ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nicholas Negroponte - Tech visionary
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world.

Why you should listen

A pioneer in the field of computer-aided design, Negroponte founded (and was the first director of) MIT's Media Lab, which helped drive the multimedia revolution and now houses more than 500 researchers and staff across a broad range of disciplines. An original investor in Wired (and the magazine's "patron saint"), for five years he penned a column exploring the frontiers of technology -- ideas that he expanded into his 1995 best-selling book Being Digital. An angel investor extraordinaire, he's funded more than 40 startups, and served on the boards of companies such as Motorola and Ambient Devices.

But his latest effort, the One Laptop per Child project, may prove his most ambitious. The organization is designing, manufacturing and distributing low-cost, wireless Internet-enabled computers costing roughly $100 and aimed at children. Negroponte hopes to put millions of these devices in the hands of children in the developing world.

More profile about the speaker
Nicholas Negroponte | Speaker | TED.com
TED in the Field

Nicholas Negroponte: Taking OLPC to Colombia

尼古拉斯內格羅蓬特把OLPC「每童一電腦」計劃帶到哥倫比亞

Filmed:
390,783 views

TED和尼古拉斯內格羅蓬特一起去哥倫比亞,他去那發放筆記本,那裡曾是游擊隊所管轄的地區。他的合作夥伴?哥倫比亞的國防部,他們把「每童一電腦」計劃看作是對該地區的一種投資。(你同樣也可以參與。)
- Tech visionary
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:00
It's amazing驚人, when you meet遇到 a head of state and you say,
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這很美妙,當你遇到一個國家元首時,你說,
00:02
"What is your most precious珍貴 natural自然 resource資源?" --
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“你國家最珍貴的資源是甚麼?”
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they will not say children孩子 at first.
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他們不會第一時間說是兒童。
00:08
And then when you say children孩子,
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但是當你說兒童的時候,
00:10
they will pretty漂亮 quickly很快 agree同意 with you.
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他們幾乎馬上會認同你。
00:19
(Video視頻): We're traveling旅行 today今天 with
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(視頻)我們今天將和哥倫比亞的國防部長
00:21
the Minister部長 of Defense防禦 of Colombia哥倫比亞,
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一起出遊,
00:24
head of the army軍隊 and the head of the police警察,
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即是軍隊的負責人也是警力部門的負責人,
00:26
and we're dropping落下 off 650 laptops筆記本電腦
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並且我們要發放650台筆記本
00:29
today今天 to children孩子
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就在今天,給兒童們
00:31
who have no television電視, no telephone電話
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那些沒有電視,沒有電話的兒童們,
00:33
and have been in a community社區
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他們生存在一個
00:35
cut off from the rest休息 of the world世界
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與外界隔離的環境裡,
00:37
for the past過去 40 years年份.
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這樣已經有40年之久了。
00:40
The importance重要性 of delivering交付 laptops筆記本電腦 to this region地區
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對於在這個地區發放電腦的重要性是
00:43
is connecting kids孩子 who have otherwise除此以外 been unconnected懸空
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將那些由於哥倫比亞革命武裝力量而被分離的兒童
00:46
because of the FARCFARC,
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聯繫起來,
00:48
the guerrillas游擊隊 that started開始 off 40 years年份 ago
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游擊隊在40年前開始
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as a political政治 movement運動 and then became成為 a drug藥物 movement運動.
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由一種政治運動轉變為一種毒品運動。
00:56
There are one billion十億 children孩子 in the world世界,
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全世界裡十億人口的兒童,
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and 50 percent百分 of them don't have electricity電力
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他們中的一半都沒有電力
01:00
at home or at school學校.
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無論是在學校還是在家。
01:03
And in some countries國家 -- let me pick Afghanistan阿富汗 --
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在某些國家 — 舉個例子,阿富汗 —
01:05
75 percent百分 of the little girls女孩 don't go to school學校.
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75%的小女孩不會去上學。
01:08
And I don't mean that they drop下降 out of school學校
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我指的不是她們被學校退學
01:10
in the third第三 or fourth第四 grade年級 -- they don't go.
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在三年級或四年級的時候 — 她們根本沒有去上學。
01:12
So in the three years年份
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所以這3年以來
01:14
since以來 I talked at TEDTED and showed顯示 a prototype原型,
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自從我在TED裡演講和展示了一個產品原型,
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it's gone走了 from an idea理念
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它從一個想法
01:19
to a real真實 laptop筆記本電腦.
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轉變成了一個真正的筆記本。
01:22
We have half a million百萬 laptops筆記本電腦 today今天
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我們現在有50萬台筆記本
01:24
in the hands of children孩子.
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都發放到小孩手裡了。
01:27
We have about a quarter25美分硬幣 of a million百萬 in transit過境
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我們還有大概25萬台正在運送
01:29
to those and other children孩子,
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給那些其他的兒童,
01:32
and then there are another另一個 quarter25美分硬幣 of a million百萬 more
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而且還有另外25萬台
01:36
that are being存在 ordered有序 at this moment時刻.
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已經正被訂購中。
01:38
So, in rough numbers數字, there are a million百萬 laptops筆記本電腦.
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那麼,大概算來,這裡有100萬台筆記本。
01:40
That's smaller than I predicted預料到的 --
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那比我預測的要少 —
01:42
I predicted預料到的 three to 10 million百萬 --
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我預測的是300萬到1千萬台 —
01:44
but is still a very large number.
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不過這是一個十分大的數字。
01:46
In Colombia哥倫比亞, we have about 3,000 laptops筆記本電腦.
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在哥倫比亞,我們有大概3000台筆記本。
01:50
It's the Minister部長 of Defense防禦 with whom we're working加工,
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和我們所合作的是國防部長,
01:53
not the Minister部長 of Education教育, because it is seen看到 as
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而不是教育部長,因為這被看作是
01:56
a strategic戰略 defense防禦 issue問題
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一個戰術防禦問題
01:58
in the sense of liberating解放 these zones
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為着解放這些區域
02:03
that had been completely全然 closed關閉 off,
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那些完全被隔離的區域,
02:05
in which哪一個 the people who had been causing造成, if you will,
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而這些的人正是那些造成
02:09
40 years'年份' worth價值 of bombings爆炸 and kidnappings綁架
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40年之久的轟炸,綁架
02:13
and assassinations暗殺 lived生活.
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以及刺殺,並生還的人。
02:15
And suddenly突然,
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然後突然,
02:17
the kids孩子 have connected連接的 laptops筆記本電腦.
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那些小孩用筆記本聯繫起來了。
02:19
They've他們已經 leapfrogged一舉超越.
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他們超越了上一代。
02:21
The change更改 is absolutely絕對 monumental紀念,
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這個變化是絕對有紀念意義的,
02:25
because it's not just opening開盤 it up,
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因為這不僅僅是開放了,
02:27
but it's opening開盤 it up to the rest休息 of the world世界.
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而是對世界其他所有的地方開放了。
02:30
So yes, they're building建造 roads道路, yes, they're putting in telephone電話,
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所以,對了,他們將會建造公路,對,他們將會有電話,
02:32
yes, there will be television電視.
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對,那裡將會有電視。
02:34
But the kids孩子 six to 12 years年份 old
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但是6到12歲的小孩
02:36
are surfing衝浪 the Internet互聯網 in Spanish西班牙語 and in local本地 languages語言,
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卻是用西班牙語和當地語言在上網,
02:40
so the children孩子 grow增長 up
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所以兒童伴隨著
02:42
with access訪問 to information信息,
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通向知識的道路而長大,
02:44
with a window窗口 into the rest休息 of the world世界.
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通過一個通向其他世界的窗口。
02:47
Before, they were closed關閉 off.
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以前,他們是被封閉的。
02:49
Interestingly有趣的是 enough足夠, in other countries國家,
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有趣的是,在其他一些的國家,
02:51
it will be the Minister部長 of Finance金融 who sees看到 it
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財政部長會把這看作是
02:53
as an engine發動機 of economic經濟 growth發展.
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財政增長的動力。
02:57
And that engine發動機 is going to see the results結果 in 20 years年份.
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而且那是一個在20年後才會看到結果的動力。
03:01
It's not going to happen發生, you know, in one year,
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你知道,那是不會在1年裡看到結果的,
03:04
but it's an important重要, deeply economic經濟
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但是這是一個重要的,具有重大經濟意義的
03:07
and cultural文化 change更改
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文化改變
03:09
that happens發生 through通過 children孩子.
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一個通過兒童發生的變化。
03:12
Thirty-one三十一 countries國家 in total are involved參與,
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總共31個國家會參與進來,
03:14
and in the case案件 of Uruguay烏拉圭,
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就烏拉圭而言,
03:17
half the children孩子 already已經 have them,
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一半的兒童已經擁有了它們,
03:19
and by the middle中間 of 2009,
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而且在2009年中期,
03:22
every一切 single child兒童 in Uruguay烏拉圭 will have a laptop筆記本電腦 --
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烏拉圭的每一個兒童都會擁有一台筆記本 —
03:25
a little green綠色 laptop筆記本電腦.
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一台小巧的綠色筆記本。
03:27
Now what are some of the results結果?
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現在其中的一些結果是?
03:29
Some of the results結果
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其中的一些結果
03:31
that go across橫過 every一切 single country國家
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每一個國家都能觀察到
03:34
include包括 teachers教師 saying
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包括老師都說到
03:36
they have never loved喜愛 teaching教學 so much,
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他們從來沒有如此這樣熱愛教學過,
03:39
and reading comprehension理解
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沒有這樣熱愛閱讀理解
03:41
measured測量 by third第三 parties派對 -- not by us -- skyrockets一飛沖天.
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由第三方統計到的結果 — 不是我們自己 — 明顯飆升。
03:45
Probably大概 the most important重要 thing we see
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我們看到最重要的事情可能是
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is children孩子 teaching教學 parents父母.
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兒童在教育他們的家長。
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They own擁有 the laptops筆記本電腦. They take them home.
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他們有筆記本。他們把筆記本帶回家。
03:54
And so when I met會見 with three children孩子 from the schools學校,
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所以當我在學校裡遇到3個小孩,
03:57
who had traveled旅行 all day to come to Bogota波哥大,
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都是從波哥大經過一天路程而來,
04:01
one of the three children孩子 brought her mother母親.
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其中一個小孩帶來了她的母親。
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And the reason原因 she brought her mother母親
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她帶母親來的一個原因是
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is that this six-year-old六十歲 child兒童
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這個6歲的小孩
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had been teaching教學 her mother母親
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已經在教她的母親
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how to read and write.
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如何讀和寫。
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Her mother母親 had not gone走了 to primary school學校.
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她的母親沒有上過小學。
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And this is such這樣 an inversion逆溫,
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這是如此一個倒置,
04:18
and such這樣 a wonderful精彩 example
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一個如此美妙的例子
04:21
of children孩子 being存在 the agents代理 of change更改.
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小孩做為變化的推動者。
04:25
So now, in closing關閉, people say,
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所以現在,做為結尾,人們說到,
04:27
now why laptops筆記本電腦?
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現在為甚麼用筆記本?
04:29
Laptops筆記本電腦 are a luxury豪華; it's like giving them iPodsiPod播放器. No.
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筆記本就是一個奢侈品,這就像給他們 iPod 一樣。不行。
04:32
The reason原因 you want laptops筆記本電腦
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你們想要筆記本的原因是
04:34
is that the word is education教育, not laptop筆記本電腦.
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教育這個詞,而不是筆記本。
04:38
This is an education教育 project項目, not a laptop筆記本電腦 project項目.
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這是一個教育項目,不是一個筆記本項目。
04:41
They need to learn學習 learning學習. And then, just think --
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他們需要學會學習。然後,就像想一下 —
04:43
they can have, let's say, 100 books圖書.
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他們可以擁有,比如說,100本書。
04:45
In a village, you have 100 laptops筆記本電腦,
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在一個村莊裡,你有100本筆記本,
04:48
each with a different不同 set of 100 books圖書,
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每一個都被安放了100本不一樣的書籍,
04:51
and so that village suddenly突然 has 10,000 books圖書.
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這樣這個村莊就一下子有了10000書。
04:54
You and I didn't have 10,000 books圖書 when we went to primary school學校.
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在當你上小學的時候你可沒有10000書。
04:58
Sometimes有時 school學校 is under a tree,
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有時候學校就在一顆樹底下,
05:00
or in many許多 cases, the teacher老師 has only a fifth-grade五年級 education教育,
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或在許多情況下,老師只上了5年的學,
05:04
so you need a collaborative共同 model模型 of learning學習,
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所以你需要一個互相合作的學習模型,
05:07
not just building建造 more schools學校 and training訓練 more teachers教師,
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而不是去造更多的學校和訓練更多的老師。
05:09
which哪一個 you have to do anyway無論如何.
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這些也是你無論無何都要做的,
05:11
So we're once一旦 again doing "Give One, Get One."
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所以,我們又再一次發起了「送一台,買一台」運動。
05:14
Last year, we ran a "Give One, Get One" program程序,
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去年,我們發起了「送一台,買一台」計劃,
05:16
and it generated產生 over 100,000 laptops筆記本電腦
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並且創造了100,000台筆記本
05:20
that we were then able能夠 to give free自由.
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這些我們都可以用來免費送出去。
05:23
And by being存在 a zero-dollar零美元 laptop筆記本電腦,
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而且作為一個0美元筆記本,
05:25
we can go to countries國家 that can't afford給予 it at all.
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我們可以送到一些完全負擔不起的國家去。
05:28
And that's what we did. We went to Haiti海地,
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那也是我們已做到的。我們去了海地,
05:31
we went to Rwanda盧旺達, Afghanistan阿富汗,
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我們去了盧旺達,阿富汗。
05:33
Ethiopia埃塞俄比亞, Mongolia蒙古.
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埃塞俄比亞,蒙古。
05:36
Places地方 that are not markets市場,
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一些沒有市場的地方,
05:38
seeding播種 it with the principles原則 of
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用著飽和度,
05:41
saturation飽和, connectivity連接, low ages年齡, etc等等.
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連接性的,低年齡的,等等的原則去看待它。
05:44
And then we can actually其實 roll out large numbers數字.
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而且我們可以產生一些比較大的數字。
05:48
So think of it this way:
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所以這樣去看待它:
05:50
think of it as inoculating接種 children孩子
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就像和接種兒童一樣
05:53
against反對 ignorance無知.
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對無知、愚味的接種,
05:56
And think of the laptop筆記本電腦 as a vaccine疫苗.
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把筆記本當作是一種疫苗。
05:58
You don't vaccinate接種疫苗 a few少數 children孩子.
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你不僅僅為少許的兒童去接種防疫。
06:00
You vaccinate接種疫苗 all the children孩子 in an area.
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你是為一個地區的所有兒童發放疫苗。
Translated by Halei Liu
Reviewed by Calvin Chun-yu Chan

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nicholas Negroponte - Tech visionary
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world.

Why you should listen

A pioneer in the field of computer-aided design, Negroponte founded (and was the first director of) MIT's Media Lab, which helped drive the multimedia revolution and now houses more than 500 researchers and staff across a broad range of disciplines. An original investor in Wired (and the magazine's "patron saint"), for five years he penned a column exploring the frontiers of technology -- ideas that he expanded into his 1995 best-selling book Being Digital. An angel investor extraordinaire, he's funded more than 40 startups, and served on the boards of companies such as Motorola and Ambient Devices.

But his latest effort, the One Laptop per Child project, may prove his most ambitious. The organization is designing, manufacturing and distributing low-cost, wireless Internet-enabled computers costing roughly $100 and aimed at children. Negroponte hopes to put millions of these devices in the hands of children in the developing world.

More profile about the speaker
Nicholas Negroponte | Speaker | TED.com