ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Kimberlé Crenshaw - Civil rights advocate
As a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice.

Why you should listen

Kimberlé Crenshaw, professor of law at UCLA and Columbia Law School, is a leading authority in the area of cvil rights, Black feminist legal theory, and race, racism and the law. Her work has been foundational in two fields of study that have come to be known by terms that she coined: critical race theory and intersectionality.

Crenshaw’s articles have appeared in the Harvard Law Review, National Black Law Journal, Stanford Law Review and Southern California Law Review. She is the founding coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Workshop, and the co-editor of the volume, Critical Race Theory: Key Documents That Shaped the Movement. She has lectured widely on race matters, addressing audiences across the country as well as in Europe, India, Africa and South America. A specialist on race and gender equality, she has facilitated workshops for human rights activists in Brazil and in India, and for constitutional court judges in South Africa. Her groundbreaking work on intersectionality has traveled globally and was influential in the drafting of the equality clause in the South African Constitution.

Crenshaw authored the background paper on race and gender discrimination for the United Nation's World Conference on Racism, served as the rapporteur for the conference's expert group on gender and race discrimination, and coordinated NGO efforts to ensure the inclusion of gender in the WCAR Conference Declaration. She is a leading voice in calling for a gender-inclusive approach to racial justice interventions, having spearheaded the "Why We Can't Wait" campaign and co-authored Black Girls Matter: Pushed Out, Overpoliced and Underprotected, and Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality Against Black Women.

Crenshaw has worked extensively on a variety of issues pertaining to gender and race in the domestic arena including violence against women, structural racial inequality and affirmative action. She has served as a member of the National Science Foundation's committee to research violence against women and has consulted with leading foundations, social justice organizations and corporations to advance their race and gender equity initiatives.

In 1996, she co-founded the African American Policy Forum to house a variety of projects designed to deliver research-based strategies to better advance social inclusion. Among the Forum's projects are the Affirmative Action Research and Policy Consortium and the Multiracial Literacy and Leadership Initiative. In partnership with the Aspen Roundtable for Community Change, Crenshaw facilitated workshops on racial equity for hundreds of community leaders and organizations throughout the country. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation, Crenshaw facilitates the Bellagio Project, an international network of scholars working in the field of social inclusion from five continents. She formerly served as Committee Chair for the U.S.-Brazil Joint Action Plan to Promote Racial and Ethnic Equality, an initiative of the U.S. State Department.

Crenshaw has received the Fulbright Distinguished Chair for Latin America, the Alphonse Fletcher Fellowship and was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University in 2009 and a Visiting Fellow at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy in 2010. Currently, Crenshaw is director of the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies  at Columbia Law School, which she founded in 2011, as well as the Centennial Professor at the LSE Gender Institute 2015-2018. Crenshaw received her J.D. from Harvard, L.L.M. from University of Wisconsin and B.A. from Cornell University.

More profile about the speaker
Kimberlé Crenshaw | Speaker | TED.com
Abby Dobson - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change.

Why you should listen

Abby Dobson is the 2016 artist-in-residence with the African American Policy Forum (AAPF). A sonic conceptualist artist, Dobson's sound is the alchemy of R&B/Soul, jazz, classic pop, gospel and folk, forging a gem that erases musical boundaries. Dobson has performed at venues such as S.O.B's, Kennedy Center Millennium Stage, Apollo Theater, Blue Note Jazz Club, Queens Museum and "The Tonight Show." Her debut album, Sleeping Beauty: You Are the One You Have Been Waiting On, was released in 2010 to glowing reviews. Featured on Talib Kweli’s album Gravitas on State of Grace, Dobson was also nominated for a 2014 BET Hip Hop Award for Best Impact Song.

Dobson received a Juris Doctorate degree from Georgetown University Law Center and a Bachelor's degree from Williams College in Political Science and History. Her interests have been deeply impacted by intersectionality discourse and critical race theory. An artist and independent scholar, Dobson's interests focus on the intersection of race and gender in the imagination, creation and consumption of music. A sampling of recent presentations include: International James Baldwin Conference at American University of Paris (2016), Association for the Study of African American History and Life Conference (2013-2015); Anna Julia Cooper Project at Tulane University (2013); and National Women's Studies Association (NWSA) Conference (2013).

Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. She creates music to privilege black female voices and highlight the human condition. Inspired by AAPF’s social justice work, Dobson composed and performs "Say Her Name" in tribute to the black women lost to state and non-state violence.

Dobson also volunteers with the National Organization for Women, NYC Chapter's Activist Alliance serving as a member of its Intersectionality Committee. She is currently wrapping up recording for Sister Outsider, the follow-up to her debut album, slated for release in 2017.

More profile about the speaker
Abby Dobson | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2016

Kimberlé Crenshaw: The urgency of intersectionality

肯布羅.冉莎: 明了交叉性,我們迫在眉睫

Filmed:
1,680,633 views

如今,去大膽的看待種族歧視和性別歧視比任何時候都要重要——兩者相結合能帶來更大的傷害。肯布羅.冉莎用“交叉性”來描述這一現象;她說。如果你站在一條具有多重排斥形式的路上,你可能會受到各種傷害。在這場動人的講話中,她號召我們共同見證這一現實,并為受到偏見傷害的受害者辯駁。
- Civil rights advocate
As a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice. Full bio - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I'd like to try something new.
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我想嘗試一個新東西,
00:15
Those of you who are able能夠,
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諸位如果可以的話,
00:16
please stand up.
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請站起來。
00:20
OK, so I'm going to name名稱 some names.
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好的,現在我將提到一些名字,
00:24
When you hear a name名稱
that you don't recognize認識,
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如果你聽到一個你完全不知道的名字,
00:26
you can't tell me anything about them,
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你對這個人一無所知,
00:28
I'd like you to take a seat座位
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請坐下
并一直坐著。
00:30
and stay seated坐在.
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00:32
The last person standing常設,
we're going to see what they know. OK?
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最後一位站著的人,
我們將看看他究竟都知道什麼,好麼?
00:35
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
00:37
All right.
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好,
00:39
Eric埃里克 Garner穀倉.
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艾瑞克.伽內。
00:42
Mike麥克風 Brown棕色.
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麥克-布朗。
00:47
Tamir塔米爾 Rice白飯.
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特米蘭-然瑟。
00:51
Freddie房地美 Gray灰色.
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佛萊迪-雷革。
00:56
So those of you who are still standing常設,
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還站著的人們,
00:58
I'd like you to turn around
and take a look.
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我想請你們環顧一下四周,
01:00
I'd say half to most of the people
are still standing常設.
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我看還有超過半數的人還站著,
01:04
So let's continue繼續.
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那讓我們繼續。
01:07
Michelle米歇爾 CusseauxCusseaux.
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米歇爾-庫蘭瑟。
01:15
TanishaTanisha Anderson安德森.
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特妮莎-安德森。
01:22
Aura靈氣 Rosser羅瑟.
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奧拉-羅瑟。
01:27
Meagan梅根 Hockaday霍卡迪.
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梅根-哈克蒂。
01:30
So if we look around again,
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我們再來看看,
01:32
there are about four people
still standing常設,
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還有四位站著,
01:35
and actually其實 I'm not going
to put you on the spot.
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但我不會給你們難堪。
01:38
I just say that to encourage鼓勵 transparency透明度,
so you can be seated坐在.
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我只是想使這件事清晰可辨,
現在你們可以坐下了。
01:41
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑声)
01:44
So those of you who recognized認可
the first group of names know
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所以認出了第一組名字的你們
一定注意到了
01:47
that these were African-Americans非洲裔美國人
who have been killed殺害 by the police警察
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這些人就是在過去的兩年內,
被警察殺死的非裔美國人。
01:51
over the last two and a half years年份.
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01:55
What you may可能 not know
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然而你們可能不知道的是,
01:56
is that the other list名單
is also African-Americans非洲裔美國人
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另一組名字也都是非裔美國人
02:01
who have been killed殺害
within the last two years年份.
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同樣在過去的兩年內被殺害。
02:07
Only one thing distinguishes區分
the names that you know
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你知道的名字和你不知道的名字
唯一的差別是:
02:11
from the names that you don't know:
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02:14
gender性別.
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性別。
02:16
So let me first let you know
that there's nothing at all distinct不同
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我想首先說明,
在場的觀眾,
並沒有任何個體特征,
02:22
about this audience聽眾
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以至於可用來解釋
我們剛剛所看到的認知偏差,
02:24
that explains說明 the pattern模式 of recognition承認
that we've我們已經 just seen看到.
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02:28
I've doneDONE this exercise行使
dozens許多 of times around the country國家.
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我在全國境內
做這樣的小調查已有十多次了,
02:32
I've doneDONE it to women's女士的
rights權利 organizations組織.
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我在女權組織里做過,
02:35
I've doneDONE it with civil國內 rights權利 groups.
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我在民權團體里做過,
02:37
I've doneDONE it with professors教授.
I've doneDONE it with students學生們.
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我給教授們做過,學生們做過。
02:40
I've doneDONE it with psychologists心理學家.
I've doneDONE it with sociologists社會學家.
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我給心理學家和社會學家做過。
02:44
I've doneDONE it even with
progressive進步 members會員 of Congress國會.
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我甚至也給國會革新派做過。
02:48
And everywhere到處, the awareness意識
of the level水平 of police警察 violence暴力
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無論在哪裡,
人們對於警察
施加在黑女女性身上的暴力
02:52
that black黑色 women婦女 experience經驗
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02:54
is exceedingly非常 low.
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都鮮有所知。
02:57
Now, it is surprising奇怪, isn't it,
that this would be the case案件.
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這讓人驚奇,不是麼?
這樣的情形。
03:01
I mean, there are two issues問題
involved參與 here.
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這牽扯到兩個問題。
03:03
There's police警察 violence暴力
against反對 African-Americans非洲裔美國人,
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警察對於非裔美國人的暴力,
03:06
and there's violence暴力 against反對 women婦女,
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和警察對女性的暴力,
03:08
two issues問題 that have been
talked about a lot lately最近.
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這是最近非常熱門的話題。
03:12
But when we think about
who is implicated牽連 by these problems問題,
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但當我們思考,
誰被這些問題所牽涉,
03:18
when we think about
who is victimized受害 by these problems問題,
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誰是這些問題的受害者時,
03:21
the names of these black黑色 women婦女
never come to mind心神.
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沒有人記起這些非裔女性的名字。
03:25
Now, communications通訊 experts專家 tell us
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溝通專家告訴我們,
03:28
that when facts事實 do not fit適合
with the available可得到 frames,
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當事實與既定的認知框架不符時,
03:32
people have a difficult time
incorporating結合 new facts事實
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人們很難將新的知識
融入他們對於問題的思考模式當中。
03:36
into their way of thinking思維
about a problem問題.
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03:41
These women's女士的 names
have slipped下滑 through通過 our consciousness意識
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這些女性的名字
從我們的意識中黯然溜走
03:44
because there are no frames
for us to see them,
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是因為我們沒有這個認知框架,
03:47
no frames for us to remember記得 them,
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我們缺少一個記憶點,
03:50
no frames for us to hold保持 them.
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一個將她們融入我們認識框架的切入點。
03:53
As a consequence後果,
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結果就是,
03:55
reporters記者 don't lead with them,
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記者不會重點強調她們,
03:58
policymakers政策制定者 don't think about them,
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政策制定者不會去考慮她們,
04:01
and politicians政治家 aren't encouraged鼓勵
or demanded要求 that they speak說話 to them.
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沒有政客被強制要求或被鼓勵
去和她們溝通。
04:07
Now, you might威力 ask,
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現在,你可能會問,
04:09
why does a frame matter?
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為什麼一個認知框架如此重要?
04:11
I mean, after all,
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我想說,歸根結底,
04:12
an issue問題 that affects影響 black黑色 people
and an issue問題 that affects影響 women婦女,
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一個同時涉及黑人及女性的話題,
04:18
wouldn't不會 that necessarily一定 include包括
black黑色 people who are women婦女
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難道不是必然會牽扯到黑人中的女性
04:22
and women婦女 who are black黑色 people?
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和女性中的黑人麼?
04:25
Well, the simple簡單 answer回答 is that this is
a trickle-down涓滴 approach途徑 to social社會 justice正義,
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簡單答案是,可以靠滲漏效應來達到社會公正
(強勢群體帶動弱勢群體,譯者注)
04:30
and many許多 times it just doesn't work.
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但大多數時候這都行不通。
04:34
Without沒有 frames that allow允許 us to see
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當缺乏一個認知框架使我們看到
04:36
how social社會 problems問題 impact碰撞
all the members會員 of a targeted針對 group,
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社會問題如何影響某特定群體全體時,
04:41
many許多 will fall秋季 through通過 the cracks裂縫
of our movements運動,
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在人們嘗試得到權益平等的運動中,
許多人會失敗,
04:44
left to suffer遭受 in virtual虛擬 isolation隔離.
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黑人女性孤立無援。
04:49
But it doesn't have to be this way.
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但事情本不至於此。
04:54
Many許多 years年份 ago, I began開始 to use
the term術語 "intersectionality交叉性"
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許多年前,我開始用「交叉性」這個名詞
04:59
to deal合同 with the fact事實
that many許多 of our social社會 justice正義 problems問題
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來指代這樣的問題:
有關社會正義的問題
05:03
like racism種族主義 and sexism性別歧視
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如種族和性別歧視的問題
05:05
are often經常 overlapping重疊,
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其內在往往是交叉重疊的。
05:08
creating創建 multiple levels水平
of social社會 injustice不公正.
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並且產生了多重的不公現象。
05:13
Now, the experience經驗
that gave rise上升 to intersectionality交叉性
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提出【交叉性】的緣由,
05:18
was my chance機會 encounter遭遇
with a woman女人 named命名 Emma艾瑪 DeGraffenreidDeGraffenreid.
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是我正好遇到了
一位叫艾瑪.蒂格拉福瑞的女人。
05:24
Emma艾瑪 DeGraffenreidDeGraffenreid
was an African-American非裔美國人 woman女人,
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艾瑪.蒂格拉福瑞是一位非裔美国女性,
05:28
a working加工 wife妻子 and a mother母親.
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她是一位有工作的妻子兼母親
05:30
I actually其實 read about Emma's艾瑪的 story故事
from the pages網頁 of a legal法律 opinion意見
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事實上,
我實在法律意見書上讀到她的名字的,
05:36
written書面 by a judge法官
who had dismissed駁回 Emma's艾瑪的 claim要求
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那是由一位駁回了艾瑪
05:40
of race種族 and gender性別 discrimination區別
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對於種族和性別歧視的訴訟的法官所寫的。
05:42
against反對 a local本地 car汽車 manufacturing製造業 plant.
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這樁訴訟的被告是一個汽車製造廠。
05:47
Emma艾瑪, like so many許多 African-American非裔美國人 women婦女,
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艾瑪,就如同許多非裔的美國婦女一樣,
05:51
sought追捧 better employment僱用
for her family家庭 and for others其他.
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嘗試為她的家人和其他人
尋求更好的就業機會。
05:55
She wanted to create創建 a better life
for her children孩子 and for her family家庭.
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她希望為她的孩子和家庭
創造一個更好的生活。
05:59
But she applied應用的 for a job工作,
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但是她應徵了一個工作,
06:01
and she was not hired僱用,
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卻沒有被雇用。
06:03
and she believed相信 that she was not hired僱用
because she was a black黑色 woman女人.
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她相信她沒有被雇用的原因是
因為她是一位黑人婦女。
06:07
Now, the judge法官 in question
dismissed駁回 Emma's艾瑪的 suit適合,
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這位法官駁回了艾瑪的訴訟,
06:12
and the argument論據
for dismissing解聘 the suit適合 was
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而他駁回這個訴訟的理由是
06:15
that the employer雇主
did hire聘請 African-Americans非洲裔美國人
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那個雇主有雇用非裔美國人,
06:19
and the employer雇主 hired僱用 women婦女.
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也有雇用婦女。
06:23
The real真實 problem問題, though雖然, that the judge法官
was not willing願意 to acknowledge確認
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雖然這位法官不願意承認,但問題的實質
06:27
was what Emma艾瑪 was actually其實 trying to say,
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正是艾瑪實際上所要說的事:
06:30
that the African-Americans非洲裔美國人
that were hired僱用,
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那些僱用非裔美國人的職位,
06:33
usually平時 for industrial產業 jobs工作,
maintenance保養 jobs工作, were all men男人.
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通常是工業性、維修的工作,所僱用的都是男性。
06:39
And the women婦女 that were hired僱用,
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而雇用了女性的職位,
06:41
usually平時 for secretarial秘書的
or front-office前台辦公 work,
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通常是秘書性或服務台的工作,
06:44
were all white白色.
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所僱用的都是白人女性。
06:46
Only if the court法庭 was able能夠 to see
how these policies政策 came來了 together一起
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只有當那位法官
將這兩個問題放在一起看時,
06:51
would he be able能夠 to see
the double discrimination區別
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他才能夠看到艾瑪所面對的
06:55
that Emma艾瑪 DeGraffenreidDeGraffenreid was facing面對.
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雙重歧視。
06:58
But the court法庭 refused拒絕 to allow允許 Emma艾瑪
to put two causes原因 of action行動 together一起
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但是那位法官拒絕讓艾瑪
將這兩件事的前因後果放在一起
07:04
to tell her story故事
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來敘述她的故事。
07:05
because he believed相信 that,
by allowing允許 her to do that,
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因為他相信,
如果他讓她如此做,
07:09
she would be able能夠
to have preferential優惠 treatment治療.
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她會得到優惠待遇。
07:13
She would have an advantage優點
by having two swings波動 at the bat蝙蝠,
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她會有雙重的優勢,
07:19
when African-American非裔美國人 men男人 and white白色 women婦女
only had one swing搖擺 at the bat蝙蝠.
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而非裔男性和白人婦女
只有一層優勢。
07:24
But of course課程, neither也不
African-American非裔美國人 men男人 or white白色 women婦女
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但是,當然,無論是
非裔男性及白人婦女
07:29
needed需要 to combine結合 a race種族
and gender性別 discrimination區別 claim要求
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都無需將種族和性別歧視結合在一起
07:34
to tell the story故事 of the discrimination區別
they were experiencing經歷.
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來向大家講述他們所經歷的歧視。
07:39
Why wasn't the real真實 unfairness不平
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為什麼這不被當成是歧視
07:42
law's法律的 refusal拒絕 to protect保護
African-American非裔美國人 women婦女
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當法律拒絕保護非裔女性這一群體
07:46
simply只是 because their experiences經驗
weren't exactly究竟 the same相同
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只是因為她們受歧視的經歷
與非裔男性或白人女性並非一模一樣
07:50
as white白色 women婦女 and African-American非裔美國人 men男人?
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難道這不是真正的不公?
07:55
Rather than broadening擴大 the frame
to include包括 African-American非裔美國人 women婦女,
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他們採取的不是拓寬認知框架
來把非裔美國婦女囊括進去,
08:00
the court法庭 simply只是 tossed their case案件
completely全然 out of court法庭.
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而是將她們的案子
完全拒于法庭門外。
08:06
Now, as a student學生
of antidiscrimination反歧視 law,
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現在,作為一名學習反歧視法律的學生,
08:10
as a feminist女權主義者,
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作為一位女性主義者,
08:11
as an antiracist反種族主義,
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作為一位反種族歧視者,
08:13
I was struck來襲 by this case案件.
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我被這個案子大大撼動。
08:17
It felt to me like injustice不公正 squared平方.
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我感覺這就像是成倍的不公正。
08:21
So first of all,
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首先,
08:24
black黑色 women婦女 weren't allowed允許
to work at the plant.
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黑人婦女不被允許在工廠工作。
08:27
Second第二 of all, the court法庭
doubled翻倍 down on this exclusion排除
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第二,法院通過大大降低其在法律中的重要性
08:31
by making製造 it legally法律上 inconsequential無關緊要.
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加強了這種排擠。
08:35
And to boot, there was
no name名稱 for this problem問題.
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除此之外,
這個問題並沒有一個屬於自己的名字。
08:39
And we all know that,
where there's no name名稱 for a problem問題,
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我們都知道,
當一個問題沒有名字時,
08:43
you can't see a problem問題,
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你就看不到問題,
08:44
and when you can't see a problem問題,
you pretty漂亮 much can't solve解決 it.
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然後當你看不到有問題時,
你當然就無法解決那個問題。
08:50
Many許多 years年份 later後來, I had come to recognize認識
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許多年後,我漸漸認識到
08:52
that the problem問題 that Emma艾瑪 was facing面對
was a framing取景 problem問題.
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艾瑪所面對的問題是一個認知框架的問題。
08:59
The frame that the court法庭 was using運用
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法院採用看待性別歧視
09:01
to see gender性別 discrimination區別
or to see race種族 discrimination區別
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或者種族歧視的框架來看待這個問題,
09:06
was partial局部, and it was distorting扭曲.
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是片面的,是扭曲的。
09:10
For me, the challenge挑戰 that I faced面對 was
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對我而言,我所面對的挑戰是
09:12
trying to figure數字 out whether是否
there was an alternative替代 narrative敘述,
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我能否試著找出一個
能指代這一問題的敘述,
09:17
a prism棱鏡 that would allow允許 us
to see Emma's艾瑪的 dilemma困境,
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一個可以讓我們看到艾瑪的困境的視角,
09:22
a prism棱鏡 that would allow允許 us
to rescue拯救 her from the cracks裂縫 in the law,
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一個可以讓我們得以將她
從法律漏洞里拯救出來的視角,
09:28
that would allow允許 judges法官 to see her story故事.
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以期使法官們看到她的故事。
09:33
So it occurred發生 to me,
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我突然想到,
09:34
maybe a simple簡單 analogy比喻 to an intersection路口
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或許一個簡單的交叉點的類比
09:39
might威力 allow允許 judges法官
to better see Emma's艾瑪的 dilemma困境.
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或許可以讓法官們
更好的意識到艾瑪的困境。
09:44
So if we think about this intersection路口,
the roads道路 to the intersection路口 would be
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所以如果我們仔細想想這個交叉點,
那麼匯集與這個交叉點的路就是
09:49
the way that the workforce勞動力
was structured結構化的 by race種族 and by gender性別.
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由各個種族和性別所組成的勞動力構成的。
09:56
And then the traffic交通 in those roads道路
would be the hiring招聘 policies政策
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路上的交通工具就是僱傭政策
10:00
and the other practices做法
that ran through通過 those roads道路.
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以及穿行在這些道路上的其他嘗試。
10:05
Now, because Emma艾瑪
was both black黑色 and female,
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現在,因為艾瑪既是黑人又是女性,
10:10
she was positioned定位的 precisely恰恰
where those roads道路 overlapped重疊,
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她的位置正好在 位於兩條路的交叉點,
10:15
experiencing經歷 the simultaneous同時 impact碰撞
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因此同時遭受到
10:20
of the company's公司 gender性別 and race種族 traffic交通.
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公司的性別和種族的碰撞。
10:25
The law -- the law is
like that ambulance救護車 that shows節目 up
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法律 -法律就像是
來到現場的救護車
10:31
and is ready準備 to treat對待 Emma艾瑪
only if it can be shown顯示
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它準備好治療艾瑪
但只有當(法官)查證確認
10:34
that she was harmed傷害
on the race種族 road or on the gender性別 road
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她是在種族歧視或性別歧視的路上受傷,
10:39
but not where those roads道路 intersected相交.
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而不是在兩條路的交叉處時。
(艾瑪才能得到治療)
10:43
So what do you call
being存在 impacted影響 by multiple forces軍隊
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如果你被多重力量傷害,
10:49
and then abandoned to fend擋開 for yourself你自己?
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然後被迫放棄保護自己,
這個情形你會稱之為什麼?
10:53
Intersectionality交叉性 seemed似乎 to do it for me.
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我認為「交叉性」還不錯。
10:58
I would go on to learn學習
that African-American非裔美國人 women婦女,
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我接著得知非裔婦女,
11:02
like other women婦女 of color顏色,
172
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1936
像其他有色婦女,
11:04
like other socially社交上 marginalized邊緣化 people
all over the world世界,
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像世界各地的其他
社會邊緣的人,
11:08
were facing面對 all kinds
of dilemmas困境 and challenges挑戰
174
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3976
身為交叉性的結果,
11:12
as a consequence後果 of intersectionality交叉性,
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都面對種種困境和挑戰,
11:15
intersections十字路口 of race種族 and gender性別,
176
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3576
種族和性別的交叉歧視,
11:19
of heterosexism異性戀, transphobia跨性別恐懼症,
xenophobia排外主義, ableismableism,
177
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5216
異性戀,變性者,
仇外心理,能力主義的交叉歧視,
11:24
all of these social社會 dynamics動力學 come together一起
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所有這些社會歧視聚集在一起
11:29
and create創建 challenges挑戰
that are sometimes有時 quite相當 unique獨特.
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創造出有時是相當罕見的挑戰。
11:35
But in the same相同 way
180
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但是以同樣方式
11:36
that intersectionality交叉性
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交叉性
11:39
raised上調 our awareness意識 to the way
that black黑色 women婦女 live生活 their lives生活,
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提高了我們對於黑人婦女生活的认识,
11:45
it also exposes自曝 the tragic悲慘 circumstances情況
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它也暴露了
非裔美國女性死亡的悲劇情況。
11:49
under which哪一個 African-American非裔美國人 women婦女 die.
184
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11:54
Police警察 violence暴力 against反對 black黑色 women婦女
185
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警察對黑人婦女的暴力
11:58
is very real真實.
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是很真實的。
12:00
The level水平 of violence暴力
that black黑色 women婦女 face面對
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黑人婦女所面對的暴力的程度
12:02
is such這樣 that it's not surprising奇怪
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使得她們其中一些人
在遇到警察時沒有活下來
12:05
that some of them do not survive生存
their encounters遭遇 with police警察.
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並不讓我們驚訝。
12:11
Black黑色 girls女孩 as young年輕 as seven,
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從只有七歲的黑人女孩,
12:14
great grandmothers祖母 as old as 95
191
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3720
到95歲的曾祖母,
12:19
have been killed殺害 by the police警察.
192
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被警察殺死。
12:21
They've他們已經 been killed殺害 in their living活的 rooms客房,
193
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他們有的在他們的家裡客廳被殺,
12:24
in their bedrooms臥室.
194
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1240
或在臥室裡被殺。
12:26
They've他們已經 been killed殺害 in their cars汽車.
195
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1920
他們在車子裡被殺。
12:29
They've他們已經 been killed殺害 on the street.
196
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1936
他們在街上被殺。
12:31
They've他們已經 been killed殺害
in front面前 of their parents父母
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2856
他們在他們的父母面前被殺
12:34
and they've他們已經 been killed殺害
in front面前 of their children孩子.
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2800
他們在他們的孩子面前被殺。
12:38
They have been shot射擊 to death死亡.
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他們有的被槍殺致死。
12:41
They have been stomped跺著腳 to death死亡.
200
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1880
他們被踩死。
12:43
They have been suffocated窒息 to death死亡.
201
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他們被窒息死亡。
12:46
They have been manhandled動粗 to death死亡.
202
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他們被人處死。
12:49
They have been taseredtasered to death死亡.
203
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他們被電擊死亡。
12:53
They've他們已經 been killed殺害
when they've他們已經 called for help.
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他們在呼救時被殺死。
12:57
They've他們已經 been killed殺害 when they were alone單獨,
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他們獨處時被殺。
13:00
and they've他們已經 been killed殺害
when they were with others其他.
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他們與其他人在一起時被殺。
13:04
They've他們已經 been killed殺害 shopping購物 while black黑色,
207
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他們因為是 黑人 而在購物時被殺,
13:08
driving主動 while black黑色,
208
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因為是 黑人 而在開車時被殺,
13:11
having a mental心理 disability失能 while black黑色,
209
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因為是心智殘障黑人而被殺,
13:15
having a domestic國內 disturbance騷亂 while black黑色.
210
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2800
因為是有家庭糾紛的黑人而被殺。
13:19
They've他們已經 even been killed殺害
being存在 homeless無家可歸 while black黑色.
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他們甚至因為是無家可歸的黑人而被殺。
13:24
They've他們已經 been killed殺害
talking on the cell細胞 phone電話,
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他們因為是在講手機的黑人而被殺,
13:26
laughing with friends朋友,
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與朋友在笑,
13:29
sitting坐在 in a car汽車 reported報導 as stolen被盜
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坐在被盜竊的車裡,
13:32
and making製造 a U-turn掉頭
in front面前 of the White白色 House
215
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在白宮前做U行迴轉時被殺
13:35
with an infant嬰兒 strapped
in the backseat後座 of the car汽車.
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當時還有嬰兒在車上的後座,
13:40
Why don't we know these stories故事?
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為什麼我們不知道這些故事?
13:44
Why is it that their lost丟失 lives生活
218
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3000
為什麼他們失去的生命
13:48
don't generate生成 the same相同 amount
of media媒體 attention注意 and communal公社 outcry喊叫
219
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沒有得到和他們的兄弟的死亡
同樣的的媒體關注和公共抗議?
13:53
as the lost丟失 lives生活
of their fallen墮落 brothers兄弟?
220
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13:57
It's time for a change更改.
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現在是該改變的時候了。
14:03
So what can we do?
222
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我們該如何做呢?
14:06
In 2014, the African-American非裔美國人
Policy政策 Forum論壇 began開始 to demand需求
223
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在2014年,非洲裔美國人
政策論壇開始要求
14:12
that we "say her name名稱"
224
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我們要「說出她們的名字」
14:16
at rallies集會, at protests抗議,
225
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在集會時,在抗議時,
14:19
at conferences會議, at meetings會議,
226
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在會議裡,在開會時,
14:22
anywhere隨地 and everywhere到處
227
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在任何地方
14:25
that state violence暴力 against反對 black黑色 bodies身體
is being存在 discussed討論.
228
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對黑人進行身體上的暴力
正在被討論。
14:30
But saying her name名稱 is not enough足夠.
229
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但是只是說出她們的名字還不夠。
14:33
We have to be willing願意 to do more.
230
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我們必須願意做更多。
14:36
We have to be willing願意 to bear witness見證,
231
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我們必須願意作證,
14:39
to bear witness見證
to the often經常 painful痛苦 realities現實
232
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為我們我們不願面對的
痛苦的現實作證,
14:42
that we would just rather not confront面對,
233
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為許多黑人婦女不得不面對的
日常暴力和侮辱作證
14:45
the everyday每天 violence暴力 and humiliation屈辱
that many許多 black黑色 women婦女 have had to face面對,
234
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6456
橫跨顏色,
14:52
black黑色 women婦女 across橫過 color顏色,
235
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年齡,性別表現,
14:54
age年齡, gender性別 expression表達,
236
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性取向和能力。
14:57
sexuality性慾 and ability能力.
237
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15:01
So we have the opportunity機會 right now --
238
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我們現在有機會 --
記住我即將與你分享
的一些圖像
15:05
bearing軸承 in mind心神 that some of the images圖片
that I'm about to share分享 with you
239
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可能觸發一些 --
15:09
may可能 be triggering觸發 for some --
240
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對這種暴力的感同身受。
15:12
to collectively bear witness見證
to some of this violence暴力.
241
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我們將要聽到
非凡的艾比.道布森的歌聲。
15:18
We're going to hear the voice語音
of the phenomenal非凡的 Abby艾比 Dobson多布森.
242
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當我們和這些婦女坐在一起,
15:23
And as we sit with these women婦女,
243
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一些經歷過暴力的人
和一些沒有倖存的他們,
15:26
some who have experienced有經驗的 violence暴力
and some who have not survived倖存 them,
244
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我們有一個機會
15:33
we have an opportunity機會
245
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15:34
to reverse相反 what happened發生
at the beginning開始 of this talk,
246
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以扭轉在這次演講開始時講過的事,
那時我們無法支持這些婦女
因為我們不知道她們的名字
15:38
when we could not stand for these women婦女
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15:41
because we did not know their names.
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所以在這個剪輯的結尾,
會有一個名單。
15:45
So at the end結束 of this clip,
there's going to be a roll call.
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15:50
Several一些 black黑色 women's女士的 names will come up.
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幾位女性的名字會被點出。
我希望如果你們可以,
讓我們來說出這些名字
15:54
I'd like those of you who are able能夠
to join加入 us in saying these names
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盡你可能的大聲說,
15:59
as loud as you can,
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隨機的,無序的。
16:02
randomly隨機, disorderly.
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讓我們創造一個盛大的共鳴
16:04
Let's create創建 a cacophony雜音 of sound聲音
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代表我們的意圖
16:08
to represent代表 our intention意向
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來支持這些婦女,
16:11
to hold保持 these women婦女 up,
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16:14
to sit with them,
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與她們同坐,
見證他們,
16:15
to bear witness見證 to them,
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將她們帶回光明中。
16:18
to bring帶來 them into the light.
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16:28
(Singing唱歌) Abby艾比 Dobson多布森: Say,
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16:35
say her name名稱.
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說出她的名字
16:42
Say,
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16:50
say her name名稱.
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說出她的名字
16:54
(Audience聽眾) Shelly雪莉!
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(觀眾)雪莉!
(觀眾)肯納!
16:56
(Audience聽眾) Kayla凱拉!
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16:57
AD廣告: Oh,
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(唱)噢
(觀眾念出名字)
17:05
say her name名稱.
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說出她的名字
17:11
(Audience聽眾 shouting叫喊 names)
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17:14
Say, say,
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17:21
say her name名稱.
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說出她的名字
17:29
Say her name名稱.
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說出她的名字
17:34
For all the names
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這所有的名字
17:37
I'll never know,
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我一無所知
17:44
say her name名稱.
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說出她的名字
(念出各個名字)
17:47
KCKC: AiyannaAiyanna Stanley斯坦利 Jones瓊斯,
JanishaJanisha FonvilleFonville,
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17:50
Kathryn凱瑟琳 Johnston約翰斯頓, Kayla凱拉 Moore穆爾,
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17:52
Michelle米歇爾 CusseauxCusseaux, RekiaRekia Boyd博伊德,
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我一無所知
17:55
Shelly雪莉 Frey弗雷, TarikaTarika的, Yvette伊薇特 Smith工匠.
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說出她的名字
18:00
AD廣告: Say her name名稱.
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18:11
KCKC: So I said at the beginning開始,
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正如我一開始所說的,
如果我們看不到一個問題,
18:13
if we can't see a problem問題,
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那麼我們就無法解決這個問題。
18:17
we can't fix固定 a problem問題.
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讓我們一起,共同來見證,
18:20
Together一起, we've我們已經 come together一起
to bear witness見證
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18:24
to these women's女士的 lost丟失 lives生活.
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見證這些黑人女性失去的生命。
18:27
But the time now is to move移動
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但現在我們要從哀悼和悲痛中走出,
18:29
from mourning and grief哀思
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18:32
to action行動 and transformation轉型.
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我們要作出行動,作出改變。
18:36
This is something that we can do.
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這些是我們所能做的事。
一切都取決于我們。
18:39
It's up to us.
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謝謝在座的各位加入我們,
18:42
Thank you for joining加盟 us.
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18:44
Thank you.
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謝謝。
(掌聲)
18:46
(Applause掌聲)
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Translated by YuFei Liang
Reviewed by 紀睿 盧

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ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Kimberlé Crenshaw - Civil rights advocate
As a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice.

Why you should listen

Kimberlé Crenshaw, professor of law at UCLA and Columbia Law School, is a leading authority in the area of cvil rights, Black feminist legal theory, and race, racism and the law. Her work has been foundational in two fields of study that have come to be known by terms that she coined: critical race theory and intersectionality.

Crenshaw’s articles have appeared in the Harvard Law Review, National Black Law Journal, Stanford Law Review and Southern California Law Review. She is the founding coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Workshop, and the co-editor of the volume, Critical Race Theory: Key Documents That Shaped the Movement. She has lectured widely on race matters, addressing audiences across the country as well as in Europe, India, Africa and South America. A specialist on race and gender equality, she has facilitated workshops for human rights activists in Brazil and in India, and for constitutional court judges in South Africa. Her groundbreaking work on intersectionality has traveled globally and was influential in the drafting of the equality clause in the South African Constitution.

Crenshaw authored the background paper on race and gender discrimination for the United Nation's World Conference on Racism, served as the rapporteur for the conference's expert group on gender and race discrimination, and coordinated NGO efforts to ensure the inclusion of gender in the WCAR Conference Declaration. She is a leading voice in calling for a gender-inclusive approach to racial justice interventions, having spearheaded the "Why We Can't Wait" campaign and co-authored Black Girls Matter: Pushed Out, Overpoliced and Underprotected, and Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality Against Black Women.

Crenshaw has worked extensively on a variety of issues pertaining to gender and race in the domestic arena including violence against women, structural racial inequality and affirmative action. She has served as a member of the National Science Foundation's committee to research violence against women and has consulted with leading foundations, social justice organizations and corporations to advance their race and gender equity initiatives.

In 1996, she co-founded the African American Policy Forum to house a variety of projects designed to deliver research-based strategies to better advance social inclusion. Among the Forum's projects are the Affirmative Action Research and Policy Consortium and the Multiracial Literacy and Leadership Initiative. In partnership with the Aspen Roundtable for Community Change, Crenshaw facilitated workshops on racial equity for hundreds of community leaders and organizations throughout the country. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation, Crenshaw facilitates the Bellagio Project, an international network of scholars working in the field of social inclusion from five continents. She formerly served as Committee Chair for the U.S.-Brazil Joint Action Plan to Promote Racial and Ethnic Equality, an initiative of the U.S. State Department.

Crenshaw has received the Fulbright Distinguished Chair for Latin America, the Alphonse Fletcher Fellowship and was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University in 2009 and a Visiting Fellow at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy in 2010. Currently, Crenshaw is director of the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies  at Columbia Law School, which she founded in 2011, as well as the Centennial Professor at the LSE Gender Institute 2015-2018. Crenshaw received her J.D. from Harvard, L.L.M. from University of Wisconsin and B.A. from Cornell University.

More profile about the speaker
Kimberlé Crenshaw | Speaker | TED.com
Abby Dobson - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change.

Why you should listen

Abby Dobson is the 2016 artist-in-residence with the African American Policy Forum (AAPF). A sonic conceptualist artist, Dobson's sound is the alchemy of R&B/Soul, jazz, classic pop, gospel and folk, forging a gem that erases musical boundaries. Dobson has performed at venues such as S.O.B's, Kennedy Center Millennium Stage, Apollo Theater, Blue Note Jazz Club, Queens Museum and "The Tonight Show." Her debut album, Sleeping Beauty: You Are the One You Have Been Waiting On, was released in 2010 to glowing reviews. Featured on Talib Kweli’s album Gravitas on State of Grace, Dobson was also nominated for a 2014 BET Hip Hop Award for Best Impact Song.

Dobson received a Juris Doctorate degree from Georgetown University Law Center and a Bachelor's degree from Williams College in Political Science and History. Her interests have been deeply impacted by intersectionality discourse and critical race theory. An artist and independent scholar, Dobson's interests focus on the intersection of race and gender in the imagination, creation and consumption of music. A sampling of recent presentations include: International James Baldwin Conference at American University of Paris (2016), Association for the Study of African American History and Life Conference (2013-2015); Anna Julia Cooper Project at Tulane University (2013); and National Women's Studies Association (NWSA) Conference (2013).

Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. She creates music to privilege black female voices and highlight the human condition. Inspired by AAPF’s social justice work, Dobson composed and performs "Say Her Name" in tribute to the black women lost to state and non-state violence.

Dobson also volunteers with the National Organization for Women, NYC Chapter's Activist Alliance serving as a member of its Intersectionality Committee. She is currently wrapping up recording for Sister Outsider, the follow-up to her debut album, slated for release in 2017.

More profile about the speaker
Abby Dobson | Speaker | TED.com