ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Cesar Harada - Inventor, environmentalist, educator
TED Senior Fellow Cesar Harada aims to harness the forces of nature as he invents innovative remedies for man-made problems like oil spills and radioactive leaks.

Why you should listen

Cesar Harada believes that ocean currents, the wind and other naturally occuring phenomenon can provide unique inspiration and novel solutions to mankind’s worst disasters, like oil spills and radioactive leaks. A French-Japanese inventor and TED senior fellow, he is the creator of Protei, a revolutionary sailing technology -- featuring a front rudder, flexible hull and open-soure hardware -- that allows for efficient clean up of both oil and plastics from the sea. Currently based in London, Harada recently traveled to Japan and is designing Protei to measure radioactivity along the country's coast.

The general coordinator of the future International Ocean Station, Harada teaches at Goldsmiths University London. A former project leader at MIT, he graduated form the Royal College of Arts Design Interactions in London and worked at the Southampton University Hydrodynamics laboratory on wave energy. Harada has also studied animantion, and his films and installations have been seen at festivals and events across the world, from the United States to Japan.

More profile about the speaker
Cesar Harada | Speaker | TED.com
TED Fellows Retreat 2015

Cesar Harada: How I teach kids to love science

Cesar Harada: 教孩子愛上科學嘅方法

Filmed:
1,776,679 views

喺港灣小學,Cesar Harada 向下一代嘅環境學家教授平民科學及發明課。佢將課室搬到一個非常大嘅工業用空間,令豐富想像力嘅小朋友可以做木工、金工、化學實驗、生物實驗、光學實驗。偶爾仲可以利用電動工具嚟解決海洋問題。喺嗰度,佢實踐佢細個父母教佢嘅嘢:可以將地方整亂,但做完必須將地方執好。
- Inventor, environmentalist, educator
TED Senior Fellow Cesar Harada aims to harness the forces of nature as he invents innovative remedies for man-made problems like oil spills and radioactive leaks. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
When I was a kid孩子,
my parents父母 would tell me,
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當我仲係一個細路嘅時候
我父母同我講 ︰
「你可以將地方搞亂,
但你要執返好佢。」
00:16
"You can make a mess混亂,
but you have to clean清潔 up after yourself自己."
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00:20
So freedom自由 came with responsibility責任.
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所以,自由嘅代價係責任
我嘅想像力會將我帶到
所有呢啲咁美好嘅地方
00:23
But my imagination想象 would take me
to all these wonderful美妙 places地方,
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呢啲地方乜嘢都有可能
00:27
where everything was possible可能.
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所以我係天真咁長大
00:29
So I grew增長 up in a bubble泡沫 of innocence清白 --
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或者無知咁長大
00:32
or a bubble泡沫 of ignorance無知, I should say,
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因為大人總係會講大話
唔話俾我知羞陋嘅真相
00:34
because adults成人 would lie謊言 to us
to protect保護 us from the ugly樣衰 truth真理.
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當我長大,我發現大人都會將啲嘢搞亂
00:39
And growing增長 up, I found發現 out
that adults成人 make a mess混亂,
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00:43
and they're not very good
at cleaning清洗 up after themselves自己.
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但佢哋唔係好識得收拾亂局
00:47
Fast快速 forward向前, I am an adult成人 now,
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我宜家已經係一個成年人
我喺香港港灣小學教平民科學同發明課
00:49
and I teach citizen公民 science科學 and invention發明
at the Hong Kong Harbour海港 School學校.
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冇幾耐
00:54
And it doesn't take too long
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我嘅學生就喺沙灘度跆到好多垃圾
00:55
before my students學生 walk on a beach海灘
and stumble絆倒 upon之後 piles of trash垃圾.
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作為好公民,我哋清理沙灘上嘅垃圾
01:00
So as good citizens公民,
we clean清潔 up the beaches海灘 --
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呀唔係,佢唔係喺度飲酒
01:02
and no, he is not drinking alcohol酒精,
and if he is, I did not give it to him.
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就算係,我都唔俾佢飲
01:07
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:09
And so it's sad傷心 to say,
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雖然講出嚟有啲悲哀
但確實今日超過八成嘅海洋
都有塑膠垃圾
01:11
but today今日 more than 80 percent百分比
of the oceans海洋 have plastic in them.
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呢個係好可怕嘅事實
01:15
It's a horrifying可怕 fact事實.
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01:16
And in past過去 decades幾十年,
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喺過去幾十年
我哋開船,用大嘅網
01:18
we've我哋都 been taking採取 those big ships船舶 out
and those big nets,
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撈起海裡面嘅塑膠
01:21
and we collect收集 those plastic bits
that we look at under a microscope顯微鏡,
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跟住將佢哋擺喺顯微鏡下觀察
01:25
and we sort排序 them,
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我哋將佢哋分類
01:26
and then we put this data數據 onto a map地圖.
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然後將所得資料以地圖形式表達
01:28
But that takes forever永遠,
it's very expensive昂貴,
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但呢樣需要非常多嘅時間,成本都好高
所以用呢啲船好冒險
01:30
and so it's quite都幾 risky風險
to take those big boats out.
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01:33
So with my students學生, ages年齡 six to 15,
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我同我嘅學生,由六歲到十五歲不等
我哋一直諗住發明一個
更好嘅方法嚟處理垃圾
01:36
we've我哋都 been dreaming做夢
of inventing發明 a better way.
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所以我哋將呢個細細嘅課室
變成一個工作室
01:39
So we've我哋都 transformed轉化 our tiny
Hong Kong classroom課堂 into a workshop車間.
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我哋開始起呢個細嘅工作檯
01:43
And so we started初時 building建築
this small workbench工作台,
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高度係可以調較
01:46
with different不同 heights高度,
so even really short kids孩子 can participate參與.
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咁樣冇咁高嘅學生都可以用張檯
01:49
And let me tell you, kids孩子 with power權力 tools工具
are awesome and safe安全.
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等我話你知
細路用工具其實好勁同好安全
01:53
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
啱啱講笑
01:55
Not really.
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所以,返到去塑膠呢個主題
01:56
And so, back to plastic.
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我哋收集塑膠
01:58
We collect收集 this plastic and we grind it
to the size大小 we find it in the ocean海洋,
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將佢磨到海上塑膠垃圾嘅大小
02:01
which is very small
because it breaks休息 down.
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即係磨到非常之細
因為海上面嘅塑膠分解咗
02:04
And so this is how we work.
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呢個就係我哋做嘅方式
我俾學生自由發揮想像
02:05
I let the imaginations想象力
of my students學生 run運行 wild野生.
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我嘅工作就係由集合
佢哋每一個最好嘅諗法
02:08
And my job工作 is to try to collect收集
the best最好 of each每個 kid's孩子的 idea想法
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整成一個行得通嘅方法
02:12
and try to combine結合 it into something
that hopefully希望 would work.
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02:17
And so we have agreed同意
that instead相反 of collecting收集 plastic bits,
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所以我哋決定唔收海面垃圾
改為收集相關數據
02:21
we are going to collect收集 only the data數據.
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我哋會用機械人去影塑膠垃圾
02:23
So we're going to get an image圖像
of the plastic with a robot機械人 --
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一提到機械人,小朋友就好雀躍
02:26
so robots機械人, kids孩子 get very excited興奮.
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下一步我哋好快咁做一個模型出嚟
02:28
And the next thing we do --
we do what we call "rapid快速 prototyping成型."
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我哋做模型做得超快
02:31
We are so rapid快速 at prototyping成型
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午餐啲飯仲喺個飯盒度就切好曬啲嘢
02:33
that the lunch午餐 is still in the lunchbox午餐盒
when we're hacking黑客 it.
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(笑聲)
02:36
(Laughter笑聲)
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我哋將枱燈同網路攝錄機
安裝到水管系統上面
02:37
And we hack黑客 table lamps and webcams攝像頭,
into plumbing管道 fixtures夾具
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然後將佢裝落去一個可以
喺水面垃圾之中
02:42
and we assemble組裝 that into a floating浮動 robot機械人
that will be slowly慢慢 moving移動 through透過 water
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慢慢移動嘅機械人
02:47
and through透過 the plastic
that we have there --
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由我哋收集到嘅塑膠垃圾影像
呢張係機械人影到嘅嘢
02:49
and this is the image圖像
that we get in the robot機械人.
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我哋見到一啲塑膠慢慢流過個感應器
02:51
So we see the plastic pieces
floating浮動 slowly慢慢 through透過 the sensor傳感器,
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機械人上面嘅電腦會分析影像
02:55
and the computer計數機 on board
will process過程 this image圖像,
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計算出每件塑膠嘅大細
02:58
and measure措施 the size大小 of each每個 particle粒子,
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所以我哋可以粗略估算
水裡邊有幾多塑膠
03:00
so we have a rough粗糙 estimate估計
of how much plastic there is in the water.
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03:05
So we documented記錄
this invention發明 step by step
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我哋將呢個發明全部紀錄低
放上一專為發明者而設嘅網站
Instructables 度
03:08
on a website網站 for inventors發明家
called Instructables咁 instructables,
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希望有人可以改良佢
03:11
in the hope希望 that somebody有人
would make it even better.
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03:15
What was really cool about this project項目
was that the students學生 saw a local當地 problem個問題,
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呢個項目有趣在於
學生見到一個本地問題
然後佢哋就即刻解決佢
03:19
and boom繁榮 -- they are trying試圖
to immediately即刻 address地址 it.
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(我可以研究本地嘅問題)
03:22
[I can investigate探討 my local當地 problem個問題]
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但我香港嘅學生好識得用網絡
03:24
But my students學生 in Hong Kong
are hyperconnectedhyperconnected kids孩子.
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佢哋會睇新聞、 上網
03:28
And they watch the news新聞,
they watch the Internet互聯網,
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然後佢哋搵到呢張相
03:30
and they came across this image圖像.
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03:33
This was a child孩子, probably可能 under 10,
cleaning清洗 up an oil spill洩漏 bare-handed裸手,
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一個大概十歲樓下嘅細路
喺孟加拉孫德爾本斯
全世界最大嘅紅樹林
03:38
in the Sundarbans孙德尔本斯, which is the world's世界嘅
largest最大 mangrove紅樹林 forest森林 in Bangladesh孟加拉囯.
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徒手清理油污
03:43
So they were very shocked震驚,
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我嘅學生都非常震訝
03:45
because this is the water they drink,
this is the water they bathe冲凉 in,
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因為呢度嘅水都係
當地居民飲用、洗澡用嘅水
佢哋都喺呢個水域捕魚
03:48
this is the water they fish in --
this is the place地方 where they live.
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呢度就係佢哋住嘅地方
03:52
And also you can see the water is brown棕色,
the mud is brown棕色 and oil is brown棕色,
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你可以見到水、泥土同油污都係啡色
所以當所有嘢都被油覆蓋時
03:56
so when everything is mixed混合 up,
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好難望到水裡面有咩
03:57
it's really hard努力 to see
what's in the water.
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不過有一種幾簡單嘅科技
04:00
But, there's a technology技術
that's rather simple簡單,
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叫做光譜測量
04:02
that's called spectrometry,
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可以俾你望到水裡面有咩嘢
04:04
that allows允許 you see what's in the water.
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所以我哋做咗個
未算好準確嘅光譜測量儀
04:06
So we built建立 a rough粗糙 prototype原型
of a spectrometer光譜儀,
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你可以用光照唔同嘅物質
04:09
and you can shine閃耀 light
through透過 different不同 substances物質
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然後就可以得出唔同嘅光吸收譜
04:12
that produce生產 different不同 spectrums,
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咁樣就可以幫你分辨出水裡面有咩物質
04:14
so that can help you
identify識別 what's in the water.
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我哋將呢個測量儀包好
04:18
So we packed包裝 this prototype原型 of a sensor傳感器,
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寄去孟加拉
04:21
and we shipped it to Bangladesh孟加拉囯.
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04:23
So what was cool about this project項目
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呢個項目有趣在
佢唔只係解決一個本地問題
04:25
was that beyond超越 addressing解決
a local當地 problem個問題,
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或者研究一個本地問題
04:28
or looking at a local當地 problem個問題,
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我嘅學生用佢哋嘅同理心同創意
04:30
my students學生 used their佢哋 empathy迻情
and their佢哋 sense of being creative創造性
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去幫助遠方嘅其他小朋友
04:34
to help, remotely遠程, other kids孩子.
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(我可以研究一個喺好遠地方嘅問題)
04:36
[I can investigate探討 a remote遠程 problem個問題]
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所以做完第二個實驗之後
我得到好多動力
04:38
So I was very compelled迫使
by doing the second第二 experiments實驗,
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我想將更推進一步
04:40
and I wanted to take it even further進一步 --
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可能係解決更複雜嘅問題
04:43
maybe addressing解決 an even harder problem個問題,
and it's also closer to my heart.
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都係我想做嘅事情
04:48
So I'm half一半 Japanese日文 and half一半 French法文,
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我係日法混血兒
你可能會記得 2011 年
日本嗰場好強嘅地震
04:51
and maybe you remember記得 in 2011
there was a massive大規模 earthquake地震 in Japan日本.
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04:57
It was so violent暴力 that it triggered引發
several幾個 giant巨大 waves --
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嚴重到引發咗好幾波巨浪
就係海嘯
05:00
they are called tsunami海嘯 --
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海嘯摧毀咗日本東邊好多沿岸城市
05:02
and those tsunami海嘯 destroyed摧毀 many好多 cities城市
on the eastern東部 coast海岸 of Japan日本.
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05:10
More than 14,000 people
died in an instant即時.
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超過 14,000 人喺一瞬那喪生
05:15
Also, it damaged損壞 the nuclear
power權力 plant植物 of Fukushima福島,
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海嘯亦都令座落喺海邊嘅
福島核電廠損毀
05:19
the nuclear power權力 plant植物 just by the water.
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05:22
And today今日, I read the reports報告
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今日我睇報告話
大約 300 噸核污水
05:24
and an average平均 of 300 tons
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由核電廠流到太平洋
05:28
are leaking洩漏 from the nuclear power權力 plant植物
into the Pacific太平洋 Ocean海洋.
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所以今日成個太平洋
都有微量嘅銫 -137 元素
05:31
And today今日 the whole整個 Pacific太平洋 Ocean海洋
has traces of contamination污染 of cesium-銫-137.
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如果你去美國西岸
05:38
If you go outside外面 on the West西 Coast海岸,
you can measure措施 Fukushima福島 everywhere周圍.
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周圍都可以量度到嚟自福島嘅輻射
05:42
But if you look at the map地圖,
it can look like most of the radioactivity放射性
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但當你睇返地圖,似乎大部分嘅核輻射
都被海水沖離日本海岸
05:45
has been washed away
from the Japanese日文 coast海岸,
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好似宜家大部分輻射都安全
05:47
and most of it is now --
it looks睇黎 like it's safe安全, it's blue藍色.
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但其實情況係比較複雜嘅
05:50
Well, reality現實 is a bit
more complicated複雜 than this.
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核災以嚟我每年都會到福島一次
05:54
So I've been going to Fukushima福島
every year since因為 the accident事故,
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我同其他科學家一齊進行獨立調查
05:57
and I measure措施 independently獨立
and with other scientists科學家,
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喺土地上,喺河流裡面
06:00
on land土地, in the river --
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今次我哋想帶埋細路
06:02
and this time we wanted to take the kids孩子.
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當然我哋冇帶小朋友去
06:05
So of course課程 we didn't take the kids孩子,
the parents父母 wouldn't唔會 allow允許 that to happen發生.
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父母都唔肯俾佢哋去
06:08
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
但每晚我哋會報告俾「行動總部」知
06:10
But every night we would report報告
to "Mission任務 Control控制" --
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佢哋戴唔同面具
06:14
different不同 masks面具 they're wearing穿.
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睇起上嚟佢哋唔係好認真工作
06:16
It could look like they didn't take
the work seriously嚴重, but they really did
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但其實佢哋係好認真
06:20
because they're going to have to live
with radioactivity放射性 their佢哋 whole整個 life.
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因為佢哋成世人都要面對輻射
06:25
And so what we did with them
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所以我哋同佢哋
討論當日收集到嘅數據
06:27
is that we'd我哋會 discuss討論 the data數據
we collected收集 that day,
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思考我哋接住落嚟要做啲咩
06:30
and talk about where
we should be going next --
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策略、行程等等⋯
06:32
strategy策略, itinerary行程, etc...
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為咗做呢啲
我哋繪製咗個好簡單嘅地形圖
06:34
And to do this, we built建立
a very rough粗糙 topographical地形 map地圖
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顯示核電廠周圍嘅地方
06:38
of the region一區 around
the nuclear power權力 plant植物.
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之後我哋整埋個立視圖
06:41
And so we built建立 the elevation海拔 map地圖,
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灑上顏料,反映輻射嘅實時數據
06:43
we sprinkled pigments顏料 to represent代表
real-time實時 data數據 for radioactivity放射性,
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我哋灑上水嚟模擬落雨
06:47
and we sprayed water
to simulate模擬 the rainfall降雨.
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咁樣我哋就可以見到輻射塵埃
06:52
And with this we could see
that the radioactive放射性 dust
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由山上沖到落河裡面
06:55
was washing from the top返回頁首 of the mountain
into the river system系統,
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然後流到大海
06:58
and leaking洩漏 into the ocean海洋.
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呢個係一個粗略估算
06:59
So it was a rough粗糙 estimate估計.
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07:02
But with this in mind介意,
we organized組織 this expedition遠征,
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有咗呢個概念之後
我哋組織咗一次探索行動
呢次係平民最接近核電廠嘅一次
07:05
which was the closest最近 civilians平民 have been
to the nuclear power權力 plant植物.
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我哋喺距離核電廠 1.5 公里嘅海面上面
07:09
We are sailing航行 1.5 kilometers公里 away
from the nuclear power權力 plant植物,
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因為有漁民幫手
07:13
and with the help of the local當地 fisherman漁夫,
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我哋先至收集到海床上面嘅沉積物
07:15
we are collecting收集 sediment泥沙 from the seabed海底
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用我哋發明嘅沉積物採集器
07:17
with a custom自定義 sediment泥沙 sampler採樣
we've我哋都 invented發明 and built建立.
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我哋將沉澱物放入細膠袋
07:21
We pack the sediment泥沙 into small bags,
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然後再擺入幾百個袋
07:24
we then dispatch調度 them
to hundreds數以百計 of small bags
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送去唔同嘅大學
07:26
that we send發送 to different不同 universities大學,
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然後我哋做咗個海床輻射地圖
07:28
and we produce生產 the map地圖
of the seabed海底 radioactivity放射性,
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特別針對魚類繁殖嘅河口
07:31
especially尤其係 in estuaries河口
where the fish will reproduce繁殖,
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我希望我哋嘅工作
07:34
and I will hope希望 that we will have improved改進
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能夠令本地漁民
同你鍾意嘅壽司都安全啲
07:36
the safety安全 of the local當地 fishermen漁民
and of your favorite中意 sushi壽司.
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(笑聲)
07:39
(Laughter笑聲)
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你可以見到一個發展歷程
07:40
You can see a progression進展 here --
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我哋由本地問題開始
07:42
we've我哋都 gone from a local當地 problem個問題
to a remote遠程 problem個問題 to a global全球 problem個問題.
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到偏遠地方嘅問題,再到全球問題
07:47
And it's been super超級 exciting令人興奮
to work at these different不同 scales尺度,
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喺不同規模度做令人非常之興奮
興奮亦都在於用嘅科技都係簡單同開放
07:50
with also very simple簡單,
open-source開源 technologies技術.
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但係同時愈嚟愈令人覺得挫折
07:53
But at the same相同 time,
it's been increasingly越黎越 frustrating令人沮喪
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因為我哋只係啱啱開始量度
我哋過去造成傷害
07:57
because we have only started初時 to measure措施
the damage損傷 that we have done.
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我哋仲未開始解決問題
08:00
We haven't even started初時
to try to solve解決 the problems個問題.
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08:05
And so I wonder
if we should just take a leap飛躍
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所以我諗,或者我哋嚟一個進步
發明更加好嘅嘢解決曬所有問題
08:08
and try to invent發明 better ways方式
to do all these things.
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08:13
And so the classroom課堂
started初時 to feel a little bit small,
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諗好之後我哋發覺課室唔夠大
我哋喺香港搵咗一個工廠大廈嘅單位
08:17
so we found發現 an industrial工業
site網站 in Hong Kong,
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將佢改成最大空間
08:19
and we turned打開 it into
the largest最大 mega-space巨型空間
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專注於社會同環境影響方面嘅工作
08:23
focused集中 on social社會
and environmental環境 impact影響.
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佢喺香港嘅市區
08:26
It's in central中央 Hong Kong,
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一個我哋可以做木工、金工
化學、生物、光學嘅地方
08:27
and it's a place地方 we can work
with wood木材, metal金屬, chemistry化學,
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08:30
a bit of biology生物學, a bit of optics光學,
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基本上你可以喺呢度整到任何嘢
08:32
basically基本上 you can build建立
pretty much everything there.
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呢個係一個大人同細路
可以一齊玩嘅地方
08:35
And its a place地方 where
adults成人 and kids孩子 can play together一起.
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一個大人幫小朋友實現夢想
08:38
It's a place地方 where
kids'孩子 ' dreams夢想 can come true真係,
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令細路夢想可以成真嘅地方
08:41
with the help of adults成人,
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大人都可以喺度重新體驗做細路嘅感覺
08:43
and where adults成人 can be kids孩子 again.
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學生:加速!加速!
08:44
Student學生: Acceleration加速度! Acceleration加速度!
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講者︰我哋問梗一啲問題,例如
08:48
Cesar愷撒 Harada原田: We're asking問吓
questions個問題 such as,
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我哋可唔可以用再生能源
創造未來行路嘅工具嗎?
08:50
can we invent發明 the future未來 of mobility流動性
with renewable再生 energy能源?
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08:53
For example例子.
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08:55
Or, can we help the mobility流動性
of the aging老化 population人口
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或者我哋可唔可以幫老化緊嘅人口
將輪椅改裝成電動車?
08:59
by transforming轉化 very standard標準 wheelchairs輪椅
into cool, electric vehicles車輛?
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09:05
So plastic, oil and radioactivity放射性
are horrible可怕, horrible可怕 legacies遺產,
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塑膠、石油同輻射
都係人類留低好可怕嘅嘢
但都未算最壞
09:11
but the very worst糟糕 legacy遺產
that we can leave離開 our children孩子 is lies謊言.
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最壞嘅係對細路講大話
09:16
We can no longer afford
to shield屏蔽 the kids孩子 from the ugly樣衰 truth真理
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我哋唔能夠再對細路仔隱瞞核突嘅真相
因為我哋需要佢哋嘅想像力
去整一啲解決方案出嚟
09:22
because we need their佢哋 imagination想象
to invent發明 the solutions解決方案.
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所以,平民科學家、生產者、夢想家
09:26
So citizen公民 scientists科學家, makers製造商, dreamers夢想 --
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我哋一定要培育好下個世代
09:31
we must必須 prepare準備 the next generation生成
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令佢哋關心環境同人類
09:34
that cares在乎 about
the environment環境 and people,
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咁樣佢哋先能夠做出真正改變
09:37
and that can actually講真
do something about it.
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09:40
Thank you.
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多謝
(掌聲)
09:41
(Applause掌聲)
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Translated by Juliana So
Reviewed by Chak Lam Wan

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Cesar Harada - Inventor, environmentalist, educator
TED Senior Fellow Cesar Harada aims to harness the forces of nature as he invents innovative remedies for man-made problems like oil spills and radioactive leaks.

Why you should listen

Cesar Harada believes that ocean currents, the wind and other naturally occuring phenomenon can provide unique inspiration and novel solutions to mankind’s worst disasters, like oil spills and radioactive leaks. A French-Japanese inventor and TED senior fellow, he is the creator of Protei, a revolutionary sailing technology -- featuring a front rudder, flexible hull and open-soure hardware -- that allows for efficient clean up of both oil and plastics from the sea. Currently based in London, Harada recently traveled to Japan and is designing Protei to measure radioactivity along the country's coast.

The general coordinator of the future International Ocean Station, Harada teaches at Goldsmiths University London. A former project leader at MIT, he graduated form the Royal College of Arts Design Interactions in London and worked at the Southampton University Hydrodynamics laboratory on wave energy. Harada has also studied animantion, and his films and installations have been seen at festivals and events across the world, from the United States to Japan.

More profile about the speaker
Cesar Harada | Speaker | TED.com