ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessica Shortall - Strategy consultant, social entrepreneur and author
Jessica Shortall is a working mom of two and author of Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Survival Guide to Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work.

Why you should listen

What do breastfeeding and paid leave for working mothers, sustainable eye care, hunger, green investing, giving shoes and the business case for LGBT equality have in common? 

For Jessica Shortall, they have all been opportunities to change the world: challenges that need sustainable solutions and require a deep understanding of market forces, audiences, and cultures. They all require an intense dive into data, and they all benefit from powerful storytelling.

Shortall has provided strategy consulting to dozens of businesses, social enterprises, non-profit organizations and campaigns in the US, UK and beyond. Her first book, Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Guide to Surviving Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work, was inspired by her own experiences of circumnavigating the globe with a breast pump. She interviewed hundreds of working mothers and dozens of HR professionals to create a practical, relatable, judgment-free guide for women who want to try to continue breastfeeding after they've returned to work.

Shortall started her adult life as a Peace Corps Volunteer in Uzbekistan, and she haven't stopped searching for ways to change the world since, across non-profit and for-profit worlds. In the early 2000s, she co-founded and franchised a non-profit organization that is now active in more than 40 communities. In 2006, she received an MBA with honors from the University of Oxford, as a Skoll Scholar in Social Entrepreneurship. She went on to spend three years providing consulting services to social entrepreneurs. From 2009 to 2014, she was the first Director of Giving at TOMS Shoes, hired to build out the now-iconic One for One giving mission and strategy. 

She currently lives in Dallas, TX with her husband Clay and her two children.

More profile about the speaker
Jessica Shortall | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxSMU

Jessica Shortall: The US needs paid family leave -- for the sake of its future

潔西卡.修特沃: 美國如何辜負新手父母以及他們的小寶貝?

Filmed:
1,521,725 views

我們需要女人們工作、需要女人們生小孩,然而為何美國是世界上沒給新手職場媽媽們帶薪假的僅有數國的其中之一員呢?在這場尖銳的演講中,潔西卡.修特沃熱切的說明在美國職場的新手母親被埋沒的,還有駭人的現實-每年數百萬婦女只在產後數週內就不得不復職。她值得大家流傳的理念:「我們該是時候來認清我們對待職場媽媽與她們的小寶貝們的方法,以及其在經濟、生理、心理上的代價,為了確保我們經濟的未來,有需要提供帶薪家庭照護假給所有職場雙親們。」
- Strategy consultant, social entrepreneur and author
Jessica Shortall is a working mom of two and author of Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Survival Guide to Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
What does a working加工 mother母親 look like?
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一位職場媽媽是怎樣的一幅光景呢?
00:15
If you ask the Internet互聯網,
this is what you'll你會 be told.
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要是你在網路上查詢的話,
這就是它會讓你知道的東西。
00:18
Never mind心神 that this is
what you'll你會 actually其實 produce生產
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儘管實際上這是你會做出來的玩意兒-
00:22
if you attempt嘗試 to work at a computer電腦
with a baby寶寶 on your lap膝部.
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要是你嘗試用電腦工作、
在大腿上帶個小寶貝的話。
00:25
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
00:27
But no, this isn't a working加工 mother母親.
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不過並非如此!這個不是職場媽媽!
00:30
You'll你會 notice注意 a theme主題 in these photos相片.
We'll look at a lot of them.
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我們將會看到成堆的照片,
在這些照片裡面你會發現到一個主題,
00:33
That theme主題 is amazing驚人 natural自然 lighting燈光,
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那個主題就是神奇的自然打光,
00:36
which哪一個, as we all know,
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那如同你我都知道的,
00:39
is the hallmark特點
of every一切 American美國 workplace職場.
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此乃美國各個工作場所的金字招牌。
00:43
There are thousands數千 of images圖片 like these.
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數以千張像這些的照片就在那裡,
00:46
Just put the term術語 "working加工 mother母親"
into any Google谷歌 image圖片 search搜索 engine發動機,
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只要把「職場媽媽」這個詞兒
放進任何 Google 圖像搜尋引擎、
00:50
stock股票 photo照片 site現場.
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圖庫網站,
00:51
They're all over the Internet互聯網,
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它們全都在網際網路上,
00:53
they're topping配料
blog博客 posts帖子 and news新聞 pieces,
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它們就在序列最為上方的部落格貼文
和新聞文章裡;
00:55
and I've become成為 kind of obsessed痴迷 with them
and the lie謊言 that they tell us
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而我早已有點著迷於它們
以及它們向我們訴說的謊言、
00:59
and the comfort安慰 that they give us,
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還有它們帶給我們自在感-
01:01
that when it comes
to new working加工 motherhood母親 in America美國,
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當講到了美國的新一代職場慈母時
01:05
everything's一切的 fine.
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每件事都是美好的。
01:07
But it's not fine.
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但事實一點都不是如此,
01:08
As a country國家, we are sending發出
millions百萬 of women婦女 back to work
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以一個國家來說我們每年不斷地把,
數百萬名產後婦女送回去工作,
01:12
every一切 year, incredibly令人難以置信
and kind of horrifically速度驚人 soon不久
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不可思議和有點驚人的快。
01:16
after they give birth分娩.
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01:17
That's a moral道德 problem問題
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這是個良知的難題,
01:19
but today今天 I'm also going to tell you
why it's an economic經濟 problem問題.
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不過今天我打算跟你們講
為什麼它是個經濟上的難題。
01:23
I got so annoyed懊惱 and obsessed痴迷
with the unreality不現實 of these images圖片,
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這些圖像的不切實際令我變得
變得惱火以及困擾不已,
01:27
which哪一個 look nothing like my life,
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它們看起來一點都不像我的日子!
01:29
that I recently最近 decided決定 to shoot射擊 and star
in a parody滑稽模仿 series系列 of stock股票 photos相片
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我最近打定主意拍攝以及領銜主演
一系列滑稽模仿的圖庫,
01:34
that I hoped希望 the world世界 would start開始 to use
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我希望全世界會開始使用,
01:36
just showing展示 the really awkward尷尬 reality現實
of going back to work
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我只想要呈現出
當嬰兒食物來源被設定在你自己身上時
01:40
when your baby's寶寶 food餐飲 source資源
is attached to your body身體.
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卻要回到工作崗位的窘境,
01:45
I'm just going to show顯示 you two of them.
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我正要讓你們來看其中兩個源頭。
01:47
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:49
Nothing says "Give that girl女孩 a promotion提升"
like leaking洩漏 breast乳房 milk牛奶
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好比在簡報的時候
奶水正滲出了你的洋裝,
01:52
through通過 your dress連衣裙 during a presentation介紹.
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不會有人說給這個小妞升個職吧!
01:55
You'll你會 notice注意 that there's
no baby寶寶 in this photo照片,
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你會發現沒有嬰兒在這張照片裡,
01:57
because that's not how this works作品,
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因為在這裡是行不通的-
02:00
not for most working加工 mothers母親.
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對大多數的職場媽媽來說此路不通。
02:02
Did you know, and this will ruin廢墟 your day,
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你知道,這會搞砸你的日子,
每一回馬桶冲完水
02:04
that every一切 time a toilet廁所 is flushed,
its contents內容 are aerosolized霧化
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其內容物氣味會瀰漫繚繞
02:07
and they'll他們會 stay airborne空降 for hours小時?
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而且會留在空氣中數個小時嗎?
02:10
And yet然而, for many許多 new working加工 mothers母親,
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儘管如此對許多新手職場媽媽們來說
02:13
this is the only place地點 during the day
that they can find to make food餐飲
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這是她們在白天所能找到唯一的地方
為她們的剛出生的小寶貝製作食物。
02:16
for their newborn新生 babies嬰兒.
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02:18
I put these things,
a whole整個 dozen of them, into the world世界.
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我把整整十二張這些東西擺上檯面,
02:22
I wanted to make a point.
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我想要點出個道理來;
02:24
I didn't know what I was also doing
was opening開盤 a door,
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我不曉得我同時也正開啟了一扇門,
02:27
because now, total strangers陌生人
from all walks散步 of life
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因為如今來自社會各階層
全然陌生的人
02:31
write to me all the time
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不時寫信給我,
02:32
just to tell me what it's like
for them to go back to work
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就只是要告訴我
對她們來說
生了小孩的幾天內或幾星期內
02:36
within days or weeks of having a baby寶寶.
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回去工作時是怎樣一幅光景,
02:39
I'm going to share分享
10 of their stories故事 with you today今天.
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今天我要與你們分享
十個她們的故事,
02:42
They are totally完全 real真實,
some of them are very raw生的,
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他們全然是真人實事,
有些故事還非常辛酸,
02:45
and not one of them
looks容貌 anything like this.
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沒一個有一丁點像這幅圖像的地方。
02:50
Here's這裡的 the first.
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這是第一個:
02:52
"I was an active活性 duty義務
service服務 member會員 at a federal聯邦 prison監獄.
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「我以前是個在聯邦監獄
全職的第一線工作人員,
02:55
I returned to work after the maximum最大值
allowed允許 eight weeks for my C-section剖腹產.
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在剖腹生產所容許的
最長八個禮拜休假後復職,
03:00
A male coworker同事 was annoyed懊惱
that I had been out on 'vacation'假期,'
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一名男同事氣惱我一直在外「渡假」,
03:04
so he intentionally故意地 opened打開 the door on me
while I was pumping breast乳房 milk牛奶
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所以當我在擠取母乳時
他故意打開門,
03:07
and stood站在 in the doorway門口
with inmates囚犯 in the hallway門廳."
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他站在門口而且門廊邊還帶著囚犯。」
03:11
Most of the stories故事 that these women婦女,
total strangers陌生人, send發送 to me now,
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現在寄來給我的這些婦女們
全然是陌生人,
03:15
are not actually其實 even about breastfeeding哺乳.
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大多數故事實際上甚至和哺乳沒關係。
03:17
A woman女人 wrote to me to say,
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寫信給我的一名婦女寫道:
03:19
"I gave birth分娩 to twins雙胞胎 and went back
to work after seven unpaid未付 weeks.
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「我生下一對雙胞胎,
在七個星期的無薪假後復職;
03:24
Emotionally感情上, I was a wreck破壞.
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情感上我是個受損嚴重的人,
03:25
Physically物理, I had a severe嚴重 hemorrhage出血
during labor勞動, and major重大的 tearing撕裂,
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身理上
我在勞動時有過嚴重的大出血
以及重大的撕裂傷;
03:30
so I could barely僅僅 get up, sit or walk步行.
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所以我只能勉強起身、坐下或是走動。
03:33
My employer雇主 told me I wasn't allowed允許
to use my available可得到 vacation假期 days
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我雇主告訴我不準用掉
手邊可用的假休
03:36
because it was budget預算 season季節."
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因為這是資金緊張的一季」。
03:39
I've come to believe that we can't look
situations情況 like these in the eye
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我開始相信我們的眼裡
容不下這些狀況,
03:44
because then we'd星期三 be horrified嚇壞了,
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因為接著我們將會感到震驚;
03:46
and if we get horrified嚇壞了
then we have to do something about it.
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要是我們感到震驚了,
我們勢必得有所作為!
03:49
So we choose選擇 to look at,
and believe, this image圖片.
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所以我們選擇看著以及相信這張照片,
03:53
I don't really know
what's going on in this picture圖片,
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我真的不清楚這張照片後頭
即將上演些什麼事情,
03:55
because I find it weird奇怪的
and slightly creepy爬行.
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因為我發現它不自然
甚至有點令人起雞皮疙瘩。
03:58
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:59
Like, what is she doing?
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比方說她正在做什麼事呢?
04:01
But I know what it tells告訴 us.
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不過我知道它要告知我們何事-
04:05
It tells告訴 us that everything's一切的 fine.
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它告訴我們一切都好到不行,
04:07
This working加工 mother母親, all working加工 mothers母親
and all of their babies嬰兒, are fine.
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這位職場媽媽、所有的職場媽媽
以及她們的小寶貝都好到不行,
04:11
There's nothing to see here.
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一點麻煩都沒有。
04:13
And anyway無論如何, women婦女 have made製作 a choice選擇,
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總之婦女同胞們已經做了「選擇」,
04:16
so none沒有 of it's even our problem問題.
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所以完全不是我們的問題。
04:19
I want to break打破 this choice選擇 thing
down into two parts部分.
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我要把這個「選擇」拆成兩個部份,
04:22
The first choice選擇 says
that women婦女 have chosen選擇 to work.
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首先它說婦女已「選擇」了工作;
04:25
So, that's not true真正.
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那不是真的!
04:28
Today今天 in America美國, women婦女 make up
47 percent百分 of the workforce勞動力,
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今天在美國婦女構成 47%的勞動力,
04:33
and in 40 percent百分 of American美國 households
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以及美國 40%的家庭裡
04:35
a woman女人 is the sole唯一
or primary breadwinner養家糊口的人.
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婦女是唯一或主要的養家者;
04:38
Our paid支付 work is a part部分, a huge巨大 part部分,
of the engine發動機 of this economy經濟,
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我們的有支薪工作是經濟引擎裡
極大的一部份,
04:43
and it is essential必要
for the engines引擎 of our families家庭.
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且對我們家庭動力來說
是不可或缺的,
04:46
On a national國民 level水平,
our paid支付 work is not optional可選的.
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以國家的層次來看-
我們的有支薪工作不是任君挑選的。
04:50
Choice選擇 number two says that women婦女
are choosing選擇 to have babies嬰兒,
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第二個部份說婦女「選擇」要生小孩,
04:53
so women婦女 alone單獨 should bear
the consequences後果 of those choices選擇.
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所以婦女應該獨自承受這些選擇的下場!
04:58
You know, that's one of those things
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那就是別人提起時
05:00
that when you hear it in passing通過,
can sound聲音 correct正確.
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聽到的那些東西其中的一項,
聽起來也沒錯呀。
05:02
I didn't make you have a baby寶寶.
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「不是我讓你生小孩的!」、
05:03
I certainly當然 wasn't there
when that happened發生.
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「這完全不關我的事啊!」。
05:06
But that stance姿態
ignores忽略 a fundamental基本的 truth真相,
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但是這些立論忽視了基本的事實-
05:12
which哪一個 is that our procreation生殖
on a national國民 scale規模 is not optional可選的.
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我們的繁衍
在國家的水準上
是沒有選擇空間的。
05:17
The babies嬰兒 that women婦女, many許多 of them
working加工 women婦女, are having today今天,
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婦女-許多是職場婦女-
今天不斷生育的小寶貝們
05:21
will one day fill our workforce勞動力,
protect保護 our shores海岸,
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有天將填補我們的勞動力、
守護我們的海岸線、
05:24
make up our tax base基礎.
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構成我們的稅基;
05:26
Our procreation生殖
on a national國民 scale規模 is not optional可選的.
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我們的繁衍在國家層面上
是沒有選擇空間的。
05:30
These aren't choices選擇.
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這些並不是選擇!
05:32
We need women婦女 to work.
We need working加工 women婦女 to have babies嬰兒.
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我們要有婦女工作、
我們要有職場婦女生孩子;
05:36
So we should make
doing those things at the same相同 time
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所以我們應該讓同時間做這兩碼子事
至少講得通對吧?
05:38
at least最小 palatable可口, right?
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05:40
OK, this is pop流行的 quiz測驗 time:
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現在現場抽問時間:
05:43
what percentage百分比 of working加工
women婦女 in America美國 do you think
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「在美國有多少百分比的職場婦女
你認為無法獲取帶薪的育嬰假?」
05:46
have no access訪問 to paid支付 maternity母道 leave離開?
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05:51
88 percent百分.
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88%!
05:53
88 percent百分 of working加工 mothers母親
will not get one minute分鐘 of paid支付 leave離開
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88%的職場婦女生完孩子以後
05:57
after they have a baby寶寶.
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將連 1 分鐘的帶薪假也拿不到。
05:58
So now you're thinking思維 about unpaid未付 leave離開.
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所以現在你正想著無薪假吧!
06:02
It exists存在 in America美國.
It's called FMLAFMLA. It does not work.
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它存在於美國,叫「家庭與醫療假法」(FMLA)
它並不管用!
06:05
Because of the way it's structured結構化的,
all kinds of exceptions例外,
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因為它被成立出來的方式,所有的排除
06:08
half of new mothers母親 are ineligible不合格 for it.
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新手媽媽們半數是不符資格的!
06:12
Here's這裡的 what that looks容貌 like.
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這就是其情景:
06:16
"We adopted採用 our son兒子.
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「我們領養了兒子,
06:18
When I got the call, the day he was born天生,
I had to take off work.
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當我在他誕生的那天接到電話
我就得放下工作,
06:22
I had not been there long enough足夠
to qualify修飾 for FMLAFMLA,
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我的年資尚未長到
可適用家庭與醫療假法,
06:25
so I wasn't eligible合格 for unpaid未付 leave離開.
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所以無薪假沒我的份。
06:28
When I took time off
to meet遇到 my newborn新生 son兒子,
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當我離開崗位去見剛出世的兒子時
06:30
I lost丟失 my job工作."
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我搞丟了工作」。
06:33
These corporate企業 stock股票 photos相片
hide隱藏 another另一個 reality現實, another另一個 layer.
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這些私人企業老套的照片
隱藏著現實,
從另一個層面。
06:38
Of those who do have access訪問
to just that unpaid未付 leave離開,
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那些只是可以取得無薪假的人,
06:42
most women婦女 can't afford給予
to take much of it at all.
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大多數根本一點也消受不起請太多假。
06:45
A nurse護士 told me, "I didn't qualify修飾
for short-term短期 disability失能
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一位護士跟我說道:
「因為我的懷孕被認定是既存狀態,
06:49
because my pregnancy懷孕
was considered考慮 a preexisting預先存在的 condition條件.
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我不符合短期無力工作的資格;
06:53
We used up all of our tax returns回報
and half of our savings
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我們在我六個星期無薪假的期間
06:55
during my six unpaid未付 weeks.
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用上全部的退稅金和半數的積蓄,
06:57
We just couldn't不能 manage管理 any longer.
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我們就是做不到再請多一點假。
06:59
Physically物理 it was hard,
but emotionally感情上 it was worse更差.
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身理上很不好受但是情感面更糟,
07:02
I struggled掙扎 for months個月
being存在 away from my son兒子."
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不在兒子身邊讓我煎熬了好幾個月」。
07:05
So this decision決定
to go back to work so early,
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所以如此之早就回去工作的這個決定
07:08
it's a rational合理的 economic經濟 decision決定
driven驅動 by family家庭 finances財政,
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是受家庭財務所驅使的合理經濟決定;
07:12
but it's often經常 physically物理 horrific可怕的
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不過身理上經常是很駭人聽聞的,
07:14
because putting a human人的
into the world世界 is messy.
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因為生出小孩來是吃力不討好的事。
07:18
A waitress小姐 told me,
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一位女服務生告訴我:
07:19
"With my first baby寶寶, I was back
at work five weeks postpartum產後.
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「有了我的第一個小寶貝時
產後五週我就回去工作了;
07:23
With my second第二, I had to have
major重大的 surgery手術 after giving birth分娩,
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有第二個小寶貝時
我必須做個大手術,
07:26
so I waited等待 until直到 six weeks to go back.
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所以我直到六週後才回去工作。
07:29
I had third第三 degree tears眼淚."
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我當時有三度會陰撕裂傷。」
07:32
23 percent百分 of new
working加工 mothers母親 in America美國
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在美國 23%的新手職場媽媽
07:35
will be back on the job工作
within two weeks of giving birth分娩.
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將會在產後兩個禮拜內復職!
07:42
"I worked工作 as a bartender酒保 and cook廚師,
average平均 of 75 hours小時 a week while pregnant.
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「身為一位酒侍以及廚師,
懷孕時我一週平均工作 75 個小時,
07:47
I had to return返回 to work
before my baby寶寶 was a month old,
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在我的小孩滿月前我就得回去工作-
07:49
working加工 60 hours小時 a week.
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一週 60 個小時;
07:51
One of my coworkers合作夥伴 was only able能夠
to afford給予 10 days off with her baby寶寶."
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我有一位同事只花得起
10 天的假休陪孩子。」
07:56
Of course課程, this isn't just a scenario腳本
with economic經濟 and physical物理 implications啟示.
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當然這現象不只有著經濟
和身理影響,
08:00
Childbirth分娩 is, and always will be,
an enormous巨大 psychological心理 event事件.
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生小孩一直都會是重大的心理事件。
08:06
A teacher老師 told me,
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一位老師告訴我:
08:08
"I returned to work
eight weeks after my son兒子 was born天生.
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「我兒子出生八週後我就復職了,
08:11
I already已經 suffer遭受 from anxiety焦慮,
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我已經受焦慮所苦,
08:13
but the panic恐慌 attacks攻擊 I had prior
to returning回國 to work were unbearable不堪忍受."
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但是早在我回去工作之前
侵襲我的驚慌是難以忍受的」。
08:18
Statistically統計學 speaking請講,
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統計上而言
08:20
the shorter a woman's女人的 leave離開
after having a baby寶寶,
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婦女生了小孩以後的產休越短
08:23
the more likely容易 she will be to suffer遭受
from postpartum產後 mood心情 disorders障礙
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她越有可能會遭受產後情緒異常-
08:26
like depression蕭條 and anxiety焦慮,
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諸如憂鬱以及焦慮;
08:28
and among其中 many許多 potential潛在
consequences後果 of those disorders障礙,
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那些異常眾多的潛在影響裡
08:32
suicide自殺 is the second第二
most common共同 cause原因 of death死亡
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自殺是產後第一年
08:35
in a woman's女人的 first year postpartum產後.
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婦女們最常見的第二死因。
08:39
Heads元首 up that this next下一個 story故事 --
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注意接下來這個故事-
08:40
I've never met會見 this woman女人,
but I find it hard to get through通過.
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我不曾見過這個女人,
但是我知道該情形很難撐過去。
08:45
"I feel tremendous巨大 grief哀思 and rage憤怒
that I lost丟失 an essential必要,
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「我感到無比的痛心以及氣憤-
我失去了伴著兒子的不可或缺、
08:49
irreplaceable不可替代 and formative形成性
time with my son兒子.
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無可取代的發育時期,
08:53
Labor勞動 and delivery交貨
left me feeling感覺 absolutely絕對 broken破碎.
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勞動和生產讓我感覺百分百報銷了。
08:56
For months個月, all I remember記得
is the screaming尖叫: colic絞痛, they said.
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幾個月來我只記得嬰兒的哭鬧-
他們說是腸絞痛;
09:01
On the inside, I was drowning溺死.
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內心的我呼吸不過來了,
09:03
Every一切 morning早上, I asked myself
how much longer I could do it.
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每天早上我問自己我還能夠做多久呢?
09:07
I was allowed允許 to bring帶來 my baby寶寶 to work.
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我被允許帶著我的小寶貝上班,
09:10
I closed關閉 my office辦公室 door
while I rocked震撼 and shushed
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當我在搖哄、安撫以及乞求他停止哭鬧時
09:13
and begged him to stop screaming尖叫
so I wouldn't不會 get in trouble麻煩.
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我關上了我辦公室的門,以避免麻煩。
09:17
I hid behind背後 that office辦公室 door
every一切 damn該死的 day
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該死的每一天當他哭喊時
09:19
and cried哭了 while he screamed尖叫.
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我躲在辦公室的門後以及哭泣、
09:21
I cried哭了 in the bathroom浴室
while I washed out the pump equipment設備.
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當我清洗集乳器時我在洗手間哭泣;
09:25
Every一切 day, I cried哭了 all the way to work
and all the way home again.
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每一天我一路哭著去上班、
而且再次一路哭著回家!
09:28
I promised許諾 my boss老闆 that the work
I didn't get doneDONE during the day,
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我跟老闆保證我白天沒做完的工作
09:31
I'd make up at night from home.
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我在晚上時會在家裡彌補過來,
09:33
I thought, there's just something
wrong錯誤 with me that I can't swing搖擺 this."
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我猜我無法做到只是我自己有問題」。
09:38
So those are the mothers母親.
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所以這些就是媽媽們的情形,
09:41
What of the babies嬰兒?
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那小寶貝們又如何呢?
09:42
As a country國家, do we care關心
about the millions百萬 of babies嬰兒
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以一個國家而言我們關心每年職場媽媽
所生出來的數百萬名小寶貝們嗎?
09:45
born天生 every一切 year to working加工 mothers母親?
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09:47
I say we don't,
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我想我們並沒有的,
09:48
not until直到 they're of working加工
and tax-paying納稅 and military-serving軍事服務 age年齡.
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除非等到他們到工作、
繳稅、從軍的年紀。
09:52
We tell them we'll see them in 18 years年份,
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我們跟他們說十八年後再見,
09:54
and getting得到 there is kind of on them.
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而要到那時候像是他們自己的事了!
09:57
One of the reasons原因 I know this
is that babies嬰兒 whose誰的 mothers母親
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其中一個我所知道的原因
是那些能有十二個或是更多禮拜時間
10:00
have 12 or more weeks at home with them
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在家陪小寶貝的媽媽們
10:02
are more likely容易 to get their vaccinations接種疫苗
and their well checks檢查 in their first year,
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是更有可能在寶貝第一年的人生
提供疫苗注射以及良好的照顧,
10:06
so those babies嬰兒 are more protected保護
from deadly致命 and disabling禁用 diseases疾病.
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所以那些小寶貝們是更受到保護
免於致命和失能的疾病,
10:11
But those things are hidden
behind背後 images圖片 like this.
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但事情都被像這樣的
景象給隱藏住了。
10:18
America美國 has a message信息 for new mothers母親
who work and for their babies嬰兒.
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美國要給在上班的新手媽媽
和他們的小寶貝們一個訊息:
10:23
Whatever隨你 time you get together一起,
you should be grateful感激 for it,
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不管是在什麼時候你們聚首了
你們應該為此感恩,
10:27
and you're an inconvenience不方便
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而你們對經濟
還有雇主來說是種拖累。
10:30
to the economy經濟 and to your employers雇主.
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10:33
That narrative敘述 of gratitude感謝
runs運行 through通過 a lot of the stories故事 I hear.
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我所聽到的很多故事穿插了感激之情
10:37
A woman女人 told me,
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一名婦女告訴我:
10:39
"I went back at eight weeks
after my C-section剖腹產
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「我在剖腹生產八週後復職,
10:41
because my husband丈夫 was out of work.
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因為我老公失業了!
10:43
Without沒有 me, my daughter女兒
had failure失敗 to thrive興旺.
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少了我我女兒就活不下去了-
10:46
She wouldn't不會 take a bottle瓶子.
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她一瓶奶水也不會喝,
10:47
She started開始 losing失去 weight重量.
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她開始不斷瘦下來。
10:49
Thankfully感激地, my manager經理
was very understanding理解.
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好在我的經理非常諒解我,
10:52
He let my mom媽媽 bring帶來 my baby寶寶,
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他讓我母親帶來我的小寶貝,
10:53
who was on oxygen and a monitor監控,
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她帶著氧氣罩和監測器,
10:56
four times a shift轉移 so I could nurse護士 her."
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一輪工時裡可有四次機會,
讓我可以護理她。」
10:59
There's a little club俱樂部
of countries國家 in the world世界
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世界上有著一小團體的國家
11:03
that offer提供 no national國民
paid支付 leave離開 to new mothers母親.
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沒有給新手媽媽們國有帶薪假,
11:07
Care關心 to guess猜測 who they are?
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用心猜一下是哪些國家呢?
11:09
The first eight make up eight million百萬
in total population人口.
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前八名構成八百萬的總人口數-
11:13
They are Papua巴布亞 New Guinea幾內亞,
Suriname蘇里南 and the tiny island nations國家
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有著巴布紐幾內亞、蘇利南、
以及小島島國密克羅尼西亞、
11:17
of Micronesia密克羅尼西亞, Marshall馬歇爾 Islands島嶼,
Nauru瑙魯, Niue紐埃, Palau帕勞 and Tonga湯加.
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馬紹爾、諾魯、紐埃、帛琉和東加,
11:23
Number nine is
the United聯合的 States狀態 of America美國,
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第九名則是美國-
11:25
with 320 million百萬 people.
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有著三億兩千萬的人口。
11:29
Oh, that's it.
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噢!就這樣了!
11:31
That's the end結束 of the list名單.
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那就是這份名單最後的部份。
11:34
Every一切 other economy經濟 on the planet行星
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地球上每一個其他的經濟體
11:35
has found發現 a way to make some level水平
of national國民 paid支付 leave離開 work
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都幫為國家之長久做出貢獻的這些人
11:39
for the people doing the work
of the future未來 of those countries國家,
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找到方法訂出某些程度的國有帶薪假。
11:42
but we say,
"We couldn't不能 possibly或者 do that."
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而我們卻是說:
「我們沒有可能做到、
11:46
We say that the market市場
will solve解決 this problem問題,
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經濟市場將會解決這個問題」,
11:49
and then we cheer歡呼 when corporations公司
offer提供 even more paid支付 leave離開 to the women婦女
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後來當公司給出更多帶薪假給早已是
我們裡面最高學歷、薪水的婦女時
11:53
who are already已經 the highest-educated最高學歷
and highest-paid薪酬最高 among其中 us.
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我們大聲叫好;
11:57
Remember記得 that 88 percent百分?
226
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還記得 88 %嗎?
11:58
Those middle-中間- and low-income低收入 women婦女
are not going to participate參加 in that.
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那些中、低所得婦女將分不到一杯羹。
12:03
We know that there are staggering踉蹌
economic經濟, financial金融, physical物理
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我們知道這辦法有
驚人的經濟、財務、
人身上、情感上的成本,
12:09
and emotional情緒化 costs成本 to this approach途徑.
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12:11
We have decided決定 --
decided決定, not an accident事故,
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我們已經決定好而不是意外-
12:15
to pass通過 these costs成本 directly
on to working加工 mothers母親 and their babies嬰兒.
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把這些成本都直接過讓給
職場媽媽以及她們的小寶貝們,
12:19
We know the price價錢 tag標籤 is higher更高
for low-income低收入 women婦女,
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我們知道對低所得婦女來說
代價是更加高昂的,
12:22
therefore因此 disproportionately不成比例
for women婦女 of color顏色.
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因此對有膚色的婦女來說更是有失公允,
12:25
We pass通過 them on anyway無論如何.
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總之我們過讓了這些成本!
12:27
All of this is to America's美國 shame恥辱.
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這所有一切變成美國丟臉的事情,
12:30
But it's also to America's美國 risk風險.
236
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不過也成了美國的隱憂;
12:34
Because what would happen發生
237
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又會發生什麼事呢-
12:36
if all of these individual個人
so-called所謂 choices選擇 to have babies嬰兒
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要是這些俗稱「選擇有孩子的人」
12:40
started開始 to turn into individual個人 choices選擇
not to have babies嬰兒.
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開始全都變成選擇不要有孩子的人。
12:45
One woman女人 told me,
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一名婦女告訴我:
12:47
"New motherhood母親 is hard.
It shouldn't不能 be traumatic創傷.
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「現代慈母是苦差事,
這不應該是坐立難安的。
12:50
When we talk about expanding擴大
our family家庭 now,
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當我們現在談到增添家庭成員時,
12:52
we focus焦點 on how much time I would have
to care關心 for myself and a new baby寶寶.
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我們關注於我將會有多少時間
來照顧自己以及一個新生兒,
12:56
If we were to have to do it again
the same相同 way as with our first,
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要是我們得如同我們有第一個
小寶貝時再來一遍那樣做的話,
13:00
we might威力 stick with one kid孩子."
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我們有了一個孩子可能就打住了」。
13:03
The birthrate出生率 needed需要 in America美國
to keep the population人口 stable穩定
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在美國維持人口穩定所需要的出生率
13:06
is 2.1 live生活 births出生 per woman女人.
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是每個婦女生 2.1 個活嬰,
13:08
In America美國 today今天, we are at 1.86.
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今天美國我們的出生率是 1.86;
13:12
We need women婦女 to have babies嬰兒,
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我們需要婦女生孩子,
13:15
and we are actively積極地 disincentivizingdisincentivizing
working加工 women婦女 from doing that.
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而我們實際上削弱職業婦女
去做這件事情的動機。
13:19
What would happen發生 to work force,
to innovation革新, to GDPGDP,
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對勞動力、創新、
GDP將會產生什麼變化呢?
13:23
if one by one, the working加工 mothers母親
of this country國家 were to decide決定
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要是這個國家的職業婦女
一個接著一個打定主意
13:27
that they can't bear
to do this thing more than once一旦?
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她們禁不起生孩子多於一回呢?
13:31
I'm here today今天 with only
one idea理念 worth價值 spreading傳播,
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我今天在這裡只有一個
值得推廣出去的概念,
13:35
and you've guessed what it is.
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而且你也已經猜到是什麼了。
13:37
It is long since以來 time
for the most powerful強大 country國家 on Earth地球
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對地球上最強大的國家來說早該是時候
13:41
to offer提供 national國民 paid支付 leave離開
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來提供國有帶薪假
13:43
to the people doing the work
of the future未來 of this country國家
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給為了國家的將來做事情的人、
13:45
and to the babies嬰兒
who represent代表 that future未來.
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以及給代表那個將來的小寶貝們。
13:48
Childbirth分娩 is a public上市 good.
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生孩子是一種公共利益,
13:50
This leave離開 should be state-subsidized國家補貼.
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這種假休應該是被國家所補助,
13:53
It should have no exceptions例外
for small businesses企業,
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這對小企業、雇用年限、
13:56
length長度 of employment僱用 or entrepreneurs企業家.
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企業家來說應該沒有例外,
13:58
It should be able能夠
to be shared共享 between之間 partners夥伴.
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它在伴侶之間應該能夠互享!
14:00
I've talked today今天 a lot about mothers母親,
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今天我已經講了很多關於媽媽的事了,
14:02
but co-parents共同父母 matter on so many許多 levels水平.
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不過在許多程度上,共同撫養也重要。
14:07
Not one more woman女人
should have to go back to work
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不該再有一名婦女當她正在顛跛
14:10
while she is hobbling蹣跚 and bleeding流血的.
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和失血時得回去工作、
14:13
Not one more family家庭 should have
to drain排水 their savings account帳戶
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不該再有一個家庭得要榨乾其存款帳戶
14:17
to buy購買 a few少數 days
of rest休息 and recovery復甦 and bonding結合.
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來買到短短幾天的休息、恢復和癒合、
14:21
Not one more fragile脆弱 infant嬰兒
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不該再有一個脆弱的嬰兒
14:23
should have to go directly
from the incubator恆溫箱 to day care關心
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得要從保溫箱直接來到平日照護病房-
14:26
because his parents父母 have used up
all of their meager微薄 time
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因為他的雙親已經用上所有
他們不多的時間,
14:29
sitting坐在 in the NICUNICU.
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一直坐在新生兒加護病房裡面、
14:30
Not one more working加工 family家庭
should be told that the collision碰撞
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不該再有做工家庭
被告知與工作的衝突-
14:33
of their work, their needed需要 work
and their needed需要 parenthood父母,
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他們需要做的工作、
他們需要扮演的父母天職
14:38
is their problem問題 alone單獨.
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是他們自身個人的難題。
14:40
The catch抓住 is that when this is happening事件
to a new family家庭, it is consuming消費,
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重點是當這檔事發生在新家庭的身上時
它是不停消耗的,
14:45
and a family家庭 with a new baby寶寶
is more financially經濟 vulnerable弱勢
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一個帶著一名新生兒的家庭
比起他們以前在財務上更為脆弱的,
14:48
than they've他們已經 ever been before,
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14:49
so that new mother母親 cannot不能 afford給予
to speak說話 up on her own擁有 behalf代表.
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所以新手媽媽沒本錢為自己發聲。
14:53
But all of us have voices聲音.
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但是我們所有人都有著聲音,
14:55
I am doneDONE, doneDONE having babies嬰兒,
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我已經生完孩子了,
14:59
and you might威力 be pre-baby預寶寶,
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而你可能是有小孩前、
有小孩後、沒有孩子,
15:01
you might威力 be post-baby寶寶後,
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15:02
you might威力 be no baby寶寶.
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15:04
It should not matter.
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那應該無關緊要,
15:06
We have to stop framing取景 this
as a mother's母親 issue問題,
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我們必須停止形造這個為
母親僅有的課題、
15:08
or even a women's女士的 issue問題.
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甚或是婦女的課題,
15:10
This is an American美國 issue問題.
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這是一個美國的課題!
15:14
We need to stop buying購買 the lie謊言
that these images圖片 tell us.
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我們要停止相信這些照片
告訴我們的謊言。
15:17
We need to stop being存在 comforted by them.
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我們需要停止用它們來感到自在!
15:20
We need to question
why we're told that this can't work
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當我們看到在全世界各地都行得通時,
15:22
when we see it work
everywhere到處 all over the world世界.
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我們需要去質疑為什麼
我們會被告知這做不到?
15:26
We need to recognize認識
that this American美國 reality現實
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我們需要認清這個美國現實
15:29
is to our dishonor羞辱 and to our peril.
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是我們的壞名聲以及我們的災難!
15:33
Because this is not,
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因為這個不是、
15:35
this is not,
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這個也不是、
15:37
and this is not
what a working加工 mother母親 looks容貌 like.
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這個更不是職業媽媽所看起來的樣子!
15:42
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Harry Chen
Reviewed by Helen Mak

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessica Shortall - Strategy consultant, social entrepreneur and author
Jessica Shortall is a working mom of two and author of Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Survival Guide to Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work.

Why you should listen

What do breastfeeding and paid leave for working mothers, sustainable eye care, hunger, green investing, giving shoes and the business case for LGBT equality have in common? 

For Jessica Shortall, they have all been opportunities to change the world: challenges that need sustainable solutions and require a deep understanding of market forces, audiences, and cultures. They all require an intense dive into data, and they all benefit from powerful storytelling.

Shortall has provided strategy consulting to dozens of businesses, social enterprises, non-profit organizations and campaigns in the US, UK and beyond. Her first book, Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Guide to Surviving Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work, was inspired by her own experiences of circumnavigating the globe with a breast pump. She interviewed hundreds of working mothers and dozens of HR professionals to create a practical, relatable, judgment-free guide for women who want to try to continue breastfeeding after they've returned to work.

Shortall started her adult life as a Peace Corps Volunteer in Uzbekistan, and she haven't stopped searching for ways to change the world since, across non-profit and for-profit worlds. In the early 2000s, she co-founded and franchised a non-profit organization that is now active in more than 40 communities. In 2006, she received an MBA with honors from the University of Oxford, as a Skoll Scholar in Social Entrepreneurship. She went on to spend three years providing consulting services to social entrepreneurs. From 2009 to 2014, she was the first Director of Giving at TOMS Shoes, hired to build out the now-iconic One for One giving mission and strategy. 

She currently lives in Dallas, TX with her husband Clay and her two children.

More profile about the speaker
Jessica Shortall | Speaker | TED.com