem問題. Our modernity現代 has been exceedingly非常 violent暴力.
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成為問題的一部份。我們的近代史之中充滿了暴力
10:18
Between之間 1914 and 1945, 70 million百萬 people died死亡 in Europe歐洲 alone單獨 as a result結果 of armed武裝 conflict衝突.
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1914年到1945年之間,光是歐洲地區就有七千萬人死於暴力衝突之中
10:28
And so many許多 of our institutions機構, even football足球, which哪一個 used to be a pleasant愉快 pastime消遣,
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有很多現在我們社會中的活動,像是足球這樣應該是消遣的娛樂活動
10:37
now causes原因 riots暴動 where people even die.
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如今也會引發暴亂,引起死亡
10:42
And it's not surprising奇怪 that religion宗教, too, has been affected受影響 by this violent暴力 ethos社會思潮.
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宗教也會受到這些暴力因素的影響,這並不奇怪
10:49
There's also a great deal合同, I think, of religious宗教 illiteracy文盲 around.
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況且還存在著大量的宗教文盲群體
10:57
People seem似乎 to think, now equate等同 religious宗教 faith信仰 with believing相信 things.
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人們總是認為宗教信仰就是去相信一些事情
11:02
As though雖然 that -- we call religious宗教 people often經常 believers信徒,
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所以我們經常把宗教人式稱為信徒
11:07
as though雖然 that were the main主要 thing that they do. And very often經常, secondary次要 goals目標
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就好像這是他們的全部,而他們主要也就是只有做這些事。常常是這樣,次要的目標
11:14
get pushed into the first place地點, in place地點 of compassion同情 and the Golden金色 Rule規則.
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取代了主要的目標,取代了"仁愛"原則和黃金法則
11:20
Because the Golden金色 Rule規則 is difficult. I sometimes有時 -- when I'm speaking請講 to
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因為黃金法則很難做到。有時候,當我向大眾
11:26
congregations about compassion同情, I sometimes有時 see
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宣講仁愛的時候,我有時候會看到
11:30
a mutinous譁變 expression表達 crossing路口 some of their faces面孔 because
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他們臉上都有抗拒的表情,這是因為宗教
11:37
a lot of religious宗教 people prefer比較喜歡 to be right, rather than compassionate富於同情心的. (Laughter笑聲)
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很多宗教人士更熱衷於爭論誰對誰錯,而不是如何施以仁愛之心(笑聲)
11:43
Now -- but that's not the whole整個 story故事.
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其實還不只是這樣
11:47
Since以來 September九月 the 11th, when my work on Islam伊斯蘭教 suddenly突然 propelled推進的 me
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自從911發生之後,我對伊斯蘭教的研究瞬間把我
11:53
into public上市 life, in a way that I'd never imagined想像, I've been able能夠 to sort分類 of go all over the world世界,
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推向公眾視野,這是我始料未及的。我也有機會到全世界各地走走
12:00
and finding發現, everywhere到處 I go, a yearning懷念 for change更改.
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從而發現無論我走到哪裡,渴望改變的呼聲無所不在
12:06
I've just come back from Pakistan巴基斯坦, where literally按照字面 thousands數千 of people came來了 to my lectures講座,
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我剛從巴基斯坦回來,那裏有數以千計的人來聽我的演講
12:14
because they were yearning懷念, first of all, to hear a friendly友善 Western西 voice語音.
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因為首先他們非常希望聽到一些來自西方友好的聲音
12:18
And especially特別 the young年輕 people were coming未來. And were asking me --
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特別是有很多年輕的聽眾,他們問我
12:25
the young年輕 people were saying, "What can we do? What can we do to change更改 things?"
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這些年輕人說:"我們能做些什麼?我們要怎麼做才能改變現狀?"
12:30
And my hosts主機 in Pakistan巴基斯坦 said, "Look, don't be too polite有禮貌 to us.
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巴基斯坦的主持人說:"看看,你不要對我們太禮貌了
12:37
Tell us where we're going wrong錯誤. Let's talk together一起 about where religion宗教 is failing失敗."
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告訴我們哪裡出了問題。讓我們一起來討論到底為甚麼信仰會導致這樣的結果"
12:43
Because it seems似乎 to me that with -- our current當前 situation情況 is so serious嚴重
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在我看來,在我們現實狀況如此嚴峻之下,
12:50
at the moment時刻 that any ideology思想 that doesn't promote促進 a sense of global全球 understanding理解
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任何不提倡增進全球範圍內互相理解和欣賞
12:59
and global全球 appreciation升值 of each other is failing失敗 the test測試 of the time.
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的意識形態都將難以通過時間的檢驗
13:05
And religion宗教, with its wide following以下 ... Here in the United聯合的 States狀態,
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宗教信仰目前還是很受追捧的。在美國
13:11
people may可能 be being存在 religious宗教 in a different不同 way, as a report報告 has just shown顯示 --
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儘管像報告所顯示,人們可能用著不同方式信仰宗教
13:17
but they still want to be religious宗教. It's only Western西 Europe歐洲 that has retained保留 its secularism世俗主義,
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但是人們還是希望擁有信仰的。只有西歐仍保持著現世主義,
13:25
which哪一個 is now beginning開始 to look rather endearingly親暱 old-fashioned過時.
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這現在看起來稍微有些過時了
13:28
But people want to be religious宗教, and religion宗教 should be made製作
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人們還是希望有信仰的,宗教也應該成為
13:35
to be a force for harmony和諧 in the world世界, which哪一個 it can and should be --
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一個社會和諧的推動力量。宗教有這個能力,也應該這樣去做
13:40
because of the Golden金色 Rule規則.
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這都是因為黃金法則的存在
13:43
"Do not do to others其他 what you would not have them do to you":
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"己所不欲,勿施於人"
13:47
an ethos社會思潮 that should now be applied應用的 globally全球.
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這是一個全球適用的準則
13:50
We should not treat對待 other nations國家 as we would not wish希望 to be treated治療 ourselves我們自己.
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我們不應該把自己不願意做的事情強加於別國,
13:57
And these -- whatever隨你 our wretched可憐 beliefs信仰 -- is a religious宗教 matter, it's a spiritual精神 matter.
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無論我們具體的信仰是什麼,這都是有關宗教、有關精神的準則
14:05
It's a profound深刻 moral道德 matter that engages嚙合 and should engage從事 us all.
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這是影響深遠的道德準則,我們每一個人都應該遵循的
14:10
And as I say, there is a hunger飢餓 for change更改 out there.
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如我所說的,人們對改變的渴望真真切切
14:14
Here in the United聯合的 States狀態, I think you see it in this election選舉 campaign運動: a longing渴望 for change更改.
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在美國,我相信你們在這次的總統競選中都看到了對於改變的渴望,
14:20
And people in churches教堂 all over and mosques清真寺 all over this continent大陸 after September九月 the 11th,
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以及911以後各地的教堂和當地的清真寺
14:30
coming未來 together一起 locally本地 to create創建 networks網絡 of understanding理解.
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攜手創建相互理解的網路
14:36
With the mosque清真寺, with the synagogue會堂, saying, "We must必須 start開始 to speak說話 to one another另一個."
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清真寺和猶太教會紛紛提議:"我們必須開始互相對話"
14:41
I think it's time that we moved移動 beyond the idea理念 of toleration容忍 and move移動 toward appreciation升值 of the other.
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我認為現在已經到了我們互相容忍走向互相欣賞的時候了
14:52
I'd -- there's one story故事 I'd just like to mention提到.
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我只想講一個故事
14:57
This comes from "The Iliad伊利亞特." But it tells告訴 you what this spirituality靈性 should be.
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故事來自《伊利亞特》,但他能告訴我們這種精神是什麼
15:03
You know the story故事 of "The Iliad伊利亞特," the 10-year-年 war戰爭 between之間 Greece希臘 and Troy特洛伊.
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你們都知道《伊利亞特》的故事,是關於希臘和特洛伊國長達10年間的戰爭
15:08
In one incident事件, Achilles阿喀琉斯, the famous著名 warrior戰士 of Greece希臘, takes his troops軍隊 out of the war戰爭,
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在一次的事件之中,阿格琉斯(Achilles),著名的希臘戰士,將自己的隊伍撤離了戰場,
15:13
and the whole整個 war戰爭 effort功夫 suffers患有. And in the course課程 of the ensuing隨後 muddle糊塗,
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於是整個戰事受到了影響。在接下來的混戰之中
15:19
his beloved心愛 friend朋友, Patroclus帕特羅克洛斯, is killed殺害 -- and killed殺害 in single combat戰鬥
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他的好朋友,普特洛克勒施(Patroclus),在一場一對一的戰鬥慘遭殺害,
15:25
by one of the Trojan木馬 princes王子, Hector赫克托. And Achilles阿喀琉斯 goes mad with grief哀思 and rage憤怒 and revenge復仇,
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殺他的是特洛伊王子赫克托(Hector)。阿格琉斯既悲痛又憤怒,發誓要報仇
15:30
and he mutilates毀傷 the body身體. He kills殺死 Hector赫克托, he mutilates毀傷 his body身體
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他殺了赫克托,然後肢解了他的屍體
15:40
and then he refuses拒絕 to give the body身體 back for burial葬禮 to the family家庭,
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他還拒絕將屍體還給赫克施的家人,
15:44
which哪一個 means手段 that, in Greek希臘語 ethos社會思潮, Hector'sHector的 soul靈魂 will wander漫步 eternally萬古, lost丟失.
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屍體無法下葬,這在古希臘傳統之中就意味著赫克托的靈魂會一直遊蕩,不得安息
15:51
And then one night, Priam普里阿摩斯, king國王 of Troy特洛伊, an old man,
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然後有一天晚上,特洛伊的老國王普賴姆(Priam)
15:55
comes into the Greek希臘語 camp incognito匿名, makes品牌 his way to Achilles'阿基里斯 tent帳篷
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化名來到希臘戰營,找到了阿格琉斯的帳篷,
16:00
to ask for the body身體 of his son兒子.
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向他要自己兒子的屍體
16:03
And everybody每個人 is shocked吃驚 when the old man takes off his head covering覆蓋 and shows節目 himself他自己.
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當老人取下自己的頭巾時,在場的每個人都驚訝不已
16:10
And Achilles阿喀琉斯 looks容貌 at him and thinks of his father父親. And he starts啟動 to weep哭泣.
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阿格琉斯看著老人,想到了自己的父親,於是開始抽泣
16:18
And Priam普里阿摩斯 looks容貌 at the man who has murdered謀殺 so many許多 of his sons兒子,
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老國王看著這個殺害了無數自己子民的年輕人,
16:22
and he, too, starts啟動 to weep哭泣. And the sound聲音 of their weeping filled填充 the house.
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他也開始哭泣。房屋裡充滿了他們哭泣的聲音
16:27
The Greeks希臘人 believed相信 that weeping together一起 created創建 a bond between之間 people.
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希臘人相信一起哭泣能拉近人與人之間的感情
16:32
And then Achilles阿喀琉斯 takes the body身體 of Hector赫克托, he hands it very tenderly溫柔 to the father父親,
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於是阿格琉斯拿出赫克托的屍體,小心翼翼地歸還給老國王
16:40
and the two men男人 look at each other, and see each other as divine神聖.
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兩個人對視一眼,都將對方視為聖者
16:45
That is the ethos社會思潮 found發現, too, in all the religions宗教.
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這種精神存在於所有的宗教信仰之中
16:53
It's what is meant意味著 by overcoming克服 the horror恐怖 that we feel when we are under threat威脅 of our enemies敵人,
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就是我們能夠克服在受到敵人威脅時所感到的恐懼
16:59
and beginning開始 to appreciate欣賞 the other.
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並最終開始能夠欣賞我們的敵人
17:02
It's of great importance重要性 that the word for "holy" in Hebrew希伯來語, applied應用的 to God, is "KadoshKadosh": separate分離, other.
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"神聖"這個詞在希伯來語中,當用來形容上帝的時候,是"Kadosh",也就是獨特的、另一方的意思,這個詞意義非凡
17:11
And it is often經常, perhaps也許, the very otherness差異性 of our enemies敵人 which哪一個 can
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很多時候,也許正是敵人身上的這種"異質",
17:17
give us intimations暗示 of that utterly完全 mysterious神秘 transcendence超越 which哪一個 is God.
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幫我們接受來自上帝的神祕暗示
17:23
And now, here's這裡的 my wish希望:
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下面是我的願望:
17:26
I wish希望 that you would help with the creation創建,
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我希望妳們能幫助創建、
17:32
launch發射 and propagation傳播 of a Charter憲章 for Compassion同情,
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啟動和宣傳"仁愛憲章"
17:38
crafted精雕細琢 by a group of inspirational勵志 thinkers思想家 from
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它是由一個創新思想家團體起草的
17:44
the three Abrahamic亞伯拉罕 traditions傳統 of Judaism猶太教, Christianity基督教 and Islam伊斯蘭教,
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這些哲人來自有著共同亞伯拉罕祖先的三個宗教:猶太教、基督教和伊斯蘭教
17:48
and based基於 on the fundamental基本的 principle原理 of the Golden金色 Rule規則.
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憲章的撰寫以"黃金法則"作為基本原則
17:53
We need to create創建 a movement運動 among其中 all these people that I meet遇到 in my travels旅行 --
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我們需要發起一場運動,把我在路途上遇到的這些人都團結在一起
18:01
you probably大概 meet遇到, too -- who want to join加入 up, in some way,
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這些人你們可能也曾碰到過,他們希望以某種方式團結起來
18:05
and reclaim回收 their faith信仰, which哪一個 they feel, as I say, has been hijacked劫持.
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為他們已經被劫持的宗教信仰正名
18:10
We need to empower授權 people to remember記得 the compassionate富於同情心的 ethos社會思潮,
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我們需要讓人們重拾"仁愛"之心
18:16
and to give guidelines方針. This Charter憲章 would not be a massive大規模的 document文件.
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並對他們進行引導。這個憲章不會是個面面俱到的大部頭經文
18:20
I'd like to see it -- to give guidelines方針 as to how to interpret the Scriptures聖經,
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我希望看到的是,它引導人們如何對宗教經典進行正確的解讀
18:28
these texts文本 that are being存在 abused濫用. Remember記得 what the rabbis拉比 and what Augustine奧古斯丁
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因為這些經文已經被濫用了。還記得拉比們和奧古斯汀說過的
18:34
said about how Scripture聖經 should be governed治理 by the principle原理 of charity慈善機構.
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經文應該服務於慈善原則嗎?
18:37
Let's get back to that. And the idea理念, too, of Jews猶太人, Christians基督徒 and Muslims穆斯林 --
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讓我們回到這個原則。這個原則是猶太人、基督徒和穆斯林共同的傳統
18:43
these traditions傳統 now so often經常 at loggerheads相持不下 -- working加工 together一起 to
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然而這些傳統如今經常互相發生不和。我們想團結起來
18:48
create創建 a document文件 which哪一個 we hope希望 will be signed by a thousand, at least最小,
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創建一個文檔,讓世界各地至少一千位
18:55
of major重大的 religious宗教 leaders領導者 from all the traditions傳統 of the world世界.
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主要的宗教領袖聯合簽名
18:59
And you are the people. I'm just a solitary scholar學者.
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你們才是行動者,我只是一個孤零零的學者
19:03
Despite儘管 the idea理念 that I love a good time, which哪一個 I was rather amazed吃驚 to see coming未來 up on me
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儘管我是個不喜歡孤軍奮戰的人,但(這個運動這麼受歡迎)還是出乎我的意料-
19:09
-- I actually其實 spend a great deal合同 of time alone單獨, studying研究, and I'm not very --
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我其實花了很多時間一個人待著做研究。我並不是非常...
19:15
you're the people with media媒體 knowledge知識 to explain說明 to me how we can get this to everybody每個人,
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你們才是具備了媒體知識的人,能夠教我如何把這些信息傳達給每個人
19:22
everybody每個人 on the planet行星. I've had some preliminary初步 talks會談,
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這個地球上的每個人。我已經做過一些預演性的演講
19:26
and Archbishop大主教 Desmond德斯蒙德 Tutu楚楚, for example,
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比如說屠圖大主教
19:29
is very happy快樂 to give his name名稱 to this, as is Imam阿訇 Feisal費薩爾 Rauf拉烏夫, the Imam阿訇 in New York紐約 City.
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就很高興把他的名字給我,菲索.洛夫(Faisal Rauf),紐約市的伊瑪目,也非常樂意
19:39
Also, I would be working加工 with the Alliance聯盟 of Civilizations文明 at the United聯合的 Nations國家.
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我還將跟聯合國的"文明戰線"一起工作
19:47
I was part部分 of that United聯合的 Nations國家 initiative倡議 called the Alliance聯盟 of Civilizations文明,
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我是聯合國發起的"文明戰線"組織的一員
19:55
which哪一個 was asked by Kofi科菲 Annan安南 to diagnose診斷 the causes原因 of extremism極端主義,
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這個組織是由科菲.安南建議創建,用來診斷宗教及極端分子的起源
20:01
and to give practical實際的 guidelines方針 to member會員 states狀態 about how to avoid避免 the escalation升級 of further進一步 extremism極端主義.
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並向成員國提共預防極端活動升級的實用指南
20:10
And the Alliance聯盟 has told me that they are very happy快樂 to work with it.
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"文明戰線"的人們告訴我說他們很樂意為這而工作
20:14
The importance重要性 of this is that this is -- I can see some of you starting開始 to look worried擔心,
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這件事情的重要性在於 - 我能看到你們臉上已經有些擔憂的表情了
20:20
because you think it's a slow and cumbersome笨重 body身體 --
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因為你們認為這將是個緩慢又累贅的機構
20:23
but what the United聯合的 Nations國家 can do is give us some neutrality中立,
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但聯合國能夠給我們的工作提供一些中立性
20:26
so that this isn't seen看到 as a Western西 or a Christian基督教 initiative倡議, but that it's coming未來,
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證明這些工作不適一個西方的或者基督教的活動,而是來自
20:32
as it were, from the United聯合的 Nations國家, from the world世界 --
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聯合國,來自整個世界
20:35
who would help with the sort分類 of bureaucracy官僚 of this.
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的所有願意伸出援手的人
20:41
And so I do urge敦促 you to join加入 me in making製造 -- in this charter憲章 --
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因此我鼓勵你們加入這個行動
20:47
to building建造 this charter憲章, launching發射 it and propagating傳播 it so that it becomes --
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一起來創建這個憲章、啟動和宣傳這個憲章,從而讓它
20:55
I'd like to see it in every一切 college學院, every一切 church教會, every一切 mosque清真寺, every一切 synagogue會堂 in the world世界,
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我希望看到它進入世界上每一所大學,每一個教堂,每一個清真寺和每一個猶太教會
21:04
so that people can look at their tradition傳統, reclaim回收 it, and make religion宗教 a source資源 of peace和平 in the world世界,
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這樣的話人們可以看到它們的宗教傳統,重塑這些傳統,讓宗教成為世界和平的源頭,
21:13
which哪一個 it can and should be. Thank you very much. (Applause掌聲)
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宗教有這個能力也應該這樣去做。非常感謝大家(鼓掌)
Translated by Chih-Yuan Huang
Reviewed by Yen-chung Nora Huang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholar
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world.

Why you should listen

Religious thinker Karen Armstrong has written more than 20 books on faith and the major religions, studying what Islam, Judaism and Christianity have in common, and how our faiths shaped world history and drive current events.

A former nun, Armstrong has written two books about this experience: Through the Narrow Gate, about her seven years in the convent, and The Spiral Staircase, about her subsequent spiritual awakening, when she developed her iconoclastic take on the major monotheistic religions -- and on the strains of fundamentalism common to all. She is a powerful voice for ecumenical understanding.

Armstrong's 2008 TED Prize wish asked the world to help her create the Charter for Compassion, a document based on the Golden Rule: that we should treat others how we would want to be treated. In fall 2008, the first draft of the charter was written by the world, via a multilingual website that allowed all to comment. In February 2009, the words were given to the Council of Conscience, a gathering of religious leaders and thinkers, who crafted the final document based on global input. The Charter was officially launched in November 2009. It has been signed by notable world leaders including Pope Benedict XVI, the Dalai Lama, Desmond Tutu, Deepak Chopra and Muhammad Ali. The Charter has led to the creation of the Charter for Compassion International (CCI) organization, the Compassionate Communities campaign, and Global Compassion Council -- a group of leaders continuing the movement around the the world.

More profile about the speaker
Karen Armstrong | Speaker | TED.com