ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Todd Coleman - Bioelectronics innovator
UCSD bioengineering professor Todd Coleman integratively spans the disciplines of medical electronics, machine learning and public health.

Why you should listen

Todd Coleman's research develops multi-functional, flexible bioelectronics and novel analytics methods to benefit patients and clinical decision-makers.

After a PhD in electrical engineering at MIT, Coleman did a neurosciences post-doc and became an assistant professor in electrical and computer engineering and neuroscience at University of Illinois before joining the faculty of UCSD. An avid public health advocate, Coleman understands the value of collaborating with community health programs to truly implement and deliver sustainable innovations to those who need it most.

More profile about the speaker
Todd Coleman | Speaker | TED.com
TEDMED 2015

Todd Coleman: A temporary tattoo that brings hospital care to the home

托德·科爾曼: 暫時性刺青的居家醫療照護

Filmed:
1,489,379 views

如果醫生能檢測居家病患,其準確度與病患在醫院時相同呢?生物電子學的創新者托德·科爾曼(Todd Coleman)和我們分享他研發的可佩戴、柔軟電子健康檢測貼片的故事,它革新了醫療照護並降低了醫療的侵略性。
- Bioelectronics innovator
UCSD bioengineering professor Todd Coleman integratively spans the disciplines of medical electronics, machine learning and public health. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Please meet遇到 Jane.
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這是珍 (Jane) ,
00:15
She has a high-risk高風險 pregnancy懷孕.
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她患有高危險妊娠。
00:17
Within 24 weeks,
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她現在懷孕 24 週,
00:19
she's on bed rest休息 at the hospital醫院,
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在醫院臥床休息,
00:21
being存在 monitored監控
for her preterm早產 contractions宮縮.
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接受早產性宮缩的監測。
00:25
She doesn't look the happiest最幸福.
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她看起來並不快樂,
00:26
That's in part部分 because it requires要求
technicians技師 and experts專家
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部分是因為技術員和專科醫師
00:30
to apply應用 these clunky笨重 belts皮帶 on her
to monitor監控 her uterine子宮的 contractions宮縮.
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需將笨重的腰帶戴在她身上,
以監測子宮收縮。
00:35
Another另一個 reason原因 Jane is not so happy快樂
is because she's worried擔心.
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珍不快樂的另一原因
是因為她擔心,
00:40
In particular特定, she's worried擔心
about what happens發生
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特別是擔心在醫院
臥床休息 10 天後會發生什麼事,
00:43
after her 10-day-天 stay
on bed rest休息 at the hospital醫院.
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00:47
What happens發生 when she's home?
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她回家後會發生什麼事?
00:49
If she were to give birth分娩 this early
it would be devastating破壞性的.
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假如她這麼早就分娩,
那將會很慘。
00:53
As an African-American非裔美國人 woman女人,
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她是位非裔美國女性,
00:55
she's twice兩次 as likely容易
to have a premature過早 birth分娩
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有比一般人高兩倍發生早產
或死胎(胎死腹中)的機率。
00:59
or to have a stillbirth死胎.
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01:01
So Jane basically基本上 has one of two options選項:
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所以基本上珍只能二選一:
01:04
stay at the hospital醫院 on bed rest休息,
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留在醫院臥床休息,
01:07
a prisoner囚犯 to the technology技術
until直到 she gives birth分娩,
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成為被科技囚禁的犯人,直到生產,
01:11
and then spend the rest休息
of her life paying付款 for the bill法案;
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然後終其餘生去償付賬單;
01:14
or head home after her 10-day-天 stay
and hope希望 for the best最好.
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或者住院 10 天後回家,
祈求有最好的結果。
01:20
Neither也不 of these two options選項
seems似乎 appealing吸引人的.
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這兩種選擇似乎都不是很理想。
01:24
As I began開始 to think
about stories故事 like this
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當我開始想到及聽到這些故事時,
01:26
and hear about stories故事 like this,
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01:28
I began開始 to ask myself and imagine想像:
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我自問並想像:
01:30
Is there an alternative替代?
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是否有替代的方式?
01:31
Is there a way we could have
the benefits好處 of high-fidelity高保真度 monitoring監控
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不但病人能從醫院可靠人士
得到高傳真度監測的這種優點,
01:36
that we get with our trusted信任
partners夥伴 in the hospital醫院
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01:39
while someone有人 is at home
living活的 their daily日常 life?
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同時又可在家過正常生活?
01:42
With that in mind心神,
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基於這樣的想法,
01:44
I encouraged鼓勵 people in my research研究 group
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我鼓勵我研究團隊人員
01:46
to partner夥伴 with some
clever聰明 material材料 scientists科學家們,
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去和一些聰明的材料科學家合作,
01:49
and all of us came來了 together一起
and brainstormed頭腦風暴.
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然後我們在一起腦力激盪。
01:52
And after a long process處理,
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經過一段漫長的歷程,
01:54
we came來了 up with a vision視力, an idea理念,
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我們萌生一個願景,一個想法:
01:56
of a wearable穿戴式 system系統 that perhaps也許
you could wear穿 like a piece of jewelry首飾
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就是一種可佩戴式裝置,
或許能像戴珠寶般戴著它
02:00
or you could apply應用
to yourself你自己 like a Band-Aid創可貼.
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或是像膠布可自己黏貼。
02:03
And after many許多 trials試驗 and tribulations磨難
and years年份 of endeavors努力,
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經過許多實驗與艱難
以及多年的努力,
02:07
we were able能夠 to come up
with this flexible靈活 electronic電子 patch補丁
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我們研發出這種柔軟的電子貼片,
02:11
that was manufactured製成的
using運用 the same相同 processes流程
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它是運用製造電腦晶片的方法
製作而成,
02:13
that they use to build建立 computer電腦 chips芯片,
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02:16
except the electronics電子產品 are transferred轉入
from a semiconductor半導體 wafer晶圓
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只不過此電子裝置是將半導體晶片
02:21
onto a flexible靈活 material材料
that can interface接口 with the human人的 body身體.
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換成能和身體相互作用的柔軟材質。
02:25
These systems系統 are about
the thickness厚度 of a human人的 hair頭髮.
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這裝置大約是人類頭髮的厚度。
02:30
They can measure測量 the types類型
of information信息 that we want,
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它們可以檢測我們所需的各種資訊,
02:33
things such這樣 as:
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例如:
02:35
bodily身體 movement運動,
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身體的移動、
02:36
bodily身體 temperature溫度,
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體溫、
02:38
electrical電動 rhythms節奏 of the body身體
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身體的電氣節律
02:39
and so forth向前.
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等等。
02:41
We can also engineer工程師 these systems系統,
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我們也能設計這些裝置,
02:43
so they can integrate整合 energy能源 sources來源,
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讓它們能結合能源
02:46
and can have wireless無線
transmission傳輸 capabilities功能.
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且具有無線傳輸的能力。
02:50
So as we began開始 to build建立
these types類型 of systems系統,
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當我們開始建構這種裝置時,
02:54
we began開始 to test測試 them on ourselves我們自己
in our research研究 group.
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先在自己的研究團隊裡進行測試。
02:58
But in addition加成, we began開始 to reach達到 out
to some of our clinical臨床 partners夥伴
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此外也開始延伸到
在聖地亞哥的一些臨床合作者
03:02
in San Diego迭戈,
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03:03
and test測試 these on different不同 patients耐心
in different不同 clinical臨床 conditions條件,
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並且針對各種
不同臨床狀況的病人進行測試,
03:07
including包含 moms-to-be媽媽將要 like Jane.
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包括即將為人母的人,例如珍。
03:10
Here is a picture圖片 of a pregnant woman女人
in labor勞動 at our university大學 hospital醫院
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這是在我們大學附設醫院
一位待產的孕婦的照片,
03:15
being存在 monitored監控 for her uterine子宮的
contractions宮縮 with the conventional常規 belt.
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使用傳統的腰帶
進行子宮收縮的監測。
03:20
In addition加成,
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此外,
03:22
our flexible靈活 electronic電子 patches補丁 are there.
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我們的柔軟電子貼片也貼在那裡。
03:25
This picture圖片 demonstrates演示 waveforms波形
pertaining有關 to the fetal heart rate,
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這張照片顯示胎兒心率的波形圖,
03:29
where the red corresponds對應
to what was acquired後天
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紅色波是使用傳統的腰帶記錄所得,
03:32
with the conventional常規 belts皮帶,
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03:34
and the blue藍色 corresponds對應 to our estimates估計
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而藍色波是用我們的柔軟電子裝置
和演算法估算的。
03:36
using運用 our flexible靈活 electronic電子 systems系統
and our algorithms算法.
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03:40
At this moment時刻,
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此時,
03:42
we gave ourselves我們自己 a big mental心理 high five.
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給予了我們極大的精神鼓舞。
03:45
Some of the things we had imagined想像
were beginning開始 to come to fruition享用,
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我們過去想像的事情已開始有了成果,
03:48
and we were actually其實 seeing眼看 this
in a clinical臨床 context上下文.
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我們也能在真正的臨床背景下看到進展。
03:52
But there was still a problem問題.
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但仍有一個問題,
03:53
The problem問題 was, the way
we manufactured製成的 these systems系統
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就是我們製造這些裝置的方法
03:57
was very inefficient低效,
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非常沒有效率,
03:58
had low yield產量
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產量低,
04:00
and was very error-prone容易出錯.
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且非常容易出錯。
04:02
In addition加成,
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再者,
04:03
as we talked to some
of the nurses護士 in the hospital醫院,
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當我們和醫院的護士交流時,
04:05
they encouraged鼓勵 us to make sure
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他們建議我們確保
04:07
that our electronics電子產品 worked工作
with typical典型 medical adhesives粘合劑
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我們的電子裝置能與
醫院的醫療用貼布搭配使用。
04:12
that are used in a hospital醫院.
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04:14
We had an epiphany頓悟 and said,
"Wait a minute分鐘.
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我們靈光乍現,說道:「等一下!
04:16
Rather than just making製造
them work with adhesives粘合劑,
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與其只是將它們搭配貼布使用,
04:19
let's integrate整合 them into adhesives粘合劑,
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不如將它們整合入貼布,
04:23
and that could solve解決
our manufacturing製造業 problem問題."
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那就能解決我們製造的問題了。」
04:26
This picture圖片 that you see here
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你們現在看到的照片
04:28
is our ability能力 to embed these censors檢查員
inside of a piece of Scotch蘇格蘭人 tape膠帶
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是我們已能把檢測裝置
嵌入一片 Scotch 膠布裡面,
04:32
by simply只是 peeling去皮 it off of a wafer晶圓.
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只需將膠布
從晶片上撕下來就可以了。
04:36
Ongoing不斷的 work in our research研究 group
allows允許 us to, in addition加成,
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研究團隊持續地研發,
讓我們進一步能夠
04:39
embed integrated集成 circuits電路
into the flexible靈活 adhesives粘合劑
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將集成電路嵌入柔軟的貼布裡,
04:43
to do things like amplifying放大 signals信號
and digitizing數字化 them,
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使它能做像放大訊號、數據數位化、
04:47
processing處理 them
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處理數據
04:48
and encoding編碼 for wireless無線 transmission傳輸.
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以及編碼,以便無線傳輸。
04:51
All of this integrated集成
into the same相同 medical adhesives粘合劑
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這全都整合入
醫院使用的醫療貼布中。
04:55
that are used in the hospital醫院.
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04:57
So when we reached到達 this point,
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但當研發至此,
04:59
we had some other challenges挑戰,
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我們面臨一些來自工程學
及實用領域的其他挑戰,
05:01
from both an engineering工程
as well as a usability可用性 perspective透視,
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05:05
to make sure that we could
make it used practically幾乎.
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我們需要確保它能實際運用。
05:09
In many許多 digital數字 health健康 discussions討論,
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在許多數位化健康研討中,
05:11
people believe in and embrace擁抱 the idea理念
that we can simply只是 digitize數字化 the data數據,
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人們相信並接受這樣的想法:
我們只需將數據數位化,
05:16
wirelessly無線 transmit發送 it,
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無線傳輸它,
05:18
send發送 it to the cloud,
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將它送到雲端,
05:19
and in the cloud,
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而在雲端裡,
05:21
we can extract提取 meaningful富有意義的
information信息 for interpretation解釋.
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就能取出有用的資料來進行判讀。
05:24
And indeed確實, you can do all of that,
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事實上,這些你都能做到,
05:26
if you're not worried擔心
about some of the energy能源 challenges挑戰.
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假如你不擔憂
電能耗費的挑戰的話。
05:29
Think about Jane for a moment時刻.
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考慮一下珍。
05:31
She doesn't live生活 in Palo帕洛阿爾托 Alto奧拓,
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她既不住在帕洛阿爾托,
05:33
nor也不 does she live生活 in Beverly貝弗利 Hills丘陵.
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也不住在比佛利山。
05:35
What that means手段 is,
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這意思就是
05:36
we have to be mindful銘記 about her data數據 plan計劃
and how much it would cost成本
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我們必須留意她的數據計劃,
以及她要花費多少錢
05:39
for her to be sending發出 out
a continuous連續 stream of data數據.
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才能送出連續的數據流。
05:44
There's another另一個 challenge挑戰
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另外還有一個挑戰,
05:45
that not everyone大家 in the medical
profession職業 is comfortable自在 talking about.
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這並非每位醫療專業人員
都願意談論的,
05:49
And that is, that Jane
does not have the most trust相信
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也就是說,
珍對醫療機構並不完全信任。
05:52
in the medical establishment編制.
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05:54
She, people like her, her ancestors祖先,
have not had the best最好 experiences經驗
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她、像她一樣的人、她的祖先
對醫生、醫院或保險公司
05:59
at the hands of doctors醫生 and the hospital醫院
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以往的印象並不好,
06:03
or insurance保險 companies公司.
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06:05
That means手段 that we have to be mindful銘記
of questions問題 of privacy隱私.
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這意謂我們必須注意隱私的問題。
06:08
Jane might威力 not feel that happy快樂
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珍可能不太樂意
06:10
about all that data數據
being存在 processed處理 into the cloud.
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將所有數據都傳送到雲端。
06:14
And Jane cannot不能 be fooled上當;
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而且珍會閱讀新聞,不容易被騙;
06:17
she reads the news新聞.
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06:18
She knows知道 that if the federal聯邦
government政府 can be hacked砍死,
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她知道如果聯邦政府能被駭客入侵,
06:21
if the Fortune幸運 500 can be hacked砍死,
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財富美國 500 強公司能被駭客入侵,
06:24
so can her doctor醫生.
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那她的醫生也有可能。
06:27
And so with that in mind心神,
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考慮到這一點,
06:28
we had an epiphany頓悟.
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我們又靈光乍現:
06:30
We cannot不能 outsmart智取
all the hackers黑客 in the world世界,
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既然無法比世上所有的駭客更聰明,
06:33
but perhaps也許 we can present當下
them a smaller target目標.
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或許我們就做個
他們興趣缺缺的小目標。
06:36
What if we could actually其實,
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假如我們真的能夠
06:39
rather than have those algorithms算法
that do data數據 interpretation解釋
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不是在雲端進行數據判讀的演算,
06:43
run in the cloud,
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06:44
what if we have those algorithms算法 run
on those small integrated集成 circuits電路
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而是在那些嵌入貼布的
小型集成電路執行呢?
06:48
embedded嵌入式 into those adhesives粘合劑?
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06:50
And so when we integrate整合
these things together一起,
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所以當我們將這些都整合在一起,
06:54
what this means手段 is that now
we can think about the future未來
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現在你就能夠想像,在未來,
06:57
where someone有人 like Jane can still
go about living活的 her normal正常 daily日常 life,
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像珍一樣的病人
仍能繼續過著日常的生活,
07:01
she can be monitored監控,
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同時又能被監測,
07:03
it can be doneDONE in a way where
she doesn't have to get another另一個 job工作
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她可以不需要找第二份工作
來支付她的數據計劃,
07:06
to pay工資 her data數據 plan計劃,
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07:08
and we can also address地址
some of her concerns關注 about privacy隱私.
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而且我們也能解決
她所憂慮的隱私問題。
07:12
So at this point,
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所以此時此刻,
07:14
we're feeling感覺 very good about ourselves我們自己.
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我們對自己感覺很滿意。
07:16
We've我們已經 accomplished完成 this,
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我們已經完成這件事,
07:17
we've我們已經 begun開始 to address地址 some
of these questions問題 about privacy隱私
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也已開始解決一些
有關隱私的問題,
07:20
and we feel like, pretty漂亮 much
the chapter章節 is closed關閉 now.
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我們覺得差不多大工告成了。
07:24
Everyone大家 lived生活 happily高高興興 ever after, right?
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從此大家都過得幸福快樂,對吧?
07:28
Well, not so fast快速.
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沒那麼快!
07:30
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
07:31
One of the things we have to remember記得,
as I mentioned提到 earlier,
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稍早我曾提到有件事必須記住,
07:34
is that Jane does not have the most trust相信
in the medical establishment編制.
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就是珍對醫療機構並不完全信賴。
07:38
We have to remember記得
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我們必須記住,
07:39
that there are increasing增加
and widening加寬 health健康 disparities差距,
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醫療公平性差距不斷地增加與擴大,
07:42
and there's inequity不公平 in terms條款
of proper正確 care關心 management管理.
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在適當的照護處置方面仍不公平。
07:46
And so what that means手段
is that this simple簡單 picture圖片
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也就是說,這張
珍和她的數據的簡單圖片
07:49
of Jane and her data數據 --
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07:50
even with her being存在 comfortable自在
being存在 wirelessly無線 transmitted發送 to the cloud,
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── 即使她願意將傳輸數據至雲端,
07:54
letting出租 a doctor醫生 intervene干預 if necessary必要 --
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必要時讓醫師介入參與 ──
07:57
is not the whole整個 story故事.
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那並不代表全部。
07:59
So what we're beginning開始 to do
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所以我們現在開始在做的是
08:00
is to think about ways方法 to have
trusted信任 parties派對 serve服務 as intermediaries中介
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想出一些方式,
讓可信賴的團體
08:05
between之間 people like Jane
and her health健康 care關心 providers供應商.
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成為像珍這樣的病患
與健康照護者間的中間人。
08:08
For example, we've我們已經 begun開始
to partner夥伴 with churches教堂
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例如,我們已開始與教會合作,
08:11
and to think about nurses護士
that are church教會 members會員,
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並考慮來自可靠社群的
教會護理人員
08:14
that come from that trusted信任 community社區,
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08:16
as patient患者 advocates倡導者 and health健康 coaches教練
to people like Jane.
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來擔任像珍一樣病患的代言人
和健康指導員。
08:21
Another另一個 thing we have going for us
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另一項對我們有利的
08:23
is that insurance保險 companies公司, increasingly日益,
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是保險公司逐漸對這種構想感興趣。
08:25
are attracted吸引 to some of these ideas思路.
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08:27
They're increasingly日益 realizing實現
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他們漸漸了解,
08:29
that perhaps也許 it's better
to pay工資 one dollar美元 now
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或許最好現在花一點錢
08:32
for a wearable穿戴式 device設備 and a health健康 coach教練,
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在可佩戴裝置和健康指導員身上,
08:35
rather than paying付款 10 dollars美元 later後來,
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而不是事後花更多的錢補貼
08:38
when that baby寶寶 is born天生 prematurely過早
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早產且之後還要住進
新生兒加護病房的嬰兒,
08:40
and ends結束 up in the neonatal新生兒
intensive集約 care關心 unit單元 --
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08:43
one of the most expensive昂貴
parts部分 of a hospital醫院.
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── 那是醫院花費最昂貴的部門之一。
08:47
This has been a long
learning學習 process處理 for us.
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我們經歷了一段漫長的學習過程。
08:50
This iterative迭代 process處理 of breaking破壞
through通過 and attacking進攻 one problem問題
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這種突破、奮力解決問題
08:54
and not feeling感覺 totally完全 comfortable自在,
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以及不完全自信
08:56
and identifying識別 the next下一個 problem問題,
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和找出下一個問題的反覆過程,
08:58
has helped幫助 us go along沿 this path路徑
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幫助了我們
09:00
of actually其實 trying to not only
innovate創新 with this technology技術
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不只是真正嘗試用科技來創新,
09:03
but make sure it can be used for people
who perhaps也許 need it the most.
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並且確保它能使用在
可能最需要的人身上。
09:07
Another另一個 learning學習 lesson
we've我們已經 taken採取 from this process處理
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從這過程中,
我們學到讓自己很謙卑的另一課,
09:10
that is very humbling震撼人心,
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09:11
is that as technology技術 progresses進展
and advances進步 at an accelerating加速 rate,
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就是當科技在發展
並以加速度在進步,
09:16
we have to remember記得 that human人的 beings眾生
are using運用 this technology技術,
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我們必須銘記,
使用這些科技的是人類,
09:20
and we have to be mindful銘記
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我們必須銘記,
09:21
that these human人的 beings眾生 --
they have a face面對,
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這些人 ── 他們有血有肉、
09:25
they have a name名稱
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他們有自己的名字
09:26
and a life.
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和自己的生活。
09:27
And in the case案件 of Jane,
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至於珍, 順利的話,
09:29
hopefully希望, two.
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希望會有兩個。
謝謝大家。
09:32
Thank you.
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09:33
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Yun An Chen
Reviewed by Yi-Fan Yu

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Todd Coleman - Bioelectronics innovator
UCSD bioengineering professor Todd Coleman integratively spans the disciplines of medical electronics, machine learning and public health.

Why you should listen

Todd Coleman's research develops multi-functional, flexible bioelectronics and novel analytics methods to benefit patients and clinical decision-makers.

After a PhD in electrical engineering at MIT, Coleman did a neurosciences post-doc and became an assistant professor in electrical and computer engineering and neuroscience at University of Illinois before joining the faculty of UCSD. An avid public health advocate, Coleman understands the value of collaborating with community health programs to truly implement and deliver sustainable innovations to those who need it most.

More profile about the speaker
Todd Coleman | Speaker | TED.com