ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
TED Studio

Chris Anderson: TED's secret to great public speaking

克里斯.安德森: TED 精彩演講的秘訣

Filmed:
5,536,245 views

精彩演講並沒有單一公式,但出色的演講都有同一項秘密要素。TED 總監克里斯.安德森分享這個秘訣,搭配上四套招路讓它為你所用。分享值得傳達的理念需具備的東西,你都有了嗎?
- TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Some people think that there's
a TEDTED Talk formula:
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有些人認為 TED 演講有一套公式:
00:15
"Give a talk on a round回合, red rug地毯."
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在圓形的紅地毯上頭演講、
00:17
"Share分享 a childhood童年 story故事."
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分享童年往事、
00:18
"Divulge洩露 a personal個人 secret秘密."
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透露私人的秘辛、
00:20
"End結束 with an inspiring鼓舞人心 call to action行動."
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結尾要能激發人有所行動。
00:23
No.
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並非如此。
00:24
That's not how to think of a TEDTED Talk.
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不該這樣來看待 TED 演講,
00:26
In fact事實, if you overuse過度使用 those devices設備,
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其實如果過度倚賴這些小把戲,
00:28
you're just going to come across橫過
as clich老生常談éd or emotionally感情上 manipulative操控.
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你只會給人老調重彈
或是操弄情緒的印象。
00:32
But there is one thing that all
great TEDTED Talks會談 have in common共同,
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但是所有精彩的 TED 演講
確實都有個共通點,
00:36
and I would like to share分享
that thing with you,
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我想要來分享給大家,
00:39
because over the past過去 12 years年份,
I've had a ringside馬戲團 seat座位,
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因為過去 12 年來我都坐在場邊,
00:42
listening to many許多 hundreds數以百計
of amazing驚人 TEDTED speakers音箱, like these.
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聽過上百場如同這些的精彩演講。
00:46
I've helped幫助 them prepare準備
their talks會談 for prime主要 time,
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我幫助他們準備壓軸的演講,
並且直接從他們身上學到
造就精彩演講的秘密。
00:49
and learned學到了 directly from them
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00:50
their secrets秘密 of what
makes品牌 for a great talk.
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00:53
And even though雖然 these speakers音箱
and their topics主題 all seem似乎
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雖然這些講者及其議題
看起來南轅北轍,
00:56
completely全然 different不同,
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00:57
they actually其實 do have
one key common共同 ingredient成分.
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他們其實都有著
一項重要的相同要素,
01:01
And it's this:
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也就是這個:
01:03
Your number one task任務 as a speaker揚聲器
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身為演講者的首要任務,
01:05
is to transfer轉讓 into your listeners'聽眾' minds頭腦
an extraordinary非凡 gift禮品 --
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是在聽眾的心裡
獻上一份別出心裁之禮,
01:10
a strange奇怪 and beautiful美麗 object目的
that we call an idea理念.
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一項少見且美妙的東西:
我們稱之為「理念」。
01:16
Let me show顯示 you what I mean.
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給大家看看我說的意思。
01:17
Here's這裡的 Haley海利.
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這是海莉。
01:18
She is about to give a TEDTED Talk
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她即將帶來一場 TED 演講,
01:20
and frankly坦率地說, she's terrified.
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很顯然此時她舉足無措。
01:22
(Video視頻) Presenter主持人: Haley海利 Van麵包車 Dyck戴克!
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(影片) 演講人:海莉.凡.戴克!
01:24
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
01:30
Over the course課程 of 18 minutes分鐘,
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在長達 18 分鐘的時間裡,
01:32
1,200 people, many許多 of whom
have never seen看到 each other before,
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1200 名諸多原先互不相識的觀眾,
01:36
are finding發現 that their brains大腦
are starting開始 to sync同步 with Haley'sHaley的 brain
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發現到他們的思路開始
與海莉還有彼此的腦袋同步。
01:40
and with each other.
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01:41
They're literally按照字面 beginning開始 to exhibit展示
the same相同 brain-wave腦電波 patterns模式.
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他們真的開始呈現出相同的腦波樣貌。
01:45
And I don't just mean
they're feeling感覺 the same相同 emotions情緒.
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我說的不僅是相同情緒的感受,
01:48
There's something even more
startling觸目驚心 happening事件.
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還發生了更叫人吃驚的事情。
01:50
Let's take a look inside
Haley'sHaley的 brain for a moment時刻.
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讓我們稍來一窺海莉的腦袋。
01:54
There are billions數十億 of interconnected互聯
neurons神經元 in an impossible不可能 tangle糾紛.
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幾十億個錯綜複雜的
神經元交互連結,
01:58
But look here, right here --
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但是看這邊...
02:00
a few少數 million百萬 of them
are linked關聯 to each other
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數百萬個神經元交互
連結而成一個觀念想法,
02:03
in a way which哪一個 represents代表 a single idea理念.
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02:06
And incredibly令人難以置信, this exact精確 pattern模式
is being存在 recreated重建 in real真實 time
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且神奇地這個樣態正被同步
重現於聽眾的腦海裡。
02:10
inside the minds頭腦 of everyone大家 listening.
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02:13
That's right; in just a few少數 minutes分鐘,
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沒錯!只消幾分鐘的時間,
02:15
a pattern模式 involving涉及 millions百萬 of neurons神經元
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涉及數百萬個神經元的連結排列
02:18
is being存在 teleported遠距傳物 into 1,200 minds頭腦,
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被隔空傳達到 1200 名聽眾的腦海;
02:21
just by people listening to a voice語音
and watching觀看 a face面對.
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單單透過眾人聽著聲音、看著一張臉。
02:24
But wait -- what is an idea理念 anyway無論如何?
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但是等等... 到底什麼是「理念」呢?
02:27
Well, you can think of it
as a pattern模式 of information信息
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你可以將其視為一種資訊的樣貌,
02:31
that helps幫助 you understand理解
and navigate導航 the world世界.
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能幫助你認識以及遊走這個世界。
02:34
Ideas思路 come in all shapes形狀 and sizes大小,
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理念可以有各種樣子和大小,
02:36
from the complex複雜 and analytical分析
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打從複雜、需要理性分析的,
02:38
to the simple簡單 and aesthetic審美.
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至乎簡單、關於感性之美的。
02:40
Here are just a few少數 examples例子
shared共享 from the TEDTED stage階段.
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這裡有幾個在 TED 講台上
分享理念的例子:
02:43
Sir先生 Ken Robinson羅賓遜 -- creativity創造力
is key to our kids'孩子們 future未來.
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肯.羅賓森爵士帶來
「創意是孩子們前途的關鍵!」
02:47
(Video視頻) Sir先生 Ken Robinson羅賓遜:
My contention爭奪 is that creativity創造力 now
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(影片)羅賓森爵士:我主張現今教育
創意的重要性不亞於讀寫能力,
02:50
is as important重要 in education教育 as literacy讀寫能力,
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02:53
and we should treat對待 it
with the same相同 status狀態.
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我們應當同等重視。
02:56
Chris克里斯 Anderson安德森: Elora伊勞拉 Hardy哈迪 --
building建造 from bamboo is beautiful美麗.
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安德森:依蘿拉.哈蒂帶來
「竹材建築是美觀的」。
02:59
(Video視頻) Elora伊勞拉 Hardy哈迪:
It is growing生長 all around us,
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(影片)哈蒂:它就生長於我們的周遭,
03:01
it's strong強大, it's elegant優雅,
it's earthquake-resistant抗震.
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它很堅韌、優雅,而且抗震。
03:05
CACA: ChimamandaChimamanda AdichieAdichie --
people are more than a single identity身分.
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安德森:琪瑪曼達.阿蒂奇說
世上所有人不僅有單一個身分。
03:09
(Video視頻) ChimamandaChimamanda AdichieAdichie:
The single story故事 creates創建 stereotypes定型,
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(影片)阿蒂奇:單一故事產生刻板印象,
03:12
and the problem問題 with stereotypes定型
is not that they are untrue不確實,
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刻板印象的問題並非它們不正確,
03:17
but that they are incomplete殘缺.
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而是它們有失周全。
03:19
CACA: Your mind心神 is teeming豐富的 with ideas思路,
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安德森:你的內心充滿諸多理念,
03:21
and not just randomly隨機.
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而且並非只是隨機獨立,
03:23
They're carefully小心 linked關聯 together一起.
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而是細膩地連結在一起,
03:25
Collectively they form形成
an amazingly令人驚訝 complex複雜 structure結構體
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集結起來組成出奇複雜的結構,
03:28
that is your personal個人 worldview世界觀.
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那就是你個人的世界觀,
03:30
It's your brain's大腦的 operating操作 system系統.
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是你大腦的作業系統,
03:32
It's how you navigate導航 the world世界.
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是你在這個世界找到方向的方式,
03:34
And it is built內置 up out of millions百萬
of individual個人 ideas思路.
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它是由上百萬個
不相干的理念所打造出來的。
03:38
So, for example, if one little
component零件 of your worldview世界觀
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舉例來說,你的世界觀要是有一小部份
03:42
is the idea理念 that kittens小貓 are adorable可愛的,
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覺得貓咪很可愛,
03:44
then when you see this,
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那麼當你看到這個畫面,
03:47
you'll你會 react應對 like this.
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你將會做這樣的反應。
03:48
But if another另一個 component零件 of your worldview世界觀
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但是如果你的世界觀
另一個部份認為
03:51
is the idea理念 that leopards豹子 are dangerous危險,
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獵豹很危險,
03:53
then when you see this,
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那你看到這畫面的時候,
03:54
you'll你會 react應對 a little bit differently不同.
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你的反應就會稍有不同了。
03:57
So, it's pretty漂亮 obvious明顯
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因此很明顯的,
03:59
why the ideas思路 that make up
your worldview世界觀 are crucial關鍵.
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為什麼構成你世界觀的
諸多理念舉足輕重。
04:03
You need them to be as reliable可靠
as possible可能 -- a guide指南,
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它們必須盡量靠得住,
指引我們在外頭嚇人
又美好的現實世界中找方向。
04:06
to the scary害怕 but wonderful精彩
real真實 world世界 out there.
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04:09
Now, different不同 people's人們 worldviews世界觀
can be dramatically顯著 different不同.
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每個人的世界觀可能截然不同,
04:14
For example,
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例如:
04:15
how does your worldview世界觀 react應對
when you see this image圖片:
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你的世界觀看到這畫面會作何反應?
04:19
(Video視頻) Dalia達莉亞 MogahedMogahed:
What do you think when you look at me?
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(影片) 達莉亞.摩珂赫德:
你看著我時會想到什麼?
04:22
"A woman女人 of faith信仰,"
"an expert專家," maybe even "a sister妹妹"?
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虔誠的婦女?專家?甚或是修女?
04:28
Or "oppressed壓迫," "brainwashed洗腦,"
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或是受迫害、被洗腦過的人、
04:32
"a terrorist恐怖分子"?
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恐怖分子?
04:33
CACA: Whatever隨你 your answer回答,
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安德森:不論你回答什麼,
04:35
there are millions百萬 of people out there
who would react應對 very differently不同.
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數百萬人的反應可能截然不同。
04:38
So that's why ideas思路 really matter.
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這就是為什麼理念十分重要。
04:40
If communicated傳達 properly正確,
they're capable of changing改變, forever永遠,
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若溝通宣導得宜,
它們就足以永久改變
某個人看待世界的方式,
04:44
how someone有人 thinks about the world世界,
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04:46
and shaping成型 their actions行動 both now
and well into the future未來.
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並且影響到他們現在以及將來的作為。
04:51
Ideas思路 are the most powerful強大 force
shaping成型 human人的 culture文化.
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理念是形塑人類文化最強大的力量。
04:55
So if you accept接受
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如果你相信身為演講者的首要任務
04:56
that your number one task任務
as a speaker揚聲器 is to build建立 an idea理念
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就是在聽眾的腦海裡建構理念,
04:59
inside the minds頭腦 of your audience聽眾,
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05:01
here are four guidelines方針
for how you should go about that task任務:
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那我提供大家達成這任務的四大要點:
05:04
One, limit限制 your talk
to just one major重大的 idea理念.
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第一、限制你的演講
只提一個主要的理念!
05:09
Ideas思路 are complex複雜 things;
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理念是很複雜的東西;
05:11
you need to slash削減 back your content內容
so that you can focus焦點
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你必須回去刪減演講內容,
這樣一來你就可以全神投注
在你最熱衷的單一個理念,
05:14
on the single idea理念
you're most passionate多情 about,
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05:17
and give yourself你自己 a chance機會
to explain說明 that one thing properly正確.
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給你自己機會完善地闡釋。
05:20
You have to give context上下文,
share分享 examples例子, make it vivid生動.
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你要言之有物、分享例子、
讓它活靈活現;
05:24
So pick one idea理念,
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所以挑出一個理念來,
05:25
and make it the through-line直通線
running賽跑 through通過 your entire整個 talk,
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做為連貫整場演講的主軸,
05:29
so that everything you say
links鏈接 back to it in some way.
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這麼一來你提到的每一點
都能夠回溯到該主軸。
05:33
Two, give your listeners聽眾 a reason原因 to care關心.
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第二、給聽眾一個去關心的理由。
05:37
Before you can start開始 building建造 things
inside the minds頭腦 of your audience聽眾,
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在你開始在聽眾的腦海裡
建立些東西之前,
你必須讓觀眾的腦袋
願意歡迎接納你。
05:41
you have to get their permission允許
to welcome歡迎 you in.
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05:44
And the main主要 tool工具 to achieve實現 that?
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達成此事的主要工具是什麼呢?
05:46
Curiosity好奇心.
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好奇心。
05:47
Stir攪拌 your audience's觀眾的 curiosity好奇心.
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激起聽眾的好奇心,
05:49
Use intriguing奇妙, provocative挑釁 questions問題
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運用扣人心弦、發人省思的問題,
05:52
to identify鑑定 why something
doesn't make sense and needs需求 explaining說明.
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來點明為什麼有些事情
不合理以及需要說明;
05:56
If you can reveal揭示 a disconnection斷開
in someone's誰家 worldview世界觀,
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如果你可以點出
某人世界觀裡的一處斷點,
06:00
they'll他們會 feel the need
to bridge that knowledge知識 gap間隙.
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他們將會感到
有橋接知識斷層的必要。
06:04
And once一旦 you've sparked引發 that desire慾望,
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一旦你點燃了這種慾望,
06:06
it will be so much easier更輕鬆
to start開始 building建造 your idea理念.
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要開始建構你的理念
將會更加容易得多。
06:10
Three, build建立 your idea理念, piece by piece,
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第三、按部就班建構出你的理念,
06:13
out of concepts概念 that your audience聽眾
already已經 understands理解.
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在聽眾原本就懂得的概念之上,
06:17
You use the power功率 of language語言
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運用語言的力量
06:18
to weave編織 together一起
concepts概念 that already已經 exist存在
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把早已存於聽眾內心的諸多概念
交織羅列在一塊兒,
06:21
in your listeners'聽眾' minds頭腦 --
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06:23
but not your language語言, their language語言.
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但不是用你的語彙,
而是要用他們的語彙,
06:25
You start開始 where they are.
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以觀眾的感受作為出發點,
06:27
The speakers音箱 often經常 forget忘記 that many許多
of the terms條款 and concepts概念 they live生活 with
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講者常忘記他們習以為常的
諸多術語或概念
06:30
are completely全然 unfamiliar陌生
to their audiences觀眾.
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對聽眾而言是完全不熟稔的。
06:33
Now, metaphors隱喻 can play a crucial關鍵 role角色
in showing展示 how the pieces fit適合 together一起,
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這時候,運用譬喻
在銜接內容上就極為重要了,
06:38
because they reveal揭示
the desired期望 shape形狀 of the pattern模式,
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以觀眾已理解的概念為基礎來隱喻
06:42
based基於 on an idea理念 that the listener傾聽者
already已經 understands理解.
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能更清楚展現出你想要呈現的樣貌。
06:46
For example, when Jennifer詹妮弗 Kahn卡恩
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例如當珍妮佛.卡恩
06:48
wanted to explain說明 the incredible難以置信
new biotechnology生物技術 called CRISPRCRISPR,
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想要說明前所未見的
生物科技 CRISPR 時,
06:51
she said, "It's as if, for the first time,
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她說:「這就好像第一次
06:54
you had a word processor處理器 to edit編輯 DNA脫氧核糖核酸.
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你有了文字處理器來編寫 DNA,
06:57
CRISPRCRISPR allows允許 you to cut and paste
genetic遺傳 information信息 really easily容易."
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CRISPR 讓你可以輕易地
剪下、貼上基因資料。」
07:02
Now, a vivid生動 explanation說明 like that
delivers提供 a satisfying滿意的 aha moment時刻
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這時候像這樣活靈活現的解說
產生令人滿意的茅塞頓開時刻,
07:06
as it snaps按扣 into place地點 in our minds頭腦.
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讓人一點就懂。
07:08
It's important重要, therefore因此,
to test測試 your talk on trusted信任 friends朋友,
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因此找信任的朋友排練內容,
07:12
and find out which哪一個 parts部分
they get confused困惑 by.
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並找出讓他們困惑的部份很重要。
07:15
Four, here's這裡的 the final最後 tip小費:
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最後,第四點、
07:17
Make your idea理念 worth價值 sharing分享.
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讓你的理念值得分享。
07:21
By that I mean, ask yourself你自己 the question:
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也就是問你自己:
07:23
"Who does this idea理念 benefit效益?"
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「這個理念造福到什麼人?」
07:26
And I need you to be honest誠實
with the answer回答.
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我希望你們誠實以對。
07:29
If the idea理念 only serves供應 you
or your organization組織,
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如果該理念只受用於你或你的組織,
07:32
then, I'm sorry to say,
it's probably大概 not worth價值 sharing分享.
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那麼我很抱歉,它大概不值得分享,
07:35
The audience聽眾 will see right through通過 you.
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聽眾很快就會看透你。
07:37
But if you believe that the idea理念
has the potential潛在
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但如果你相信這個理念有潛力,
07:40
to brighten變亮 up someone有人 else's別人的 day
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可以點亮他人的一天,
07:42
or change更改 someone有人 else's別人的
perspective透視 for the better
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或是改善他人的觀念,
07:45
or inspire啟發 someone有人 to do
something differently不同,
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又或者激發他人改變作法,
07:48
then you have the core核心 ingredient成分
to a truly great talk,
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然後你就有了精采演講的核心要素,
07:51
one that can be a gift禮品 to them
and to all of us.
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可以帶給觀眾以及所有人一些收穫。
Translated by Helen Chang
Reviewed by Harry Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com