TEDGlobal>London
Harald Haas: Forget Wi-Fi. Meet the new Li-Fi Internet
哈拉爾德．哈斯: 無線網路要落伍啦！來看看未來的新科技：光頻網路
Filmed:
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如果我們可以利用現有的技術，提供給超過40億，生活在無網路基礎建設地方的人們，讓他們也可以使用網路，那會是甚麼樣的情況呢？ 透過使用現成的LED和太陽能面板，哈拉爾德．哈斯（Harald Haas）和他的團隊已經開創了一種新的技術，利用光傳輸數據，而它可能就是突破「數位落差」現象的關鍵橋樑。來看一看網路未來可能會是怎麼樣的吧。
Harald Haas - Communications technology innovator
Harald Haas is the pioneer behind a new technology that can communicate as well as illuminate. Full bio
Harald Haas is the pioneer behind a new technology that can communicate as well as illuminate. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I would like to demonstrate
for the first time in public
for the first time in public
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我第一次要在公開場合展示
00:16
that it is possible to transmit a video
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視頻可以由一個LED檯燈
傳送到太陽能面板上，
00:20
from a standard off-the-shelf LED lamp
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並由一台筆記型電腦播放出來。
00:24
to a solar cell with a laptop
acting as a receiver.
acting as a receiver.
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這當中沒有Wi-Fi 介入，只有光。
00:30
There is no Wi-Fi involved,
it's just light.
it's just light.
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而你可能會想，
這樣做有甚麼意義嗎？
這樣做有甚麼意義嗎？
00:33
And you may wonder, what's the point?
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00:35
And the point is this:
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意義就是：
網際網路即將會大規模的延伸，
00:38
There will be a massive
extension of the Internet
extension of the Internet
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進而結束「數位落差」現象。
00:41
to close the digital divide,
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00:43
and also to allow for what we call
"The Internet of Things" --
"The Internet of Things" --
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並且連上我們所謂的「物聯網」——
數十億的網路連結設備。
00:48
tens of billions of devices
connected to the Internet.
connected to the Internet.
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00:51
In my view, such an extension
of the Internet can only work
of the Internet can only work
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在我看來，這樣的網路延伸情況
只能在「中性能源 」(低耗能)
的情況下才能運作，
的情況下才能運作，
00:55
if it's almost energy-neutral.
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00:58
This means we need to use existing
infrastructure as much as possible.
infrastructure as much as possible.
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意思就是，我們需要盡可能
使用現存的基礎設施。
使用現存的基礎設施。
所以這也是為什麼要有
太陽能面板與LED燈的參與。
太陽能面板與LED燈的參與。
01:03
And this is where the solar cell
and the LED come in.
and the LED come in.
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我第一次展示是在
01:08
I demonstrated for the first time,
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2011年的TED演講上。
01:11
at TED in 2011,
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01:13
Li-Fi, or Light Fidelity.
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Li-Fi 簡稱「光保真」或者「光頻網路」
01:15
Li-Fi uses off-the-shelf LEDs
to transmit data incredibly fast,
to transmit data incredibly fast,
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Li-Fi 利用現成的LED，
以驚人的速度傳送數據，
以驚人的速度傳送數據，
而且是以安全隱密的方式傳輸。
01:21
and also in a safe and secure manner.
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數據藉由光傳輸，
01:25
Data is transported by the light,
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01:28
encoded in subtle changes
of the brightness.
of the brightness.
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以細微的亮度變化來編碼。
如果我們環顧四周，
在我們身邊有很多的LED燈，
在我們身邊有很多的LED燈，
01:32
If we look around,
we have many LEDs around us,
we have many LEDs around us,
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01:35
so there's a rich infrastructure
of Li-Fi transmitters around us.
of Li-Fi transmitters around us.
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所以我們周圍有足夠的Li-Fi傳送設備。
但目前為止，我們還在使用一種
特殊設備--「小型照片偵測器」
特殊設備--「小型照片偵測器」
01:41
But so far, we have been using
special devices -- small photo detectors,
special devices -- small photo detectors,
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來接收數據裡編碼的資訊，
01:46
to receive the information
encoded in the data.
encoded in the data.
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我想找到一種方法，
利用現存的基礎設施
利用現存的基礎設施
01:50
I wanted to find a way to also use
existing infrastructure
existing infrastructure
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從Li-Fi燈來獲取數據，
01:54
to receive data from our Li-Fi lights.
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01:58
And this is why I have been looking into
solar cells and solar panels.
solar cells and solar panels.
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這也是為什麼我一直研究
太陽能面板與太陽能控制板的原因。
太陽能面板與太陽能控制板的原因。
02:03
A solar cell absorbs light
and converts it into electrical energy.
and converts it into electrical energy.
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太陽能面板吸收光源
並把它轉換成電力。
並把它轉換成電力。
02:08
This is why we can use a solar cell
to charge our mobile phone.
to charge our mobile phone.
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這也是為什麼我們可以利用
太陽能面板來為我們的手機充電，
太陽能面板來為我們的手機充電，
但現在，我們需要記住，
02:13
But now we need to remember
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02:14
that the data is encoded in subtle changes
of the brightness of the LED,
of the brightness of the LED,
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數據是被微小變化的LED光源所編碼，
所以如果入射的光源有波動，
02:21
so if the incoming light fluctuates,
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02:24
so does the energy harvested
from the solar cell.
from the solar cell.
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從太陽能面板收集來的能量也會有波動。
這意思就是，我們有一個
主要的運作機制：
主要的運作機制：
02:28
This means we have
a principal mechanism in place
a principal mechanism in place
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02:32
to receive information from the light
and by the solar cell,
and by the solar cell,
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資訊透過光的傳導，由太陽能面板來接收，
因為收集的能量波動
02:38
because the fluctuations
of the energy harvested
of the energy harvested
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02:41
correspond to the data transmitted.
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與傳輸的數據相對應。
當然問題就在：
02:43
Of course the question is:
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02:46
can we receive very fast and subtle
changes of the brightness,
changes of the brightness,
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我們是否能夠收集到
非常迅速和微小的亮度變化，
非常迅速和微小的亮度變化，
比如通過我們的LED燈
傳遞的那種方式一樣?
傳遞的那種方式一樣?
02:50
such as the ones transmitted
by our LED lights?
by our LED lights?
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答案是：是的，我們可以。
02:54
And the answer to that is yes, we can.
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我們已經在實驗室裡證實，
02:58
We have shown in the lab
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03:00
that we can receive up to 50
megabytes per second
megabytes per second
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我們可以透過一個
標準現有的太陽能面板，
標準現有的太陽能面板，
03:03
from a standard, off-the-shelf solar cell.
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每秒接收到50MB的數據，
這比現今大部分的寬頻還要快。
03:06
And this is faster than most
broadband connections these days.
broadband connections these days.
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現在，讓我實際操作給各位看，
03:11
Now let me show you in practice.
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在這盒子裡是一個
標準的、買來就可以用的LED燈，
標準的、買來就可以用的LED燈，
03:17
In this box is a standard,
off-the-shelf LED lamp.
off-the-shelf LED lamp.
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這個是標準現成的太陽能面板，
03:23
This is a standard,
off-the-shelf solar cell;
off-the-shelf solar cell;
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03:25
it is connected to the laptop.
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它連結到筆記型電腦上，
我們這裡也有一個儀器，
03:28
And also we have an instrument here
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03:31
to visualize the energy
we harvest from the solar cell.
we harvest from the solar cell.
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用來觀測我們從太陽能面板
收集到的能源。
收集到的能源。
儀器目前顯示有些狀況發生，
03:35
And this instrument shows
something at the moment.
something at the moment.
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03:37
This is because the solar cell already
harvests light from the ambient light.
harvests light from the ambient light.
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這是因為太陽能面板已經
收集到周圍環境的光源，
收集到周圍環境的光源，
現在我首先要做的是打開光源，
03:43
Now what I would like to do first
is switch on the light,
is switch on the light,
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只是簡單地開燈，
03:45
and I'll simply, only switch on the light,
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03:48
for a moment,
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等一段時間....
03:50
and what you'll notice is that
the instrument jumps to the right.
the instrument jumps to the right.
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你會注意到儀器指針跑到右邊，
所以這個太陽能面板
03:54
So the solar cell, for a moment,
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03:56
is harvesting energy
from this artificial light source.
from this artificial light source.
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目前正在從這個人工光源收集能源。
如果把它關掉，我們可以看到，
指針往下掉
指針往下掉
04:00
If I turn it off, we see it drops.
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再打開...
04:03
I turn it on ...
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04:05
So we harvest energy with the solar cell.
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我們就能從太陽能面板上收集到能源，
04:08
But next I would like to activate
the streaming of the video.
the streaming of the video.
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但接下來，我要啟動視頻播放。
我已經設定好按下此按鈕即可，
04:15
And I've done this
by pressing this button.
by pressing this button.
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04:17
So now this LED lamp here
is streaming a video
is streaming a video
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所以現在這個LED燈
正透過亮度的細微變化
來傳輸一個視頻，
來傳輸一個視頻，
04:22
by changing the brightness of the LED
in a very subtle way,
in a very subtle way,
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一種你無法用肉眼辨識的方式傳輸，
04:26
and in a way that you can't
recognize with your eye,
recognize with your eye,
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04:29
because the changes
are too fast to recognize.
are too fast to recognize.
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因為變的太快以致於你無法辨識。
但為了證明這一點，
04:33
But in order to prove the point,
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04:35
I can block the light of the solar cell.
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我可以擋住整個太陽能面板的光源，
所以你可以看到，能量收集下降，
04:40
So first you notice
the energy harvesting drops
the energy harvesting drops
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視頻也跟著停止，
04:43
and the video stops as well.
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04:45
If I remove the blockage,
the video will restart.
the video will restart.
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如果我移開檔板，視頻就會重新開始。
04:49
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
我可以再重複一遍。
04:55
And I can repeat that.
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04:57
So we stop the transmission of the video
and energy harvesting stops as well.
and energy harvesting stops as well.
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我們停止影片的傳送，
能量收集也跟著停止，
能量收集也跟著停止，
05:03
So that is to show that the solar cell
acts as a receiver.
acts as a receiver.
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這可以證實，太陽能面板
扮演了接收器的角色。
扮演了接收器的角色。
05:08
But now imagine that this LED lamp
is a street light, and there's fog.
is a street light, and there's fog.
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但是現在想像一下，
這個LED燈是街燈，然後起霧了。
這個LED燈是街燈，然後起霧了。
我來模擬一下起霧時的情況，
05:14
And so I want to simulate fog,
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05:16
and that's why I brought
a handkerchief with me.
a handkerchief with me.
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這也是為什麼我要
隨身攜帶手帕的原因。
隨身攜帶手帕的原因。
05:19
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
05:20
And let me put the handkerchief
over the solar cell.
over the solar cell.
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讓我把手帕放在太陽能面板上，
首先你會注意到，
05:25
First you notice
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05:27
the energy harvested drops, as expected,
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能量收集如預期的下降了，
但現在視頻仍在播放，
05:31
but now the video still continues.
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意思就是，儘管有阻礙物，
05:34
This means, despite the blockage,
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05:37
there's sufficient light coming through
the handkerchief to the solar cell,
the handkerchief to the solar cell,
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只要有足夠的光源穿過
手帕傳到太陽能面板，
手帕傳到太陽能面板，
05:41
so that the solar cell is able to decode
and stream that information,
and stream that information,
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太陽能面板就可以編碼
並傳輸資訊，
並傳輸資訊，
05:46
in this case, a high-definition video.
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就像這個範例，一個高解析度視頻。
重要的是，太陽能面板
變成一個接收的介面，
變成一個接收的介面，
05:51
What's really important here is that
a solar cell has become a receiver
a solar cell has become a receiver
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接收了光源的高速無線訊號編碼，
05:56
for high-speed wireless signals
encoded in light,
encoded in light,
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06:00
while it maintains its primary function
as an energy-harvesting device.
as an energy-harvesting device.
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同時也保持了它原本作為
能源收集設備的基本功能。
能源收集設備的基本功能。
這也是為什麼，
06:05
That's why it is possible
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06:08
to use existing solar cells
on the roof of a hut
on the roof of a hut
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我們可以利用屋頂上的太陽能面板
作為寬頻網路的接收器，
06:12
to act as a broadband receiver
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06:14
from a laser station on a close by hill,
or indeed, lamp post.
or indeed, lamp post.
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無論是從附近山坡上的
雷射光塔或是街邊的路燈。
雷射光塔或是街邊的路燈。
從哪裡來的光束傳到
太陽能面板並不要緊。
太陽能面板並不要緊。
06:19
And It really doesn't matter
where the beam hits the solar cell.
where the beam hits the solar cell.
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並且實際上，
06:23
And the same is true
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06:24
for translucent solar cells
integrated into windows,
integrated into windows,
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窗戶上安裝的半透明太陽能面板、
安裝在街邊設施的太陽能面板、
06:28
solar cells integrated
into street furniture,
into street furniture,
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甚至是安裝到這數十億個
設備的太陽能面板，
設備的太陽能面板，
06:32
or indeed, solar cells integrated
into these billions of devices
into these billions of devices
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它們將會形成物聯網 。
06:36
that will form the Internet of Things.
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因為簡單來說，
06:38
Because simply,
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06:40
we don't want to charge
these devices regularly,
these devices regularly,
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我們不想經常給這些設備充電，
06:42
or worse, replace the batteries
every few months.
every few months.
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更不想每幾個月就要更換電池
我之前向各位說明，
06:46
As I said to you,
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06:48
this is the first time
I've shown this in public.
I've shown this in public.
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這是我第一次在公眾場合展示，
這像是一個實驗室發表會，
06:50
It's very much a lab demonstration,
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一個範例原型，
06:52
a prototype.
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06:54
But my team and I are confident
that we can take this to market
that we can take this to market
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但我的團隊與我都有信心，
06:57
within the next two to three years.
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在未來的2~3年，
我們這項產品會進入市場，
我們這項產品會進入市場，
07:00
And we hope we will be able to contribute
to closing the digital divide,
to closing the digital divide,
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而且我們都希望我們可以為
「數位落差」現象做出貢獻，
「數位落差」現象做出貢獻，
並且對串聯這些
07:05
and also contribute
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07:06
to connecting all these billions
of devices to the Internet.
of devices to the Internet.
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數十億個設備到網絡做出貢獻。
而且所有設備都不會造成
07:10
And all of this without causing
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07:11
a massive explosion
of energy consumption --
of energy consumption --
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一個巨大的能源消耗 --
07:14
because of the solar cells,
quite the opposite.
quite the opposite.
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因為太陽能面板是
相當環保節能的。
相當環保節能的。
07:16
Thank you.
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謝謝各位。
07:17
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Harald Haas - Communications technology innovatorHarald Haas is the pioneer behind a new technology that can communicate as well as illuminate.
Why you should listen
Imagine using your car headlights to transmit data ... or surfing the web safely on a plane, tethered only by a line of sight. Harald Haas is working on it. He currently holds the Chair of Mobile Communications at the University of Edinburgh, and is co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer of pureLiFi Ltd as well as the Director of the LiFi Research and Development Center at the University of Edinburgh. His main research interests are in optical wireless communications, hybrid optical wireless and RF communications, spatial modulation, and interference coordination in wireless networks.
Haas has long been studying ways to communicate electronic data signals, designing modulation techniques that pack more data onto existing networks. But his latest work leaps beyond wires and radio waves to transmit data via an LED bulb that glows and darkens faster than the human eye can see. His group published the first proof-of-concept results demonstrating that it is possible to to turn commercially available light emitting diode (LED) light bulbs into broadband wireless transmission systems.
"It should be so cheap that it's everywhere," he says. "Using the visible light spectrum, which comes for free, you can piggy-back existing wireless services on the back of lighting equipment."
Harald Haas | Speaker | TED.com