ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Peter Haas - Building activist
Inveterate tinkerer Peter Haas is the co-founder of AIDG, the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group, which connect people to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach.

Why you should listen

In 2005, Peter Haas co-founded AIDG -- the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group -- an organization helping individuals and communities get affordable and environmentally sound access to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach. (Also on the board: TED Best-of-the-Web star Cat Laine.) Since co-founding AIDG, Haas has become an active voice for poverty issues, speaking at the World Bank, Harvard, MIT and other forums on technology, entrepreneurship and SME finance. He was named a TEDGlobal Fellow in 2009 and is now part of the three-year TED Senior Fellows program.

Before founding AIDG, Haas worked both in the information technology field and on an organic farm and horse ranch doing infrastructure improvement work. He tinkers in water systems, electrical systems, electronic systems, masonry, plumbing, biogas, irrigation, welding, metal casting and sustainable building.

More profile about the speaker
Peter Haas | Speaker | TED.com
TED Senior Fellows at TEDGlobal 2010

Peter Haas: When bad engineering makes a natural disaster even worse

Peter Haas談論海地的工程災難

Filmed:
370,231 views

「海地大地震不是一場天然災難,而是一場工程災難。」Peter Haas如是說。當這個國家在一月的致命地震後進行重建工作時,糟糕的舊式建築方式是不是埋下了另一顆定時炸彈?Haas的組織「適當基礎見識發展組織(AIDG)」正在幫助海地的建築工人學習現代建築及工程技術,一磚一瓦建立起一個堅固的國家。
- Building activist
Inveterate tinkerer Peter Haas is the co-founder of AIDG, the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group, which connect people to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
I learned學到了 about the Haiti海地 earthquake地震 by SkypeSkype的.
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我是從Skype上得知海地大地震
00:19
My wife妻子 sent發送 me a message信息,
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我妻子傳了訊息給我:
00:22
"Whoa, earthquake地震,"
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「哎呀,地震。」
00:24
and then disappeared消失 for 25 minutes分鐘.
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然後消失了25分鐘
00:28
It was 25 minutes分鐘 of absolute絕對 terror恐怖
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這是極為恐怖的25分鐘
00:31
that thousands數千 of people across橫過 the U.S. felt.
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在美國成千上萬個人有這種感覺
00:36
I was afraid害怕 of a tsunami海嘯;
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我很擔心會有海嘯
00:39
what I didn't realize實現
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但當時我沒有意識到
00:41
was there was a greater更大 terror恐怖 in Haiti海地,
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在海地所感受到的恐懼是更強烈的
00:44
and that was building建造 collapse坍方.
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那就是建築物倒塌了
00:47
We've我們已經 all seen看到 the photos相片
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我們都看過
00:49
of the collapsed倒塌 buildings房屋 in Haiti海地.
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海地倒塌的建築物照片
00:52
These are shots鏡頭 my wife妻子 took
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這些是我妻子
00:54
a couple一對 days after the quake地震,
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在地震之後幾天拍的
00:56
while I was making製造 my way through通過 the D.R. into the country國家.
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那時我正在穿越邊界進入該國的路上
01:00
This is the national國民 palace --
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這是皇宮
01:02
the equivalent當量 of the White白色 House.
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相當於白宮的地位
01:05
This is the largest最大 supermarket超級市場 in the Caribbean加勒比
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這是加勒比最大的超市
01:08
at peak shopping購物 time.
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是在購物的尖峰時間
01:13
This is a nurses'護士 college學院 --
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這是一所護士學校
01:15
there are 300 nurses護士 studying研究.
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裡面有300個護士正在學習
01:19
The general一般 hospital醫院 right next下一個 door
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隔壁的綜合醫院
01:21
emerged出現 largely大部分 unscathed毫髮無損.
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大部份都還完好
01:24
This is the Ministry of Economics經濟學 and Finance金融.
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這是財政部
01:30
We have all heard聽說
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我們都聽說了
01:32
about the tremendous巨大 human人的 loss失利
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在這場海地的地震中
01:35
in the earthquake地震 in Haiti海地,
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喪生的人數之多
01:37
but we haven't沒有 heard聽說 enough足夠
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但是我們對於這些人
01:40
about why all those lives生活 were lost丟失.
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為什麼會喪生的原因卻聽說的不夠多
01:43
We haven't沒有 heard聽說 about
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我們沒有聽說過
01:45
why the buildings房屋 failed失敗.
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為何建築物會倒塌
01:48
After all, it was the buildings房屋,
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追根究底,是建築物
01:50
not the earthquake地震,
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而非地震
01:52
that killed殺害 220,000 people,
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帶走了二十二萬條人命
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that injured受傷 330,000,
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傷害了三十三萬個人
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that displaced流離失所 1.3 million百萬 people,
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讓一千三百萬人流離失所
02:04
that cut off food餐飲
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並且切斷整個國家的
02:06
and water and supplies耗材
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食物、水源和物資
02:08
for an entire整個 nation國家.
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的來源
02:11
This is the largest最大 metropolitan-area大都市區 disaster災害
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這是幾十年來發生在都會區域
02:16
in decades幾十年,
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最大的災難
02:19
and it was not a natural自然 disaster災害 --
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而這並不是天災
02:22
it was a disaster災害 of engineering工程.
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這是工程疏失造成的災難
02:25
AIDGAIDG has worked工作 in Haiti海地
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「適當基礎建設發展組織(AIDG)」從2007年
02:27
since以來 2007,
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開始在海地工作
02:29
providing提供 engineering工程 and business商業 support支持
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提供工程和商業協助
02:31
to small businesses企業.
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給小型企業
02:33
And after the quake地震, we started開始 bringing使 in earthquake地震 engineers工程師
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地震之後我們開始引進地震工程師
02:37
to figure數字 out why the buildings房屋 collapsed倒塌,
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來探究為何建築物會倒塌
02:39
to examine檢查 what was safe安全 and what wasn't.
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還有來檢查看看哪些建築物是安全的而哪些不安全
02:42
Working加工 with MINUSTAH聯合國海地穩定特派團,
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聯合國在海地的任務
02:45
which哪一個 is the U.N. mission任務 in Haiti海地,
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是和聯合國海地穩定特派組織(MINUSTAH)合作
02:47
with the Ministry of Public上市 Works作品,
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在工務部
02:49
with different不同 NGOs非政府組織,
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及其他非政府組織的合作之下
02:51
we inspected檢查 over 1,500 buildings房屋.
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我們檢查了超過1500棟建築
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We inspected檢查 schools學校
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我們檢查了學校
02:57
and private私人的 residencies住院醫生.
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和民宅
02:59
We inspected檢查 medical centers中心
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我們檢查了醫療中心
03:01
and food餐飲 warehouses倉庫.
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和糧倉
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We inspected檢查 government政府 buildings房屋.
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我們檢查了政府大樓
03:05
This is the Ministry of Justice正義.
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這是法務部
03:07
Behind背後 that door
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在門後面是
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is the National國民 Judicial司法 Archives檔案.
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國家司法檔案庫
03:12
The fellow同伴 in the door, Andre安德烈 FilitraultFilitrault --
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那個在門裡的人Andre Filitrault
03:14
who's誰是 the director導向器
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是巴佛羅大學
03:16
of the Center中央 for Interdisciplinary跨學科 Earthquake地震 Engineering工程 Research研究
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跨學科地震工程研究中心
03:20
at the University大學 of Buffalo水牛 --
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的主任
03:23
was examining檢查 it to see if it was safe安全
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他為了修復檔案庫
03:25
to recover恢復 the archives檔案.
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正在檢查門是否安全
03:27
Andre安德烈 told me,
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Andre告訴我
03:29
after seeing眼看 these buildings房屋 fail失敗
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在看見那些建築
03:31
again and again in the same相同 way,
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一次又一次崩塌後
03:34
that there is no new research研究 here.
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並沒有出現任何新的研究
03:37
There is nothing here that we don't know.
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根本沒有什麼是我們不知道的
03:40
The failure失敗 points were the same相同:
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失敗點都一樣:
03:43
walls牆壁 and slabs not tied properly正確 into columns --
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牆和天花板沒有好好的固定在柱子上
03:46
that's a roof屋頂 slab hanging off the building建造 --
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那是一片懸在建築物上的屋頂
03:51
cantilevered懸臂 structures結構,
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懸壁構造
03:53
or structures結構 that were asymmetric非對稱,
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或者不對稱的構造
03:55
that shook震撼 violently猛烈 and came來了 down,
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歷經劇烈的晃動之後倒塌
03:59
poor較差的 building建造 materials物料,
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糟糕的建築材料、
04:01
not enough足夠 concrete具體,
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水泥不足、
04:03
not enough足夠 compression壓縮 in the blocks,
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磚塊砌得不夠密、
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rebar螺紋鋼 that was smooth光滑,
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光滑的鋼筋、
04:09
rebar螺紋鋼 that was exposed裸露 to the weather天氣 and had rusted生鏽 away.
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暴露在外鏽蝕的鋼筋
04:12
Now there's a solution
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所有這些問題
04:15
to all these problems問題.
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都有個解決辦法
04:17
And we know how to build建立 properly正確.
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我們知道如何把房子蓋好
04:20
The proof證明 of this came來了 in Chile智利,
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智利就是一個證明
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almost幾乎 a month later後來,
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約莫一個月之後
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when 8.8 magnitude大小 earthquake地震
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智利發生
04:30
hit擊中 Chile智利.
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規模8.8的地震
04:32
That is 500 times
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那是規模7.0的
04:34
the power功率 of the 7.0
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500倍強
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that hit擊中 Port-au-Prince太子港 --
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是發生在王子港的地震
04:39
500 times the power功率,
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的500倍
04:41
yet然而 only under a thousand casualties傷亡.
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但是只有不到一千的人員傷亡
04:46
Adjusted調整 for population人口 density密度,
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以人口密度來看,
04:48
that is less than one percent百分
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其影響程度
04:50
of the impact碰撞 of the Haitian海地 quake地震.
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小於海地大地震百分之一
04:54
What was the difference區別
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智利和海地的
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between之間 Chile智利 and Haiti海地?
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差別何在?
04:59
Seismic地震 standards標準
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建築物的抗震標準
05:01
and confined受限 masonry石工,
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和「加強磚造」
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where the building建造 acts行為 as a whole整個 --
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其作用是一體的
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walls牆壁 and columns
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牆、柱子、
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and roofs屋頂 and slabs
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屋頂和瓦片
05:10
tied together一起 to support支持 each other --
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結合在一起來彼此支撐
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instead代替 of breaking破壞 off into separate分離 members會員 and failing失敗.
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不會分崩離析而倒塌
05:18
If you look at this building建造 in Chile智利,
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來看看智利的建築
05:21
it's ripped撕開 in half,
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它從中間裂開了
05:23
but it's not a pile of rubble瓦礫.
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但是它不是一堆斷垣殘壁
05:27
Chileans智利人 have been building建造 with confined受限 masonry石工
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智利人幾十年來都在建築上運用
05:29
for decades幾十年.
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加強磚造技術
05:32
Right now, AIDGAIDG is working加工 with KPFFKPFF Consulting諮詢 Engineers工程師,
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現在,「基礎建設發展組織」正與「KPFF工程顧問公司」
05:36
Architecture建築 for Humanity人性,
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以及「人性建築組織」合作
05:38
to bring帶來 more confined受限 masonry石工 training訓練
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來引進更多關於加強磚造技術的訓練
05:41
into Haiti海地.
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到海地
05:45
This is XantusXantus Daniel丹尼爾;
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這位是Xantus Daniel
05:47
he's a mason石匠,
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他是個泥水匠
05:49
just a general一般 construction施工 worker工人, not a foreman領班,
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只是個普通的建築工人,不是工頭
05:52
who took one of our trainings培訓.
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他接受了我們的一項訓練
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On his last job工作 he was working加工 with his boss老闆,
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在他上一份工作,他和他的老闆一起做事
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and they started開始 pouring澆注 the columns wrong錯誤.
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他們使用錯的方式灌漿
06:00
He took his boss老闆 aside在旁邊,
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他把老闆帶到一邊
06:02
and he showed顯示 him the materials物料 on confined受限 masonry石工.
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並給他看加強磚造的材料
06:05
He showed顯示 him, "You know, we don't have to do this wrong錯誤.
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他說:「我們不需要做錯的事,
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It won't慣於 cost成本 us any more
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用正確的方式,
06:10
to do it the right way."
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成本也不會比較高。」
06:13
And they redid已重做 that building建造.
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後來他們就重蓋了那棟房子
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They tied the rebar螺紋鋼 right,
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他們用對的方法綁鋼筋
06:17
they poured the columns right,
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他們用對的方式灌漿
06:19
and that building建造 will be safe安全.
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因此那棟房子便會是安全的
06:21
And every一切 building建造
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而往後他們
06:23
that they build建立 going forward前鋒
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所造的每棟建築物
06:25
will be safe安全.
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都將會是安全的
06:28
To make sure these buildings房屋 are safe安全,
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為了確保這些建築物的安全
06:30
it's not going to take policy政策 --
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需要的不是政策
06:33
it's going to take reaching到達 out
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而是要對在工地工作的泥水匠
06:35
to the masons泥瓦匠 on the ground地面
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伸出援手
06:38
and helping幫助 them learn學習 the proper正確 techniques技術.
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並幫助他們學習較好的技術
06:43
Now there are many許多 groups doing this.
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現在有很多組織都在做這件事
06:45
And the fellow同伴 in the vest背心 there,
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那個穿背心的傢伙
06:47
Craig克雷格 Toten滔天,
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他叫Craig Toten
06:49
he has pushed forward前鋒
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他更進一步的
06:51
to get documentation文件 out to all the groups that are doing this.
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把文件傳送給所有從事這工作的組織
06:55
Through通過 Haiti海地 Rewired重新佈線,
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藉由海地發送電報
06:57
through通過 Build建立 Change更改, Architecture建築 for Humanity人性,
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及藉由「建造變革組織(Build Change)」、「人性建築組織」、
07:00
AIDGAIDG,
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「適當基礎建設發展組織」
07:02
there is the possibility可能性
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而有了
07:04
to reach達到 out
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能接觸到
07:07
to 30,000 -- 40,000 masons泥瓦匠
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全國三、四萬泥水匠
07:10
across橫過 the country國家
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的機會
07:12
and create創建 a movement運動 of proper正確 building建造.
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並且推動使用正確建造方式的運動
07:17
If you reach達到 out to the people on the ground地面
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如果用合作的方式
07:19
in this collaborative共同 way
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和那些工人接觸
07:21
it's extremely非常 affordable實惠.
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是完完全全負擔得起的
07:24
For the billions數十億 spent花費 on reconstruction重建,
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花費在重建的數億元經費
07:28
you can train培養 masons泥瓦匠
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可以用來訓練泥水匠
07:30
for dollars美元 on every一切 house
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來讓每一塊錢都投注到
07:32
that they end結束 up building建造 over their lifetime一生.
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他們一生所要建造的每一棟房子上
07:37
Ultimately最終,, there are two ways方法
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最後,有兩個方法
07:39
that you can rebuild重建 Haiti海地;
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可以重建海地
07:41
the way at the top最佳
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上面那個方法
07:43
is the way that Haiti's海地 been building建造 for decades幾十年.
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就是海地數十年來所用的建造方式
07:46
The way at the top最佳
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上面那個方法
07:48
is a poorly不好 constructed building建造
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是用糟糕方式建造的
07:50
that will fail失敗.
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將會倒塌的建築
07:52
The way at the bottom底部 is a confined受限 masonry石工 building建造,
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下面那個方法
07:55
where the walls牆壁 are tied together一起,
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牆都被緊緊結合在一起
07:57
the building建造 is symmetric對稱,
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建築物是對稱的
07:59
and it will stand up to an earthquake地震.
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並且能夠抵擋地震
08:02
For all the disaster災害,
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對於所有的災難
08:04
there is an opportunity機會 here
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現在有一個機會
08:07
to build建立 better houses房屋
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可以建造更好的房子
08:09
for the next下一個 generation,
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給下一個世代
08:11
so that when the next下一個 earthquake地震 hits點擊,
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如此,則當下一次地震發生的時候
08:14
it is a disaster災害 --
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雖會是一場災難
08:16
but not a tragedy悲劇.
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但不會是悲劇
08:19
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
Translated by Hermia Tsai
Reviewed by Shelley Krishna R. TSANG

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Peter Haas - Building activist
Inveterate tinkerer Peter Haas is the co-founder of AIDG, the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group, which connect people to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach.

Why you should listen

In 2005, Peter Haas co-founded AIDG -- the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group -- an organization helping individuals and communities get affordable and environmentally sound access to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach. (Also on the board: TED Best-of-the-Web star Cat Laine.) Since co-founding AIDG, Haas has become an active voice for poverty issues, speaking at the World Bank, Harvard, MIT and other forums on technology, entrepreneurship and SME finance. He was named a TEDGlobal Fellow in 2009 and is now part of the three-year TED Senior Fellows program.

Before founding AIDG, Haas worked both in the information technology field and on an organic farm and horse ranch doing infrastructure improvement work. He tinkers in water systems, electrical systems, electronic systems, masonry, plumbing, biogas, irrigation, welding, metal casting and sustainable building.

More profile about the speaker
Peter Haas | Speaker | TED.com