ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sheryl WuDunn - Author, journalist
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope.

Why you should listen

Sheryl WuDunn and her husband, Nick Kristof, won a Pulitzer for their New York Times coverage of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. Their joint reporting work in China and other developing nations convinced them both that, just as slavery was the moral issue of the 19th century, sex trafficking, gender-based violence and other abuses make women's rights the moral issue of the 21st.

In their book Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, WuDunn and Kristof make the case for empowering women as a means of development. Women tend to spend more on education, nutrition and business, the economic engines of growth in a community. And if we can find ways to develop the untapped potential of the millions of women who are now left uneducated, denied basic rights, oppressed and threatened -- we'll turn on a firehose of economic power that could transform the developing world.

More profile about the speaker
Sheryl WuDunn | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2010

Sheryl WuDunn: Our century's greatest injustice

伍潔芳(Sheryl WuDunn):本世紀最大的不公平

Filmed:
1,194,863 views

《她們,和她們的希望故事》作者(之一的)伍潔芳,書中紀錄全球女性受壓迫的故事,這些故事震撼人心。唯有提供開發中國家的女性教育以及經濟幫助的機會,我們才能充分利用人力資源。
- Author, journalist
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
The global全球 challenge挑戰 that I want to talk to you about today今天
0
1000
3000
今天我想跟各位談的全球挑戰
00:19
rarely很少 makes品牌 the front面前 pages網頁.
1
4000
2000
很少登上新聞頭條
00:21
It, however然而, is enormous巨大
2
6000
3000
這問題並非不重要,相反的,
00:24
in both scale規模 and importance重要性.
3
9000
3000
它在規模上、重要性都要大的多
00:27
Look, you all are very well traveled旅行;
4
12000
3000
各位一定經常旅遊
00:30
this is TEDGlobalTEDGlobal after all.
5
15000
2000
畢竟這是TED全球論壇
00:32
But I do hope希望 to take you to some places地方
6
17000
2000
但我希望帶你們到一些
00:34
you've never been to before.
7
19000
2000
你們從未見過的地方
00:36
So, let's start開始 off in China中國.
8
21000
2000
先從中國開始
00:38
This photo照片 was taken採取 two weeks ago.
9
23000
3000
這張照片是兩週前拍的
00:41
Actually其實, one indication跡象 is that little boy男孩 on my husband's丈夫 shoulders肩膀
10
26000
3000
開玩笑的,坐在我丈夫肩上的小男孩
00:44
has just graduated畢業 from high school學校.
11
29000
2000
現在已經高中畢業了
00:46
(Laughter笑聲)
12
31000
2000
(笑聲)
00:48
But this is Tiananmen天安門 Square廣場.
13
33000
2000
這裡是天安門廣場
00:50
Many許多 of you have been there. It's not the real真實 China中國.
14
35000
3000
很多人可能去過,但這不是真正的中國
00:53
Let me take you to the real真實 China中國.
15
38000
2000
讓我帶各位到真正的中國
00:55
This is in the Dabian打遍 Mountains
16
40000
2000
這是大巴山
00:57
in the remote遠程 part部分 of Hubei湖北 province in central中央 China中國.
17
42000
3000
中國湖北省偏遠地區
01:01
Dai Manju饅頭 is 13 years年份 old at the time the story故事 starts啟動.
18
46000
3000
故事從戴滿菊13歲開始
01:04
She lives生活 with her parents父母,
19
49000
2000
她與父母親同住
01:06
her two brothers兄弟 and her great-aunt姑婆.
20
51000
3000
家中還有兩個兄弟和姑婆
01:09
They have a hut棚屋 that has no electricity電力,
21
54000
2000
他們住的小屋沒有電
01:11
no running賽跑 water,
22
56000
2000
沒有自來水
01:13
no wristwatch手錶, no bicycle自行車.
23
58000
2000
沒有手錶、沒有腳踏車
01:15
And they share分享 this great splendor
24
60000
2000
家裡還有一隻豬
01:17
with a very large pig.
25
62000
3000
與他們共賞美景
01:20
Dai Manju饅頭 was in sixth第六 grade年級 when her parents父母 said,
26
65000
3000
戴滿菊六年級的時候,父母告訴她
01:23
"We're going to pull you out of school學校
27
68000
2000
「我們無法讓妳上學了,」
01:25
because the 13-dollar-美元 school學校 fees費用 are too much for us.
28
70000
3000
「因為13元的學費我們付不起。」
01:28
You're going to be spending開支 the rest休息 of your life in the rice白飯 paddies稻田.
29
73000
2000
「反正妳長大後也是去稻田工作,」
01:30
Why would we waste浪費 this money on you?"
30
75000
2000
「那為什麼還要花這筆錢呢?」
01:32
This is what happens發生 to girls女孩 in remote遠程 areas.
31
77000
3000
這就是偏遠地區的女孩子所面臨的
01:35
Turns out that Dai Manju饅頭 was
32
80000
2000
但,戴滿菊是全年級
01:37
the best最好 pupil瞳孔 in her grade年級.
33
82000
2000
成績最好的學生
01:39
She still made製作 the two-hour兩小時 trek跋涉 to the schoolhouse校舍
34
84000
3000
她每天跋涉兩小時到學校上學
01:42
and tried試著 to catch抓住 every一切 little bit of information信息
35
87000
3000
不放過任何學習的機會
01:45
that seeped裡透 out of the doors.
36
90000
2000
把握她所能擁有的
01:47
We wrote about her in The New York紐約 Times.
37
92000
2000
我們將她的故事刊上紐約時報
01:49
We got a flood洪水 of donations捐款 --
38
94000
3000
收到了很多捐款
01:52
mostly大多 13-dollar-美元 checks檢查
39
97000
3000
大多都是13元捐款
01:55
because New York紐約 Times readers讀者 are very generous慷慨
40
100000
2000
因為我們紐約時報的讀者對於這種小額捐款
01:57
in tiny amounts
41
102000
2000
非常大方
01:59
(Laughter笑聲)
42
104000
2000
(笑聲)
02:01
but then, we got a money transfer轉讓
43
106000
3000
後來,我們收到一筆
02:04
for $10,000 --
44
109000
2000
一萬元捐款
02:06
really nice不錯 guy.
45
111000
2000
很大方
02:08
We turned轉身 the money over to that man there, the principal主要 of the school學校.
46
113000
3000
我們將這筆錢交給照片中的男子,也是校長
02:11
He was delighted欣喜的.
47
116000
2000
他開心極了
02:13
He thought, "Oh, I can renovate修復 the school學校.
48
118000
2000
他想:「這筆錢可以整修學校,」
02:15
I can give scholarships獎學金 to all the girls女孩,
49
120000
2000
「可以提供獎學金給女孩子們。」
02:17
you know, if they work hard and stay in school學校.
50
122000
2000
他們在學校都非常用功
02:19
So Dai Manju饅頭 basically基本上
51
124000
2000
戴滿菊後來
02:21
finished out middle中間 school學校.
52
126000
2000
念到中學畢業
02:23
She went to high school學校.
53
128000
2000
上了高中
02:25
She went to vocational專業 school學校 for accounting會計.
54
130000
2000
她到職業學校念會計
02:27
She scouted球探 for jobs工作 down in Guangdong province in the south.
55
132000
3000
後來到南部的廣東省找工作
02:30
She found發現 a job工作, she scouted球探 for jobs工作
56
135000
2000
她找到工作後,還幫她的同學們
02:32
for her classmates同學 and her friends朋友.
57
137000
2000
留意工作機會
02:34
She sent發送 money back to her family家庭.
58
139000
3000
將賺來的錢寄回家裡
02:37
They built內置 a new house,
59
142000
2000
他們蓋了新房子
02:39
this time with running賽跑 water,
60
144000
2000
這次有自來水
02:41
electricity電力, a bicycle自行車,
61
146000
2000
有了電、一台腳踏車
02:43
no pig.
62
148000
2000
沒有豬了
02:45
What we saw was a natural自然 experiment實驗.
63
150000
3000
這是一個自然實驗
02:48
It is rare罕見 to get an exogenous外源性 investment投資
64
153000
2000
女孩子的教育,能有外界的幫助
02:50
in girls'女孩 education教育.
65
155000
2000
是很少見的
02:52
And over the years年份, as we followed其次 Dai Manju饅頭, we were able能夠 to see
66
157000
3000
這幾年,我們看到的是戴滿菊
02:55
that she was able能夠 to move移動 out of a vicious惡毒 cycle週期
67
160000
3000
脫離惡性循環
02:58
and into a virtuous cycle週期.
68
163000
2000
進入了良性循環
03:00
She not only changed her own擁有 dynamic動態,
69
165000
2000
她不只改變了自己
03:02
she changed her household家庭, she changed her family家庭, her village.
70
167000
3000
她改變她們全家的生活環境、她的村子
03:05
The village became成為 a real真實 standout站出來.
71
170000
3000
後來整個村莊都繁榮起來
03:08
Of course課程, most of China中國 was flourishing芊芊 at the time,
72
173000
3000
當然,當時中國正繁榮發展
03:11
but they were able能夠 to get a road built內置
73
176000
3000
但他們有辦法向外建造道路
03:14
to link鏈接 them up to the rest休息 of China中國.
74
179000
2000
連結到中國其他地方
03:16
And that brings帶來 me to my first major重大的
75
181000
3000
這是我的書《她們,和她們的希望故事》中
03:19
of two tenets原則 of "Half the Sky天空."
76
184000
2000
兩大原則之一
03:21
And that is that
77
186000
2000
這就是
03:23
the central中央 moral道德 challenge挑戰
78
188000
2000
本世紀
03:25
of this century世紀
79
190000
2000
最大的道德挑戰-
03:27
is gender性別 inequity不公平.
80
192000
2000
性別不平等
03:29
In the 19th century世紀, it was slavery奴隸制度.
81
194000
2000
19世紀的挑戰是奴隸制度
03:31
In the 20th century世紀, it was totalitarianism極權主義.
82
196000
3000
21世紀的挑戰是極權主義
03:34
The cause原因 of our time
83
199000
2000
我們現今的挑戰
03:36
is the brutality殘酷 that so many許多 people
84
201000
2000
就是世界上這們多人因為性別
03:38
face面對 around the world世界 because of their gender性別.
85
203000
3000
遭受暴力的不平等對待
03:41
So some of you may可能 be thinking思維,
86
206000
2000
各位可能在想
03:43
"Gosh天哪, that's hyperbole誇張.
87
208000
2000
「她講的太誇張了吧,」
03:45
She's exaggerating誇大."
88
210000
2000
「才沒這麼嚴重。」
03:47
Well, let me ask you this question.
89
212000
2000
那麼我先問各位
03:49
How many許多 of you think there are more males男性 or more females女性 in the world世界?
90
214000
3000
現在社會中,男生多還是女生多?
03:52
Let me take a poll輪詢. How many許多 of you think there are more males男性 in the world世界?
91
217000
3000
來投票好了,認為男生多的請舉手。
03:55
Hands up, please.
92
220000
2000
謝謝
03:57
How many許多 of you think -- a few少數 -- how many許多 of you there are more females女性 in the world世界?
93
222000
3000
看到一些手了,那麼,認為女生多的請舉手。
04:00
Okay, most of you.
94
225000
2000
大部分的人
04:02
Well, you know this latter後者 group, you're wrong錯誤.
95
227000
2000
這些人你們錯了
04:04
There are, true真正 enough足夠,
96
229000
2000
事實上,
04:06
in Europe歐洲 and the West西,
97
231000
2000
在歐洲、西方
04:08
when women婦女 and men男人
98
233000
2000
男人和女人
04:10
have equal等於 access訪問 to food餐飲 and health健康 care關心,
99
235000
2000
擁有一樣的權利、福利
04:12
there are more women婦女, we live生活 longer.
100
237000
2000
女生還活的比較久一點
04:14
But in most of the rest休息 of the world世界, that's not the case案件.
101
239000
3000
但世界其他地方,就不是如此了
04:17
In fact事實, demographers人口統計學 have shown顯示
102
242000
2000
事實上,人口學家統計
04:19
that there are anywhere隨地 between之間 60 million百萬
103
244000
2000
世界上約有六千萬
04:21
and 100 million百萬
104
246000
2000
到一億的女性
04:23
missing失踪 females女性 in the current當前 population人口.
105
248000
3000
是處於失蹤狀態
04:26
And, you know, it happens發生 for several一些 reasons原因.
106
251000
3000
有幾個原因
04:29
For instance, in the last half-century半個世紀,
107
254000
2000
其中一個,是上半世紀
04:31
more girls女孩 were discriminated歧視 to death死亡
108
256000
3000
女性因性別歧視死亡的人數
04:34
than all the people killed殺害 on all the battlefields戰場
109
259000
2000
加起來比整個20世紀,男性死於戰場的人數
04:36
in the 20th century世紀.
110
261000
3000
還要多
04:39
Sometimes有時 it's also because of the sonogram聲像.
111
264000
2000
另一個原因,是因為超音波
04:41
Girls女孩 get aborted中止 before they're even born天生
112
266000
3000
由於資源不夠,知道懷的是女嬰
04:44
when there are scarce稀缺 resources資源.
113
269000
2000
父母親就選擇墮胎
04:46
This girl女孩 here, for instance,
114
271000
2000
照片中這女孩
04:48
is in a feeding饋送 center中央 in Ethiopia埃塞俄比亞.
115
273000
2000
在衣索比亞的一間餵養中心
04:50
The entire整個 center中央 was filled填充 with girls女孩 like her.
116
275000
3000
餵養中心裡,多的是像她一樣的女孩子
04:53
What's remarkable卓越 is that her brothers兄弟, in the same相同 family家庭,
117
278000
3000
令人吃驚的是,她的哥哥
04:56
were totally完全 fine.
118
281000
2000
卻健康的很
04:58
In India印度, in the first year of life,
119
283000
2000
在印度,嬰兒第一年
05:00
from zero to one,
120
285000
2000
0到1歲時,
05:02
boy男孩 and girl女孩 babies嬰兒 basically基本上 survive生存 at the same相同 rate
121
287000
3000
男女的生存比率略微相同
05:05
because they depend依靠 upon the breast乳房,
122
290000
2000
因為他們都喝母乳
05:07
and the breast乳房 shows節目 no son兒子 preference偏愛.
123
292000
2000
母乳並不會偏心
05:09
From one to five,
124
294000
3000
1到5歲時,
05:12
girls女孩 die at a 50 percent百分 higher更高 mortality死亡 rate
125
297000
3000
女孩的死亡率,比男孩多了一半
05:15
than boys男孩, in all of India印度.
126
300000
3000
這是全印度的數據
05:18
The second第二 tenet信條 of "Half the Sky天空"
127
303000
3000
《她們,和她們的希望故事》第二原則
05:21
is that, let's put aside在旁邊 the morality道德 of all the right and wrong錯誤 of it all,
128
306000
3000
我們先將道德是非擺一邊
05:24
and just on a purely純粹 practical實際的 level水平,
129
309000
3000
從實際觀點來看
05:27
we think that
130
312000
2000
我們認為
05:29
one of the best最好 ways方法 to fight鬥爭 poverty貧窮 and to fight鬥爭 terrorism恐怖主義
131
314000
3000
打擊貧窮、恐怖主義最好的方法
05:32
is to educate教育 girls女孩
132
317000
2000
就是教育女孩子
05:34
and to bring帶來 women婦女 into the formal正式 labor勞動 force.
133
319000
3000
以及提供女性工作機會
05:37
Poverty貧窮, for instance.
134
322000
2000
先談貧窮
05:39
There are three reasons原因 why this is the case案件.
135
324000
2000
我提出三個原因
05:41
For one, overpopulation人口過剩 is one of
136
326000
2000
第一,人口過剩是
05:43
the persistent一貫 causes原因 of poverty貧窮.
137
328000
3000
持續平窮的原因之一
05:46
And you know, when you educate教育 a boy男孩,
138
331000
2000
當你教育男孩子
05:48
his family家庭 tends趨向 to have fewer kids孩子,
139
333000
2000
他的家庭會有較少的子女
05:50
but only slightly.
140
335000
2000
但只有少一點
05:52
When you educate教育 a girl女孩,
141
337000
2000
當你教育女孩子
05:54
she tends趨向 to have significantly顯著 fewer kids孩子.
142
339000
3000
她減少生育的數量大的多
05:57
The second第二 reason原因 is
143
342000
3000
第二個原因
06:00
it has to do with spending開支.
144
345000
2000
與花費有關
06:02
It's kind of like the dirty, little secret秘密 of poverty貧窮,
145
347000
2000
這算是貧窮的一個小祕密
06:04
which哪一個 is that,
146
349000
2000
就是
06:06
not only do poor較差的 people
147
351000
2000
貧窮的人
06:08
take in very little income收入,
148
353000
2000
不止收入少
06:10
but also, the income收入 that they take in,
149
355000
2000
他們的收入
06:12
they don't spend it very wisely明智,
150
357000
3000
還不會好好利用
06:15
and unfortunately不幸, most of that spending開支 is doneDONE by men男人.
151
360000
3000
因為,負責花錢的是男性
06:18
So research研究 has shown顯示,
152
363000
2000
研究顯示
06:20
if you look at people who live生活 under two dollars美元 a day --
153
365000
3000
觀察那些一天花不到2元的人
06:23
one metric of poverty貧窮 --
154
368000
2000
他們的花費都一樣
06:25
two percent百分 of that take-home帶回家 pay工資
155
370000
2000
收入的2%
06:27
goes to this basket here, in education教育.
156
372000
3000
是教育
06:30
20 percent百分 goes to a basket that is a combination組合 of
157
375000
3000
20%的花費是
06:33
alcohol, tobacco煙草, sugary含糖 drinks飲料 --
158
378000
2000
買酒、菸、飲料、
06:35
and prostitution賣淫 and festivals節日.
159
380000
3000
和妓女
06:38
If you just take four percentage百分比 points
160
383000
2000
其實這20%裡,
06:40
and put it into this basket,
161
385000
2000
只要將4%分到教育
06:42
you would have a transformative變革 effect影響.
162
387000
3000
就能有轉變作用
06:46
The last reason原因 has to do
163
391000
2000
最後一個理由就是
06:48
with women婦女 being存在 part部分 of the solution, not the problem問題.
164
393000
3000
女人是解決辦法,不是麻煩
06:51
You need to use scarce稀缺 resources資源.
165
396000
2000
必須學會利用有限資源
06:53
It's a waste浪費 of resources資源 if you don't use someone有人 like Dai Manju饅頭.
166
398000
3000
不用戴滿菊這樣的女孩子,就是浪費資源
06:56
Bill法案 Gates蓋茨 put it very well
167
401000
2000
比爾蓋茲說的很好
06:58
when he was traveling旅行 through通過 Saudi沙特 Arabia阿拉伯.
168
403000
2000
他當時到沙烏地阿拉伯旅遊
07:00
He was speaking請講 to an audience聽眾 much like yourselves你自己.
169
405000
3000
當時有場類似現在這樣的演講
07:03
However然而, two-thirds三分之二 of the way there was a barrier屏障.
170
408000
3000
然而,場地三分之二有個隔閡
07:06
On this side was men男人,
171
411000
2000
這邊坐男人
07:08
and then the barrier屏障, and this side was women婦女.
172
413000
2000
另一邊作女人
07:10
And someone有人 from this side of the room房間 got up and said,
173
415000
2000
其中一位觀眾問比爾
07:12
"Mr先生. Gates蓋茨, we have here as our goal目標 in Saudi沙特 Arabia阿拉伯
174
417000
3000
「蓋茲先生,我們沙烏地阿拉伯有個目標」
07:15
to be one of the top最佳 10 countries國家
175
420000
2000
「就是想在科技領域」
07:17
when it comes to technology技術.
176
422000
2000
「名列世界前十名」
07:19
Do you think we'll make it?"
177
424000
2000
「你覺得我們有能力嗎?」
07:21
So Bill法案 Gates蓋茨, as he was staring凝視 out at the audience聽眾, he said,
178
426000
3000
比爾蓋茲就掃了一下觀眾,說
07:24
"If you're not fully充分 utilizing利用 half the resources資源 in your country國家,
179
429000
3000
「如果你們不善用國家全部的資源,」
07:27
there is no way you will get anywhere隨地 near the top最佳 10."
180
432000
3000
「那麼你們的離目標還差的遠。」
07:30
So here is Bill法案 of Arabia阿拉伯.
181
435000
3000
這是阿拉伯比爾
07:33
(Laughter笑聲)
182
438000
2000
(笑聲)
07:35
So what would some of the specific具體 challenges挑戰
183
440000
2000
那麼真正的挑戰到底
07:37
look like?
184
442000
2000
是什麼?
07:40
I would say, on the top最佳 of the agenda議程
185
445000
3000
我認為,最嚴重的就是
07:43
is sex性別 trafficking販賣.
186
448000
2000
色情人口販賣
07:45
And I'll just say two things about this.
187
450000
2000
關於這點,我提兩件事就好
07:47
The slavery奴隸制度 at the peak of the slave奴隸 trade貿易
188
452000
3000
奴隸販賣在1780年代
07:50
in the 1780s:
189
455000
3000
最為盛行
07:53
there were about 80,000 slaves奴隸
190
458000
2000
當時約有八萬名奴隸
07:55
transported from Africa非洲 to the New World世界.
191
460000
3000
從非洲被賣到美洲
07:58
Now, modern現代 slavery奴隸制度:
192
463000
3000
現在的奴隸
08:01
according根據 to State Department rough statistics統計,
193
466000
3000
根據國務院初步統計資料,
08:04
there are about 800,000 -- 10 times the number --
194
469000
3000
有80萬人,當時十倍的數量
08:07
that are trafficked販賣 across橫過 international國際 borders國界.
195
472000
3000
在國際間販賣
08:10
And that does not even include包括 those
196
475000
2000
這數字還不包括
08:12
that are trafficked販賣 within country國家 borders國界,
197
477000
2000
那些國內販賣人口
08:14
which哪一個 is a substantial大量的 portion一部分.
198
479000
3000
也是蠻驚人的數字
08:17
And if you look at
199
482000
2000
當你看
08:19
another另一個 factor因子, another另一個 contrast對比,
200
484000
3000
其他因素、其他對比
08:22
a slave奴隸 back then is worth價值
201
487000
2000
以前一個奴隸
08:24
about $40,000
202
489000
2000
約值現在的幣值
08:26
in today's今天的 money.
203
491000
2000
4萬元左右
08:28
Today今天, you can buy購買 a girl女孩 trafficked販賣
204
493000
3000
今天,你買一個女生
08:31
for a few少數 hundred dollars美元,
205
496000
2000
只要幾百塊
08:33
which哪一個 means手段 she's actually其實 more disposable一次性.
206
498000
3000
她根本毫無價值可言
08:36
But you know, there is progress進展 being存在 made製作
207
501000
3000
但是,在柬埔寨和泰國
08:39
in places地方 like Cambodia柬埔寨 and Thailand泰國.
208
504000
2000
已經有些行動了
08:41
We don't have to expect期望 a world世界
209
506000
2000
我們再也不必看到
08:43
where girls女孩 are bought and sold出售 or killed殺害.
210
508000
3000
女孩子們被買賣、殺害
08:46
The second第二 item項目 on the agenda議程
211
511000
2000
我要談的第二點,
08:48
is maternal母系 mortality死亡.
212
513000
3000
就是婦女難產死亡率
08:51
You know, childbirth分娩 in this part部分 of the world世界
213
516000
3000
西方世界,孩子的出生
08:54
is a wonderful精彩 event事件.
214
519000
2000
是多美妙的一件事
08:56
In Niger尼日爾, one in seven women婦女
215
521000
3000
但在尼日,七個懷孕婦女
08:59
can expect期望 to die during childbirth分娩.
216
524000
3000
有一個死於難產
09:02
Around the world世界,
217
527000
2000
全世界,
09:04
one woman女人 dies every一切 minute分鐘 and a half from childbirth分娩.
218
529000
4000
每一分半鐘,一位母親死於難產
09:08
You know, it's not as though雖然
219
533000
2000
我們並不是沒有
09:10
we don't have the technological技術性 solution,
220
535000
3000
實際的解決方法
09:13
but these women婦女 have three strikes罷工 against反對 them:
221
538000
3000
而是這些母親們,被三振出局
09:16
they are poor較差的, they are rural鄉村
222
541000
2000
她們窮、她們住的偏遠、
09:18
and they are female.
223
543000
3000
她們是女性
09:21
You know, for every一切 woman女人 who does die,
224
546000
2000
一個死亡的難產婦女
09:23
there are 20 who survive生存
225
548000
2000
就有另外20個
09:25
but end結束 up with an injury.
226
550000
2000
嚴重受傷
09:27
And the most devastating破壞性的 injury
227
552000
2000
最嚴重的就是
09:29
is obstetric產科的 fistula.
228
554000
2000
生殖瘻管受傷
09:31
It's a tearing撕裂 during obstructed不通 labor勞動
229
556000
2000
這是阻礙性分娩時,
09:33
that leaves樹葉 a woman女人 incontinent失禁.
230
558000
3000
產生的撕裂傷,導致的大小便失禁
09:36
Let me tell you about MahabubaMahabuba.
231
561000
2000
分享Mahabuba的故事
09:38
She lives生活 in Ethiopia埃塞俄比亞.
232
563000
2000
她住在衣索比亞
09:40
She was married已婚 against反對 her will at age年齡 13.
233
565000
3000
13歲時被迫結婚
09:43
She got pregnant, ran to the bush襯套 to have the baby寶寶,
234
568000
3000
後來懷孕,孩子是在草叢裡出生的
09:46
but you know, her body身體 was very immature未成熟的,
235
571000
3000
但她的身體尚未成熟
09:49
and she ended結束 up having obstructed不通 labor勞動.
236
574000
3000
所以生產時寶寶的頭太大,無法通過產道
09:52
The baby寶寶 died死亡, and she ended結束 up with a fistula.
237
577000
3000
後來嬰兒死了,她的生殖瘻管受傷
09:55
So that meant意味著 she was incontinent失禁;
238
580000
2000
大小便失禁
09:57
she couldn't不能 control控制 her wastes廢物.
239
582000
3000
她無法控制排泄
10:00
In a word, she stank發臭.
240
585000
2000
全身發臭
10:02
The villagers村民 thought she was cursed詛咒; they didn't know what to do with her.
241
587000
3000
村民都以為他被詛咒了,不知如何是好
10:05
So finally最後, they put her at the edge邊緣 of the village in a hut棚屋.
242
590000
3000
後來他們把她丟到村莊外圍的小屋
10:08
They ripped撕開 off the door
243
593000
2000
把門拆掉
10:10
so that the hyenas鬣狗 would get her at night.
244
595000
3000
晚上放鬣狗咬她
10:13
That night, there was a stick in the hut棚屋.
245
598000
3000
那晚,屋內正好有根棍子
10:16
She fought戰鬥 off the hyenas鬣狗 with that stick.
246
601000
3000
她用棍子抵抗
10:19
And the next下一個 morning早上,
247
604000
2000
隔天早上
10:21
she knew知道 if she could get to a nearby附近 village where there was a foreign國外 missionary傳教士,
248
606000
3000
她知道她如果到附近村莊,找外國傳教士
10:24
she would be saved保存.
249
609000
2000
她就能獲救
10:26
Because she had some damage損傷 to her nerves神經,
250
611000
2000
因為她有神經損傷
10:28
she crawled all the way -- 30 miles英里 --
251
613000
3000
她用爬的,爬了30哩
10:31
to that doorstep門階, half dead.
252
616000
3000
到傳教士門前時,都半死了
10:34
The foreign國外 missionary傳教士 opened打開 the door,
253
619000
2000
傳教士一開門
10:36
knew知道 exactly究竟 what had happened發生,
254
621000
2000
就知道發生了什麼事
10:38
took her to a nearby附近 fistula hospital醫院 in Addis亞的斯亞貝巴 Ababa貝巴,
255
623000
3000
帶她到首都的一間診所
10:41
and she was repaired修復
256
626000
2000
接受手術
10:43
with a 350-dollar-美元 operation手術.
257
628000
3000
一個350元的手術
10:46
The doctors醫生 and nurses護士 there noticed注意到
258
631000
2000
那裡的醫生護士發現
10:48
that she was not only a survivor倖存者,
259
633000
2000
她不止是個生存者
10:50
she was really clever聰明, and they made製作 her a nurse護士.
260
635000
3000
她還很聰明,他們讓她當護士
10:53
So now, MahabubaMahabuba,
261
638000
2000
所以Mahabuba現在
10:55
she is saving保存 the lives生活
262
640000
2000
也幫助拯救
10:57
of hundreds數以百計, thousands數千, of women婦女.
263
642000
2000
成千上萬女人們的生命
10:59
She has become成為 part部分 of the solution, not the problem問題.
264
644000
2000
她變成解決方式,而非問題
11:01
She's moved移動 out of a vicious惡毒 cycle週期
265
646000
2000
她脫離了惡性循環
11:03
and into a virtuous cycle週期.
266
648000
2000
進入良性循環
11:05
I've talked about some of the challenges挑戰,
267
650000
3000
我剛剛都講挑戰
11:08
let me talk about some of the solutions解決方案,
268
653000
2000
現在來談解決方式
11:10
and there are predictable可預測 solutions解決方案.
269
655000
3000
其實很明顯
11:13
I've hinted暗示 at them: education教育
270
658000
2000
我剛剛有提示了,就是教育
11:15
and also economic經濟 opportunity機會.
271
660000
3000
和經濟機會
11:18
So of course課程, when you educate教育 a girl女孩,
272
663000
3000
當你教育一個女孩子
11:21
she tends趨向 to get married已婚 later後來 on in life,
273
666000
3000
她後來結婚
11:24
she tends趨向 to have kids孩子 later後來 on in life, she tends趨向 to have fewer kids孩子,
274
669000
3000
然後生子,生育數量會減少
11:27
and those kids孩子 that she does have,
275
672000
2000
生下來的那些孩子們
11:29
she educates受教育者 them in a more enlightened開明 fashion時尚.
276
674000
2000
她會以開明的方式教導他們
11:31
With economic經濟 opportunity機會,
277
676000
2000
有了經濟機會
11:33
it can be transformative變革.
278
678000
2000
就能有很大的轉變
11:35
Let me tell you about Saima賽馬.
279
680000
2000
我想分享Saima的故事
11:37
She lives生活 in a small village outside Lahore拉合爾, Pakistan巴基斯坦.
280
682000
3000
她住在拉合爾(巴基斯坦城市)的一個小村莊
11:41
And at the time, she was miserable.
281
686000
2000
她當時過的很慘
11:43
She was beaten毆打 every一切 single day
282
688000
2000
每天都被她那
11:45
by her husband丈夫, who was unemployed失業的.
283
690000
2000
失業的丈夫毆打
11:47
He was kind of a gambler賭徒 type類型 -- and unemployable無業, therefore因此 --
284
692000
3000
他會賭博、又沒工作
11:50
and took his frustrations挫折 out on her.
285
695000
2000
所以將氣都出在她身上
11:52
Well, when she had her second第二 daughter女兒,
286
697000
2000
當她生下第二個女兒
11:54
her mother母親 in-law姻親 told her son兒子,
287
699000
3000
她岳母告訴她丈夫
11:57
"I think you'd better get a second第二 wife妻子.
288
702000
2000
「你再取個妻子吧,」
11:59
Saima's賽馬的 not going to produce生產 you a son兒子."
289
704000
3000
「Saima不能替你生兒子。」
12:03
This is when she had her second第二 daughter女兒.
290
708000
2000
她那時候剛產下第二個女兒
12:05
At the time, there was
291
710000
2000
當時有一個
12:07
a microlending小額貸款 group in the village
292
712000
2000
專做小額貸款的組織到村裡
12:09
that gave her a 65-dollar-美元 loan貸款.
293
714000
3000
讓她貸款了65美元
12:12
Saima賽馬 took that money,
294
717000
3000
她利用這筆錢
12:15
and she started開始 an embroidery刺繡 business商業.
295
720000
3000
開始了刺繡生意
12:18
The merchants商家 liked喜歡 her embroidery刺繡; it sold出售 very well,
296
723000
2000
商人都很喜歡她的作品,賣的很好
12:20
and they kept不停 asking for more.
297
725000
2000
他們希望她多做點來賣
12:22
And when she couldn't不能 produce生產 enough足夠,
298
727000
2000
所以她人手不夠
12:24
she hired僱用 other women婦女 in the village.
299
729000
2000
雇用了村莊其他婦女
12:26
Pretty漂亮 soon不久 she had 30 women婦女 in the village
300
731000
3000
不久,村子裡有30名婦女
12:29
working加工 for her embroidery刺繡 business商業.
301
734000
2000
都變成她的員工
12:31
And then,
302
736000
2000
後來
12:33
when she had to transport運輸 all of the embroidery刺繡 goods產品
303
738000
3000
她還得將刺繡品運到
12:36
from the village to the marketplace市井,
304
741000
2000
附近村莊的市場賣
12:38
she needed需要 someone有人 to help her do the transport運輸,
305
743000
2000
她需要人手幫她運貨
12:40
so she hired僱用 her husband丈夫.
306
745000
2000
所以她雇了她丈夫
12:42
So now they're in it together一起.
307
747000
2000
這對夫妻便一起工作
12:44
He does the transportation運輸 and distribution分配,
308
749000
2000
他負責運送、分裝
12:46
and she does the production生產 and sourcing採購.
309
751000
2000
她則負責製作、外包
12:48
And now they have a third第三 daughter女兒,
310
753000
3000
後來生了第三個女兒
12:51
and the daughters女兒, all of them, are being存在 tutored輔導 in education教育
311
756000
3000
三個女兒都接受良好教育
12:54
because Saima賽馬 knows知道 what's really important重要.
312
759000
3000
因為Saima知道教育很重要
12:57
Which哪一個 brings帶來 me to the final最後 element元件, which哪一個 is education教育.
313
762000
3000
所以最後一點,就是教育
13:01
Larry拉里 Summers薩默斯, when he was chief首席 economist經濟學家 at the World世界 Bank銀行,
314
766000
3000
Larry Summers還在世界銀行的時候
13:04
once一旦 said that, "It may可能 well be
315
769000
3000
曾說:「投資開發中國家」
13:07
that the highest最高 return返回 on investment投資
316
772000
2000
「女孩子的教育,」
13:09
in the developing發展 world世界
317
774000
2000
「所能獲得的報酬」
13:11
is in girls'女孩 education教育."
318
776000
3000
「是最高的。」
13:14
Let me tell you about Beatrice比阿特麗斯 BiiraBiira.
319
779000
2000
讓我告訴你們Beatrice Biira的故事
13:16
Beatrice比阿特麗斯 was living活的 in Uganda烏干達
320
781000
3000
Beatrice住在烏干達和
13:19
near the Congo剛果 border邊境,
321
784000
2000
剛果邊境的地方
13:21
and like Dai Manju饅頭, she didn't go to school學校.
322
786000
2000
和戴滿菊一樣,
13:23
Actually其實, she had never been to school學校,
323
788000
3000
她從沒有上過學
13:26
not to a lick, one day.
324
791000
2000
連一天都沒有過
13:28
Her parents父母, again, said,
325
793000
2000
她父母,一樣的認為
13:30
"Why should we spend the money on her?
326
795000
2000
「為什麼錢要花在她身上?」
13:32
She's going to spend most of her life lugging拖著 water back and forth向前."
327
797000
3000
「反正她長大也是一輩子挑水。」
13:35
Well, it just so happens發生, at that time,
328
800000
3000
很巧的是,當時
13:38
there was a group in Connecticut康涅狄格
329
803000
3000
康乃狄克有個機構
13:41
called the Niantic尼安蒂克 Community社區 Church教會 Group in Connecticut康涅狄格.
330
806000
3000
Niantic社區教堂組織
13:44
They made製作 a donation捐款 to an organization組織
331
809000
2000
他們捐款給阿肯色州
13:46
based基於 in Arkansas阿肯色州
332
811000
2000
的一個機構
13:48
called Heifer小牝牛 International國際.
333
813000
2000
海菲國際組織
13:50
Heifer小牝牛 sent發送 two goats山羊 to Africa非洲.
334
815000
3000
這組織送了兩隻羊到非洲
13:53
One of them ended結束 up with Beatrice's比阿特麗斯的 parents父母,
335
818000
3000
其中一隻分到了Beatrice家
13:56
and that goat山羊 had twins雙胞胎.
336
821000
2000
那隻羊生了雙胞胎
13:58
The twins雙胞胎 started開始 producing生產 milk牛奶.
337
823000
2000
然後還是產羊奶
14:00
They sold出售 the milk牛奶 for cash現金.
338
825000
2000
他們買羊奶賺了點錢
14:02
The cash現金 started開始 accumulating積累,
339
827000
2000
錢開始累積
14:04
and pretty漂亮 soon不久 the parents父母 said,
340
829000
2000
不久後她父母就說:
14:06
"You know, we've我們已經 got enough足夠 money. Let's send發送 Beatrice比阿特麗斯 to school學校."
341
831000
3000
「我們有足夠的錢,讓Beatrice念書」
14:09
So at nine years年份 of age年齡,
342
834000
2000
所以九歲的她
14:11
Beatrice比阿特麗斯 started開始 in first grade年級 --
343
836000
2000
開始念一年級
14:13
after all, she'd never been to a lick of school學校 --
344
838000
2000
因為她從沒上過學
14:15
with a six year-old.
345
840000
2000
所以和六歲的孩子同班
14:17
No matter, she was just delighted欣喜的 to be in school學校.
346
842000
2000
但她不在意,非常珍惜這個機會
14:19
She rocketed飆漲 to the top最佳 of her class.
347
844000
2000
她一下衝到第一名
14:21
She stayed at the top最佳 of her class
348
846000
3000
並保持好成績
14:24
through通過 elementary初級 school學校, middle中間 school學校,
349
849000
2000
一直到小學畢業、中學、
14:26
and then in high school學校,
350
851000
2000
高中畢業後,
14:28
she scored進球 brilliantly出色 on the national國民 examinations考試
351
853000
3000
因為優秀的全國測驗成績
14:31
so that she became成為 the first person in her village,
352
856000
3000
她變成她村裡第一位
14:34
ever, to come to the United聯合的 States狀態
353
859000
2000
拿獎學金到美國
14:36
on scholarship獎學金.
354
861000
2000
唸書的人
14:38
Two years年份 ago,
355
863000
2000
兩年前
14:40
she graduated畢業 from Connecticut康涅狄格 College學院.
356
865000
3000
她從康乃狄克學院畢業
14:43
On the day of her graduation畢業,
357
868000
2000
畢業那天,她說:
14:45
she said, "I am the luckiest幸運 girl女孩 alive
358
870000
3000
「我是這世界上,只因為一隻羊」
14:48
because of a goat山羊."
359
873000
2000
「而出運的女孩。」
14:50
(Laughter笑聲)
360
875000
2000
(笑聲)
14:52
And that goat山羊 was $120.
361
877000
2000
那隻羊只要120美元
14:54
So you see how transformative變革
362
879000
3000
所以你看到一點小忙
14:57
little bits of help can be.
363
882000
2000
有多大的轉變力
14:59
But I want to give you a reality現實 check.
364
884000
2000
但我也必須讓各位認清事實
15:02
Look: U.S. aid援助, helping幫助 people is not easy簡單,
365
887000
3000
美國援助並不簡單
15:05
and there have been books圖書 that have criticized批評 U.S. aid援助.
366
890000
3000
有些書也公開批評美國援助
15:08
There's Bill法案 Easterly's伊斯特利的 book.
367
893000
2000
像是比爾伊斯特的
15:10
There's a book called "Dead Aid援助."
368
895000
2000
《致命援助》這本書
15:12
You know, the criticism批評 is fair公平;
369
897000
2000
這些批評是公平的
15:14
it isn't easy簡單.
370
899000
2000
援助並不簡單
15:16
You know, people say how
371
901000
2000
他們說那些水井計劃
15:18
half of all water well projects項目, a year later後來, are failed失敗.
372
903000
2000
一年後都失敗了
15:20
When I was in Zimbabwe津巴布韋,
373
905000
2000
當我在辛巴威時
15:22
we were touring旅遊 a place地點 with the village chief首席 --
374
907000
2000
村長帶著我們參觀一個地方
15:24
he wanted to raise提高 money for a secondary次要 school學校 --
375
909000
3000
他募款,在這地方蓋所中學
15:27
and there was some construction施工 a few少數 yards away,
376
912000
2000
那邊已經有蓋一些東西了
15:29
and I said, "What's that?"
377
914000
2000
我就問:「那是什麼?」
15:31
He sort分類 of mumbled喃喃自語.
378
916000
2000
他就低聲說了一些話
15:33
Turns out that it's a failed失敗 irrigation灌溉 project項目.
379
918000
2000
原來是失敗的灌溉計畫
15:35
A few少數 yards away was a failed失敗 chicken coop雞舍.
380
920000
3000
幾碼外還有失敗的雞舍
15:38
One year, all the chickens died死亡, and no one wanted to put the chickens in there.
381
923000
3000
因為有一年,裡面的雞全死了,沒人敢在那養雞
15:41
It's true真正, but we think that you don't through通過 the baby寶寶 out with the bathwater洗澡水;
382
926000
3000
但是,我們都了解,別因為失敗就將一切放棄
15:44
you actually其實 improve提高.
383
929000
2000
這樣才能進步
15:46
You learn學習 from your mistakes錯誤, and you continuously一直 improve提高.
384
931000
3000
從錯誤中學習,變成持續進步
15:49
We also think that individuals個人
385
934000
2000
我們也知道
15:51
can make a difference區別, and they should,
386
936000
3000
每個人都盡一己之力,
15:54
because individuals個人, together一起,
387
939000
2000
是可以做出改變的
15:56
we can all help create創建 a movement運動.
388
941000
3000
我們可以創造一股運動
15:59
And a movement運動 of men男人 and women婦女
389
944000
2000
男人與女人的運動
16:01
is what's needed需要 to bring帶來 about social社會 change更改,
390
946000
2000
這是社會改變的開始
16:03
change更改 that will address地址
391
948000
3000
有了這個開始
16:06
this great moral道德 challenge挑戰.
392
951000
2000
我們更能面對道德挑戰
16:08
So then, I ask,
393
953000
3000
問題是,
16:11
what's in it for you?
394
956000
2000
這麼做有什麼好處?
16:13
You're probably大概 asking that. Why should you care關心?
395
958000
3000
你可能會問,為什麼要關心他們?
16:16
I will just leave離開 you with two things.
396
961000
2000
我提兩件事讓各位想想
16:18
One is that research研究 shows節目
397
963000
3000
第一,研究顯示,
16:21
that once一旦 you have
398
966000
2000
當你已經擁有
16:23
all of your material材料 needs需求 taken採取 care關心 of --
399
968000
3000
一切生活所需-
16:26
which哪一個 most of us, all of us, here in this room房間 do --
400
971000
3000
就像這裡的每個人
16:29
research研究 shows節目 that
401
974000
2000
研究顯示,
16:31
there are very few少數 things in life
402
976000
2000
你生命中已經沒有
16:33
that can actually其實 elevate提升 your level水平 of happiness幸福.
403
978000
3000
其他東西能提昇你的快樂指數
16:36
One of those things
404
981000
2000
唯有
16:38
is contributing貢獻 to a cause原因 larger than yourself你自己.
405
983000
3000
奉獻給比你還要龐大的事物
16:43
And the second第二 thing,
406
988000
2000
第二件事
16:45
it's an anecdote軼事 that I'll leave離開 you with.
407
990000
2000
是一個小故事
16:47
And that is the story故事
408
992000
2000
故事是關於
16:49
of an aid援助 worker工人 in Darfur達爾富爾.
409
994000
3000
達佛(蘇丹)的一個援助人員
16:52
Here was a woman女人
410
997000
2000
這位女子
16:54
who had worked工作 in Darfur達爾富爾,
411
999000
2000
在達佛工作期間
16:56
seeing眼看 things that no human人的 being存在 should see.
412
1001000
3000
看遍所有不人道的事情
17:00
Throughout始終 her time there,
413
1005000
2000
她在達佛的時候
17:02
she was strong強大, she was steadfast堅定.
414
1007000
3000
堅強、堅定
17:05
She never broke打破 down.
415
1010000
3000
從未崩潰
17:08
And then she came來了 back to the United聯合的 States狀態
416
1013000
2000
後來她回到美國
17:10
and was on break打破, Christmas聖誕 break打破.
417
1015000
2000
在耶誕假期間
17:12
She was in her grandmother's祖母 backyard後院,
418
1017000
3000
她在她祖母的後院
17:15
and she saw something that made製作 her break打破 down in tears眼淚.
419
1020000
3000
她看到某個東西,讓她當場潰堤
17:19
What that was
420
1024000
2000
她看到的是
17:21
was a bird feeder給料機.
421
1026000
3000
野鳥餵食器
17:24
And she realized實現 that she had the great fortune幸運
422
1029000
3000
他感到非常幸運
17:27
to be born天生 in a country國家
423
1032000
2000
能出生在這個
17:29
where we take security安全 for granted理所當然,
424
1034000
3000
我們將一切視為理所當然的國家
17:32
where we not only can feed飼料, clothe覆上
425
1037000
2000
我們不但吃的飽、穿的暖、
17:34
and house ourselves我們自己,
426
1039000
3000
住的好、
17:37
but also provide提供 for wild野生 birds鳥類
427
1042000
3000
還有辦法照顧野生鳥兒
17:40
so they don't go hungry飢餓 in the winter冬季.
428
1045000
3000
讓它們冬天不會餓死
17:44
And she realized實現 that with that great fortune幸運
429
1049000
3000
她立刻明白,人越幸運
17:47
comes great responsibility責任.
430
1052000
3000
越多責任
17:50
And so, like her,
431
1055000
3000
像她一樣,
17:53
you, me,
432
1058000
2000
你、我
17:55
we have all won韓元 the lottery抽獎 of life.
433
1060000
3000
我們都非常幸運
17:58
And so the question becomes:
434
1063000
2000
那問題就是
18:00
how do we discharge卸貨 that responsibility責任?
435
1065000
3000
那我們要負什麼責任呢?
18:03
So, here's這裡的 the cause原因.
436
1068000
2000
我給了大家理由
18:05
Join加入 the movement運動.
437
1070000
2000
加入這行列
18:07
Feel happier幸福 and help save保存 the world世界.
438
1072000
3000
快樂的同時,也拯救世界
18:10
Thank you very much.
439
1075000
2000
謝謝大家
18:12
(Applause掌聲)
440
1077000
3000
(掌聲)
Translated by Adrienne Lin
Reviewed by Zhu Jie

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sheryl WuDunn - Author, journalist
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope.

Why you should listen

Sheryl WuDunn and her husband, Nick Kristof, won a Pulitzer for their New York Times coverage of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. Their joint reporting work in China and other developing nations convinced them both that, just as slavery was the moral issue of the 19th century, sex trafficking, gender-based violence and other abuses make women's rights the moral issue of the 21st.

In their book Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, WuDunn and Kristof make the case for empowering women as a means of development. Women tend to spend more on education, nutrition and business, the economic engines of growth in a community. And if we can find ways to develop the untapped potential of the millions of women who are now left uneducated, denied basic rights, oppressed and threatened -- we'll turn on a firehose of economic power that could transform the developing world.

More profile about the speaker
Sheryl WuDunn | Speaker | TED.com