ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juliana Machado Ferreira - Biologist
Brazilian-born biologist Juliana Machado Ferreira wants, simply, to save the world one bird at a time. She is a TED Senior Fellow.

Why you should listen

TED Senior Fellow Juliana Machado Ferreira is pursuing her doctorate in Conservation Genetics at the Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology and Vertebrate Conservation (LABEC) at São Paulo University. Her current project involves developing species-specific molecular markers and population genetics studies of four passerine birds, with the aim to understand the distribution of their genetic variability and to track down the origin of birds seized from illegal trade.

She works closely with the National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory, and her ultimate goal is to help set up a Wildlife Forensics Laboratory in Brazil.

Read a Q&A with Juliana on the TED Fellows site >>

More profile about the speaker
Juliana Machado Ferreira | Speaker | TED.com
TED2010

Juliana Machado Ferreira: The fight to end rare-animal trafficking in Brazil

茱莉安娜•馬沙杜•費雷拉:奮戰!終止巴西稀有動物非法買賣!

Filmed:
372,009 views

生物學家茱莉安娜•馬沙杜•費雷拉(她是 TED 長年榮譽會員)向我們說明她的工作:幫忙拯救在巴西被盜捕的野生鳥類及其他動物。她提出了一個問題,從走私者手中救出這些動物後,接下來呢?
- Biologist
Brazilian-born biologist Juliana Machado Ferreira wants, simply, to save the world one bird at a time. She is a TED Senior Fellow. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Illegal非法 wildlife野生動物 trade貿易 in Brazil巴西
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在巴西的非法野生動物交易
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is one of the major重大的 threats威脅 against反對 our fauna動物區系,
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是動物界的主要威脅之一,
00:22
especially特別 birds鳥類,
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尤其是鳥類,
00:24
and mainly主要 to supply供應 the pet寵物 market市場
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主要用來供應寵物市場。
00:27
with thousands數千 of animals動物 taken採取 from nature性質 every一切 month,
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每個月都有上千隻動物從大自然中被盜捕,
00:31
and transported far from their origins起源,
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然後被運到遠離原生地的地區,
00:34
to be sold出售 mainly主要 in Rio里約熱內盧 de Janeiro里約熱內盧 and São Paulo聖保羅.
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主要是販賣到里約熱內盧還有聖保羅。
00:38
It is estimated預計 that
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據估計,
00:40
all kinds of illegal非法 wildlife野生動物 trade貿易 in Brazil巴西
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在巴西,每年將近有三千八百萬隻的野生動物
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withdraw收回 from nature性質
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被盜捕
00:45
almost幾乎 38 million百萬 animals動物 every一切 year,
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並非法販售,
00:49
a business商業 worth價值 almost幾乎 two billion十億 dollars美元.
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市價高達 20 億美金。
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The police警察 intercepts攔截
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警方攔截下
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these huge巨大 cargos貨物 with live生活 animals動物,
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這些裝有野生動物的大貨櫃,
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intended to supply供應 the pet寵物 market市場,
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牠們原本是要用來供應寵物市場的,
01:01
or they seize搶占 the animals動物 directly from the people's人們 houses房屋,
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警方也會直接從這些人的家中帶回走私動物。
01:05
and this is how we end結束 up, every一切 month,
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這就是我們每個月都要面對的狀況,
01:08
with thousands數千 of seized animals動物.
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上千隻被收容的動物。
01:12
And for us to understand理解 what happens發生 with them,
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為了讓我們更了解在這些動物身上發生的事,
01:14
we're going to follow跟隨 Brad布拉德.
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我們將跟著布萊德看下去。
01:18
In the eyes眼睛 of many許多 people,
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在許多人眼裡,
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after the animals動物 are seized,
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動物被收容後,
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they say, "Yay好極了, justice正義 has been served提供服務.
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他們會說「太好了!正義得以伸張!
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The good guys arrived到達,
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英雄抵達,
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took the cute可愛, mistreated虐待 animals動物
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將這些被虐待的可愛動物
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from the hands of the evil邪惡 traffickers人販子,
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從邪惡的盜補者手中帶走,
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and everyone大家 lived生活 happily高高興興 ever after."
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從此動物們就過著幸福快樂的生活。」
01:36
But did they? Actually其實, no,
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但真是如此嗎?事實上並非如此。
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and this is where many許多 of our problems問題 begin開始.
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這反而是我們所面臨到的許多問題的開端,
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Because we have to figure數字 out
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因為我們必須找出
01:43
what to do with all these animals動物.
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處置這些動物的方法。
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In Brazil巴西, they are usually平時 first sent發送
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在巴西當地,
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to governmental政府 triage分流 facilities設備,
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動物通常會被送到政府設的醫療機構,
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in which哪一個 most of the cases,
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而在這裡,大部分動物所面臨的狀況
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the conditions條件 are as bad as
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就跟在盜賣者手中的狀況
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with the traffickers人販子.
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一樣糟糕。
01:57
In 2002, these centers中心 received收到
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這些機構在 2002 年接收了
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45,000 animals動物,
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四萬五千隻動物,
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of which哪一個 37,000 were birds鳥類.
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其中有三萬七千隻是鳥類。
02:06
And the police警察 estimates估計 that we seize搶占
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警方估計我們所救獲的數量
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only five percent百分 of what's being存在 trafficked販賣.
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只是被盜賣的百分之五。
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Some lucky幸運 ones那些 -- and among其中 them, Brad布拉德 --
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其中有些較幸運的動物,像是布萊德,
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go to serious嚴重 rehabilitation復原 centers中心 after that.
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獲救之後被送到了較好的療養機構。
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And in these places地方 they are cared照顧 for.
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牠們在這些地方會被細心看護。
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They train培養 their flying飛行,
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人們訓練牠們飛行,
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they learn學習 how to recognize認識 the food餐飲 they will find in nature性質,
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牠們也在這邊學會辨認能再大自然中取得的食物
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and they are able能夠 to socialize應酬
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牠們還能夠與其他同類
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with others其他 from the same相同 species種類.
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進行社交行為。
02:31
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
02:33
But then what?
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但接下來呢?
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The Brazil巴西 Ornithological鳥類 Society社會 --
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巴西的鳥類協會,
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so now we're talking only birds鳥類 --
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我們現在只有針對鳥類在討論,
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claims索賠 that we have too little knowledge知識
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聲稱我們對於這些在大自然的物種
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about the species種類 in nature性質.
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瞭解太少。
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Therefore因此, it would be too risky有風險
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因此,若將這些鳥類野放,
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to release發布 these animals動物,
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是相當冒險的,
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both for the released發布 and for the natural自然 populations人群.
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不論是對被野放的鳥或在大自然中的原有族群。
02:53
They also claim要求 that we spend too many許多 resources資源
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他們也聲稱我們耗費太多資源
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in their rehabilitation復原.
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在這些鳥類的療養復健上。
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Following以下 this argument論據,
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基於這個論點,
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they suggest建議 that all the birds鳥類
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他們建議將所有救回
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seized from non-threatened非威脅 species種類
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但未瀕臨絕種的鳥類
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should be euthanized安樂死.
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安樂死。
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However然而, this would mean having killed殺害
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然而,這意味著要殺掉
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26,267 birds鳥類,
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26,267 隻鳥,
03:15
only in the state of São Paulo聖保羅, only in 2006.
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這只是單單在 2006 年的聖保羅。
03:20
But, some researchers研究人員, myself included包括 --
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但有些研究者,包含我在內,
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some NGOs非政府組織 and some people from the Brazilian巴西人 government政府 --
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一些非政府組織,還有來自巴西政府的一些人,
03:28
believe there is an alternative替代.
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都深信還有一個選擇。
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We think that if and when the animals動物 meet遇到
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我們認為,當這些動物符合
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certain某些 criteria標準 concerning關於 their health健康,
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某些健康上,行為上的標準,
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behavior行為, inferred推斷 origin起源
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推斷出其來源地,
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and whatever隨你 we know about the natural自然 populations人群,
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以及我們對該物種野生族群所知的事物,
03:43
then technically技術上 responsible主管 releases發布 are possible可能,
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那麼就技術面上來說,負責任的野放是有可能的。
03:47
both for the well-being福利 of the individual個人,
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不僅是為了個體的生存,
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and for the conservation保護 of the species種類 and their ecosystems生態系統,
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也為了該物種和生態系統的保育。
03:54
because we will be returning回國 genes基因 for these populations人群 --
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因為我們將歸還基因到野生族群中,
03:58
which哪一個 could be important重要 for them
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這對牠們可能是相當重要的,
04:00
in facing面對 environmental環境的 challenges挑戰 --
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尤其當面臨到環境變遷時。
04:03
and also we could be returning回國
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我們可能也同時保留了
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potential潛在 seed種子 dispersers分散, predators大鱷, preys獵物, etc等等.
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潛在的種子傳播者,狩獵者或獵物等等。
04:11
All of these were released發布 by us.
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這些都是由我們所完成的。
04:13
On the top最佳, the turtles海龜 are just enjoying享受 freedom自由.
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在上方,你可以看到烏龜正享受著自由。
04:15
(Laughter笑聲)
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在中間,
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On the middle中間,
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這傢伙在野放後幾個星期就築了一個巢。
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this guy nested嵌套 a couple一對 of weeks after the release發布.
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下方則是我個人的最愛,
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And on the bottom底部, my personal個人 favorite喜愛,
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在那邊的雄鳥,
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the little male over there,
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在野放後四個小時,
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four hours小時 after his release發布
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已跟另一隻雌鳥在一起。
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he was together一起 with a wild野生 female.
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這不是新鮮事,
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So, this is not new, people have been
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全世界的人都正做著這樣的事情,
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doing this around the world世界.
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但在巴西,這仍極具爭議性。
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But it's still a big issue問題 in Brazil巴西.
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我們相信我們已做到了
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We believe we have performed執行
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負責任的野放。
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responsible主管 releases發布.
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我們記錄到野放的鳥類在野外配對成功
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We've我們已經 registered註冊 released發布 animals動物 mating交配 in nature性質
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並養育幼鳥。
04:47
and having chicks小雞.
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所以,這些基因真的有回歸到原有的族群中。
04:49
So, these genes基因 are indeed確實 going back to the populations人群.
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然而這仍是極少數的案例,
04:54
However然而 this is still a minority少數民族
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因為我們在這方面的知識仍然不足。
04:56
for the very lack缺乏 of knowledge知識.
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所以我說,讓我們更進一步地研究,讓我們一起多關注這個議題,
04:59
So, I say, "Let's study研究 more, let's shed light on this issue問題,
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讓我們一起竭盡所能地努力。
05:02
let's do whatever隨你 we can."
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我將我的事業貢獻在這方面。
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I'm devoting費盡 my career事業 to that.
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而我今天在這裡,要呼籲你們之中的每一個人
05:06
And I'm here to urge敦促 each and every一切 one of you
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去做你能力所及的任何事,
05:09
to do whatever隨你 is in your reach達到:
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告訴你的鄰居,教導你的小孩,
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Talk to your neighbor鄰居, teach your children孩子,
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確認你的寵物是來自合法的飼育者。
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make sure your pet寵物 is from a legal法律 breeder飼養員.
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我們需要行動,現在就馬上行動!
05:17
We need to act法案, and act法案 now,
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在這些物種消逝前!
05:20
before these ones那些 are the only ones那些 left.
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謝謝!
05:23
Thank you very much.
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(掌聲)
05:25
(Applause掌聲)
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Translated by Jing Yao
Reviewed by Bill Hsiung

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juliana Machado Ferreira - Biologist
Brazilian-born biologist Juliana Machado Ferreira wants, simply, to save the world one bird at a time. She is a TED Senior Fellow.

Why you should listen

TED Senior Fellow Juliana Machado Ferreira is pursuing her doctorate in Conservation Genetics at the Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology and Vertebrate Conservation (LABEC) at São Paulo University. Her current project involves developing species-specific molecular markers and population genetics studies of four passerine birds, with the aim to understand the distribution of their genetic variability and to track down the origin of birds seized from illegal trade.

She works closely with the National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory, and her ultimate goal is to help set up a Wildlife Forensics Laboratory in Brazil.

Read a Q&A with Juliana on the TED Fellows site >>

More profile about the speaker
Juliana Machado Ferreira | Speaker | TED.com