TED2002
Emily Levine: A theory of everything
艾蜜莉·萊文: 一個喜劇演員的萬物理論
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哲學戲劇演員，艾蜜莉·萊文（詼諧地）談論科學、數學、社會與萬物之間的關聯。她是一個聰穎的喜劇演員，敲打着我們固有的想法並帶出很多隱藏的真相。坐好了嗎，她要出擊了。
Emily Levine - Philosopher-comic
Humorist, writer and trickster Emily Levine riffs on science and the human condition. Full bio
Humorist, writer and trickster Emily Levine riffs on science and the human condition. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I am going to talk about myself,
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我將談一下我自己
00:15
which I rarely do, because I --
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我很少這樣做，因為我 --
00:18
well for one thing, I prefer to talk about things I know nothing about.
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一方面，更喜歡談論我所不了解的事
00:23
And secondly, I'm a recovering narcissist.
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其次，我是一個正在復原的自戀狂。
00:28
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
00:30
I didn't know I was a narcissist actually.
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其實以前我不知道我是自戀狂。
00:32
I thought narcissism meant you loved yourself.
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我認為自戀是代表愛自己。
00:35
And then someone told me there is a flip side to it.
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後來，有人告訴我它其實有另外一個意思。
00:37
So it's actually drearier than self-love;
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而且比愛自己更令人沮喪。
00:39
it's unrequited self-love.
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它是指對自己單相思。
00:42
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
00:46
I don't feel I can afford a relapse.
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我覺得我無法承受這種舊疾復發
00:49
But I want to, though, explain
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但我想說的是
00:52
how I came to design my own particular brand of comedy
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我是怎麼創建我獨特的喜劇品牌的
00:55
because I've been through so many different forms of it.
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因為我經歷過太多不同類型的喜劇。
00:57
I started with improvisation,
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我起步於即興創作。
00:59
in a particular form of improvisation called theater games,
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即興創作中有一種特殊的形式叫劇場遊戲。
01:03
which had one rule,
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它有一個規則，
01:05
which I always thought was a great rule for an ethic for a society.
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而且我認為這個規則是對社會很好的一個道德規範，
01:08
And the rule was, you couldn't deny the other person's reality,
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那就是，你不能夠否認他人現實的世界，
01:12
you could only build on it.
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你只能基於此再行創作。
01:14
And of course we live in a society that's all about
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當然，我們活在一個充滿著
01:17
contradicting other peoples' reality.
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與他人存在矛盾的社會。
01:19
It's all about contradiction,
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這一切都和矛盾有關
01:21
which I think is why I'm so sensitive to contradiction in general.
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這也是為什麼我對矛盾這麼敏感的緣故
01:24
I see it everywhere.
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它無所不在。
01:26
Like polls. You know, it's always curious to me
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例如投票，讓我覺得好奇的是
01:29
that in public opinion polls
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在公開的調查裡
01:31
the percentage of Americans who don't know the answer to any given question
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在任何題目中不知道答案的美國人
01:35
is always two percent.
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總是佔百分之二
01:37
75 percent of Americans
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百分之七十五的美國人
01:40
think Alaska is part of Canada.
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認為阿拉斯加是加拿大的一部分
01:42
But only two percent don't know the effect
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但只有百分之二的人不知道
01:45
that the debacle in Argentina will have on the IMF's monetary policy --
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阿根廷政府垮臺對國際貨幣基金組織政策的影響
01:50
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:51
seems a contradiction.
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這是很矛盾的。
01:54
Or this ad that I read in the New York Times:
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或者說我在《紐約時報》上看到的這則廣告：
01:57
"Wearing a fine watch speaks loudly of your rank in society.
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“配戴一款精緻的手錶展現了你的社會地位
02:01
Buying it from us screams good taste."
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向我們購買手錶體現你的品味。”
02:04
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:06
Or this that I found in a magazine called California Lawyer,
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還有我在《加州律师》雜誌上看到的這篇文章，
02:09
in an article that is surely meant for the lawyers at Enron.
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這絕對是寫給安然公司(Enron)的律師看的：
02:13
"Surviving the Slammer: Do's and Don'ts."
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《監獄存活須知》
02:17
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:18
"Don't use big words."
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“不要使用過大空泛的字眼”
02:20
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:21
"Learn the lingua franca."
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學一些通用的語言。
02:24
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:31
Yeah. "Lingua this, Frankie."
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是的，說些通俗話吧。
02:33
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:36
And I suppose it's a contradiction that I
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而我認為這有些矛盾
02:39
talk about science when I don't know math.
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我不了解數學，卻談論科學
02:43
You know, because -- and by the way to I was so grateful to Dean Kamen
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因為，順道一提我非常感謝狄恩卡門(Dean Kamen)
02:46
for pointing out that one of the reasons,
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他指出女性和少數族群
02:48
that there are cultural reasons
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較少涉入科學和技術領域
02:50
that women and minorities don't enter the fields of science and technology --
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其中一個原因有文化的因素在内
02:54
because for instance, the reason I don't do math is,
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是因為，舉例來說，我不擅長數學的原因是
02:57
I was taught to do math and read at the same time.
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我被教導著要同時學習數學與閱讀
03:01
So you're six years old, you're reading Snow White and the Seven Dwarves,
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當你六歲時，你閱讀著《白雪公主與七個小矮人》
03:04
and it becomes rapidly obvious
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越來越顯而易見
03:06
that there are only two kinds of men in the world:
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只有兩種男人存在於世界上
03:08
dwarves and Prince Charmings.
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小矮人與白馬王子
03:10
And the odds are seven to one against your finding the prince.
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而你找到白馬王子的機率是一比七
03:13
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:16
That's why little girls don't do math. It's too depressing.
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這就是為何小女孩不愛算術，因爲太令人沮喪了。
03:19
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:25
Of course, by talking about science
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當然，談論科學
03:27
I also may, as I did the other night,
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也可能，像我某個晚上的演講一樣
03:29
incur the violent wrath of some scientists
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讓某些科學家產生了一些憤怒的情緒
03:33
who were very upset with me.
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他們對我感到非常不高興
03:36
I used the word postmodern as if it were OK.
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我使用了“后現代”這個詞，我以爲不會有什麽問題的，
03:41
And they got very upset.
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他們非常的沮喪
03:44
One of them, to his credit, I think really just wanted to engage me
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其中的一個科學家，他真的很想要與我辯論
03:47
in a serious argument.
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某個嚴肅的論點
03:49
But I don't engage in serious arguments.
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但我不和人在嚴肅的議題上爭論
03:52
I don't approve of them
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我不贊同爭論
03:54
because arguments, of course, are all about contradiction,
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因為爭論本身，當然，都跟矛盾有關。
03:57
and they're shaped by the values that I have questions with.
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並且他們是由價值觀來塑造的
03:59
I have questions with the values of Newtonian science,
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我對於牛頓科學的價值產生懷疑
04:03
like rationality. You're supposed to be rational in an argument.
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例如理性，你在一個爭論中必須是要理性的
04:07
Well rationality is constructed
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不過，理性是被建造在
04:09
by what Christie Hefner was talking about today,
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如Christie Hefner所談及的
04:12
that mind-body split, you know?
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心靈跟身體是分離之上
04:14
The head is good, body bad.
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頭腦是好的，身體是壞的
04:17
Head is ego, body id.
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頭腦是自我，身體是本我
04:19
When we say "I," -- as when Rene Descartes said,
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當我們說我--如勒內 笛卡爾說
04:21
"I think therefore I am," --
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我思故我在
04:24
we mean the head.
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我們指的是頭腦
04:26
And as David Lee Roth sang in "Just a Gigolo,"
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當David Lee Roth 唱著"我只是個牛郎"
04:29
"I ain't got no body."
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"我不是沒有好身材"
04:32
That's how you get rationality.
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這正是你如何得到理性的
04:36
And that's why so much of humor
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這也正是為何有這麼多的幽默
04:38
is the body asserting itself against the head.
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都是身體自身在反抗頭腦
04:42
That's why you have toilet humor and sexual humor.
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這也是為何有洗手間笑話和黃色笑話
04:45
That's why you have the Raspyni Brothers
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這也是為何Raspyni Brothers(同是喜劇演員)
04:47
whacking Richard in the genital area.
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在性方面打敗了理查
04:51
And we're laughing doubly then
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我們大聲笑著
04:53
because he's the body, but it's also --
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因為他既是身體，但也是--
04:56
Voice offstage: Richard.
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理查(另外一個人說)
04:57
Emily Levine: Richard. What did I say?
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我剛說了什麼？
04:59
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
05:00
Richard. Yes but it's also the head,
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理查，是的，但同時也是
05:02
the head of the conference.
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TED TALK的發起人
05:05
That's the other way that humor --
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這是幽默展現的另一種方式
05:07
like Art Buchwald takes shots at the heads of state.
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正像Art Buchwald 挖苦美國領袖一樣
05:11
It doesn't make quite as much money as body humor I'm sure --
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但我確定它沒有比身體幽默來的收入多
05:14
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
05:16
but nevertheless, what makes us treasure you and adore you.
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但即便如此，這讓我們珍視你並崇拜你
05:19
There's also a contradiction in rationality in this country though,
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然而，理性的矛盾還是存在於這個國家
05:23
which is, as much as we revere the head,
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那就是當我們尊重頭腦時
05:26
we are very anti-intellectual.
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我們同時也是反菁英的
05:28
I know this because I read in the New York Times,
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我知道這點是因為我在紐約時報上讀到
05:32
the Ayn Rand foundation took out a full-page ad
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安．蘭德基金會用一個全幅廣告
05:35
after September 11,
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在911過後
05:37
in which they said, "The problem is not Iraq or Iran,
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寫道"問題並非在伊拉克或伊朗
05:41
the problem in this country, facing this country
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這個國家要面對的問題
05:45
is the university professors and their spawn."
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是大學教授們與他們的爪牙"
05:48
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
05:56
So I went back and re-read "The Fountainhead."
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所以我回去再次重讀《泉源》(Ayn Rand著)
05:58
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
06:00
I don't know how many of you have read it.
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我不知道你們有沒有看過這本書
06:02
And I'm not an expert on sadomasochism.
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我不是受虐的專家
06:06
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
06:07
But let me just read you a couple of random passages from page 217.
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但讓我為你們讀在217頁的隨意的幾個片段
06:12
"The act of a master
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"主人在行為上
06:14
taking painful contemptuous possession of her,
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痛苦與藐視的對她佔有
06:17
was the kind of rapture she wanted.
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這正是她想要的那種狂喜
06:19
When they lay together in bed it was,
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當他們一起躺在床上時
06:22
as it had to be, as the nature of the act demanded,
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好像天經地義，這種本質是
06:25
an act of violence.
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一種暴力的舉動
06:28
It was an act of clenched teeth and hatred. It was the unendurable.
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這種舉動具有咬牙切齒的恨意，並且是令人無法忍受的
06:32
Not a caress, but a wave of pain.
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它並不是一種愛撫，而是一連串的痛苦
06:35
The agony as an act of passion."
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這種痛楚是一種激情的行動"
06:38
So you can imagine my surprise
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所以你可以想像我有多吃驚
06:40
on reading in The New Yorker
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當我在《紐約客》上讀到
06:43
that Alan Greenspan, Chairman of the Federal Reserve,
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Alan Greenspan 美國聯邦準備理事會主席
06:46
claims Ayn Rand as his intellectual mentor.
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聲稱Ayn Rand是他的智慧導師
06:49
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
06:52
It's like finding out your nanny is a dominatrix.
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這就好像發現了你保母是虎姑婆一樣。
06:55
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
06:57
Bad enough we had to see J. Edgar Hoover in a dress.
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這就好像是看到了約翰‧胡佛(前聯邦調查局局長)穿裙子一樣
07:01
Now we have to picture Alan Greenspan
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現在我們還得去想像Alan Greenspan(現任美國聯準會主席)
07:03
in a black leather corset, with a butt tattoo that says,
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穿著黑色皮革馬甲，屁股上有著刺青然，說著
07:05
"Whip inflation now."
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“快鞭打通貨膨脹吧！”
07:07
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
07:15
And Ayn Rand of course, Ayn Rand
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當然，Ayn Rand
07:17
is famous for a philosophy called Objectivism,
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是非常有名的一個哲學是客觀主義，
07:19
which reflects another value of Newtonian physics,
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剛好對照了牛頓物理學的另一個價值
07:22
which is objectivity.
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就是客觀性
07:24
Objectivity basically is constructed
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客觀性基本上是被建立
07:27
in that same S&M way.
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在和S(被虐) 與M(虐人)同等的方式上
07:30
It's the subject subjugating the object.
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它是主觀征服客觀
07:33
That's how you assert yourself.
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這也是你如何聲稱你自己
07:35
You make yourself the active voice.
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你讓自己成為主動語態
07:37
And the object is the passive no-voice.
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而客觀是被動語態
07:40
I was so fascinated by that Oxygen commercial.
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我對Oxygen的廣告極有興趣
07:43
I don't know if you know this but --
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我不知道你們知不知道但--
07:47
maybe it's different now, or maybe you were making a statement --
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或許現在不同了，或許你心裡也有想法
07:50
but in many hospital nurseries across the country,
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但在許多醫院的幼兒室裡
07:53
until very recently anyway, according to a book by Jessica Benjamin,
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直到最近，根據潔西卡-班傑明書上說的
07:57
the signs over the little boys cribs read,
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小男孩嬰兒床旁的牌子寫著
08:00
"I'm a boy,"
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"我是一個男孩。"
08:02
and the signs over the little girls cribs read,
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而小女孩的則是寫著
08:04
"It's a girl." Yeah.
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"它是一個女孩。" 是的
08:07
So the passivity was culturally
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這種被動性將文化意涵
08:11
projected onto the little girls.
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投射到了小女孩身上
08:13
And this still goes on as I think I told you last year.
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而這持續發生著，去年
08:16
There's a poll that proves --
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有個調查證實了
08:18
there was a poll that was given by Time magazine,
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由時代雜誌舉辦了一個調查
08:22
in which only men were asked, "Have you ever had sex
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受測者只有男性，他們被問到"是否曾和你不喜歡的
08:25
with a woman you actively disliked?"
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女性有過性行為?"
08:29
And well, yeah.
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當然，是的
08:31
Well, 58 percent said yes,
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百分之58回答是
08:33
which I think is overinflated though
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我認為這是太過誇張
08:35
because so many men if you just say,
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因為很多男人，如果你只有問
08:37
"Have you ever had sex ... " "Yes!"
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"你是否曾有過性..." "有！"
08:39
They don't even wait for the rest of it.
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他們根本不等問題問完
08:41
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
08:44
And of course two percent did not know whether they'd had --
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當然，還有百分之2的人根本不知道他們是否曾--
08:47
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
08:50
That's the first callback,
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這是第一個回籠笑話。
08:52
of my attempted quadruple.
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我打算說四個。
08:54
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
08:57
So this subject-object thing,
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所以主觀-客觀這東西，
09:00
is part of something I'm very interested in
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也是我非常關注的
09:03
because this is why, frankly, I believe in political correctness.
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因為這也是為何我相信政治正確的原因
09:09
I do. I think it can go too far.
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我相信， 我覺得它會太過分。
09:11
I think Ringling Brothers may have gone too far
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我覺得Ringling Brothers他們就太過了
09:14
with an ad they took out in the New York Times Magazine.
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在《紐約時報》雜誌裡他們放了一個廣告
09:16
"We have a lifelong emotional and financial
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“我們對我們的亞洲象夥伴
09:19
commitment to our Asian Elephant partners."
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有終身情感上與經濟上的承諾。”
09:23
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
09:25
Maybe too far. But you know --
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或許太過分，但你知道--
09:27
I don't think that
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我認為
09:32
a person of color making fun of white people
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有色人種取笑白種人
09:34
is the same thing as a white person making fun of people of color.
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和白種人取笑有色人種是不一樣的
09:37
Or women making fun of men is the same as men making fun of women.
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就像女性取笑男性與男性取笑...也是不一樣
09:41
Or poor people making fun of rich people, the same as rich people.
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或者窮人取笑富人和富人取笑窮人...
09:43
I think you can make fun of the have but not the have-nots,
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我認為你可以開擁有者的玩笑，但不能開貧乏者的玩笑
09:46
which is why you don't see me making fun of
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這也是為什麼你沒有看到我取笑
09:49
Kenneth Lay and his charming wife.
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肯尼思 萊 還有他迷人的妻子
09:52
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
09:53
What's funny about being down to four houses?
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剩下四棟房子有什麼可笑的？
09:56
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
09:58
And I really learned this lesson
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我真的學到了一課
10:01
during the sex scandals of the Clinton administration or,
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在柯林頓的性醜聞時期
10:05
Or as I call them, the good ol' days.
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或者，我稱他們為，美好的舊日時光
10:07
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
10:10
When people I knew, you know, people who considered themselves liberal,
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當人們認為他們自己是自由主義者
10:13
and everything else,
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或者其它政治信仰時
10:16
were making fun of Jennifer Flowers and Paula Jones.
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取笑珍妮佛 或者 寶拉瓊斯(柯林頓緋聞女友)
10:19
Basically, they were making fun of them for being
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基本上他們在取笑是
10:23
trailer trash or white trash.
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住拖車的窮人或白人垃圾
10:26
It seems, I suppose, a harmless prejudice
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這看起來是一個無傷大雅的偏見
10:29
and that you're not really hurting anybody.
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你並不是真的在傷害誰
10:31
Until you read, as I did, an ad in the Los Angeles Times.
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直到你像我一樣，在《洛杉磯時報》上讀到
10:36
"For sale: White trash compactor."
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”出售：白色垃圾（白人垃圾）壓縮機“
10:40
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
10:48
So this whole subject-object thing
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所以這主觀-客觀的議題
10:51
has relevance to humor in this way.
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跟幽默之間的關係是這樣的
10:55
I read a book by a woman named Amy Richlin,
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我讀了Amy Richlin的著作
10:59
who is the chair of the Classics department at USC.
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她是南加州古典系的系主任
11:02
And the book is called "The Garden of Priapus."
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那本書名為《男性繁殖神(Priapus)的花園》
11:04
And she says that Roman humor
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而她指出羅馬式幽默其實
11:08
mirrors the construction of Roman society.
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反映了羅馬的社會結構
11:12
So that Roman society was very top/bottom,
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所以羅馬社會從上到下
11:15
as ours is to some degree.
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和我們有某種程度的相似
11:17
And so was humor.
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就和幽默一樣
11:19
There always had to be the butt of a joke.
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總是有梗
11:21
So it was always the satirist,
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所以總是有諷刺作家，
11:24
like Juvenal or Martial,
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像Juvenal 或Marshall這些人
11:27
represented the audience,
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娛樂觀眾
11:30
and he was going to make fun of the outsider,
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開他人的玩笑
11:33
the person who didn't share that subject status.
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取笑那些沒有在同等主觀地位上的人
11:37
And in stand-up of course,
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獨角喜劇更是如此
11:40
the stand-up comedian is supposed to dominate the audience.
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獨角喜劇演員要更能控制住觀眾
11:44
A lot of heckling is the tension
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在一堆質問中，張力的產生是指
11:47
of trying to make sure that the
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確認
11:50
comedian is going to be able to dominate,
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喜劇演員是否能夠控制的住
11:53
and overcome the heckler.
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一堆來挑釁、亂入的人
11:57
And I got good at that when I was in stand up.
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當我是獨角喜劇演員時，這部份我掌控的很好
11:59
But I always hated it because they were
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但我很討厭這點，因為那
12:01
dictating the terms of the interaction,
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支配著互動的關係
12:04
in the same way that engaging in a serious argument
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就像是在嚴肅的爭論裡
12:07
determines the content, to some degree,
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內容被決定好了是一樣的
12:10
of what you're talking about.
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你被決定好要說什麼
12:12
And I was looking for a form
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而我在尋找一個形式
12:15
that didn't have that.
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是沒有這部份的
12:17
And so I wanted something that was more interactive.
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所以我想要的是更互動的
12:24
I know that word is so debased now
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當然這個字現在是有爭議性的
12:28
by the use of it by Internet marketers.
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網路行銷者經常使用這個字
12:32
I really miss the old telemarketers now, I'll tell you that.
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我真懷念以前的電話推銷員，我等等再解釋
12:36
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
12:37
I do, because at least there you stood a chance. You know?
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我真的懷念，因為你至少還有個機會。你知道嗎？
12:39
I used to actually hang up on them.
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我以前經常掛斷他們的電話
12:43
But then I read in "Dear Abby" that that was rude.
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但後來我在Dear Abby的專欄上看到那是非常沒禮貌的
12:45
So the next time that one called
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所以下次有推銷員打來
12:48
I let him get halfway through his spiel and then I said,
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我先讓他高談闊論一番然後我說
12:50
"You sound sexy."
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“你的聲音性感極了”
12:52
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
12:56
He hung up on me!
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他竟然掛我電話！
12:58
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
13:06
But the interactivity allows the audience
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但互動允許觀眾
13:09
to shape what you're going to do as much as
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影響你下一步就像
13:12
you shape their experience of the world.
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你帶給他們的感受是一樣的
13:16
And that's really what I'm looking for.
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這是我正在尋找的
13:18
And I was sort of, as I was starting to analyze
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而我開始分析自己
13:21
what exactly it is that I do,
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到底在做什麼的時候
13:23
I read a book called "Trickster Makes This World," by Lewis Hyde.
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我看到了Lewis Hyde的一本書，叫做《喜劇表演者形塑這個世界》
13:28
And it was like being psychoanalyzed.
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它就好像是精神治療一般
13:30
I mean he had laid it all out.
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赤裸裸的暴露
13:32
And then coming to this conference,
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然後今天在這裡
13:34
I realized that most everybody here
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我了解大部分的人
13:37
shared those same qualities
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都享有某種共同的特質
13:39
because really what trickster is
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因為喜劇演員是
13:41
is an agent of change.
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一個產生變化的媒介(agent)
13:43
Trickster is a change agent.
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喜劇演員就是一個變化的媒介
13:45
And the qualities that I'm about to describe
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我所要描述的這個特質
13:47
are the qualities that make it possible
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就是能夠讓他
13:50
to make change happen.
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改變的特質
13:52
And one of these is boundary crossing.
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其中的一項就是越界
13:56
I think this is what so, in fact, infuriated the scientists.
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我想這就是，事實上惹怒了那些科學家
13:59
But I like to cross boundaries.
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但我喜歡越界
14:01
I like to, as I said, talk about things I know nothing about.
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我喜歡，正如我說，談論那些我不知道的事物
14:05
(Phone Ringing)
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(電話聲響起)
14:07
I hope that's my agent,
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我希望那是我的經紀人(agent)
14:10
because you aren't paying me anything.
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因為你沒有給我任何報酬
14:12
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
14:14
And I think it's good to talk about things I know nothing about
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正如我所想，談論我不知道的事物是好的
14:17
because I bring a fresh viewpoint to it, you know?
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因為我帶來的是一種全新的觀點
14:19
I'm able to see the contradiction
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我可以看見這種矛盾
14:21
that you may not be able to see.
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是或許你所無法看見的
14:23
Like for instance a mime once --
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像有一次，一個默劇
14:25
or a meme as he called himself.
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據他稱他自己為"默劇演員”/“自私”（meme“默劇演員”與mean“自私吝嗇”同音）
14:27
He was a very selfish meme.
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他是一個非常自私的默劇演員
14:31
And he said that I had to show more respect
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他說我必須尊重他些
14:35
because it took up to 18 years
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因為他花了18年
14:37
to learn how to do mime properly.
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去成為一個優秀的默劇演員
14:40
And I said, "Well, that's how you know only stupid people go into it."
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而我說，嗯，你知道愚蠢的人才會這樣做吧
14:44
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
14:45
It only takes two years to learn how to talk.
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因為學會講話只需要兩年的時間
14:48
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
14:52
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
14:54
And you know people, this is the problem with
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你知道，這就是
14:57
quote, objectivity, unquote.
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所謂的“客觀性”的問題所在
14:59
When you're only surrounded by people
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當你四周都是
15:01
who speak the same vocabulary as you,
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和你使用著相同詞彙的人
15:03
or share the same set of assumptions as you,
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或者和你有同樣想法的人
15:06
you start to think that that's reality.
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你就會覺得這是真實世界
15:09
Like economists, you know, their definition of rational,
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像經濟學家，大家知道，他們的對理性的定義是
15:12
that we all act out of our own economic self-interest.
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在經濟上我們都是利己主義的
15:16
Well, look at Michael Hawley,
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然而，看看Michale Hawley
15:18
or look at Dean Kamen,
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或者Dean Kamen(發明機械手臂)
15:20
or look at my grandmother.
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或者是我祖母
15:22
My grandmother always acted in other people's interests,
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我祖母總是為他人付出
15:25
whether they wanted her to or not.
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不管別人需不需要
15:27
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
15:29
If they had had an Olympics in martyrdom,
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如果他們有殉難的奧林匹克競賽
15:32
my grandmother would have lost on purpose.
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我祖母一定會故意輸掉
15:34
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
15:41
"No, you take the prize.
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"不，你拿獎吧。
15:43
You're young. I'm old. Who's going to see it?
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你還年輕，我已經老了，誰會看到這個獎
15:45
Where am I going? I'm going to die soon."
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我拿它幹嘛，我半隻腳都已踏進棺材裡了“
15:47
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
15:50
So that's one -- this boundary crossing,
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這正是越界的例子之一
15:53
this go-between which --
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有個
15:55
Fritz Lanting, is that his name,
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叫Fritz Lanting的人說
15:57
actually said that he was a go-between.
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他自己就是個中間人
15:59
That's an actual quality of the trickster.
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這正是喜劇演員的特質
16:01
And another is, non-oppositional strategies.
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另外一個是不反抗策略
16:05
And this is instead of contradiction.
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這和矛盾剛好是相反的
16:08
Where you deny the other person's reality,
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你否認了他人存在的現實
16:11
you have paradox
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你自相矛盾
16:13
where you allow more than one reality to coexist,
333
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你允許多個現實存在共存
16:16
I think there's another philosophical construction.
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我覺得這裡還有一種哲學建構
16:20
I'm not sure what it's called.
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我不太確定它被稱為什麼
16:23
But my example of it is a sign that I saw in a jewelry store.
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但有一次我在珠寶店看到一個標誌
16:26
It said, "Ears pierced while you wait."
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上面寫道"等人時，耳洞已經穿好了"
16:30
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
16:34
There the alternative just boggles the imagination.
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這樣的選擇真讓人不敢想像
16:37
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
16:39
"Oh no. Thanks though, I'll leave them here. Thanks very much.
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"不，謝謝。我把我的耳朵留在這裡好了，真感謝你
16:42
I have some errands to run. So I'll be back to pick them up
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我還有些事要做，我等等再把他們拿回去
16:45
around five, if that's OK with you.
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五點左右可以嗎？
16:48
Huh? Huh? What? Can't hear you."
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啥？啥？什麼？我聽不見！”
16:50
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
16:56
And another attribute of the trickster
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另外一個喜劇演員的特質是
16:58
is smart luck.
347
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幸運
17:01
That accidents, that Louis Kahn, who talked about accidents,
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意外，Louis Kahn曾說過意外
17:05
this is another quality of the trickster.
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是喜劇演員的另外一項特質
17:07
The trickster has a mind that is prepared for the unprepared.
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喜劇演員的心靈是為了突發狀況而準備的
17:12
That, and I will say this to the scientists,
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我會對科學家們說
17:16
that the trickster has the ability to hold
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喜劇演員是有能力
17:20
his ideas lightly
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看輕自己的想法的
17:22
so that he can let room in for new ideas
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所以他才能夠容納新的想法
17:26
or to see the contradictions or the hidden problems
355
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或者是發現矛盾之處、隱藏問題
17:29
with his ideas.
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在他的想法裡
17:31
I had no joke for that.
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這部份我沒有開玩笑
17:33
I just wanted to put the scientists in their place.
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我只想要消遣一下科學家
17:36
(Laughter)
359
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(笑聲)
17:41
But here's how I think I like to make change,
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但這是為何我喜歡改變
17:45
and that is in making connections.
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就是利用創造關連去產生改變
17:47
This is what I tend to see
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這是我想要知道的
17:49
almost more than contradictions.
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矛盾之外的東西
17:51
Like the, what do you call those toes of the gecko?
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例如，你們怎麼稱呼壁虎的腳趾的？
17:55
You know, the toes of the gecko,
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你知道的，壁虎的趾頭
17:57
curling and uncurling like the fingers of Michael Moschen.
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像Michael Moschen那樣或彎或直的手指
18:01
I love connections.
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我愛關連
18:03
Like I'll read that one of the two attributes
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像我讀在牛頓宇宙說中
18:05
of matter in the Newtonian universe --
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物質兩種特性中的一種
18:08
there are two attributes of matter in the Newtonian universe --
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牛頓宇宙說中物質具有兩種特性
18:11
one is space occupancy. Matter takes up space.
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一個是空間佔有性，事物會佔據空間
18:14
I guess the more you matter the more space you take up,
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我想你得事務越多，你使用的空間也愈多
18:17
which explains the whole SUV phenomenon.
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這解釋了SUV(運動休旅車)現象
18:19
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
18:22
And the other one though is impenetrability.
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還有另外一個特性是無法穿透性
18:25
Well, in ancient Rome, impenetrability
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在古羅馬，主動交配
18:28
was the criterion of masculinity.
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是衡量男子氣概的標準
18:31
Masculinity depended on you
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男子氣概取決於
18:33
being the active penetrator.
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成為一個主動者(在性方面)
18:36
And then, in economics, there's an active producer
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在經濟方面，這裡有主動的生產者
18:40
and a passive consumer,
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及被動的消費者
18:42
which explains why business always has to
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這解釋了為何生意總是
18:44
penetrate new markets.
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需要一直『進入』新市場
18:47
Well yeah, I mean why we forced China
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嗯，我指為何我們要強迫中國
18:49
to open her markets.
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開放她的市場
18:52
And didn't that feel good?
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那感覺多好阿，是吧？
18:54
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
18:57
And now we're being penetrated.
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而現在換我們被『進入』了
18:59
You know the biotech companies are actually going inside us
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你知道生技公司正在『進入』我們
19:02
and planting their little flags on our genes.
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並在我們的基因上插上他們的旗幟
19:05
You know we're being penetrated.
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換我們被『進入』了
19:07
And I suspect, by someone who actively dislikes us.
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而且我懷疑是某些不喜歡我們的人做的
19:10
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
19:14
That's the second of the quadruple.
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這是我第二次向前回應
19:17
Yes of course you got that. Thank you very much.
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當然你知道的，謝謝大家
19:19
I still have a way to go.
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但我還沒講完
19:21
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
19:25
And what I hope to do, when I make these connections,
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我希望的是，當我創造了這些關連
19:28
is short circuit people's thinking.
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會成為人們思維的捷徑
19:32
You know, make you not follow your usual
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讓你不要照著一貫的
19:35
train of association,
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思路來思考
19:37
but make you rewire.
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而是幫你重新整理思路
19:40
It literally -- when people say about the shock of recognition,
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從字面上來看當人們說到認知的衝擊時
19:43
it's literally re-cognition, rewiring how you think --
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其實是重新認知，並且重構思路 --
19:53
I had a joke to go with this and I forgot it.
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我本來有個關於這個的笑話，但我忘記了
19:56
I'm so sorry. I'm getting like
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抱歉，我現在比較像
19:59
the woman in that joke about --
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那個笑話裡的女人 --
20:01
have you heard this joke about the woman driving with her mother?
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你們有聽過有一個女人跟她母親一起開車的笑話嗎？
20:04
And the mother is elderly.
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母親年紀大了
20:06
And the mother goes right through a red light.
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母親有次闖了紅燈
20:08
And the daughter doesn't want to say anything.
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女兒沒說什麼
20:11
She doesn't want to be like, "You're too old to drive."
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因為她不想說 "妳太老，不適合開車" 這樣的話
20:14
And the mother goes through a second red light.
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然後母親再次闖了紅燈
20:17
And the daughter says, as tactfully as possible,
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女兒盡量巧妙地說
20:20
"Mom, are you aware that you just went through two red lights?"
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"媽，妳知道妳剛闖了第二個紅燈了嗎"
20:24
And the mother says, "Oh! Am I driving?"
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然後母親回答"喔！我在開車嗎？"
20:27
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
20:33
And that's the shock of recognition
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這就是在重新認知的衝擊上
20:35
at the shock of recognition.
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對於重新認知的衝擊
20:37
That completes the quadruple.
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四次向前回應都說完了。
20:40
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
20:42
I just want to say two more things.
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還有兩件事情我要說的
20:46
One is, another characteristic of trickster
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其一是，另一個喜劇演員的特性是
20:50
is that the trickster has to
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喜劇演員必須
20:52
walk this fine line.
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在一線之間
20:54
He has to have poise.
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保持平衡
20:56
And you know the biggest hurdle for me,
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對我而言最大的瓶頸是
20:59
in doing what I do,
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做我做的
21:01
is constructing my performance
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就是建構表演
21:03
so that it's prepared and unprepared.
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在準備充分的與毫無預備中
21:06
Finding the balance between those things
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在這之中找尋一個平衡點
21:09
is always dangerous
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總是危險的
21:11
because you might tip off too much in the direction of unprepared.
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因為你可能會朝毫無預備的那個方向傾斜
21:14
But being too prepared doesn't leave room
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但如果準備太充分
21:17
for the accidents to happen.
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就沒有辦法讓意外發生了
21:19
I was thinking about what Moshe Safdie
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我之前在想Moshe Safdie昨日說的
21:24
said yesterday about beauty
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關於美
21:26
because in his book, Hyde says that
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因為在他書上，他說
21:30
sometimes trickster can tip over into beauty.
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有時喜劇演員有時候太沉浸在美麗中
21:35
But to do that you have to
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但這樣做你必須
21:38
lose all the other qualities
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捨棄其他的特質
21:40
because once you're into beauty
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因為一旦當你愛上了美麗
21:42
you're into a finished thing.
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你就愛上了一個完成品
21:44
You're into something that
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你愛上了一個
21:46
occupies space and inhabits time.
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佔據空間並且佔據時間的東西
21:48
It's an actual thing.
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它是真實的
21:50
And it is always extraordinary to see a thing of beauty.
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看到美好的東西是很棒的
21:55
But if you don't do that,
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但如果你不這麼做
21:57
if you allow for the accident to keep on happening,
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但如果你繼續允許意外發生
22:01
you have the possibility of getting on a wavelength.
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你就有進入一個波長的可能
22:04
I like to think of what I do as a probability wave.
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我喜歡想像自己是一個機率波
22:11
When you go into beauty the probability wave
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當你愛上美好時，這個機率波
22:13
collapses into one possibility.
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只瓦解在一種可能性上
22:16
And I like to explore all the possibilities
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而我想要尋求所有可能性
22:19
in the hope that you'll be on the wavelength of your audience.
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和觀眾的波長達成一致
22:24
And the one final quality I want to say about trickster is
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最後一個關於喜劇演員的特質是
22:27
that he doesn't have a home.
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他沒有家
22:29
He's always on the road.
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他總是四處流浪
22:31
I want to say to you Richard, in closing,
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我想對Richard說
22:35
that in TED you've created a home.
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你在TED創建了一個家
22:41
And thank you for inviting me into it.
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謝謝你邀請我來
22:43
Thank you very much.
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非常感謝
22:45
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Emily Levine - Philosopher-comicHumorist, writer and trickster Emily Levine riffs on science and the human condition.
Why you should listen
Humorist Emily Levine works a heady vein of humor, cerebral and thoughtful as well as hilarious. Oh, she's got plenty of jokes. But her work, at its core, makes serious connections -- between hard science and pop culture, between what we say and what we secretly assume ... She plumbs the hidden oppositions, the untouchable not-quite-truths of the modern mind.
Levine's background in improv theater, with its requirement to always say "yes" to the other actor's reality, has helped shape her worldview. Always suspicious of sharp either/or distinctions, she proposes "the quantum logic of and/and" -- a thoroughly postmodern, scientifically informed take on life that allows for complicated states of being. Like the one we're in right now.
For more on Levine's thoughts about life and death, read her blog, "The Yoy of Dying," at EmilysUniverse.com, along with updates on "Emily @ the Edge of Chaos" and pronouncements from Oracle Em.
Emily Levine | Speaker | TED.com