ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nicholas Negroponte - Tech visionary
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world.

Why you should listen

A pioneer in the field of computer-aided design, Negroponte founded (and was the first director of) MIT's Media Lab, which helped drive the multimedia revolution and now houses more than 500 researchers and staff across a broad range of disciplines. An original investor in Wired (and the magazine's "patron saint"), for five years he penned a column exploring the frontiers of technology -- ideas that he expanded into his 1995 best-selling book Being Digital. An angel investor extraordinaire, he's funded more than 40 startups, and served on the boards of companies such as Motorola and Ambient Devices.

But his latest effort, the One Laptop per Child project, may prove his most ambitious. The organization is designing, manufacturing and distributing low-cost, wireless Internet-enabled computers costing roughly $100 and aimed at children. Negroponte hopes to put millions of these devices in the hands of children in the developing world.

More profile about the speaker
Nicholas Negroponte | Speaker | TED.com
TED2006

Nicholas Negroponte: One Laptop per Child

尼葛洛龐帝(Nicholas Negroponte)分享「一個孩子、一台筆電」的願景

Filmed:
469,675 views

尼葛洛龐帝是美國麻省理工學院(MIT)媒體實驗室的創辦人。他在演講中描述「一個孩子、一台筆電」計畫如何研發並分送「一台100美元」的筆記型電腦。
- Tech visionary
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:24
I've been at MITMIT for 44 years年份.
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我在MIT待了44年 參加過第一屆TED
00:27
I went to TEDTED I.
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我想在場應該只有一位有同等資歷
00:29
There's only one other person here,
I think, who did that.
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在其他屆的演講中 -我從没缺席過TED-
00:32
All the other TEDs海龜逃生裝置 --
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00:33
and I went to them all,
under Ricky'sRicky的 regime政權 --
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我解釋了媒體實驗室的工作內容
00:36
I talked about
what the Media媒體 Lab實驗室 was doing,
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00:38
which哪一個 today今天 has almost幾乎 500 people in it.
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實驗室現在大約有500名研究人員
媒體上週說我已經退出實驗室
00:41
And if you read the press,
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00:43
last week it actually其實 said
I quit放棄 the Media媒體 Lab實驗室.
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00:45
I didn't quit放棄 the Media媒體 Lab實驗室,
I stepped加強 down as chairman主席 --
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我實際上不是退出 只是卸下主席的職位
這頭銜有點可笑 不過已有人接任
00:50
which哪一個 was a kind of ridiculous荒謬 title標題,
but someone有人 else其他 has taken採取 it on --
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00:54
and one of the things
you can do as a professor教授
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當教授的好處之一
就是一日為教授 終生為教授
00:56
is you stay on as a professor教授.
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00:58
And I will now do for the rest休息 of my life
the One Laptop筆記本電腦 Per Child兒童,
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我下半輩子將獻給「一個孩子、一台筆電」
畢竟這是我已經推廣一年半的計畫
01:03
which哪一個 I've sort分類 of been doing
for a year and a half, anyway無論如何.
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也是今天演講的主題
01:06
So I'm going to tell you about this,
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在這18分鐘內 我將告訴各位我的動機
01:07
use my 18 minutes分鐘
to tell you why we're doing it,
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計畫如何運作 以及現在的進度
01:12
how we're doing it
and then what we're doing.
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等一下各位甚至有機會看看
01:14
And at some point I'll even pass通過 around
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100美元的筆電到底長什麼樣子
01:17
what the $100 laptop筆記本電腦 might威力 be like.
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克里斯希望我分享幾個重要議題
01:23
I was asked by Chris克里斯
to talk about some of the big issues問題,
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因此我先講三個促成這個計畫的動機
01:26
and so I figured想通 I'd start開始 with the three
that at least最小 drove開車 me to do this.
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01:31
And the first is pretty漂亮 obvious明顯.
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第一個顯而易見
當你與一國元首會晤 你問他:
01:34
It's amazing驚人 when you meet遇到
a head of state, and you say,
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「貴國最珍貴的天然資源是什麼?」
01:37
"What is your most precious珍貴
natural自然 resource資源?"
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他的第一個答案可能不是兒童
01:40
They will not say "children孩子" at first,
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01:42
and then when you say, "children孩子,"
they will pretty漂亮 quickly很快 agree同意 with you.
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但你提出時 他們十之八九都贊同
(1. 兒童是最珍貴的天然資源) 所以要說服他們一點也不難
01:47
And so that isn't very hard.
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01:49
(Laughter笑聲)
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(2. 消除貧困、戰爭、污染的良方是教育) 眾所皆知,要解決貧困國家的問題
01:51
Everybody每個人 agrees同意 that whatever隨你
the solutions解決方案 are to the big problems問題,
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(3. 除了接受教導 還有別的學習途徑) 教育是必須 甚至是唯一的必須
01:56
they include包括 education教育,
sometimes有時 can be just education教育
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要解決問題 或多或少必須依賴教育
02:01
and can never be without
some element元件 of education教育.
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所以提供教育當然是計畫目的之一
02:04
So that's certainly當然 part部分 of it.
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02:06
And the third第三
is a little bit less obvious明顯.
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第三個動機比較不明顯
這跟所有人學會走路、說話的模式有關
02:09
And that is that we all in this room房間
learned學到了 how to walk步行, how to talk,
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沒人教我們如何說話或走路
02:13
not by being存在 taught how to talk,
or taught how to walk步行,
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但與外界互動後 自然就學會了
02:18
but by interacting互動 with the world世界,
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像是開口要求 物品就到了手裡
02:20
by having certain某些 results結果 as a consequence後果
of being存在 able能夠 to ask for something,
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02:24
or being存在 able能夠 to stand up and reach達到 it.
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或是站起來 就搆得到物品
02:26
Whereas at about the age年齡 six,
we were told to stop learning學習 that way,
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但到大概六歲時 這種學習模式卻終止了
02:30
and that all learning學習 from then on
would happen發生 through通過 teaching教學,
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從那之後所有的學習都透過教導
不管是藉由像這樣聽講、讀書或其他方法
02:34
whether是否 it's people standing常設 up,
like I'm doing now,
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02:36
or a book, or something.
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都透過教導而傳授
02:38
But it was really through通過 teaching教學.
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而基本上 電腦對學習的貢獻之一
02:40
And one of the things in general一般
that computers電腦 have provided提供 to learning學習
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02:45
is that it now includes包括 a kind of learning學習
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在於它提供的學習模式
02:48
which哪一個 is a little bit more
like walking步行 and talking,
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有點像學習走路和說話
02:51
in the sense that a lot of it is driven驅動
by the learner學習者 himself他自己 or herself她自己.
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主導權是握在學習者自己手上的
有這幾個動機作為原則
02:58
So with those as the principles原則 --
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在座可能有人認識西摩派柏
03:01
some of you may可能 know Seymour西摩 Papert帕爾特.
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03:03
This is back in 1982,
when we were working加工 in Senegal塞內加爾.
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這張照片攝於1982年塞內加爾
03:06
Because some people think that
the $100 laptop筆記本電腦 just happened發生 a year ago,
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有些人以為這個計畫去年才開始
或是前年 或這是我們突發奇想
03:12
or two years年份 ago,
or we were struck來襲 by lightning閃電 --
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其實計畫早在60年代就開始了
03:15
this actually其實 has gone走了 back a long time,
and in fact事實, back to the '60s.
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這是80年代的進度 (這是教育計畫,不是筆電或手機計畫)
03:20
Here we're in the '80s.
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賈伯斯提供幾台筆電到塞內加爾
03:21
Steve史蒂夫 Jobs工作 had given特定 us some laptops筆記本電腦.
We were in Senegal塞內加爾.
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規模不大 但至少將電腦帶到開發中國家
03:26
It didn't scale規模
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03:27
but it at least最小 was bringing使 computers電腦
to developing發展 countries國家
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03:32
and learning學習 pretty漂亮 quickly很快
that these kids孩子,
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我們很快發現
當地孩子即使不諳英語
03:35
even though雖然 English英語 wasn't their language語言,
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甚至連拉丁字母都不認識
03:37
the Latin拉丁 alphabet字母
barely僅僅 was their language語言,
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用起電腦來卻怡然自得
03:40
but they could just swim游泳 like fish.
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得心應手
03:42
They could play these like pianos鋼琴.
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後來 我自己有機會親身參與
03:46
A little bit more recently最近,
I got involved參與 personally親自.
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03:50
And these are two anecdotes軼事 --
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這裡有兩個小故事 其中一則發生在柬埔寨
03:52
one was in Cambodia柬埔寨,
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有個村子沒有水電 沒有電視、電話
03:54
in a village that has no electricity電力,
no water, no television電視, no telephone電話,
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但現在村民有寬頻網路
03:59
but has broadband寬帶 Internet互聯網 now.
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04:01
And these kids孩子,
their first English英語 word is "Google谷歌"
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村裡孩子第一個學會的英文單字是"Google"
除了Skype 不知電話為何物
04:04
and they only know SkypeSkype的.
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04:07
They've他們已經 never heard聽說 of telephony電話.
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他們只用Skype
04:08
They just use SkypeSkype的.
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晚上回家他們就用寬頻連上網
04:11
And they go home at night --
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04:12
they've他們已經 got a broadband寬帶 connection連接
in a hut棚屋 that doesn't have electricity電力.
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即使茅屋裡連電源都沒有
04:16
The parents父母 love it,
because when they open打開 up the laptops筆記本電腦,
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父母親也愛上了這台筆電 因為一開機
它就成了屋裡最亮的光源
04:19
it's the brightest light source資源
in the house.
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04:21
And talk about
where metaphors隱喻 and reality現實 mix混合 --
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讓各位看看什麼叫美夢成真
04:25
this is the actual實際 school學校.
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這是學校實際的樣子
04:28
In parallel平行 with this,
Seymour西摩 Papert帕爾特 got the governor州長 of Maine緬因州
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同一時間 派柏說服緬因州州長
04:33
to legislate立法 one laptop筆記本電腦 per child兒童
in the year 2002.
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立法在2002年通過該計畫 (絕非兩人共用或一間教室一台)
當時 若說八成的老師都憂心忡忡
04:39
Now at the time, I think it's fair公平 to say
that 80 percent百分 of the teachers教師 were --
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我想絕不為過
04:44
let me say, apprehensive憂慮.
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04:45
Really, they were actually其實 against反對 it.
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事實上 老師們並不贊成這個計畫
04:47
And they really preferred首選
that the money would be used
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他們寧可把錢用作他途
加薪、建新學校、或做其他事
04:50
for higher更高 salaries工資,
more schools學校, whatever隨你.
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04:52
And now, three and a half
years年份 later後來, guess猜測 what?
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但三年半後的今天看看 情況如何?
04:56
They're reporting報告 five things:
drop下降 of truancy逃學 to almost幾乎 zero,
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他們回報了五個現象
曠課率降到幾乎至零 家長會參與率大幅增加
05:03
attending出席 parent-teacher家長教師 meetings會議 --
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以前從沒人參加 現在全都來了
05:04
which哪一個 nobody沒有人 did
and now almost幾乎 everybody每個人 does --
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風紀問題減少 課堂參與熱絡
05:07
drop下降 in discipline學科 problems問題,
increase增加 in student學生 participation參與.
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05:11
Teachers教師 are now saying
it's kind of fun開玩笑 to teach.
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連老師都覺得現在教課很有意思
孩子們有參與感 因為有了筆電
05:13
Kids童裝 are engaged訂婚 -- they have laptops筆記本電腦! --
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然後第五項發現是我最感興趣的
05:17
and then the fifth第五,
which哪一個 interests利益 me the most,
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就是伺服器晚上有時候得關機
05:19
is that the servers服務器 have to be turned轉身 off
at certain某些 times at night
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05:22
because the teachers教師
are getting得到 too much email電子郵件
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因為教師收到太多電子郵件
全是孩子們寫來問問題的
05:25
from the kids孩子 asking them for help.
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因此 這種計畫是不需要前測的
05:27
So when you see that kind of thing --
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05:29
this is not something
that you have to test測試.
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前測早就不適用了 如果有人說:
05:31
The days of pilot飛行員 projects項目 are over,
when people say,
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05:33
"We'd星期三 like to do three or four thousand
in our country國家 to see how it works作品."
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「呃 先拿三四千台來 看看可不可行吧?」
去你的 閃遠點 自然有別人願意參與
05:37
Screw you. Go to the back of the line
and someone有人 else其他 will do it,
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等你明白計畫可行 再回來找我們吧
05:41
and then when you figure數字 out
that this works作品, you can join加入 as well.
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這就是我們的作風
05:45
And this is what we're doing.
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(笑聲)(掌聲)
05:48
(Laughter笑聲) (Applause掌聲)
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「一個孩子、一台筆電」是一年半前誕生的
05:50
So, One Laptop筆記本電腦 Per Child兒童
was formed形成 about a year and a half ago.
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這個非營利組織已經募集資金 (透過NRE帳戶籌得2000萬美元)
05:55
It's a nonprofit非營利性 association協會.
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05:57
It raised上調 about 20 million百萬 dollars美元
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解決設計的問題 然後再進行生產 (約法三章:規模,規模,規模!)
05:59
to do the engineering工程
to just get this built內置,
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06:03
and then have it produced生成 afterwards之後.
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(07年700-1000萬台,08年1-2億台) 規模至關重要 (在七大國推行)
06:05
Scale規模 is truly important重要.
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(免費提供給而兒童) 這不是因為可以用更低價買零組件 明白嗎?
06:08
And it's not important重要 because you can
buy購買 components組件 at a lower降低 price價錢, OK?
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而是因為 當你與合作廠商洽談時
06:14
It's because you can go
to a manufacturer生產廠家 --
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這邊我就不公佈是哪家廠商了
06:17
and I will leave離開 the name名稱 out --
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你說 我們想要小螢幕 色彩均勻度差一點無妨
06:18
but we wanted a small display顯示,
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06:22
doesn't have to have
perfect完善 color顏色 uniformity均勻性.
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甚至缺一兩個畫素、稍暗都無所謂
06:26
It can even have a pixel像素 or two missing失踪.
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06:28
It doesn't have to be that bright.
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這位廠商回答:
06:31
And this particular特定 manufacturer生產廠家 said,
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06:33
"We're not interested有興趣 in that.
We're interested有興趣 in the living活的 room房間.
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「呃,很抱歉,我們的專長是家用螢幕
強調的就是色調飽滿
06:36
We're interested有興趣
in perfect完善 color顏色 uniformity均勻性.
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賣點是又大又鮮明的畫面
06:38
We're interested有興趣 in big displays顯示器,
bright displays顯示器.
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您的要求實在有違敝公司的方針」
06:41
You're not part部分 of our strategic戰略 plan計劃."
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所以我回答:「喔,真可惜,
06:44
And I said, "That's kind of too bad,
because we need 100 million百萬 units單位 a year."
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因為我們一年要一億台」
06:47
(Laughter笑聲)
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廠商口風一轉:「噢,我們的方針是可以調整的」
06:49
And they said, "Oh, well, maybe we could
become成為 part部分 of your strategic戰略 plan計劃."
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06:53
And that's why scale規模 counts計數.
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所以我才說規模至關重要
06:55
And that's why we will not launch發射 this
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也因此 我們首批的需求至少要500到1000萬台
06:58
without five to 10 million百萬 units單位
in the first run.
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目的在於 達到一定的規模以後
07:02
And the idea理念 is
to launch發射 with enough足夠 scale規模
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就能以規模制價
07:05
that the scale規模 itself本身
helps幫助 bring帶來 the price價錢 down,
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07:07
and that's why I said
seven to 10 million百萬 there.
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所以07年的目標才會訂這個數字
我們也沒有業務和行銷團隊
07:11
And we're doing it
without a sales-and-marketing銷售和營銷 team球隊.
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頂多像我這樣到處演講而已
07:14
I mean, you're looking
at the sales-and-marketing銷售和營銷 team球隊.
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07:17
We will do it by going
to seven large countries國家
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我們拜訪大國 徵求同意推行計畫
07:21
and getting得到 them to agree同意 and launch發射 it,
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這樣其他國家也會跟進
07:24
and then the others其他 can follow跟隨.
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07:26
We have partners夥伴.
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我們有合作夥伴 當然Google也名列其中
07:28
It's not hard to guess猜測
Google谷歌 would be one.
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還有其他企業在觀望
07:30
The others其他 are all playing播放 to pending有待.
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就是它 最近在媒體上大出風頭
07:34
And this has been
in the press a great deal合同.
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我們與安南一同推出了這台綠色機器
07:36
It's the so-called所謂 Green綠色 Machine
that we introduced介紹 with Kofi科菲 Annan安南
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是在11月突尼西亞的世界高峰會上
07:42
in November十一月 at the World世界 Summit首腦
that was held保持 in Tunisia突尼斯.
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大家乍看之下的反應是:這是筆電計畫
07:47
Now once一旦 people start開始 looking at this,
they say, "Ah, this is a laptop筆記本電腦 project項目."
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07:52
Well, no, it's not a laptop筆記本電腦 project項目.
It's an education教育 project項目.
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其實不是 這是教育計畫
07:56
And the fun開玩笑 part部分 --
and I'm quite相當 focused重點 on it --
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好玩的來了 這也是我努力的重點
07:59
I tell people I used to be a light bulb燈泡,
but now I'm a laser激光 --
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我總說我以前是燈泡 現在是雷射
我非把這個計畫做起來不可
08:03
I'm just going to get that thing built內置,
and it turns out it's not so hard.
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而且我發現其實沒那麼難
原因是筆電各項成本有固定比重
08:10
Because laptop筆記本電腦 economics經濟學
are the following以下:
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一台筆電的售價 差不多有五成、接近六成
08:13
I say 50 percent百分 here --
it's more like 60,
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08:15
60 percent百分 of the cost成本 of your laptop筆記本電腦
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是付給了業務、行銷、流通和利潤
08:17
is sales銷售, marketing營銷,
distribution分配 and profit利潤.
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08:20
Now we have none沒有 of those, OK?
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這些我們都沒有 對不對?
所以這些項目沒有列在成本裡
08:23
None沒有 of those figure數字 into our cost成本,
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因為我們用成本價出售 政府負責流通
08:26
because first of all, we sell it at cost成本,
and the governments政府 distribute分發 it.
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08:30
It gets得到 distributed分散式
to the school學校 system系統 like a textbook教科書.
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透過學校系統分送 像發課本一樣
08:34
So that piece disappears消失.
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這些成本消失了 剩下的就是螢幕和其他部份
08:36
Then you have display顯示 and everything else其他.
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(成本壓到100美元的筆電) 至於螢幕成本 大致而言
08:39
Now the display顯示 on your laptop筆記本電腦 costs成本,
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08:42
in rough numbers數字,
10 dollars美元 a diagonal對角線 inch英寸.
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是一英吋對角線10美元 (2005年筆電總價分析)
08:47
That can drop下降 to eight;
it can drop下降 to seven
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這價錢當然可以砍到8元或7元
08:49
but it's not going to drop下降 to two,
or to one and a half,
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但不可能降到2元或1.5元
08:52
unless除非 we do some pretty漂亮 clever聰明 things.
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除非我們有什麼重大突破
其他部分 棕色那一小塊 就有趣了
08:56
It's the rest休息 -- that little brown棕色 box --
that is pretty漂亮 fascinating迷人,
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因為其他成本就是筆電運作所需
09:01
because the rest休息 of your laptop筆記本電腦
is devoted忠誠 to itself本身.
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有點像過重的人 把大部分能量
09:06
It's a little bit like an obese肥胖 person
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09:09
having to use most of their energy能源
to move移動 their obesity肥胖.
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都消耗在移動一身肥肉上 懂了吧?
09:12
(Laughter笑聲)
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09:13
And we have a situation情況 today今天
which哪一個 is incredible難以置信.
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我們現在的處境實在有點匪夷所思
我從筆電問世以來就開始用這東西了
09:19
I've been using運用 laptops筆記本電腦
since以來 their inception成立.
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我的筆電跑得越來越慢、越不穩、越令人不滿
09:22
And my laptop筆記本電腦 runs運行 slower比較慢,
less reliably可靠 and less pleasantly愉快
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09:27
than it ever has before.
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今年的狀況更是糟糕
09:30
And this year is worse更差.
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你們聽到這會鼓掌 甚至起立歡呼。但我問:
09:32
(Applause掌聲)
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09:33
People clap, sometimes有時
you even get standing常設 ovations歡呼,
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09:36
and I say, "What the hell's地獄 wrong錯誤
with you? Why are we all sitting坐在 there?"
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「你們怎麼了?為什麼乖乖忍受這些不便?」
09:40
And somebody -- to remain nameless無名 --
called our laptop筆記本電腦 a "gadget小工具" recently最近.
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有人說 百元筆電是時髦玩具
我可不認同 我們的筆電跑得飛快
09:46
And I said, "God, our laptop's筆記本電腦的 going to go
like a bat蝙蝠 out of hell地獄.
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開機的時候 「逬!」一聲就可以用了
09:50
When you open打開 it up,
it's going to go 'bing“兵.'"
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09:52
It'll它會 be on.
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09:54
It'll它會 be just like it was in 1985,
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就像1985年的蘋果麥金塔512電腦
09:57
when you bought an Apple蘋果 Macintosh蘋果 512.
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運作順暢
10:02
It worked工作 really well.
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現在的筆電一代不如一代
10:04
And we've我們已經 been going steadily穩步 downhill下坡.
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常有人問我筆電的規格 (WiFi網狀網路)
10:07
Now, people ask all the time what it is.
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就是如此 (雙模式顯示器)
10:11
That's what it is.
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其中最值得一提的應是網狀網路
10:13
The two pieces that are probably大概 notable顯著:
it'll它會 be a mesh網孔 network網絡,
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10:18
so when the kids孩子 open打開 up their laptops筆記本電腦,
they all become成為 a network網絡,
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孩子們同時使用筆電 就構成網路環境
只需要一兩個後置網路傳輸點
10:22
and then just need
one or two points of backhaul回程.
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2MB的頻寬就夠滿足兩千個孩子
10:25
You can serve服務 a couple一對 of thousand kids孩子
with two megabits兆位.
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所以只要村內家家有筆電
10:28
So you really can bring帶來 into a village,
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10:31
and then the villages村莊
can connect themselves他們自己,
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整個村子就能聯成一個網路
效果非常好
10:33
and you really can do it quite相當 well.
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雙模顯示 讓螢幕在戶外也能用
10:36
The dual mode模式 display顯示 --
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10:38
the idea理念 is to have a display顯示
that both works作品 outdoors在戶外 --
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在戶外用手機有什麼問題?
10:43
isn't it fun開玩笑 using運用 your cell細胞 phone電話
outdoors在戶外 in the sunlight陽光?
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呃,你根本看不清楚螢幕
10:47
Well, you can't see it.
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10:48
And one of the reasons原因 you can't see it
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原因之一是 手機螢幕是背光式的
10:50
is because it's backlighting逆光
most of the time, most cell細胞 phones手機.
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大部分手機都是如此
我們想做的 是正背光兩用的螢幕
10:54
Now, what we're doing is, we're doing one
that will be both frontlit前光 and backlit背光.
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切換方式是手動還是用程式轉換還有待確認
10:59
And whether是否 you manually手動 switch開關 it
or you do it in the software軟件
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11:03
is to be seen看到.
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反正 背光時 就是彩色螢幕
11:04
But when it's backlit背光, it's color顏色.
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11:06
And when it's frontlit前光,
it's black黑色 and white白色
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面光時 是三倍解析度的黑白螢幕
11:08
at three times the resolution解析度.
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這些都達成了嗎?還沒
11:10
Is it all worked工作 out? No.
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11:13
That's why a lot of our people are
more or less living活的 in Taiwan台灣 right now.
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所以我們很多人員現在常跑台灣
11:18
And in about 30 days,
we'll know for sure whether是否 this works作品.
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大概30天後就會知道可不可行
而最重要的部分
11:22
Probably大概 the most important重要 piece there
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應該是孩子們可以負責維修工作
11:27
is that the kids孩子
really can do the maintenance保養.
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這是另一個不可思議之處
11:30
And this is again something
that people don't believe,
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但這是千真萬確的 (兒童負責維修工作)
11:33
but I really think it's quite相當 true真正.
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這就是我們在突尼斯展示的筆電
11:36
That's the machine we showed顯示 in Tunis突尼斯.
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這是未來設計的方向 (旋轉功能)
11:41
This is more the direction方向
that we're going to go.
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11:44
And it's something
that we didn't think was possible可能.
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之前以為這是做不到的
11:47
Now, I'm going to pass通過 this around.
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我現在把筆電傳下去
這並不是設計圖
11:51
This isn't a design設計, OK?
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它只是個粗製的樣本 讓各位看看
11:53
So this is just a mechanical機械
engineering工程 sort分類 of embodiment實施例 of it
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11:58
for you to play with.
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只算是模型
11:59
And it's clearly明確地 just a model模型.
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實際成品在MIT
12:01
The working加工 one is at MITMIT.
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從這位帥哥這裡開始傳
12:04
I'm going to pass通過 it
to this handsome英俊 gentleman紳士.
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讓你決定要往左還是往右傳
12:07
At least最小 you can decide決定
whether是否 it goes left or --
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12:09
Chris克里斯 Anderson安德森: Before you do it,
for the people down in simulcast同播 --
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噢 我忘了有現場聯播 攝影機拍一下好嗎
12:12
Nicholas尼古拉斯 Negroponte內格羅蓬特: Sorry! I forgot忘記.
CACA: Just show顯示 it off a bit.
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幸好你提醒 謝了 克里斯
12:15
So wherever哪裡 the camera相機 is --
OK, good point. Thank you, Chris克里斯.
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這不僅是一台筆電
12:19
The idea理念 was that
it would be not only a laptop筆記本電腦,
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還可以變身成電子書
12:22
but that it could transform轉變
into an electronic電子 book.
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或是具備類似的功能
12:26
So it's sort分類 of an electronic電子 book.
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這樣就可以在戶外看黑白螢幕
12:27
This is where when you go outside,
it's in black黑色 and white白色.
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雖然沒有遊戲鈕 不過它也是遊戲機
12:30
The games遊戲 buttons鈕扣 are missing失踪,
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12:32
but it'll它會 also be a games遊戲 machine,
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12:34
book machine.
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把螢幕豎起來 可以當電視
12:36
Set it up this way,
and it's a television電視 set.
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有許多用途 這樣展示清楚了嗎?好
12:38
Etc等等., etc等等. -- is that enough足夠
for simulcast同播? OK, sorry.
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吉姆會決定等下要往哪邊傳
12:44
I'll let Jim吉姆 decide決定
which哪一個 way to send發送 it afterwards之後.
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回到剛剛說的七大國 (笑聲)(七國:中國 印度 泰國 埃及 奈及利亞 巴西 阿根廷)
12:47
OK. Seven countries國家.
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12:49
(Laughter笑聲)
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麻州還不確定 因為他們必須要進行招標
12:51
I say "maybe" for Massachusetts馬薩諸塞,
because they actually其實 have to do a bid出價.
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依法行事就得遵照程序進行
12:56
By law you've got to bid出價,
and so on and so forth向前.
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所以我現在還不敢下定論
12:58
So I can't quite相當 name名稱 them.
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其他國家不需要招標就可以決定
13:00
In the other cases,
they don't have to do bids投標.
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13:03
They can decide決定 --
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決策者都是中央政府
13:04
it's the federal聯邦 government政府 in each case案件.
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不過惱人的是 很多人說
13:06
It's kind of agonizing折騰,
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「我們從地方政府開始下手吧」
13:08
because a lot of people say,
"Let's do it at the state level水平,"
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當然 地方政府規模小 一定比中央靈活
13:10
because states狀態 are more nimble敏捷
than the feds聯邦調查局, just because of size尺寸.
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但是我們發現
13:15
And yet然而 we count計數.
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我們交涉的對象其實是中央政府
13:17
We're really dealing交易
with the federal聯邦 government政府.
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面對的是教育部
13:19
We're really dealing交易
with ministries部委 of education教育.
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13:21
And if you look at governments政府
around the world世界,
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環顧世界各國政府
教育部往往是最保守的
13:24
ministries部委 of education教育
tend趨向 to be the most conservative保守,
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也是人員最多的部門
13:28
and also the ones那些 that have huge巨大 payrolls就業.
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每位都自詡為教育專家
13:32
Everybody每個人 thinks
they know about education教育,
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其中又牽涉許多文化層面
13:34
a lot of culture文化 is built內置 into it as well.
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推行計畫真的不容易 十分艱鉅
13:37
It's really hard.
And so it's certainly當然 the hard road.
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這些國家各有不同的地理文化
13:41
If you look at the countries國家,
they're pretty漂亮 geoculturallygeoculturally distributed分散式.
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13:45
Have they all agreed約定? No, not completely全然.
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每國都同意推行嗎?沒有
泰國 巴西 奈及利亞是比較積極的
13:48
Probably大概 Thailand泰國, Brazil巴西 and Nigeria尼日利亞
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13:50
are the three that are
the most active活性 and most agreed約定.
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也最願意配合
我們尚未與任一國簽署任何協議
13:53
We're purposely故意
not signing簽約 anything with anybody任何人
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要等筆電完工
13:56
until直到 we actually其實 have the working加工 ones那些.
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我每三個月拜訪這些國家一次
13:59
And since以來 I visit訪問
each one of those countries國家
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14:01
within at least最小 every一切 three months個月,
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等於我每三週就環遊世界一圈
14:04
I'm just going around the world世界
every一切 three weeks.
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這是我們大致的進度
14:07
Here's這裡的 sort分類 of the schedule時間表
264
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14:08
and I put at the bottom底部 we might威力 give some
away free自由 in two years年份 at this meeting會議.
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希望在兩年後的TED大會上免費發送
每個人都說 成本100元的筆電 辦不到的
14:15
Everybody每個人 says it's a $100 laptop筆記本電腦 --
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14:18
you can't do it.
267
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知道嗎 我們確實辦不到
14:19
Well, guess猜測 what, we're not.
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一開始大約是135元 然後慢慢降價
14:20
We're coming未來 in probably大概 at 135,
to start開始, then drift漂移 down.
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這點非常重要
14:26
And that's very important重要,
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14:27
because so many許多 things hit擊中 the market市場
at a price價錢 and then drift漂移 up.
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因為許多商品上市後 價格會逐漸上漲
就是先以低價促銷 打響知名度後
14:32
It's kind of the loss失利 leader領導,
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14:34
and then as soon不久 as it looks容貌 interesting有趣,
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到頭來不是變得太貴 就是無法量產
14:37
it can't be afforded提供,
or it can't be scaled縮放 out.
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我們目標是在2010年將成本降至50美元
14:39
So we're targeting針對 50 dollars美元 in 2010.
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水貨市場是一大問題
14:43
The gray灰色 market's市場的 a big issue問題.
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14:45
And one of the ways方法 -- just one --
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防範水貨市場交易 只有一個方法
14:47
but one of the ways方法 to help
in the case案件 of the gray灰色 market市場
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就是產品必須獨一無二
14:51
is to make something
that is so utterly完全 unique獨特 --
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以汽車為例
14:54
It's a little bit like the fact事實
that automobiles汽車 --
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美國每天有上千輛車失竊
14:57
thousands數千 of automobiles汽車
are stolen被盜 every一切 day in the United聯合的 States狀態.
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15:01
Not one single
post-office郵政局 truck卡車 is stolen被盜.
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但一定沒有人會偷郵務車 為什麼?
15:04
(Laughter笑聲)
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15:05
And why?
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因為沒辦法脫手
15:06
Because there's no market市場
for post-office郵政局 trucks卡車.
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郵務車就是郵務車的樣子
15:09
It looks容貌 like a post-office郵政局 truck卡車.
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就算漆上不同顏色、改裝都沒用
15:11
You can spray噴霧 paint塗料 it.
You can do anything you want.
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我聽說 南非沒有白色富豪車失竊
15:13
I just learned學到了 recently最近: in South Africa非洲,
no white白色 Volvos沃爾沃 are stolen被盜.
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從來沒有
15:17
Period. None沒有. Zero.
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所以百元筆電就要像白色富豪車
15:19
So we want to make it
very much like a white白色 Volvo沃爾沃.
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各國政府都有專案小組
15:24
Each government政府 has a task任務 force.
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15:26
This perhaps也許 is less interesting有趣,
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要各部門通力合作 其實困難重重
15:28
but we're trying to get the governments政府
to all work together一起
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15:30
and it's not easy簡單.
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最省事的做法是從中央政府下手
15:34
The economics經濟學 of this
is to start開始 with the federal聯邦 governments政府
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然後層層推展
15:39
and then later後來,
to subsequently後來 go to other --
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例如 發起兒童一對一資助計畫
15:46
whether是否 it's child-to-child兒童對兒童 funding資金,
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讓美國孩子替發展中國家孩子出錢
15:48
so a child兒童 in this country國家 buys購買 one
for a child兒童 in the developing發展 world世界,
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依性別或年齡將兩地的孩子配對
15:53
maybe of the same相同 gender性別,
maybe of the same相同 age年齡.
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也可能是長輩送晚輩 當作生日禮物
15:56
An uncle叔叔 gives a niece侄女 or a nephew外甥 that
as a birthday生日 present當下.
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可以做的事太多了
16:00
I mean, there are all sorts排序 of things
that will happen發生,
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16:02
and they'll他們會 be very, very exciting扣人心弦.
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未來的發展真是讓人萬分期待
16:04
And everybody每個人 says -- I say --
it's an education教育 project項目.
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另外 既然這是教育計畫
筆電裡會附軟體嗎?
16:09
Are we providing提供 the software軟件?
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1997
答案是 系統裡當然有軟體
16:11
The answer回答 is:
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16:13
The system系統 certainly當然 has software軟件,
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不過 我們不提供教學材料
16:14
but no, we're not providing提供
the education教育 content內容.
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教材由各國自己負責
16:18
That is really doneDONE in the countries國家.
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我們是建構主義者
16:22
But we are certainly當然 constructionists構建主義.
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認為做中學才是學習之道
16:24
And we certainly當然 believe
in learning學習 by doing
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16:26
and everything from Logo商標,
which哪一個 was started開始 in 1968,
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例如Logo程式語言 從1968年啟用
16:30
to more modern現代 things, like Scratch,
if you've ever even heard聽說 of it,
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或比較近代的Scratch程式語言
都是以此為理念而設計的
16:35
are very, very much part部分 of it.
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這就是我們首次展示
16:37
And that's the rollout推出.
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這是癡人說夢嗎?真的可行嗎? 可行
16:40
Are we dreaming做夢? Is this real真實?
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16:42
It actually其實 is real真實.
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我們唯一受到的批評-沒人願意批評這個計畫
16:45
The only criticism批評, and people
really don't want to criticize批評 this,
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因為它是人道活動 非營利組織
16:50
because it is a humanitarian人道主義 effort功夫,
a nonprofit非營利性 effort功夫
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其實任何批評都是非常不智的
16:54
and to criticize批評 it
is a little bit stupid, actually其實.
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16:58
(Laughter笑聲)
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所以唯一會批評的就是
16:59
But the one thing
that people could criticize批評 was,
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立意可嘉 但這些人無法付諸實行
17:05
"Great idea理念, but these guys can't do it."
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這指的可能是 這群教授等人不自量力
17:09
And that could either mean these guys,
professors教授 and so on couldn't不能 do it,
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17:13
or that it's not possible可能.
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或計畫本身是不可能的任務
17:15
Well, on December十二月 12, a company公司
called Quanta廣達 agreed約定 to build建立 it,
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12月12日 廣達電腦同意進行生產
該公司是製造全球1/3筆電的大廠
17:21
and since以來 they make about one-third三分之一
of all the laptops筆記本電腦 on the planet行星 today今天,
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17:26
that question disappeared消失.
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一舉掃除任何對可行性的疑慮
17:28
So it's not a matter
of whether是否 it's going to happen發生.
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百元筆電計畫正準備上路
17:31
It is going to happen發生.
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17:32
And if it comes out
at 138 dollars美元, so what?
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即使一開始售價是138美元又如何?
即使延遲六個月才上市又如何?
17:37
If it comes out six months個月 late晚了, so what?
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這個計畫一定會漸入佳境 謝謝
17:40
That's a pretty漂亮 soft柔軟的 landing降落. Thank you.
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(掌聲)
17:42
(Applause掌聲)
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Translated by Michelle Fan
Reviewed by Jenny Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nicholas Negroponte - Tech visionary
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world.

Why you should listen

A pioneer in the field of computer-aided design, Negroponte founded (and was the first director of) MIT's Media Lab, which helped drive the multimedia revolution and now houses more than 500 researchers and staff across a broad range of disciplines. An original investor in Wired (and the magazine's "patron saint"), for five years he penned a column exploring the frontiers of technology -- ideas that he expanded into his 1995 best-selling book Being Digital. An angel investor extraordinaire, he's funded more than 40 startups, and served on the boards of companies such as Motorola and Ambient Devices.

But his latest effort, the One Laptop per Child project, may prove his most ambitious. The organization is designing, manufacturing and distributing low-cost, wireless Internet-enabled computers costing roughly $100 and aimed at children. Negroponte hopes to put millions of these devices in the hands of children in the developing world.

More profile about the speaker
Nicholas Negroponte | Speaker | TED.com