ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jacqueline Novogratz - Investor and advocate for moral leadership
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty.

Why you should listen

Jacqueline Novogratz writes: "I want to build a movement in which we define success based on the amount of human energy we release in the world.

"I started my career on Wall Street and soon discovered that markets are efficient, but by themselves they too often overlook or exploit the poor. So I moved to Rwanda in 1986 to help found the country’s first micro-finance bank. There I saw the humanitarian ethos of philanthropy, and also how often top-down solutions too often create dependency, the opposite of dignity. Through 30 years of working on solutions to poverty, I have come to redefine it for myself, seeing it not as how much income a person earns, but how free they are to make their own choices and decisions, how much agency they have over their own lives.

Acumen was founded to change the way the world tackles poverty in 2001. Our mission was simple – to raise philanthropy and invest it as patient capital – long-term investment in intrepid entrepreneurs willing to go where markets and government had failed the poor. We enable companies to experiment and fail, never wavering from a commitment to stand with the poor, yet understanding that profitability is necessary for sustainable solutions. We’ve invested more than $110M across South Asia, Africa, Latin America and the US, and have seen entire sectors disrupted and hundreds of millions served.

The work also taught that it was critical to invest in talent. To date, we’ve supported nearly 400 Acumen Fellows across lines of race, class, ethnicity, religion and ideology. They are a beautiful group, full of vision and grit, and a determination to do what is right, not easy. The group itself enables individual leaders to endure the loneliness that is part of the work.

And then we measure what matters rather than just what we can count. Take this all together and you see our mission to do what it takes to build a world in which all of us have the chance to dream and to flourish, not from a place of easy sentimentality but through a commitment to using the tools of capitalism and the attributes of moral leadership to focus on doing what it takes, and no less.

More profile about the speaker
Jacqueline Novogratz | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2005

Jacqueline Novogratz: Invest in Africa's own solutions

Jacqueline Novogratz 在結束貧窮上投資

Filmed:
1,016,168 views

Jacueline Novogratz 贊許全球對非洲貧窮的關心,但也提倡新的脫貧方法。
- Investor and advocate for moral leadership
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:25
I want to start開始 with a story故事, a la Seth賽斯 Godin戈丁,
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我從一個有Godin (註:行銷學大師)味道的故事開始
00:28
from when I was 12 years年份 old.
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在我十二歲的時候
00:30
My uncle叔叔 Ed埃德 gave me a beautiful美麗 blue藍色 sweater毛線衣 --
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我的叔叔艾德給了我一件漂亮的藍色毛衣
00:33
at least最小 I thought it was beautiful美麗.
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至少我認爲挺漂亮的
00:35
And it had fuzzy模糊 zebras斑馬 walking步行 across橫過 the stomach,
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在腹部這裡有很炫的斑馬
00:38
and Mount安裝 Kilimanjaro乞力馬扎羅山 and Mount安裝 Meru梅魯 were kind of
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胸部則有吉利馬扎儸山和梅魯山為背景
00:41
right across橫過 the chest胸部, that were also fuzzy模糊.
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這也是很炫的。
00:43
And I wore穿著 it whenever每當 I could,
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我到哪裏都穿著這件毛衣
00:44
thinking思維 it was the most fabulous極好 thing I owned擁有的.
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我覺得這是我得到最棒的東西
00:47
Until直到 one day in ninth第九 grade年級,
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直到我九年級的有一天
00:49
when I was standing常設 with a number of the football足球 players玩家.
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我跟一些足球隊的人站在一起
00:52
And my body身體 had clearly明確地 changed, and Matt馬特 MussolinaMussolina,
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我當時已經發育,身體有了變化
00:56
who was undeniably無可否認 my nemesis復仇者 in high school學校,
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我高中的死對頭 Matt Mussolina
01:00
said in a booming繁榮 voice語音 that
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用很大的聲音說:
01:01
we no longer had to go far away to go on ski滑雪 trips旅行,
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以後我們不需要去山上滑雪了
01:05
but we could all ski滑雪 on Mount安裝 Novogratz諾沃格拉茨.
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就在你胸前的這座山滑就好了。
01:07
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:08
And I was so humiliated羞辱 and mortified羞愧
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我真是羞愧得快死了
01:11
that I immediately立即 ran home to my mother母親 and chastised責備 her
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我立刻跑回家並責怪我媽
01:15
for ever letting出租 me wear穿 the hideous可怕 sweater毛線衣.
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她不該讓我穿這件衣服出去丟臉
01:16
We drove開車 to the Goodwill善意 and we threw the sweater毛線衣 away
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我們開車去把毛衣送到Goodwill的舊衣回收
01:19
somewhat有些 ceremoniously隆重,
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象徵性地,
01:21
my idea理念 being存在 that I would never have to think about the sweater毛線衣
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我想說我不會再看到這件毛衣
01:24
nor也不 see it ever again.
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這件事就從此過去了。
01:25
Fast快速 forward前鋒 -- 11 years年份 later後來, I'm a 25-year-old-歲 kid孩子.
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十一年後,我25歲
01:29
I'm working加工 in Kigali基加利, Rwanda盧旺達, jogging跑步 through通過 the steep slopes連續下坡,
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我在盧安達的奇佳利工作,有一天在慢跑
01:36
when I see, 10 feet in front面前 of me, a little boy男孩 -- 11 years年份 old --
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突然看到一個11歲的小男孩,在我10尺前
01:40
running賽跑 toward me, wearing穿著 my sweater毛線衣.
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向我跑過來,竟穿著我那件毛衣
01:43
And I'm thinking思維, no, this is not possible可能.
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我想了想,不會吧,這不可能
01:45
But so, curious好奇, I run up to the child兒童 -- of course課程
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但是,在好奇心的驅使下,我攔下他
01:49
scaring驚嚇 the living活的 bejesusbejesus out of him --
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把他嚇歪了
01:51
grab him by the collar, turn it over, and there is my name名稱
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我抓著他的衣領,翻過來一看,
01:54
written書面 on the collar of this sweater毛線衣.
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果然上面寫著我的名字。
01:56
I tell that story故事, because it has served提供服務 and continues繼續 to serve服務
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我講這個故事,因爲這是個很好的例子
02:01
as a metaphor隱喻 to me about the level水平 of connectedness連通
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説明了在這個地球上
02:05
that we all have on this Earth地球.
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我們是如何的緊密地連在一起。
02:07
We so often經常 don't realize實現 what our action行動 and our inaction無為
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我們通常沒有認知到,我們的一舉一動
02:11
does to people we think we will never see and never know.
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對不認識的人的影響。
02:15
I also tell it because it tells告訴 a larger contextual上下文 story故事
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放遠一點看,這個例子也説明了
02:18
of what aid援助 is and can be.
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援助計劃的内容和作用。
02:20
That this traveled旅行 into the Goodwill善意 in Virginia弗吉尼亞州,
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這件衣服被放到 Goodwill 的舊衣回收點
02:24
and moved移動 its way into the larger industry行業,
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再匯集到舊衣回收業裏
02:27
which哪一個 at that point was giving millions百萬 of tons of secondhand二手 clothing服裝 to Africa非洲 and Asia亞洲.
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當時幾百萬噸的二手衣會送到亞洲、非洲。
02:31
Which哪一個 was a very good thing, providing提供 low cost成本 clothing服裝.
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提供便宜的衣服,這不是壞事。
02:35
And at the same相同 time, certainly當然 in Rwanda盧旺達,
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但在同一時間,至少在盧安達
02:37
it destroyed銷毀 the local本地 retailing零售業 industry行業.
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這些衣服卻也摧毀了當地的成衣業。
02:39
Not to say that it shouldn't不能 have,
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我不是說我們不該回收舊衣
02:41
but that we have to get better at answering回答 the questions問題
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而是我們應該提供更全面性的解答
02:44
that need to be considered考慮 when we think about consequences後果
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該想清楚可能帶來的後果
02:47
and responses回复.
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和回應。
02:49
So, I'm going to stick in Rwanda盧旺達, circa大約 1985, 1986,
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再回來談談盧安達,1985,1986年左右
02:54
where I was doing two things.
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我在那裏做兩件事
02:55
I had started開始 a bakery麵包店 with 20 unwed獨身 mothers母親.
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我和20個未婚媽媽開了一間麵包店
02:58
We were called the "Bad News新聞 Bears," and our notion概念 was
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叫做“壞消息大熊”
03:00
we were going to corner the snack小吃 food餐飲 business商業 in Kigali基加利,
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我們想要壟斷奇佳利的點心市場
03:03
which哪一個 was not hard because there were no snacks小吃 before us.
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這並不難,因爲在那之前並沒有點心店。
03:07
And because we had a good business商業 model模型, we actually其實 did it,
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因爲我們成功的商業模式,我們也的確辦到了
03:10
and I watched看著 these women婦女 transform轉變 on a micro-level微觀層面.
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我也看到這些婦女們身上的轉變。
03:12
But at the same相同 time, I started開始 a micro-finance小額信貸 bank銀行,
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同一時間我創辦了一間小額信貸銀行
03:15
and tomorrow明天 Iqbal伊克巴爾 Quadir奎德 is going to talk about Grameen格萊珉,
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明天Iqbal Quadir 會跟大家談到Garmeen
03:18
which哪一個 is the grandfather祖父 of all micro-finance小額信貸 banks銀行,
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這是所有小額信貸銀行的祖宗
03:21
which哪一個 now is a worldwide全世界 movement運動 -- you talk about a meme米姆 --
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現在已經是全球性的活動
03:24
but then it was quite相當 new, especially特別 in an economy經濟
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但在當時還是很新的概念,
03:27
that was moving移動 from barter物物交換 into trade貿易.
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特別是在以物易物的經濟環境裏
03:30
We got a lot of things right.
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我們作對了很多事
03:32
We focused重點 on a business商業 model模型; we insisted堅持 on skin皮膚 in the game遊戲.
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我們強調自我投資
03:35
The women婦女 made製作 their own擁有 decisions決定 at the end結束 of the day
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這些婦女們可以自己做決定
03:38
as to how they would use this access訪問 to credit信用
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自己決定如何使用這些貸款
03:40
to build建立 their little businesses企業, earn more income收入
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來建立自己的小事業,賺更多的錢
03:43
so they could take care關心 of their families家庭 better.
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來好好照顧自己的家庭。
03:46
What we didn't understand理解, what was happening事件 all around us,
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我們那時沒了解的是,在我們的周圍
03:50
with the confluence合流 of fear恐懼, ethnic民族 strife爭吵
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充斥的恐懼、種族衝突
03:57
and certainly當然 an aid援助 game遊戲, if you will, that was playing播放 into
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還有這個兒戲一般的援助計劃
04:02
this invisible無形 but certainly當然 palpable明顯的 movement運動 inside Rwanda盧旺達,
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雖然看不到卻垂手可得
04:08
that at that time, 30 percent百分 of the budget預算 was all foreign國外 aid援助.
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當時盧安達的預算,30%是國際援助。
04:11
The genocide種族滅絕 happened發生 in 1994,
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這些婦女開始一起工作
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seven years年份 after these women婦女 all worked工作 together一起
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來實現夢想,七年以後
04:15
to build建立 this dream夢想.
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1994年發生了種族大屠殺。
04:17
And the good news新聞 was that the institution機構,
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幸好的是,
04:19
the banking銀行業 institution機構, lasted歷時.
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銀行在大屠殺其間沒被破壞。
04:21
In fact事實, it became成為 the largest最大 rehabilitation復原 lender貸款人 in the country國家.
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後來還變成了重建期最大的貸方。
04:25
The bakery麵包店 was completely全然 wiped out,
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麵包店已經被完全摧毀
04:27
but the lessons教訓 for me were that accountability問責 counts計數 --
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但我也學到了,重要的是:
04:32
got to build建立 things with people on the ground地面,
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要在當地和人們一起建設
04:34
using運用 business商業 models楷模 where, as Steven史蒂芬 Levitt萊維特 would say,
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如 Steven Levitt 說的,
04:37
the incentives獎勵 matter.
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使用適用于當地的商業模式。
04:39
Understand理解, however然而 complex複雜 we may可能 be, incentives獎勵 matter.
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要去了解,雖然不是那麽容易,當地的動機。
04:43
So when Chris克里斯 raised上調 to me how wonderful精彩 everything
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當 Chris 跟我提到說,現在世上發生的一些事
04:47
that was happening事件 in the world世界,
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是多麽的美好,
04:49
that we were seeing眼看 a shift轉移 in zeitgeist時代精神,
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我們正在目睹時代的轉變
04:51
on the one hand I absolutely絕對 agree同意 with him,
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一方面我很同意他的說法
04:53
and I was so thrilled高興 to see what happened發生 with the G8 --
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我很興奮地看到G8峰會裏
04:56
that the world世界, because of people like Tony托尼 Blair布萊爾 and Bono波諾
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有了像布萊爾(Tony Blair)、波諾(Bono)、
05:00
and Bob短發 Geldof格爾多夫 -- the world世界 is talking about global全球 poverty貧窮;
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Bob Geldof 這樣的人,大家注意到了全球貧窮的問題
05:04
the world世界 is talking about Africa非洲
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也談論到了非洲的問題
05:06
in ways方法 I have never seen看到 in my life.
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這是我活到現在第一次看到的。
05:08
It's thrilling驚險.
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真是令人興奮。
05:09
And at the same相同 time, what keeps保持 me up at night
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另一方面,我還是擔心
05:12
is a fear恐懼 that we'll look at the victories勝利 of the G8 --
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大家滿足于G8的勝利
05:16
50 billion十億 dollars美元 in increased增加 aid援助 to Africa非洲,
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500億美元援非
05:19
40 billion十億 in reduced減少 debt債務 -- as the victory勝利,
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400億美元的債務消除
05:22
as more than chapter章節 one, as our moral道德 absolution赦免.
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當作我們道德良心恕罪的完結篇。
05:26
And in fact事實, what we need to do is see that as chapter章節 one,
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事實上,我們要把這當作第一章
05:30
celebrate慶祝 it, close it, and recognize認識 that we need a chapter章節 two
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慶祝、了結後,開始寫第二章
05:34
that is all about execution執行, all about the how-to如何.
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第二章是有關執行的方法論
05:37
And if you remember記得 one thing from what I want to talk about today今天,
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我今天的演講你們要是只想記得一件事
05:40
it's that the only way to end結束 poverty貧窮, to make it history歷史,
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那就請你們記得:要終結貧窮
05:44
is to build建立 viable可行 systems系統 on the ground地面
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就要在當地建立可以持久的系統
05:47
that deliver交付 critical危急 and affordable實惠 goods產品 and services服務 to the poor較差的,
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來提供重要而不貴的商品和服務給貧苦人家
05:51
in ways方法 that are financially經濟 sustainable可持續發展 and scaleable可擴展性.
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並在財務上可大可小、源遠流長。
05:54
If we do that, we really can make poverty貧窮 history歷史.
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如果我們能辦到,那才是真正地終結貧窮。
05:57
And it was that -- that whole整個 philosophy哲學 --
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在這樣的理念下
06:00
that encouraged鼓勵 me to start開始 my current當前 endeavor努力
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我開始了目前的奮鬥
06:04
called "Acumen敏銳 Fund基金,"
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叫做Acumen基金會
06:06
which哪一個 is trying to build建立 some mini-blueprints迷你藍圖
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我要試著在巴基斯坦、
06:08
for how we might威力 do that in water, health健康 and housing住房
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印度、肯亞、坦桑尼亞、埃及、
06:11
in Pakistan巴基斯坦, India印度, Kenya肯尼亞, Tanzania坦桑尼亞 and Egypt埃及.
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作一些水利、健康、住房試驗的小計劃。
06:14
And I want to talk a little bit about that, and some of the examples例子,
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我想多談談這些計劃、例子
06:19
so you can see what it is that we're doing.
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你們才可以看出我們在幹什麽。
06:21
But before I do this -- and this is another另一個 one of my pet寵物 peeves眼中釘 --
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但是,還有一點讓我個人覺得特別受不了的
06:24
I want to talk a little bit about who the poor較差的 are.
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我想先從“窮人”的定義談起
06:26
Because we too often經常 talk about them as these
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我們常常覺得“窮人”是這一大堆
06:30
strong強大, huge巨大 masses群眾 of people yearning懷念 to be free自由,
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一大票想要獲得自由的人
06:33
when in fact事實, it's quite相當 an amazing驚人 story故事.
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但是,背後事實上是令人吃驚的故事。
06:38
On a macro level水平, four billion十億 people on Earth地球 make less than four dollars美元 a day.
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就宏觀的角度看來,地球上有40億的人每天花不到4美元。
06:43
That's who we talk about when we think about "the poor較差的."
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這是我們想要討論的對象
06:45
If you aggregate骨料 it, it's the third第三 largest最大 economy經濟 on Earth地球,
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你如果把他們加在一起,他們是世界的第三大國
06:48
and yet然而 most of these people go invisible無形.
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然而大部分的人是沒有聲音的
06:51
Where we typically一般 work, there's people making製造 between之間
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在我們服務的地方
06:53
one and three dollars美元 a day.
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有人一天只花一到三美元。
06:55
Who are these people?
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他們是誰?
06:57
They are farmers農民 and factory workers工人.
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他們是農夫和工廠工人
07:00
They work in government政府 offices辦事處. They're drivers司機.
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他們是公務員,司機
07:02
They are domestics國貨.
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或是家庭勞務提供者。
07:05
They typically一般 pay工資 for critical危急 goods產品 and services服務 like water,
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對於水電、醫藥、住房等重要項目
07:08
like healthcare衛生保健, like housing住房, and they pay工資 30 to 40 times
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跟他們同國的中產階級比起來
07:12
what their middleclass中產階級 counterparts同行 pay工資 --
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他們得多付出30到40倍的支出
07:14
certainly當然 where we work in Karachi卡拉奇 and Nairobi內羅畢.
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特別是在卡拉蚩、奈洛比等地方。
07:18
The poor較差的 also are willing願意 to make, and do make, smart聰明 decisions決定,
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窮人們也願意去做聰明的決策
07:22
if you give them that opportunity機會.
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如果你給他們機會的話。
07:24
So, two examples例子.
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這裡有兩個例子:
07:26
One is in India印度, where there are 240 million百萬 farmers農民,
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第一個在印度,印度2.4億的農夫
07:29
most of whom make less than two dollars美元 a day.
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大部分每人每天只有2美金的花費
07:31
Where we work in Aurangabad奧蘭加巴德, the land土地 is extraordinarily異常 parched.
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在我們工作的Aurangabad,土地是十分的乾燥
07:35
You see people on average平均 making製造 60 cents to a dollar美元.
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一般的人平均只能賺到60美分到一美元
07:38
This guy in pink is a social社會 entrepreneur企業家 named命名 Ami阿美 Tabar塔巴爾.
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這個穿粉紅色襯衫的企業家叫Ami Tabar
07:42
What he did was see what was happening事件 in Israel以色列, larger approaches方法,
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他參考了以色列的農耕方式
07:45
and figure數字 out how to do a drip irrigation灌溉,
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用很精確的灌溉管道
07:48
which哪一個 is a way of bringing使 water directly to the plant stock股票.
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把水引到植物的根部。
07:53
But previously先前 it's only been created創建 for large-scale大規模 farms農場,
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但是以前這是用於大規模的農業
07:56
so Ami阿美 Tabar塔巴爾 took this and modularized模塊化 it down to an eighth第八 of an acre英畝.
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Ami Tabar 把這套系統縮小到適用于8英畝的地
08:01
A couple一對 of principles原則:
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有以下幾條準則
08:03
build建立 small.
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用小規格
08:05
Make it infinitely無限地 expandable擴張 and affordable實惠 to the poor較差的.
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讓窮人買得起也預留以後的擴張性。
08:07
This family家庭, Sarita薩里塔 and her husband丈夫, bought a 15-dollar-美元 unit單元
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這家人,Sarita 和她先生花15美金買了這一套
08:12
when they were living活的 in a -- literally按照字面 a three-walled三壁 lean-to
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當時他們住在家徒四壁的
08:15
with a corrugated瓦楞 iron roof屋頂.
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破鐵皮屋頂下。
08:18
After one harvest收成, they had increased增加 their income收入 enough足夠
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經過一年的收穫,他們有了足夠的收入
08:22
to buy購買 a second第二 system系統 to do their full充分 quarter-acre四分之一英畝.
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又買了第二套,擴充到4英畝。
08:25
A couple一對 of years年份 later後來, I meet遇到 them.
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幾年後,我又遇到他們
08:27
They now make four dollars美元 a day, which哪一個 is pretty漂亮 much middle中間 class for India印度,
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他們現在一天賺4美金,幾乎是印度中產階級的水準
08:30
and they showed顯示 me the concrete具體 foundation基礎 they had just laid鋪設
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他們也帶我看了為了房子
08:35
to build建立 their house.
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剛鋪下的水泥地基。
08:36
And I swear發誓, you could see the future未來 in that woman's女人的 eyes眼睛.
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你真的可以在她的眼裏看到未來。
08:39
Something I truly believe.
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我也真的如此相信。
08:41
You can't talk about poverty貧窮 today今天 without talking about malaria瘧疾 bed nets,
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在今天談到貧窮就不能不提瘧疾和蚊帳
08:44
and I again give Jeffrey杰弗裡 Sachs薩克斯 of Harvard哈佛
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再一次地我要把這榮耀
08:47
huge巨大 kudos榮譽 for bringing使 to the world世界
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歸給哈佛的Jeffrey Sachs教授,感謝他
08:50
this notion概念 of his rage憤怒 -- for five dollars美元 you can save保存 a life.
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在全球到處推廣“5美金救一命” 的活動。
08:54
Malaria瘧疾 is a disease疾病 that kills殺死 one to three million百萬 people a year.
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瘧疾每年可以奪走1到3百萬條人命
08:58
300 to 500 million百萬 cases are reported報導.
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並造成3到5億的受害者
09:00
It's estimated預計 that Africa非洲 loses失去
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據估計每年在非洲
09:02
about 13 billion十億 dollars美元 a year to the disease疾病.
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瘧疾造成130億美金的損害。
09:04
Five dollars美元 can save保存 a life.
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5美元可以救一條命。
09:06
We can send發送 people to the moon月亮; we can see if there's life on Mars火星 --
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我們可以送人到月球,或是去看火星上有沒有生命
09:09
why can't we get five-dollar五美元 nets to 500 million百萬 people?
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為什麽不送給5億人一個5美金的蚊帳?
09:13
The question, though雖然, is not "Why can't we?"
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問題不在於,爲什麽我們不做
09:16
The question is how can we help Africans非洲人 do this for themselves他們自己?
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而在於,我們該如何幫助非洲人自己生産?
09:21
A lot of hurdles障礙.
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有幾道障礙
09:22
One: production生產 is too low. Two: price價錢 is too high.
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一:產量太低。二:價格太高。
09:25
Three: this is a good road in -- right near where our factory is located位於.
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三:這是我們工廠附近的一條“好路”。
09:30
Distribution分配 is a nightmare惡夢, but not impossible不可能.
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運輸是一場噩夢,但不是不可能。
09:33
We started開始 by making製造 a 350,000-dollar-美元 loan貸款
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我們從一筆35萬美金的貸款開始
09:37
to the largest最大 traditional傳統 bed net manufacturer生產廠家 in Africa非洲
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借給非洲最大傳統蚊帳工廠
09:39
so that they could transfer轉讓 technology技術 from Japan日本
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使他們能從日本做科技轉移
09:44
and build建立 these long-lasting持久的, five-year五年 nets.
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來生產這種耐用五年的蚊帳。
09:46
Here are just some pictures圖片 of the factory.
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這裡是一些工廠的照片。
09:48
Today今天, three years年份 later後來, the company公司 has employed就業
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三年後,在今天這公司已雇用
09:51
another另一個 thousand women婦女.
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一千名的女工。
09:54
It contributes有助於 about 600,000 dollars美元 in wages工資 to the economy經濟 of Tanzania坦桑尼亞.
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為坦桑尼亞的經濟提供了60萬美元的工資
09:59
It's the largest最大 company公司 in Tanzania坦桑尼亞.
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成了坦桑尼亞最大的公司。
10:01
The throughput吞吐量 rate right now is 1.5 million百萬 nets,
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生産量為150萬張蚊帳
10:04
three million百萬 by the end結束 of the year.
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到年底會達到3百萬。
10:06
We hope希望 to have seven million百萬 at the end結束 of next下一個 year.
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我們希望到明年底可以達到7百萬。
10:09
So the production生產 side is working加工.
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在生産面上是還可以
10:11
On the distribution分配 side, though雖然,
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但是產品運輸上
10:12
as a world世界, we have a lot of work to do.
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我們還有很多工作要做。
10:14
Right now, 95 percent百分 of these nets are being存在 bought by the U.N.,
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現在95%的蚊帳是聯合國買去的
10:18
and then given特定 primarily主要 to people around Africa非洲.
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再轉送給非洲其他的人。
10:22
We're looking at building建造
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我們希望能善用
10:24
on some of the most precious珍貴 resources資源 of Africa非洲: people.
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非洲最珍貴的資源之一,當地的人
10:27
Their women婦女.
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非洲女人。
10:29
And so I want you to meet遇到 Jacqueline杰奎琳,
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我要介紹給你們認識,她跟我同名
10:31
my namesake同名, 21 years年份 old.
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也叫賈克琳,21歲
10:33
If she were born天生 anywhere隨地 else其他 but Tanzania坦桑尼亞,
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她要不是出生在坦桑尼亞
10:35
I'm telling告訴 you, she could run Wall Street.
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那我告訴你,她早就是華爾街的女強人了。
10:37
She runs運行 two of the lines, and has already已經 saved保存 enough足夠 money
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她同時管理兩條生産線,已經存夠一些錢
10:41
to put a down payment付款 on her house.
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為她的房子付了頭期款。
10:43
She makes品牌 about two dollars美元 a day, is creating創建 an education教育 fund基金,
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她每天賺大概2美金,還在存一個教育基金
10:47
and told me she is not marrying結婚 nor也不 having children孩子
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她告訴我,在這些目標沒達到之前
10:50
until直到 these things are completed完成.
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她不會結婚或是生小孩。
10:53
And so, when I told her about our idea理念 --
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當我告訴她我的想法
10:55
that maybe we could take a Tupperware特百惠 model模型 from the United聯合的 States狀態,
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我們可能可以套用美國家庭直銷的模式
10:58
and find a way for the women婦女 themselves他們自己 to go out
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讓當地的婦女也出去
11:01
and sell these nets to others其他 --
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到家家戶戶賣蚊帳的時候
11:03
she quickly很快 started開始 calculating計算 what she herself她自己 could make
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她很快地算了算能賺多少
11:06
and signed up.
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就加入了。
11:08
We took a lesson from IDEOIDEO, one of our favorite喜愛 companies公司,
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我們從我們最喜歡的公司IEDO學了幾課
11:13
and quickly很快 did a prototyping原型 on this,
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很快地設計出一套原型
11:15
and took Jacqueline杰奎琳 into the area where she lives生活.
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帶著賈桂琳到她住的地方。
11:18
She brought 10 of the women婦女 with whom she interacts交互
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她帶來了十個婦女
11:22
together一起 to see if she could sell these nets, five dollars美元 apiece一塊,
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看看能不能用5美金的價格賣這些蚊帳
11:24
despite儘管 the fact事實 that people say nobody沒有人 will buy購買 one,
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雖然沒人看好她
11:27
and we learned學到了 a lot about how you sell things.
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我們卻從她身上學到了很多販賣技巧。
11:30
Not coming未來 in with our own擁有 notions概念,
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這跟我們的想法完全不同
11:32
because she didn't even talk about malaria瘧疾 until直到 the very end結束.
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因爲她把瘧疾留到最後才談。
11:34
First, she talked about comfort安慰, status狀態, beauty美女.
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一開始,她談到舒適、地位、美觀
11:37
These nets, she said, you put them on the floor地板, bugs蟲子 leave離開 your house.
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她說,把蚊帳放在地上,蟲子就不會進屋
11:40
Children孩子 can sleep睡覺 through通過 the night;
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小孩可以整晚安穩地睡
11:42
the house looks容貌 beautiful美麗; you hang them in the window窗口.
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掛在窗戶上的話,房子看起來更漂亮
11:44
And we've我們已經 started開始 making製造 curtains窗簾,
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我們也開始生産窗簾
11:46
and not only is it beautiful美麗, but people can see status狀態 --
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不止因爲窗簾看起來漂亮,人們也可以看到你的地位
11:50
that you care關心 about your children孩子.
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看得出你很關心小孩
11:51
Only then did she talk about saving保存 your children's兒童 lives生活.
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在這時候,她才談到了蚊帳可以救小孩的命。
11:56
A lot of lessons教訓 to be learned學到了 in terms條款 of how we sell
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所以,如何買東西和服務給窮人
11:59
goods產品 and services服務 to the poor較差的.
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我們還有很多要學的。
12:03
I want to end結束 just by saying that there's enormous巨大 opportunity機會
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最後我想說,現在有很多機會
12:08
to make poverty貧窮 history歷史.
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可以使貧窮成爲過去。
12:10
To do it right, we have to build建立 business商業 models楷模 that matter,
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為了做對的事,我們必須建立正確的商業模式
12:13
that are scaleable可擴展性 and that work with Africans非洲人, Indians印度人,
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能適用於非洲、印度
12:17
people all over the developing發展 world世界
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或是全球發展中地區貧窮的人
12:19
who fit適合 in this category類別, to do it themselves他們自己.
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使他們能自立更生
12:22
Because at the end結束 of the day, it's about engagement訂婚.
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因爲,到最後,需要的是大家的參與
12:25
It's about understanding理解 that people really don't want handouts講義,
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需要去了解,施捨並不是人們要的
12:28
that they want to make their own擁有 decisions決定;
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人們想要自己做決定
12:30
they want to solve解決 their own擁有 problems問題;
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想要能自己解決自己的問題
12:32
and that by engaging with them,
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讓他們一同參與
12:34
not only do we create創建 much more dignity尊嚴 for them,
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這不只帶給他們更多的尊嚴
12:37
but for us as well.
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也是為我們帶來尊嚴。
12:39
And so I urge敦促 all of you to think next下一個 time
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所以我希望大家下次都去想一想
12:42
as to how to engage從事 with this notion概念 and this opportunity機會
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如何善用這個想法和機會
12:46
that we all have -- to make poverty貧窮 history歷史 --
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使貧窮變成過去
12:49
by really becoming變得 part部分 of the process處理
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讓大家能一同參與
12:51
and moving移動 away from an us-and-them我們和他們 world世界,
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揚棄以前那種你是你,我是我的心態
12:53
and realizing實現 that it's about all of us,
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要了解這是與“我們”都有關的
12:55
and the kind of world世界 that we, together一起, want to live生活 in and share分享.
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與我們一同要居住和分享的世界息息相關
12:58
Thank you.
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謝謝
12:59
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Wang-Ju Tsai
Reviewed by Adrienne Lin

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jacqueline Novogratz - Investor and advocate for moral leadership
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty.

Why you should listen

Jacqueline Novogratz writes: "I want to build a movement in which we define success based on the amount of human energy we release in the world.

"I started my career on Wall Street and soon discovered that markets are efficient, but by themselves they too often overlook or exploit the poor. So I moved to Rwanda in 1986 to help found the country’s first micro-finance bank. There I saw the humanitarian ethos of philanthropy, and also how often top-down solutions too often create dependency, the opposite of dignity. Through 30 years of working on solutions to poverty, I have come to redefine it for myself, seeing it not as how much income a person earns, but how free they are to make their own choices and decisions, how much agency they have over their own lives.

Acumen was founded to change the way the world tackles poverty in 2001. Our mission was simple – to raise philanthropy and invest it as patient capital – long-term investment in intrepid entrepreneurs willing to go where markets and government had failed the poor. We enable companies to experiment and fail, never wavering from a commitment to stand with the poor, yet understanding that profitability is necessary for sustainable solutions. We’ve invested more than $110M across South Asia, Africa, Latin America and the US, and have seen entire sectors disrupted and hundreds of millions served.

The work also taught that it was critical to invest in talent. To date, we’ve supported nearly 400 Acumen Fellows across lines of race, class, ethnicity, religion and ideology. They are a beautiful group, full of vision and grit, and a determination to do what is right, not easy. The group itself enables individual leaders to endure the loneliness that is part of the work.

And then we measure what matters rather than just what we can count. Take this all together and you see our mission to do what it takes to build a world in which all of us have the chance to dream and to flourish, not from a place of easy sentimentality but through a commitment to using the tools of capitalism and the attributes of moral leadership to focus on doing what it takes, and no less.

More profile about the speaker
Jacqueline Novogratz | Speaker | TED.com