ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Arthur Brooks - Social scientist, author
As president of the American Enterprise Institute, Arthur Brooks is changing the way conservatives think about poverty and opportunity.

Why you should listen

When classical French horn player Arthur Brooks returned to the United States from Spain with no money and few academic credentials, he felt he was immigrating to his own country. Now, as president of the conservative think tank American Enterprise Institute (and an author of many columns and books, including his latest, The Conservative Heart), he's injecting a much-needed dose of compassion into contemporary conservative discourse.

A tireless advocate of free enterprise, Brooks argues that "a conservatism that fights poverty, promotes equal opportunity and extols spiritual enlightenment" is what the United States needs to restore prosperity and happiness.

More profile about the speaker
Arthur Brooks | Speaker | TED.com
TED2016

Arthur Brooks: A conservative's plea: Let's work together

亞瑟‧布魯克斯: 一個保守派的呼籲:讓我們攜手合作吧

Filmed:
1,282,147 views

保守派和自由派都相信,自己的出發點是愛,而對手則充滿仇恨。我們要怎麼在兩極對立的情況下,解決問題呢?在這場演說中,社會科學家亞瑟‧布魯克斯分享了如何打破這種僵局的想法。「我們應該把這種惡意的意識形態聖戰,變成產生不同想法的良性競爭。」
- Social scientist, author
As president of the American Enterprise Institute, Arthur Brooks is changing the way conservatives think about poverty and opportunity. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I come from one of the most liberal自由主義的,
0
800
3496
我來自全美最自由、
最包容、最前衛的地方之一:
00:16
tolerant寬容, progressive進步 places地方
in the United聯合的 States狀態,
1
4320
3216
00:19
Seattle西雅圖, Washington華盛頓.
2
7560
1200
華盛頓州的西雅圖。
00:21
And I grew成長 up with a family家庭
of great SeattlitesSeattlites.
3
9480
3896
我在大西雅圖地區的一個家庭長大。
00:25
My mother母親 was an artist藝術家,
my father父親 was a college學院 professor教授,
4
13400
3816
我的母親是個藝術家,父親是大學教授,
00:29
and I am truly grateful感激 for my upbringing教養,
5
17240
2536
我很感激所得到的教養,
00:31
because I always felt completely全然
comfortable自在 designing設計 my life
6
19800
4496
因為我一直能完全照我的心意
00:36
exactly究竟 as I saw fit適合.
7
24320
1960
設計、安排我的生活。
00:39
And in point of fact事實,
8
27000
1336
事實上,
00:40
I took a route路線 that was not exactly究竟
what my parents父母 had in mind心神.
9
28360
3096
我走了一條並非父母期望的路。
00:43
When I was 19, I dropped下降 out of college學院 --
10
31480
2920
我 19 歲的時候休學 ——
00:47
dropped下降 out, kicked out, splitting分裂 hairs.
11
35120
2056
休學、退學,類似啦。
00:49
(Laughter笑聲)
12
37200
2360
(笑聲)
00:52
And I went on the road
as a professional專業的 French法國 horn喇叭 player播放機,
13
40680
4256
我後來成為職業法國號演奏家,
00:56
which哪一個 was my lifelong終身 dream夢想.
14
44960
1696
這是我畢生的夢想。
00:58
I played發揮 chamber music音樂
all over the United聯合的 States狀態 and Europe歐洲,
15
46680
2896
我在歐美各地巡迴兩、三年,
01:01
and I toured參觀 for a couple一對 of years年份
16
49600
1776
演奏室內樂,
01:03
with a great jazz爵士樂 guitar吉他 player播放機
named命名 Charlie查理 Bird.
17
51400
2976
和知名爵士吉他手查理·博德同團。
01:06
And by the end結束 of my 20s,
18
54400
1576
在我快 30 歲的時候,
01:08
I wound傷口 up as a member會員 of the Barcelona巴塞羅那
Symphony交響樂 Orchestra樂隊 in Spain西班牙.
19
56000
4176
加入西班牙的巴塞隆納交響樂團。
01:12
What a great life.
20
60200
1216
此生無憾了。
01:13
And you know, my parents父母 never complained抱怨.
21
61440
3576
我父母從未抱怨過。
01:17
They supported支持的 me all the way through通過 it.
22
65040
1976
他們一路支持我,
01:19
It wasn't their dream夢想.
23
67040
1896
儘管這不是他們的夢想。
01:20
They used to tell
their neighbors鄰居 and friends朋友,
24
68960
2143
他們曾跟鄰居和朋友說,
01:23
"Our son兒子, he's taking服用 a gap間隙 decade."
25
71127
3049
「我們的兒子在放長假。」
01:26
(Laughter笑聲)
26
74200
1840
(笑聲)
01:28
And --
27
76880
1896
然後...
01:30
There was, however然而, one awkward尷尬
conversation會話 about my lifestyle生活方式
28
78800
4896
我要告訴你一個
有關我生活形式的尷尬對話。
01:35
that I want to tell you about.
29
83720
1456
27歲時我從巴塞隆納回來,
01:37
I was 27, and I was home from Barcelona巴塞羅那,
30
85200
2776
01:40
and I was visiting訪問
my parents父母 for Christmas聖誕,
31
88000
2696
在聖誕節時跟父母團聚,
01:42
and I was cooking烹飪 dinner晚餐 with my mother母親,
and we were alone單獨 in the kitchen廚房.
32
90720
3680
當時只有母親和我在廚房煮晚餐。
01:47
And she was quiet安靜, too quiet安靜.
33
95240
2816
她很安靜,一句話都沒說。
01:50
Something was wrong錯誤.
34
98080
1456
我知道一定有什麼事。
01:51
And so I said, "Mom媽媽, what's on your mind心神?"
35
99560
2520
我問:「媽,妳在想什麼?」
01:54
And she said, "Your dad and I
are really worried擔心 about you."
36
102760
4256
她回答:「你爸和我很擔心你。」
01:59
And I said, "What?"
I mean, what could it be, at this point?
37
107040
2896
我說:「什麼啊?」
意思是,在這個時候有什麼好擔心的?
02:01
And she said, "I want you to be
completely全然 honest誠實 with me:
38
109960
2800
她說:「你老實告訴我,
02:05
have you been voting表決 for Republicans共和黨人?"
39
113680
1936
你投票給了共和黨嗎?」
02:07
(Laughter笑聲)
40
115640
2200
(笑聲)
02:12
Now, the truth真相 is,
41
120680
1376
是這樣的,
02:14
I wasn't really political政治,
I was just a French法國 horn喇叭 player播放機.
42
122080
4376
我並不把政治掛在嘴邊,
我只是個法國號樂手。
02:18
But I had a bit of an epiphany頓悟,
43
126480
3535
但是我有些頓悟,
02:22
and they had detected檢測 it,
and it was causing造成 some confusion混亂.
44
130039
2857
我的父母察覺了,所以這樣問。
02:24
You see, I had become成為
an enthusiast愛好者 for capitalism資本主義,
45
132920
4680
我迷上了資本主義,
02:30
and I want to tell you why that is.
46
138200
2616
讓我告訴你怎麼了。
02:32
It stems from a lifelong終身 interest利益 of mine
47
140840
4136
似乎從很久以前,
02:37
in, believe it or not, poverty貧窮.
48
145000
1960
我就一直關心貧窮的問題。
02:39
See, when I was a kid孩子
growing生長 up in Seattle西雅圖,
49
147920
2336
我從小在西雅圖長大,
02:42
I remember記得 the first time
I saw real真實 poverty貧窮.
50
150280
3616
還記得第一次看到真正的貧窮。
02:45
We were a lower降低 middle中間 class family家庭,
but that's of course課程 not real真實 poverty貧窮.
51
153920
4376
我們是較低的中產階級家庭,
並不真正窮,
02:50
That's not even close.
52
158320
1736
和貧窮差得遠了。
02:52
The first time I saw poverty貧窮,
and poverty's貧窮的 face面對,
53
160080
3416
第一次看到貧窮、貧窮的臉,
02:55
was when I was six
or seven years年份 old, early 1970s.
54
163520
2816
是在我六、七歲時,
也就是在70年代早期,
02:58
And it was like a lot of you,
kind of a prosaic平淡 example, kind of trite平凡的.
55
166360
4536
和許多人一樣,我看到一個平淡無奇,
甚至可算陳腐的例子,
03:02
It was a picture圖片 in the National國民
Geographic地理 Magazine雜誌
56
170920
3376
是一張國家地理雜誌曾經刊登的照片,
03:06
of a kid孩子 who was my age年齡 in East Africa非洲,
57
174320
4296
一個跟我差不多年紀的東非孩子,
03:10
and there were flies蒼蠅 on his face面對
and a distended擴張 belly肚皮.
58
178640
2576
他的臉上有許多蒼蠅,肚子腫脹。
03:13
And he wasn't going to make it,
and I knew知道 that, and I was helpless無助.
59
181240
4920
我知道他活不了多久了,但我無能為力。
03:18
Some of you remember記得 that picture圖片,
60
186720
1976
你可能記得這張照片,
03:20
not exactly究竟 that picture圖片,
one just like it.
61
188720
2016
或者是其他類似的照片。
03:22
It introduced介紹 the West西
to grinding磨碎 poverty貧窮 around the world世界.
62
190760
4800
這照片讓西方看見世界其他地方的赤貧。
03:28
Well, that vision視力 kind of haunted鬧鬼 me
as I grew成長 up and I went to school學校
63
196240
4776
這影像在我腦海中盤旋不去。
我長大、上學、休學、復學,
03:33
and I dropped下降 out and dropped下降 in
64
201040
1776
03:34
and started開始 my family家庭.
65
202840
1960
然後有了自己的家庭。
03:37
And I wondered想知道, what happened發生 to that kid孩子?
66
205496
2000
我心裡想著,那小孩後來怎樣了?
03:39
Or to people just like him
all over the world世界?
67
207520
2680
世界上其他類似的人怎樣了?
03:43
And so I started開始 to study研究,
even though雖然 I wasn't in college學院,
68
211200
2776
雖然沒上大學,我還是開始研究這個問題,
03:46
I was looking for the answer回答:
69
214000
1416
試著找出答案。
03:47
what happened發生 to the world's世界
poorest最窮 people?
70
215440
2096
世界上最貧窮的人後來怎樣了?
03:49
Has it gotten得到 worse更差?
Has it gotten得到 better? What?
71
217560
2256
他們的情況更糟嗎?變好了嗎?到底怎麼了?
03:51
And I found發現 the answer回答,
and it changed my life,
72
219840
2776
最後我找到答案,也徹底改變了我自己,
03:54
and I want to share分享 it with you.
73
222640
1560
這就是我接下來要與你們分享的。
03:57
See --
74
225040
1200
是這樣的 --
03:59
most Americans美國人 believe
that poverty貧窮 has gotten得到 worse更差
75
227760
4256
大部分美國人以為
自我們幼時、或看到這景象時,
04:04
since以來 we were children孩子,
since以來 they saw that vision視力.
76
232040
3136
到現在,貧窮情況愈來愈糟。
04:07
If you ask Americans美國人, "Has poverty貧窮
gotten得到 worse更差 or better around the world世界?",
77
235200
3656
如果你問一位美國人,
「世上的貧窮是更嚴重還是改善了?」
百分之七十的人回答,
自70年代到現在,越來越多人挨餓。
04:10
70 percent百分 will say that hunger飢餓
has gotten得到 worse更差 since以來 the early 1970s.
78
238880
3336
04:14
But here's這裡的 the truth真相.
79
242240
1496
但,實情如下。
04:15
Here's這裡的 the epiphany頓悟 that I had
that changed my thinking思維.
80
243760
3696
下面的頓悟改變了我的想法。
04:19
From 1970 until直到 today今天,
81
247480
2760
從1970年到今天,
04:22
the percentage百分比 of the world's世界 population人口
82
250880
2856
世界上飢餓人口的百分比,
04:25
living活的 in starvation飢餓 levels水平,
83
253760
2016
意即,隨通貨膨脹調整,
每天少於一美元的生活費,
04:27
living活的 on a dollar美元 a day or less,
obviously明顯 adjusted調整 for inflation通貨膨脹,
84
255800
3656
04:31
that percentage百分比 has declined下降
85
259480
3216
百分比下降了八成之多。
04:34
by 80 percent百分.
86
262720
1680
04:37
There's been an 80 percent百分 decline下降
in the world's世界 worst最差 poverty貧窮
87
265080
2976
從我幼時到現在,
世界的赤貧人口減少了80%。
04:40
since以來 I was a kid孩子.
88
268080
1216
以前我並不知道。
04:41
And I didn't even know about it.
89
269320
1576
朋友們,這是個奇蹟啊!
04:42
This, my friends朋友, that's a miracle奇蹟.
90
270920
1880
04:45
That's something we ought應該 to celebrate慶祝.
91
273320
2296
我們應該為這件事慶祝。
04:47
It's the greatest最大 antipoverty反貧困 achievement成就
in the history歷史 of mankind人類,
92
275640
4256
這是人類歷史上
消滅貧窮最大的成就,
04:51
and it happened發生 in our lifetimes壽命.
93
279920
2536
而且就發生在我們這一生中。
04:54
(Applause掌聲)
94
282480
3536
(掌聲)
04:58
So when I learned學到了 this, I asked,
what did that? What made製作 it possible可能?
95
286040
4856
得知這事實時,我找原因,
想知道是如何脫貧的?
05:02
Because if you don't know why,
you can't do it again.
96
290920
2816
如果我們不知道原因,
就不能繼續改善貧窮的情況。
05:05
If you want to replicate複製 it
97
293760
1336
如果要複製
使另外二十億人能夠脫離貧窮,
05:07
and get the next下一個 two billion十億
people out of poverty貧窮,
98
295120
2536
05:09
because that's what we're talking about:
since以來 I was a kid孩子,
99
297680
2776
如同我們正在談論的,
從我幼時至今,
05:12
two billion十億 of the least最小 of these,
our brothers兄弟 and sisters姐妹,
100
300480
2816
有二十億最貧困的弟兄姊妹們已脫離赤貧。
05:15
have been pulled out of poverty貧窮.
101
303316
1540
我要接下來的二十億人也脫離貧困,
所以我必須明白如何辦得到。
05:16
I want the next下一個 two billion十億,
so I've got to know why.
102
304880
2486
我尋找答案。
05:19
And I went in search搜索 of an answer回答.
103
307386
1630
05:21
And it wasn't a political政治 answer回答,
because I didn't care關心.
104
309040
2656
不是政治的答案,因我不在乎政治。
05:23
You know what, I still don't care關心.
105
311720
1656
至今,我仍不在乎政治。
05:25
I wanted the best最好 answer回答
from mainstream主流 economists經濟學家
106
313400
4816
我要主流經濟學家的最好答案,
05:30
left, right and center中央.
107
318240
2120
不管左派、中間、或右派。
05:32
And here it is.
108
320880
1200
答案揭曉。
05:34
Here are the reasons原因.
109
322560
1256
是這些原因。
05:35
There are five reasons原因 that two billion十億
of our brothers兄弟 and sisters姐妹
110
323840
3736
自幼至今,是這五個原因
使二十億我們的弟兄姊妹們脫離貧窮。
05:39
have been pulled out of poverty貧窮
since以來 I was a kid孩子.
111
327600
2376
05:42
Number one: globalization全球化.
112
330000
2520
一:全球化。
05:45
Number two: free自由 trade貿易.
113
333080
2096
二:自由貿易。
05:47
Number three: property屬性 rights權利.
114
335200
2336
三:產權。
05:49
Number four: rule規則 of law.
115
337560
2536
四:法治。
05:52
Number five: entrepreneurship創業.
116
340120
2976
五:創業。
05:55
It was the free自由 enterprise企業 system系統
spreading傳播 around the world世界
117
343120
4256
是1970年後,廣泛散佈世界各地的
自由企業制度所達成的。
05:59
after 1970 that did that.
118
347400
1776
06:01
Now, I'm not naive幼稚.
119
349200
2416
我並不天真。
06:03
I know that free自由 enterprise企業 isn't perfect完善,
120
351640
2456
我知道自由企業制度並非完美,
06:06
and I know that free自由 enterprise企業
isn't everything we need
121
354120
3136
我們不能僅靠自由企業制度
06:09
to build建立 a better world世界.
122
357280
1216
來建造更美好的世界。
06:10
But that is great.
123
358520
2536
但是它很棒。
06:13
And that's beyond politics政治.
124
361080
1336
它凌駕於政治之上。
06:14
Here's這裡的 what I learned學到了.
This is the epiphany頓悟.
125
362440
2096
這是我學到、頓悟到的。
06:16
Capitalism資本主義 is not just about accumulation積累.
126
364560
3016
資本主義不僅是資產的累積。
06:19
At its best最好, it's about aspiration心願,
127
367600
2536
而是心願、抱負的極致,
06:22
which哪一個 is what so many許多 people
on this stage階段 talk about,
128
370160
2696
如同這講台上許多人所說的,
06:24
is the aspiration心願 that comes from dreams
129
372880
3216
在自由企業制度中的資本主義
06:28
that are embedded嵌入式
in the free自由 enterprise企業 system系統.
130
376120
2256
能夠讓夢想延伸成心願、抱負。
06:30
And we've我們已經 got to share分享 it
with more people.
131
378400
2176
而且我們必須與更多的人分享。
06:32
Now, I want to tell you
about a second第二 epiphany頓悟
132
380600
3216
讓我告訴你第二個頓悟,
06:35
that's related有關 to that first one
133
383840
2496
與第一個有關,
06:38
that I think can bring帶來 us progress進展,
not just around the world世界,
134
386360
3056
它能帶來進步,不只世界各地,
06:41
but right here at home.
135
389440
1240
我們美國本地也是。
06:43
The best最好 quote引用 I've ever heard聽說
136
391840
2016
我所聽過最好的引用句,
06:45
to summarize總結 the thoughts思念
that I've just given特定 you
137
393880
3576
總結我剛剛所說
06:49
about pulling people out of poverty貧窮
138
397480
2056
拯救貧窮的想法,
06:51
is as follows如下:
139
399560
2096
如下:
06:53
"Free自由 markets市場 have created創建 more wealth財富
than any system系統 in history歷史.
140
401680
4856
「自由市場比歷史上任何的機制
創造了更多的財富。
06:58
They have lifted取消 billions數十億 out of poverty貧窮."
141
406560
2800
它們使數十億的人出脫貧窮。」
07:02
Who said it?
142
410400
1256
誰說的?
07:03
It sounds聲音 like Milton米爾頓 Friedman弗里德曼
or Ronald羅納德 Reagan裡根.
143
411680
3400
聽起來像米爾頓·弗里德曼 或 雷根總統。
07:07
Wrong錯誤.
144
415800
1200
錯了。
07:09
President主席 Barack巴拉克 Obama奧巴馬 said that.
145
417480
2240
奧巴馬總統說的。
07:12
Why do I know it by heart?
146
420440
1600
為什麼我熟知?
07:14
Because he said it to me.
147
422960
1440
因為是他對我說的。
07:17
Crazy.
148
425640
1496
難以置信啊。
07:19
And I said, "Hallelujah哈利路亞."
149
427160
2680
我說,「哈利路亞!」
07:22
But more than that, I said,
150
430800
2496
我還說,
07:25
"What an opportunity機會."
151
433320
1696
「大好的機會。」
07:27
You know what I was a thinking思維?
152
435040
1496
可知道我想什麼?
07:28
It was at an event事件
that we were doing on the subject學科
153
436560
2456
那是2015年的5月,
我們正在喬治城大學研討這議題。
07:31
at Georgetown喬治敦 University大學 in May可能 of 2015.
154
439040
1936
07:33
And I thought, this is the solution
155
441000
2776
當時我想,這正是當前美國
所面對的最大問題的解答。
07:35
to the biggest最大 problem問題
facing面對 America美國 today今天. What?
156
443800
3496
什麼?
07:39
It's coming未來 together一起 around these ideas思路,
157
447320
2776
是接受這些想法,
07:42
liberals自由主義者 and conservatives保守派,
158
450120
1736
自由派和保守派攜手幫助
那些最需要被幫助的人。
07:43
to help people who need us the most.
159
451880
3080
07:47
Now, I don't have to tell anybody任何人
in this room房間 that we're in a crisis危機,
160
455480
3296
不需要我告訴在座的各位
我們正面臨危機,
07:50
in America美國 and many許多 countries國家 around
the world世界 with political政治 polarization極化.
161
458800
3576
美國和世界各地許多國家
正面臨政治的兩極化。
07:54
It's risen上升 to critical危急, crisis危機 levels水平.
162
462400
1896
已經升高到關鍵危機的層次。
07:56
It's unpleasant不愉快. It's not right.
163
464320
2400
這是不宜人、不對的。
07:59
There was an article文章 last year
164
467320
1656
西方世界最負盛名的期刊之一的
美國國家科學院期刊,
08:01
in the Proceedings論文集
of the National國民 Academy學院 of Sciences科學,
165
469000
2616
在去年發表了一篇文章。
08:03
which哪一個 is one of the most
prestigious聲望很高的 scientific科學 journals期刊
166
471640
3480
這篇2014年的文章講得是
08:08
published發表 in the West西.
167
476080
1256
08:09
And it was an article文章 in 2014
168
477360
2456
08:11
on political政治 motive動機 asymmetry不對稱.
169
479840
2416
政治動機的不對稱性。
08:14
What's that? That's what psychologists心理學家
call the phenomenon現象
170
482280
2715
那是什麼?這就是心理學家所說的現象:
08:17
of assuming假設 that your ideology思想
is based基於 in love
171
485019
3920
臆斷你的思想基於愛,
08:21
but your opponents'對手“ ideology思想
is based基於 in hate討厭.
172
489440
2880
而對手的思想卻基於仇恨。
08:24
It's common共同 in world世界 conflict衝突.
173
492920
2816
這是世界衝突常見的現象。
08:27
You expect期望 to see this between之間
Palestinians巴勒斯坦人 and Israelis以色列人, for example.
174
495760
4040
例如,在以巴衝突中看得到。
08:32
What the authors作者 of this article文章 found發現
175
500400
2416
本文作者發現
08:34
was that in America美國 today今天,
a majority多數 of Republicans共和黨人 and Democrats民主黨
176
502840
4616
在今日的美國,
大多數共和黨和民主黨人
08:39
suffer遭受 from political政治 motive動機 asymmetry不對稱.
177
507480
2576
苦於政治動機的不對稱性。
08:42
A majority多數 of people in our country國家 today今天
who are politically政治上 active活性 believe
178
510080
3856
今天,我國大多數關心政治的人認為
08:45
that they are motivated動機 by love
but the other side is motivated動機 by hate討厭.
179
513960
3416
己方的出發點是愛,
而對方的出發點則是恨。
08:49
Think about it. Think about it.
180
517400
1536
想想吧。想想吧。
08:50
Most people are walking步行 around saying,
181
518960
2175
大多數人到處宣揚,
08:53
"You know, my ideology思想
is based基於 on basic基本 benevolence,
182
521159
3177
「我的思想以善為本,
08:56
I want to help people,
183
524360
1216
我想幫助人;
08:57
but the other guys,
they're evil邪惡 and out to get me."
184
525600
2800
但是對方是邪惡的,故意和我作對。」
09:01
You can't progress進展 as a society社會
when you have this kind of asymmetry不對稱.
185
529200
5296
有這種不對稱性的社會不能進步。
09:06
It's impossible不可能.
186
534520
1200
不可能。
09:08
How do we solve解決 it?
187
536560
1256
我們該如何解決呢?
09:09
Well, first, let's be honest誠實:
there are differences分歧.
188
537840
3656
首先,我們得誠實面對 差異的存在。
09:13
Let's not minimize最小化 the differences分歧.
That would be really naïve已經.
189
541520
3696
我們不是去減少分歧,因那是很幼稚的。
09:17
There's a lot of good research研究 on this.
190
545240
2056
已有許多相關的好研究。
09:19
A veteran老將 of the TEDTED stage階段
is my friend朋友 Jonathan喬納森 Haidt海特.
191
547320
3136
我的朋友喬納森·海特
是TED舞台的常客。
09:22
He's a psychology心理學 professor教授
at New York紐約 University大學.
192
550480
3056
他是紐約大學的心理學教授。
09:25
He does work on the ideology思想
and values and morals of different不同 people
193
553560
4936
他研究不同人的意識形態、道德觀念,
09:30
to see how they differ不同.
194
558520
1240
看有什麼差異。
09:32
And he's shown顯示, for example,
that conservatives保守派 and liberals自由主義者
195
560360
2810
他表示,保守派和自由派
所看重的重點,非常不同。
09:35
have a very different不同 emphasis重點
on what they think is important重要.
196
563194
3016
09:38
For example, Jon喬恩 Haidt海特 has shown顯示
197
566234
3302
喬納森·海特舉例,
09:41
that liberals自由主義者 care關心 about poverty貧窮
198
569560
2976
自由派關心貧窮
09:44
59 percent百分 more than they care關心
about economic經濟 liberty自由.
199
572560
2880
比關心自由經濟超出59%。
09:48
And conservatives保守派
care關心 about economic經濟 liberty自由
200
576280
2496
而保守派關心自由經濟
09:50
28 percent百分 more
than they care關心 about poverty貧窮.
201
578800
3160
比關心貧窮,超出28%。
09:54
Irreconcilable不可調和 differences分歧, right?
202
582920
2056
不可調和的分歧,對吧?
09:57
We'll never come together一起. Wrong錯誤.
203
585000
2000
我們永遠走不到一起。錯了。
09:59
That is diversity多樣
in which哪一個 lies our strength強度.
204
587520
3376
我們的實力 奠基在「多樣性上」。
10:02
Remember記得 what pulled up the poor較差的.
205
590920
4136
回顧一下,是什麼拯救了赤貧。
10:07
It was the obsession困擾 with poverty貧窮,
206
595080
3056
是在乎貧窮,
10:10
accompanied伴隨著 by the method方法
of economic經濟 freedom自由
207
598160
4216
加上傳遍世界的自由經濟法 。
10:14
spreading傳播 around the world世界.
208
602400
1616
10:16
We need each other, in other words,
209
604040
2536
換言之,我們必須彼此攜手,
10:18
if we want to help people and get the next下一個
two billion十億 people out of poverty貧窮.
210
606600
3620
以幫助接下來的二十億人 也脫離貧窮。
10:22
There's no other way.
211
610244
1280
別無他法。
10:24
Hmm.
212
612560
1336
嗯。
10:25
How are we going to get that?
213
613920
1480
我們如何能做到呢?
10:28
It's a tricky狡猾 thing, isn't it.
214
616360
1656
很棘手,是吧?
10:30
We need innovative創新 thinking思維.
215
618040
2216
我們需要創新思維。
10:32
A lot of it's on this stage階段.
216
620280
1656
台上有許多。
10:33
Social社會 entrepreneurship創業.
Yeah. Absolutely絕對. Phenomenal非凡的.
217
621960
3160
社會企業家精神。
是啊。絕對。非凡的。
10:38
We need investment投資 overseas海外
218
626280
2336
海外投資必須是
10:40
in a sustainable可持續發展, responsible主管,
ethical合乎道德的 and moral道德 way. Yes. Yes.
219
628640
4376
永續的、負責任的、
符合倫理道德的。對。對。
10:45
But you know what we really need?
220
633040
1816
可知我們真正需要什麼?
10:46
We need a new day in flexible靈活 ideology思想.
221
634880
4616
我們需要新的一天、靈活的思想意識。
10:51
We need to be less predictable可預測.
222
639520
2560
我們需要少些可預期性。
10:54
Don't we?
223
642680
1216
不是嗎?
10:55
Do you ever feel like your own擁有 ideology思想
is starting開始 to get predictable可預測?
224
643920
4576
你可曾覺得自己的思想意識
開始變得越來越可預期?
11:00
Kinda有點兒 conventional常規?
225
648520
1736
落入常規?
11:02
Do you ever feel like you're always
listening to people who agree同意 with you?
226
650280
4136
可曾覺得你總是在聽
合你心意的人所說的話?
11:06
Why is that dangerous危險?
227
654440
1736
為什麼危險呢?
11:08
Because when we talk
in this country國家 about economics經濟學,
228
656200
3576
因為每當我國在討論經濟時,
11:11
on the right, conservatives保守派,
229
659800
1656
在右派、保守派,
11:13
you're always talking about taxes
and regulations法規 and big government政府.
230
661480
4640
總是談稅、管制法規、和大政府。
11:18
And on the left, liberals自由主義者,
you're talking about economics經濟學,
231
666880
2736
而左派、自由派,
在討論經濟時,總是談所得的不均。對吧?
11:21
it's always about income收入 inequality不等式.
232
669640
2256
11:23
Right? Now those are important重要 things,
233
671920
3416
這些都是重要的事情,
11:27
really important重要 to me,
really important重要 to you.
234
675360
2256
對我很重要,對你很重要。
11:29
But when it comes to lifting吊裝 people up
235
677640
2536
但是對那些身處飢餓中
需要我們幫助脫貧的人而言,
11:32
who are starving挨餓 and need us today今天,
those are distractions分心.
236
680200
4456
這些只是分心而已。
11:36
We need to come together一起
around the best最好 ways方法
237
684680
3416
我們必須一起覺醒
11:40
to mitigate減輕 poverty貧窮
using運用 the best最好 tools工具 at our disposal處置,
238
688120
3336
以可使用的最好工具
找出減輕貧窮的最佳途徑,
11:43
and that comes only when conservatives保守派
recognize認識 that they need liberals自由主義者
239
691480
4496
要達到這目標,必須得
保守派認知他們
需要自由主義者 與其所執著的貧困,
11:48
and their obsession困擾 with poverty貧窮,
240
696000
1616
11:49
and liberals自由主義者 need conservatives保守派
and their obsession困擾 with free自由 markets市場.
241
697640
5120
加上自由主義者認知
需要保守派及其痴迷的自由市場。
11:55
That's the diversity多樣 in which哪一個 lies
the future未來 strength強度 of this country國家,
242
703240
4496
「多樣性」是我們國家未來的力量,
如果我們選擇了多樣性。
11:59
if we choose選擇 to take it.
243
707760
1960
12:02
So how are we going to do it?
How are we going to do it together一起?
244
710760
3056
那我們如何做呢?怎麼做起來呢?
12:05
I've got to have some action行動 items項目,
not just for you but for me.
245
713840
3160
我必須有一些行動項目,
不只為你,而是為我。
12:09
Number one. Action行動 item項目 number one:
246
717400
2896
第一,第一個行動:
12:12
remember記得, it's not good enough足夠
just to tolerate容忍 people who disagree不同意.
247
720320
5216
記住,只是「容忍」意見不同的人
是不夠的。
12:17
It's not good enough足夠.
248
725560
1696
是不夠的。
12:19
We have to remember記得 that we need
people who disagree不同意 with us,
249
727280
3896
我們必須記住,我們「需要」異議者,
12:23
because there are people
who need all of us
250
731200
2336
因為世上還有許多人等著
12:25
who are still waiting等候 for these tools工具.
251
733560
2440
我們所有的人攜手,
一起提供解決問題的工具。
12:28
Now, what are you going to do?
How are you going to express表現 that?
252
736680
3296
接下來,你打算怎麼辦?
你將如何表達?
12:32
Where does this start開始? It starts啟動 here.
253
740000
1936
從哪裡開始?從這裡開始。
12:33
You know, all of us
in this room房間, we're blessed幸福.
254
741960
3256
要知道,在這房裡的人都是有福的。
12:37
We're blessed幸福 with people
who listen to us.
255
745240
2056
我們有幸,有人聽從我們。
12:39
We're blessed幸福 with prosperity繁榮.
We're blessed幸福 with leadership領導.
256
747320
2896
我們有繁榮的福氣。
我們有幸,居於領導地位。
12:42
When people hear us,
with the kind of unpredictable不可預料的 ideology思想,
257
750240
4400
當人們聽到
我們有這出乎意料的意識形態,
12:47
then maybe people will listen.
258
755200
2416
也許他們會聽從,自此開始進展。
12:49
Maybe progress進展 will start開始 at that point.
259
757640
2176
以上是第一點。
12:51
That's number one. Number two.
260
759840
1760
第二,
第二:我要求你、也要求我自己,
12:54
Number two: I'm asking you
and I'm asking me
261
762160
3800
12:58
to be the person specifically特別
who blurs模糊 the lines,
262
766680
4376
做一個界線模糊的人,
13:03
who is ambiguous曖昧, who is hard to classify分類.
263
771080
3280
模糊,很難被分歸於哪一類的人。
13:07
If you're a conservative保守,
264
775160
1256
如果你是保守派,
13:08
be the conservative保守
who is always going on about poverty貧窮
265
776440
3536
做一個關心窮人
肩負道德責任,為窮人戰鬥的保守派。
13:12
and the moral道德 obligation義務
to be a warrior戰士 for the poor較差的.
266
780000
2816
13:14
And if you're a liberal自由主義的,
be a liberal自由主義的 who is always talking
267
782840
3696
如果你屬自由派,做一個服膺 --
自由市場機制的美好,
在於若被負責任地使用
13:18
about the beauty美女 of free自由 markets市場
to solve解決 our problems問題
268
786560
4576
就能夠解決問題 -- 的自由主義者。
13:23
when we use them responsibly負責任.
269
791160
1600
13:25
If we do that, we get two things.
270
793320
2736
如果我們這樣做,我
們可以得到兩件事情。
13:28
Number one: we get to start開始
to work on the next下一個 two billion十億
271
796080
4576
第一:我們可以開始下一輪
二十億人的脫貧工作,
13:32
and be the solution
that we've我們已經 seen看到 so much of in the past過去
272
800680
3536
讓我們成為解決之道,
如同過去看到的那些解方法,
13:36
and we need to see more of in the future未來.
That's what we get.
273
804240
2896
未來需要更多的解決之道。
這就是我們得到的。
13:39
And the second第二 is
that we might威力 just be able能夠
274
807160
2976
第二:也許我們能夠
13:42
to take the ghastly陰森 holy war戰爭 of ideology思想
that we're suffering痛苦 under in this country國家
275
810160
4656
把我國正遭受著的、
可怕的意識形態聖戰,
13:46
and turn it into a competition競爭 of ideas思路
276
814840
4256
變成了基於團結和互重的
產生新想法的良性競爭。
13:51
based基於 on solidarity團結 and mutual相互 respect尊重.
277
819120
2976
13:54
And then maybe, just maybe,
278
822120
3856
然後,也許,只是也許,
13:58
we'll all realize實現 that our big differences分歧
279
826000
3680
我們都意識到 我們的大差異
畢竟不是真的那麼大。
畢竟不是真的那麼大。
14:02
aren't really that big after all.
280
830360
2120
14:05
Thank you.
281
833400
1216
謝謝。
14:06
(Applause掌聲)
282
834640
6828
(掌聲)
Translated by Helen Chang
Reviewed by ChingTse Wu

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Arthur Brooks - Social scientist, author
As president of the American Enterprise Institute, Arthur Brooks is changing the way conservatives think about poverty and opportunity.

Why you should listen

When classical French horn player Arthur Brooks returned to the United States from Spain with no money and few academic credentials, he felt he was immigrating to his own country. Now, as president of the conservative think tank American Enterprise Institute (and an author of many columns and books, including his latest, The Conservative Heart), he's injecting a much-needed dose of compassion into contemporary conservative discourse.

A tireless advocate of free enterprise, Brooks argues that "a conservatism that fights poverty, promotes equal opportunity and extols spiritual enlightenment" is what the United States needs to restore prosperity and happiness.

More profile about the speaker
Arthur Brooks | Speaker | TED.com