ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jill Heinerth - Cave diver
Jill Heinerth explores underwater caves deep inside the earth.

Why you should listen

More people have walked on the moon than have been to some of the places that Jill's exploration has taken her right here on the earth. From the most dangerous technical dives deep inside underwater caves, to searching for never-before-seen ecosystems inside giant Antarctic icebergs, to the lawless desert border area between Egypt and Libya while a civil war raged around her, Jill's curiosity and passion about our watery planet is the driving force in her life.

Jill’s accolades include induction into the Explorer's Club and the inaugural class of the Women Diver's Hall of Fame. She received the Wyland ICON Award, an honor she shares with several of her underwater heroes including Jacques Cousteau, Robert Ballard and Dr. Sylvia Earle. She was named a "Living Legend" by Sport Diver Magazine and selected as Scuba Diving Magazine's "Sea Hero of the Year 2012."

In recognition of her lifetime achievement, Jill was awarded the inaugural Sir Christopher Ondaatje Medal for Exploration. Established by the Royal Canadian Geographical Society in 2013, the medal recognizes singular achievements and the pursuit of excellence by an outstanding Canadian explorer.

More profile about the speaker
Jill Heinerth | Speaker | TED.com
TEDYouth 2015

Jill Heinerth: The mysterious world of underwater caves

吉爾 漢娜斯: 水下洞穴的奇妙世界

Filmed:
1,921,342 views

洞穴潛水員 Jill Heinerth 探索流經我們星球的隱藏地底下水道。曾和生物學家、氣候學家及考古學家一起工作,Heinerth 揭開了居住在地球上一些最古老地區的生物的秘密,協助了科學研究者揭開歷史上氣候變化之謎。在這簡短演說中,讓我們潛到海浪下並且探索地表內部的奇觀
- Cave diver
Jill Heinerth explores underwater caves deep inside the earth. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
I'm an underwater水下 explorer探險者,
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我是水下探險員
00:17
more specifically特別 a cave洞穴 diver潛水員.
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更具體地說是洞穴潛水員
00:21
I wanted to be an astronaut宇航員
when I was a little kid孩子,
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當我還是小孩,我原本想成為太空人
00:23
but growing生長 up in Canada加拿大 as a young年輕 girl女孩,
that wasn't really available可得到 to me.
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以一個在加拿大成長的年輕女孩
這實在遙不可及
00:29
But as it turns out,
we know a lot more about space空間
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其實,我們了解外太空
00:33
than we do about the underground地下 waterways水路
coursing竊喜 through通過 our planet行星,
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比了解流經我們星球的
地底下水道還要多
00:37
the very lifeblood命脈 of Mother母親 Earth地球.
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而這正是地球的命脈
00:41
So I decided決定 to do something
that was even more remarkable卓越.
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所以我決定做一些更卓越的事情
00:45
Instead代替 of exploring探索 outer space空間,
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沒去外太空探險
00:47
I wanted to explore探索
the wonders奇蹟 of inner space空間.
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我反而去探索奇妙的地表深處
00:51
Now, a lot of people will tell you
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現在許多人會告訴你
00:53
that cave洞穴 diving潛水 is perhaps也許
one of the most dangerous危險 endeavors努力.
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洞穴潛水可能是最危險的冒險之一
00:58
I mean, imagine想像 yourself你自己
here in this room房間,
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我是說想像你自己
在現在這個房間裡
01:01
if you were suddenly突然
plunged暴跌 into blackness,
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如果你突然間陷入黑暗中
01:04
with your only job工作 to find the exit出口,
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你所能做的就是找到出口
01:06
sometimes有時 swimming游泳的
through通過 these large spaces空間,
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有時要游過這些大空間
01:09
and at other times
crawling爬行 beneath下面 the seats,
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又有時得爬過座位底下
01:12
following以下 a thin guideline指南,
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沿著一條指示細繩
01:15
just waiting等候 for the life support支持
to provide提供 your very next下一個 breath呼吸.
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等著維生裝備來供應你下一口氣
01:19
Well, that's my workplace職場.
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這就是我的工作場所
01:22
But what I want to teach you today今天
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今天我要告訴你的就是
01:24
is that our world世界
is not one big solid固體 rock.
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我們的世界不是一個大的實心岩石
01:29
It's a whole整個 lot more like a sponge海綿.
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它比較像一個海綿
01:31
I can swim游泳 through通過 a lot of the pores毛孔
in our earth's地球 sponge海綿,
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我可以在這個地球大海綿的孔隙中暢游
01:35
but where I can't,
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在我無法去的地方
01:37
other life-forms生命形式 and other materials物料
can make that journey旅程 without me.
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有其他的生物及物質可到達那裡
01:42
And my voice語音 is the one
that's going to teach you
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而我將會教導你認識
01:45
about the inside of Mother母親 Earth地球.
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有關地球內部
01:50
There was no guidebook指南 available可得到 to me
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當我決定成為南極冰山的首位洞穴
潛水員時,並沒有可供我參考的手冊
01:53
when I decided決定 to be the first person
to cave洞穴 dive潛水 inside Antarctic南極洲 icebergs冰山.
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01:59
In 2000, this was the largest最大
moving移動 object目的 on the planet行星.
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在 2000 年,這冰山是
世界最大的移動物體
02:04
It calved產犢 off the Ross羅斯 Ice Shelf,
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它是從 “羅斯冰架” 崩解出來的
02:06
and we went down there
to explore探索 ice edge邊緣 ecology生態
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我們就是在它底下探索冰緣生態
02:09
and search搜索 for life-forms生命形式 beneath下面 the ice.
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以及搜尋在冰下的生物
02:12
We use a technology技術 called rebreathers水下呼吸器.
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我們用一種叫「再生式氧氣系統」的技術
02:15
It's an awful可怕 lot like the same相同 technology技術
that is used for space空間 walks散步.
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這和使用在太空漫步的技術幾乎相同
02:19
This technology技術 enables使 us to go deeper更深
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這技術讓我們可以潛入
02:22
than we could've可能已經 imagined想像
even 10 years年份 ago.
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比十年前能想像的更深處
02:25
We use exotic異國情調 gases氣體,
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我們使用新型的氣體
02:27
and we can make missions任務
even up to 20 hours小時 long underwater水下.
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讓我們可以在水底長達
20 小時執行任務
02:33
I work with biologists生物學家.
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我和生物學家一起工作
02:35
It turns out that caves洞穴
are repositories資料庫 of amazing驚人 life-forms生命形式,
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我們發現這些洞穴是珍奇生物的寶庫
02:39
species種類 that we never knew知道 existed存在 before.
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有我們以前不知道存在的物種
02:43
Many許多 of these life-forms生命形式
live生活 in unusual異常 ways方法.
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這裡的許多生物以特別的方式生存
02:47
They have no pigment顏料
and no eyes眼睛 in many許多 cases,
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牠們很多是沒有色素及沒有眼睛
02:51
and these animals動物
are also extremely非常 long-lived長壽命.
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而且這些動物也非常長壽
02:55
In fact事實, animals動物 swimming游泳的
in these caves洞穴 today今天
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事實上,現在在這些洞穴裡游動的動物
02:59
are identical相同 in the fossil化石 record記錄
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和恐龍滅絕之前
這些動物所留下的化石相同
03:01
that predates the extinction滅絕
of the dinosaurs恐龍.
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03:04
So imagine想像 that: these are
like little swimming游泳的 dinosaurs恐龍.
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所以想像一下:這些就像在游泳的小恐龍
03:08
What can they teach us
about evolution演化 and survival生存?
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在演化和生存方面,
它們能教我們什麼呢?
03:13
When we look at an animal動物
like this remipederemipede swimming游泳的 in the jar,
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我們看這個在罐裡游的槳足類動物
03:17
he has giant巨人 fangs獠牙 with venom毒液.
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牠具有劇毒的大毒牙
03:20
He can actually其實 attack攻擊 something
40 times his size尺寸 and kill it.
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可以攻擊並殺死比牠大 40 倍的生物
03:24
If he were the size尺寸 of a cat,
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如果牠像貓那麼大
03:26
he'd他會 be the most dangerous危險
thing on our planet行星.
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牠將是地球上最危險的生物
03:29
And these animals動物 live生活
in remarkably異常 beautiful美麗 places地方,
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而這些動物生活在這些極為美麗的地方
03:33
and in some cases,
caves洞穴 like this, that are very young年輕,
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有些洞穴 ─像這個─ 非常年輕
03:37
yet然而 the animals動物 are ancient.
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但存在這古老的動物
03:39
How did they get there?
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牠們是怎麼來到那裡的?
03:41
I also work with physicists物理學家,
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我也和自然科學家一起工作
03:44
and they're interested有興趣 oftentimes通常情況下
in global全球 climate氣候 change更改.
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他們通常對全球氣候的改變有興趣
03:47
They can take rocks岩石 within the caves洞穴,
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他們從洞穴中的岩石取樣
03:50
and they can slice them
and look at the layers within with rocks岩石,
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然後將它們切成薄片
觀察岩石裡的分層
03:53
much like the rings戒指 of a tree,
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非常像樹的年輪
03:55
and they can count計數 back in history歷史
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他們可從歷史回溯
03:57
and learn學習 about the climate氣候 on our planet行星
at very different不同 times.
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而得知地球在不同時期的氣候
04:00
The red that you see in this photograph照片
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從這張圖片你看到的紅色部份
04:03
is actually其實 dust灰塵 from the Sahara撒哈拉 Desert沙漠.
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實際上是來自撒哈拉沙漠的沙塵
04:06
So it's been picked採摘的 up by wind,
blown across橫過 the Atlantic大西洋 Ocean海洋.
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它曾隨風揚起並飄過大西洋
04:10
It's rained下雨 down in this case案件
on the island of Abaco阿巴科 in the Bahamas巴哈馬.
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在巴哈馬的阿巴科島隨雨落下
04:15
It soaks浸泡 in through通過 the ground地面
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滲入地面
04:16
and deposits存款 itself本身
in the rocks岩石 within these caves洞穴.
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然後沉積在這些洞穴的岩石裡
04:20
And when we look back in the layers
of these rocks岩石, we can find times
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我們根據這些岩石的分層來回頭看
04:24
when the climate氣候
was very, very dry on earth地球,
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發現當時的地球氣候非常非常地乾燥
04:27
and we can go back
many許多 hundreds數以百計 of thousands數千 of years年份.
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而且我們能回溯到幾十萬年以前
04:32
Paleoclimatologists古氣候學家 are also interested有興趣
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古氣候學家也對於
04:34
in where the sea level水平 stands站立 were
at other times on earth地球.
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地球在不同時期海平面的位置有興趣
04:38
Here in Bermuda百慕大, my team球隊 and I embarked開始
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在百慕達,我和我的隊友從事
04:40
on the deepest最深 manned載人 dives潛水
ever conducted進行 in the region地區,
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這區域有史以來最深的潛水
04:43
and we were looking for places地方
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我們在尋找
04:45
where the sea level水平
used to lap膝部 up against反對 the shoreline海岸線,
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過去鄰近海岸線的海平面位置
04:48
many許多 hundreds數以百計 of feet
below下面 current當前 levels水平.
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就在現在海平面以下數百呎的地方
04:52
I also get to work with paleontologists古生物學家
and archaeologists考古學家.
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我也會與古生物學家
及考古學家一起工作
04:56
In places地方 like Mexico墨西哥,
in the Bahamas巴哈馬, and even in Cuba古巴,
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像在墨西哥、巴哈馬,甚至古巴
05:00
we're looking at cultural文化 remains遺跡
and also human人的 remains遺跡 in caves洞穴,
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我們查看了洞穴裡文化及人類的遺跡
05:05
and they tell us a lot
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讓我們知道許多
05:06
about some of the earliest最早
inhabitants居民 of these regions地區.
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有關這些區域最早的居民
05:10
But my very favorite喜愛 project項目 of all
was over 15 years年份 ago,
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但其中我最喜愛的研究計畫
是十五多年前
05:14
when I was a part部分 of the team球隊
that made製作 the very first
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當時我是成員之一
這個團隊是在製作
05:16
accurate準確, three-dimensional三維 map地圖
of a subterranean地下 surface表面.
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最早的精確 3D 立體地表下地圖
05:20
This device設備 that I'm
driving主動 through通過 the cave洞穴
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這個我駕駛通過洞穴的儀器
05:22
was actually其實 creating創建
a three-dimensional三維 model模型 as we drove開車 it.
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實際上它於我們駕駛時
就邊畫一個 3D 立體模型
05:27
We also used ultra low frequency頻率 radio無線電
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我們也利用超低頻無線電
05:29
to broadcast廣播 back to the surface表面
our exact精確 position位置 within the cave洞穴.
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向在地面的人回報我們
在洞穴裡確切的位置
05:34
So I swam under houses房屋 and businesses企業
and bowling保齡球 alleys小巷 and golf高爾夫球 courses培訓班,
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所以我游過了民宅、商家、
保齡球道及高爾夫球場
05:39
and even under a Sonny's索尼的 BBQBBQ Restaurant餐廳,
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甚至 Sonny 燒烤店的下面
05:43
Pretty漂亮 remarkable卓越, and what that taught me
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很了不起吧!這一切給我的啟示
05:45
was that everything we do
on the surface表面 of our earth地球
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是我們加諸地球表面的任何東西
05:48
will be returned to us to drink.
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都會回歸給我們飲用
05:50
Our water planet行星 is not just
rivers河流, lakes湖泊 and oceans海洋,
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我們這充滿水的星球不只是
河流、湖泊及海洋而已
05:55
but it's this vast廣大 network網絡 of groundwater地下水
that knits針織物 us all together一起.
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而是廣大的地下水網絡
將我們緊密地結合在一起
06:00
It's a shared共享 resource資源
from which哪一個 we all drink.
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它是一個共享資源
我們都飲用它
06:04
And when we can understand理解
our human人的 connections連接 with our groundwater地下水
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當我們能了解人類與
這個星球的地下水
06:08
and all of our water resources資源
on this planet行星,
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和所有水資源的關連性
06:11
then we'll be working加工 on the problem問題
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那麼我們將努力解決這個問題
06:12
that's probably大概 the most important重要
issue問題 of this century世紀.
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而且這可能是本世紀最重要的議題
06:17
So I never got to be that astronaut宇航員
that I always wanted to be,
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所以我沒有成為我一直想要當的太空人
06:20
but this mapping製圖 device設備,
designed設計 by Dr博士. Bill法案 Stone, will be.
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但是這個由比爾史東博士
設計的繪圖裝置,會!
06:24
It's actually其實 morphed演變.
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事實上,它被修改過
06:25
It's now a self-swimming自游泳 autonomous自主性 robot機器人,
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它現在是一個會
自己游泳的自動化機器人
06:28
artificially人為 intelligent智能,
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具有人工智慧
06:30
and its ultimate最終 goal目標
is to go to Jupiter's木星 moon月亮 Europa歐羅巴
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它的終極目標是到木星的衛星
─ Europa / 歐羅巴
06:34
and explore探索 oceans海洋 beneath下面
the frozen凍結的 surface表面 of that body身體.
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探索該處冰涷地表下的海洋
06:39
And that's pretty漂亮 amazing驚人.
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這實在是非常了不起!
06:42
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
Translated by Yun An Chen
Reviewed by April Andersen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jill Heinerth - Cave diver
Jill Heinerth explores underwater caves deep inside the earth.

Why you should listen

More people have walked on the moon than have been to some of the places that Jill's exploration has taken her right here on the earth. From the most dangerous technical dives deep inside underwater caves, to searching for never-before-seen ecosystems inside giant Antarctic icebergs, to the lawless desert border area between Egypt and Libya while a civil war raged around her, Jill's curiosity and passion about our watery planet is the driving force in her life.

Jill’s accolades include induction into the Explorer's Club and the inaugural class of the Women Diver's Hall of Fame. She received the Wyland ICON Award, an honor she shares with several of her underwater heroes including Jacques Cousteau, Robert Ballard and Dr. Sylvia Earle. She was named a "Living Legend" by Sport Diver Magazine and selected as Scuba Diving Magazine's "Sea Hero of the Year 2012."

In recognition of her lifetime achievement, Jill was awarded the inaugural Sir Christopher Ondaatje Medal for Exploration. Established by the Royal Canadian Geographical Society in 2013, the medal recognizes singular achievements and the pursuit of excellence by an outstanding Canadian explorer.

More profile about the speaker
Jill Heinerth | Speaker | TED.com