ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aditi Gupta - Social entrepreneur, co-founder of Menstrupedia
Aditi Gupta uses storytelling and art to educate young girls about menstruation.

Why you should listen

Aditi Gupta is a social entrepreneur and co-founder of Menstrupedia, working towards spreading awareness about menstruation. While studying at the National Institute of Design as a Ford Foundation research scholar, she has conducted extensive research in understanding the scenario of menstrual unawareness in India and its impact on a girl's life. She has designed effective educational tools for girls and schools using storytelling and sequential art for educating young girls about periods in a society where the subject is a major taboo.

Menstrupedia Comic is a complete guide on periods designed by Menstrupedia team being used by more than 30 schools across India. The books are being distributed in other countries like Nepal, South America and Nigeria.

Gupta is a World Economic Forum Global Shaper and made it to the achiever's list of Forbes India 30 under 30 in 2014 for her work towards breaking the taboo around menstruation. She is a International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) alumni. Her work has been featured in The Wall Street Journal, Reuters, CNBC and BBC. She aspires to create a future where menstruation is not a taboo but a welcoming change in a girl's life.

More profile about the speaker
Aditi Gupta | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxGatewayWomen

Aditi Gupta: A taboo-free way to talk about periods

Additional Gupta: 一種無禁忌談論經期嘅方法

Filmed:
1,676,262 views

好多人都覺得談論月經好唔自在,呢個係事實。而且呢啲禁忌係有後果嘅:係印度每十個女仔就有三個經期來臨時,連乜嘢係月經都唔知道。嗰啲有關嘅習俗約束令到年輕嘅女仔心理受到傷害。Aditi Gupta 背負著呢啲禁忌長大,佢要幫助嗰啲女仔、家長同老師唔會感到羞恥,仲可以輕鬆咁討論月經。佢告訴大家佢點樣達成呢個願望。
- Social entrepreneur, co-founder of Menstrupedia
Aditi Gupta uses storytelling and art to educate young girls about menstruation. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Periods時期.
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經期
00:14
Blood.
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月經
00:15
Menstruation月經.
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00:17
Gross.
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核突
秘密
00:19
Secret秘密.
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遮遮掩掩
00:20
Hidden隱藏.
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00:22
Why?
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點解?
00:24
A natural自然 biological生物 process過程
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呢個係每個女仔同女人
00:26
that every girl女孩 and woman女人
goes through透過 every month
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半世人每個月都會經歷嘅
自然生理過程
00:30
for about half一半 of her life.
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00:32
A phenomenon現象 that is so significant重要
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呢個現象好緊要
00:35
that the survival生存 and propagation傳播
of our species物種 depends要睇 on it.
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因為關乎人類生存同繁殖後代
00:40
Yet尚未 we consider諗緊 it a taboo禁忌.
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但是我哋覺得呢啲係禁忌
00:43
We feel awkward尷尬
and shameful可恥 talking講嘢 about it.
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講呢樣嗰時又尷尬又覺得羞恥
00:47
When I got my first periods時期,
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當我嚟咗第一次經期時
00:49
I was told to keep it
a secret秘密 from others --
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有人叫我唔好話俾人聽
00:52
even from my father老竇 and brother哥哥.
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連兄弟同爸爸,都唔好講
00:55
Later之後 when this chapter
appeared出現 in our textbooks教科書,
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無幾耐,當我嘅敎科書講到呢樣嘢
00:58
our biology生物學 teacher先生 skipped the subject主題.
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我嘅生物科老師竟然跳過呢個課題
01:00
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:04
You know what I learned from it?
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你知我從中學到乜嘢?
01:06
I learned that it is really
shameful可恥 to talk about it.
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就係學識講呢樣嘢係好羞恥
01:10
I learned to be ashamed羞愧 of my body身體.
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對自己嘅身體感到難為情
01:12
I learned to stay unaware of periods時期
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學識點樣唔覺經期嚟咗
01:15
in order to stay decent體面.
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咁樣就可以好莊重
01:18
Research研究 in various各種 parts部分 of India印度
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有研究顯示印度各地方
01:20
shows顯示 that three out of every 10 girls女孩
are not aware of menstruation月經
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每十個女孩就有三個
第一次嚟經都唔知道咩係月經
01:25
at the time of their佢哋 first periods時期.
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01:27
And in some parts部分 of Rajasthan拉贾斯坦邦
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拉賈欺坦有啲地方
01:29
this number數量 is as high as nine
out of 10 girls女孩 being unaware of it.
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每十個女仔有多到九個都唔識
01:34
You'd你會 be surprised驚訝 to know
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你哋會好出奇
01:36
that most of the girls女孩
that I have spoken發言 to,
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我同好多女仔傾過
01:38
who did not know about periods時期
at the time of their佢哋 first menstruation月經
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佢哋竟然唔知第一次經期就係月經
01:42
thought that they have got blood cancer癌症
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仲以為係患咗血癌
01:44
and they're going to die soon好快.
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以為要死
01:48
Menstrual月經 hygiene衛生
is a very important重要 risk風險 factor因素
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經期嘅衛生係
生殖系統感染嘅最主要病因
01:51
for reproductive生殖 tract infections感染.
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印度淨係得 12% 婦女
01:55
But in India印度, only 12 percent百分比
of girls女孩 and women婦女
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01:58
have access訪問 to hygienic衛生 ways方式
of managing管理 their佢哋 periods時期.
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知道點喺經期保持衛生
02:02
If you do the math數學,
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如果你計下數
02:04
88 percent百分比 of girls女孩 and women婦女 use
unhygienic衛生 ways方式 to manage管理 their佢哋 periods時期.
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就知有 88% 婦女經期處理得唔衛生
02:09
I was one of them.
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我就係其中一個
02:11
I grew增長 up in a small town
called GarhwaGarhwa, in Jharkhand贾坎德邦,
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我係加爾克漢德省加爾赫瓦小城長大
02:14
where even buying a sanitary衛生 napkin餐巾
is considered諗緊 shameful可恥.
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聽到啲人連去買衛生巾
我都覺得好瘀
02:18
So when I started初時 getting得到 my periods時期,
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初初我有經期嗰時,我用啲碎布
02:20
I began初時 with using使用 rags碎布.
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02:24
After every use
I would wash and reuse重用 them.
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每次用完都會洗乾淨再用過
02:27
But to store商店 them,
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但係收拾嗰時
02:28
I would hide隱藏 and keep it
in a dark黑暗, damp潮濕 place地方
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就要收埋係又黑又濕嘅地方
02:31
so that nobody finds發現 out
that I'm menstruating經期.
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咁樣就無人知道我月經嚟咗
02:34
Due由于 to repeated重複 washing
the rags碎布 would become成為 coarse,
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由於重覆清洗,碎布已經粗糙
02:37
and I would often經常 get rashes皮疹
and infections感染 using使用 them.
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我用咗之後,成日出疹或者感染病
02:40
I wore穿 these already for five years
until直到 I moved out of that town.
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我用咗足足五年
直到我搬離呢個城市
02:47
Another另一個 issue個問題
that periods時期 brought in my life
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經期對我嘅生活帶嚟另外一個問題
02:50
those of the social社會 restrictions限制
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就係嗰啲強加於
月經來潮嘅婦女嘅社會限制
02:52
that are imposed徵收 upon之後 our girls女孩
and women婦女 when they're on their佢哋 periods時期.
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我諗你哋一定好清楚
02:56
I think you all must必須 be aware of it,
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02:59
but I'll still list列表 it
for the few幾個 who don't.
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但我仲係列曬出嚟
講俾唔知嘅人聽
03:02
I was not allowed允許 to touch or eat pickles泡菜.
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唔准掂同食醃菜
03:05
I was not allowed允許 to sit on the sofa梳化
or some other family家庭 member's成員嘅 bed.
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唔准坐梳化或者屋企人嘅床上
03:10
I had to wash my bed sheet
after every period時期,
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每次經期完咗要洗床單
03:13
even if it was not stained染色.
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就算床單無汚糟到
03:15
I was considered諗緊 impure雜質
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他們認為我唔純潔
03:17
and forbidden禁止 from worshipping崇拜 or touching
any object對象 of religious宗教 importance重要性.
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禁止我參拜或者掂一啲聖物
03:22
You'll你咪會 find signposts路標 outside外面 temples寺廟
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你會發現寺廟出面有牌路牌
03:25
denying否認 the entry進入
of menstruating經期 girls女孩 and women婦女.
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禁止正在嚟緊經期嘅婦女進入
03:29
Ironically具有諷刺意味,
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真係諷刺
03:30
most of the time it is the older woman女人
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好多時上咗年紀嘅女人
03:33
who imposes規定 such restrictions限制
on younger年輕 girls女孩 in a family家庭.
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將咁樣嘅限制對付屋企嘅細路女
03:38
After all, they have grown大個 up
accepting接受 such restrictions限制 as norms規範.
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雖然咁樣,佢哋大個咗之後
將限制當作常規
03:42
And in the absence of any intervention干預,
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由於冇人阻止
03:45
it is the myth神話 and misconception誤解
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呢啲鬼話同誤解一代一代咁傳落去
03:47
that propagate傳播
from generation生成 to generation生成.
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03:51
During my years of work in this field領域,
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我係呢個領域工作嗰時
03:53
I have even come across stories故事
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曾經聽過有啲傳說
03:54
where girls女孩 have to eat
and wash their佢哋 dishes separately分别.
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話嚟咗經期嘅女仔
要分開洗自己用過嘅碗碟
03:58
They're not allowed允許
to take baths during periods時期,
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又唔准冲涼
04:00
and in some households家庭 they are even
secluded僻靜 from other family家庭 members成員.
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有啲家庭甚至將佢哋同屋企人隔離
04:05
About 85 percent百分比 of girls女孩
and women婦女 in India印度
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大約有 85% 印度婦女喺月經來潮時
04:09
would follow遵循 one or more restrictive制約
customs海關 on their佢哋 periods時期 every month.
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要遵守一個或以上嘅風俗規限
04:15
Can you imagine想象 what this does
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你想像得到咁樣對女仔嘅自尊同自信
04:16
to the self-esteem自尊
and self-confidence自信 of a young年輕 girl女孩?
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有乜嘢影響?
04:20
The psychological心理 trauma創傷
that this inflicts造成,
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佢哋遭受呢啲心理創傷會影響早年成長
04:23
affecting影響 her personality人格,
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包括個性、學業成績
04:26
her academic學術 performance性能
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04:27
and every single aspect方面 of growing增長 up
during her early早期 formative形成 years?
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同長大期間嘅每個環節
04:33
I religiously宗教 followed黎緊 all these
restrictive制約 customs海關 for 13 years,
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我虔誠遵守呢啲風俗約束已經 13 年
04:38
until直到 a discussion討論 with my partner拍檔, TuhinTuhin,
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直到我跟自己嘅伴侶 Tuhin 討論過
至永遠改變對月經嘅睇法
04:40
changed my perception感知
about menstruation月經 forever永遠.
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04:44
In 2009, TuhinTuhin and I were pursuing追求
our postgraduationpostgraduation in design設計.
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2009年,我同佢攻讀設計學研究
04:49
We fell下跌 in love with each每個 other
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我哋共墮愛河
04:51
and I was at ease緩解
discussing討論 periods時期 with him.
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我好輕鬆同佢討論月經的事情
04:54
TuhinTuhin knew little about periods時期.
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佢知道少少
04:57
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
05:03
He was astonished驚訝 to know
that girls女孩 get painful痛苦 cramps抽筋
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佢對於我哋每月都出血
05:07
and we bleed流血 every month.
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同腹部絞痛,感到驚訝
05:08
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
05:11
Yeah.
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係囉
05:12
He was completely完全 shocked震驚 to know
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佢好震驚
05:14
about the restrictions限制 that are imposed徵收
upon之後 menstruating經期 girls女孩 and women婦女
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知道呢啲加喺經期婦女嘅規限
居然係嚟自自己社會同屋企人
05:19
by their佢哋 own自己 families家庭 and their佢哋 society社會.
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05:22
In order to help me with my cramps抽筋,
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佢為咗幫我解決腹絞痛嘅問題
05:24
he would go on the Internet互聯網
and learn學習 more about menstruation月經.
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佢上網學習更多月經知識
05:28
When he shared共享 his findings發現 with me,
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當佢俾我睇佢搵到嘅資料時
05:30
I realized實現 how little I knew
about menstruation月經 myself自己.
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我先至發覺自己對月經嘅認識好皮毛
05:33
And many好多 of my beliefs信仰
actually講真 turned打開 out to be myths神話.
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好多我哋嘅傳統睇法其實都係鬼話
05:38
That's when we wondered:
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我哋於是諗:
05:39
if we, being so well educated教育,
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如果我哋接受咗高等敎育
05:42
were so ill-informed消息靈通 about menstruation月經,
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對月經都有誤解
05:44
there would be millions数百万 of girls女孩 out there
who would be ill-informed消息靈通, too.
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咁樣嗰啲數以百萬嘅女仔都會一樣
05:49
To study研究 --
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為咗加深了解呢個問題
05:51
to understand理解 the problem個問題 better,
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我入讀咗一年碩士課程
05:52
I undertook承諾 a year-long年長 research研究 to study研究
the lack缺乏 of awareness意識 about menstruation月經
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研究人民對月經缺乏認識
05:57
and the root cause原因 behind背後 it.
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同埋背後嘅原因
05:59
While it is generally麻麻 believed相信
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通常啲人相信
06:01
that menstrual月經 unawareness一無所知
and misconception誤解 is a rural農村 phenomenon現象,
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鄉村嘅地方至會有呢啲現象
06:07
during my research研究,
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但我硏究期間
06:08
I found發現 that it is as much
an urban城市 phenomenon現象 as well.
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發現原來市區都係一樣
06:11
And it exists存在 with the educated教育
urban城市 class, also.
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而且出現喺受過教育嘅階層
06:17
While talking講嘢 to many好多
parents父母 and teachers教師,
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我同過好多家長、老師傾過
06:19
I found發現 that many好多 of them actually講真
wanted to educate教育 girls女孩 about periods時期
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發現佢地多數都想喺女仔月經開始前
06:25
before they have started初時
getting得到 their佢哋 menstrual月經 cycle周期.
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敎佢哋月經嘅知識
06:28
And --
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唔⋯
06:30
but they lacked缺乏
the proper適當 means意味着 themselves自己.
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但係家長同敎師都冇啱嘅方法
06:33
And since因為 it is a taboo禁忌,
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因為月經係社會禁忌
06:34
they feel inhibition抑制
and shameful可恥 in talking講嘢 about it.
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佢哋講呢樣嘢嘅時候
覺得拘謹同好羞恥
06:38
Girls女孩 nowadays現時 get their佢哋 periods時期
in classes six and seven,
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而家嘅女仔六、七年班開始有經期
06:43
but our educational教育 curriculum課程
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但我哋嘅教育課程到八、九年班先教
06:45
teaches girls女孩 about periods時期
only in standard標準 eight and nine.
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06:49
And since因為 it is a taboo禁忌,
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由於呢啲係禁忌
06:52
teachers教師 still
skip the subject主題 altogether完全.
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教師仍然跳過呢個課題
06:56
So school學校 does not
teach girls女孩 about periods時期,
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於是學校唔講
07:01
parents父母 don't talk about it.
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父母唔講
07:03
Where do the girls女孩 go?
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咁啲女仔點算?
07:05
Two decades幾十年 ago and now --
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由廿年前至到宜家
07:09
nothing has changed.
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無嘢改過
07:12
I shared共享 these finding發現 with TuhinTuhin
and we wondered:
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我將自己嘅發現話俾 Tuhin 聽
07:14
What if we could create創建 something
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我哋於是諗,不如我哋諗啲嘢
07:16
that would help girls女孩 understand理解
about menstruation月經 on their佢哋 own自己 --
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幫啲女仔自己去了解月經
07:21
something that would help
parents父母 and teachers教師
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又幫啲家長同老師
舒服咁同啲女仔講下經期呢?
07:25
talk about periods時期
comfortably自在 to young年輕 girls女孩?
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07:29
During my research研究,
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我做硏究期間
07:31
I was collecting收集 a lot of stories故事.
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收集好多關於
女仔月經來潮經歷嘅故仔
07:33
These were stories故事 of experiences經驗
of girls女孩 during their佢哋 periods時期.
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呢啲故仔會令到女仔好奇同有意
07:38
These stories故事 would make girls女孩
curious好奇 and interested興趣
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07:42
in talking講嘢 about menstruation月經
in their佢哋 close關閉 circle.
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喺自己嘅小圈子講呢樣嘢
07:46
That's what we wanted.
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呢個就係我哋嘅目的
07:47
We wanted something
that would make the girls女孩 curious好奇
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我哋想有啲嘢令到女仔好奇
07:50
and drive驅動 them to learn學習 about it.
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然後令佢哋走去了解月經
07:53
We wanted to use these stories故事
to teach girls女孩 about periods時期.
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我哋想用呢啲故事去敎佢哋
07:57
So we decided決定 to create創建 a comic漫畫 book,
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於是決定創作一本漫畫書
08:00
where the cartoon卡通 characters字符
would enact制定 these stories故事
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書中嘅卡通人物會扮演呢啲故事
08:03
and educate教育 girls女孩 about menstruation月經
in a fun有趣 and engaging從事 way.
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用有趣同搞笑的方法敎識佢哋
08:08
To represent代表 girls女孩
in their佢哋 different不同 phases階段 of puberty青春期,
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我哋有三個人物
08:11
we have three characters字符.
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代表女仔青春期嘅唔同階段
08:13
PinkiPinki, who has not gotten得到 her period時期 yet尚未,
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Pinki 還未有經期嚟
08:16
Jiya冀雅 who gets得到 her period時期
during the narrative敍事 of the book
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Jiya 剛剛經期嚟到
08:20
and Mira米拉 who has already
been getting得到 her period時期.
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Mira 已經嚟過經期
08:23
There is a fourth character字符, Priya普瑞亚 Didi迪迪.
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第四個人物係 Priya Didi
08:26
Through透過 her, girls女孩 come to know
about the various各種 aspects方面 of growing增長 up
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因為佢,啲女仔知道成長嘅各種嘢
08:29
and menstrual月經 hygiene衛生 management管理.
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同點樣保持經期衛生
08:32
While making決策 the book, we took great care護理
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我哋好有心機創作呢本書
08:34
that none of the illustrations插圖
were objectionable不良 in any way
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漫畫插圖唔會惹人反感
08:38
and that it is culturally文化 sensitive敏感.
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但文化題材有啲敏感
08:41
During our prototype原型 testing測試,
we found發現 that the girls女孩 loved the book.
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我哋做樣本測試時
發現啲女仔好鍾意本書
08:45
They were keen敏銳 on reading閲讀 it
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佢哋好想睇呢本書
08:46
and knowing more and more
about periods時期 on their佢哋 own自己.
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等自己知道多啲經期嘅知識
08:50
Parents父母 and teachers教師 were
comfortable自在 in talking講嘢 about periods時期
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家長同老師可以好輕鬆咁利用呢本書
08:53
to young年輕 girls女孩 using使用 the book,
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同啲細路女討論經期
08:54
and sometimes有時 even boys男孩
were interested興趣 in reading閲讀 it.
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有時連男仔都有興趣睇下呢本書
08:57
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
08:59
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
09:03
The comic漫畫 book helped幫手
in creating創建 an environment環境
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呢本漫畫書營做咗一個環境
09:07
where menstruation月經 ceased停止 to be a taboo禁忌.
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令月經唔再係禁忌
09:10
Many好多 of the volunteers志願者 took this prototype原型
themselves自己 to educate教育 girls女孩
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好多義工帶呢本樣本書
去印度五個地方敎啲女仔
09:14
and take menstrual月經 awareness意識 workshops車間
in five different不同 states國家 in India印度.
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仲舉行埋認識經期嘅工作坊
09:18
And one of the volunteers志願者
took this prototype原型 to educate教育 young年輕 monks僧侶
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有一個義工帶咗本書去教年輕僧人
09:22
and took it to this monastery修道院 in Ladakh拉达克.
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仲帶本書到去 Ladakh 嘅修道院
09:24
We made作出 the final最後 version版本 of the book,
called "MenstrupediaMenstrupedia Comic漫畫"
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我哋訂咗書最後嘅版本
叫做 Menstrupedia Comic
09:27
and launched推出 in September九月 last year.
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而且喺舊年九月發行
09:31
And so far,
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到目前為止
09:32
more than 4,000 girls女孩 have been
educated教育 by using使用 the book in India印度 and --
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已經有多過四千個印度
同其他十個國家嘅女仔讀過本書
09:36
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
09:39
Thank you.
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多謝
09:40
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
09:46
And 10 different不同 countries國家.
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好多女仔讀過本書
09:49
We are constantly係咁 translating正在翻譯 the book
into different不同 languages語言
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我哋一直將本書翻譯成唔同語言
09:52
and collaborating合作 with local當地 organizations組織
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仲同本地機構合作
09:54
to make this book available可用
in different不同 countries國家.
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等呢本書係唔同國家都見到
09:57
15 schools學校 in different不同 parts部分 of India印度
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15 間嚟自印度唔同地方嘅學校
10:00
have made作出 this book
a part部分 of their佢哋 school學校 curriculum課程
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已經將呢本書加入學校嘅課程
10:04
to teach girls女孩 about menstruation月經.
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敎女仔月經嘅知識
10:05
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
10:12
I am amazed驚訝 to see how volunteers志願者,
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我好驚訝見到義工、父母、老師
校長同其他人走埋一齊
10:17
individuals, parents父母,
teachers教師, school學校 principals校長,
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10:21
have come together一起
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10:23
and taken採取 this menstrual月經 awareness意識
drive驅動 to their佢哋 own自己 communities社區,
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已經將呢種認知帶到自己嘅社區
10:27
have made作出 sure that the girls女孩
learn學習 about periods時期 at the right age年齡
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令到啲女仔係適當嘅年齡了解經期
10:31
and helped幫手 in breaking打破 this taboo禁忌.
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幫助打破經期嘅禁忌
10:35
I dream夢想 of a future未來
where menstruation月經 is not a curse詛咒,
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我夢想將來月經唔會係一種咀咒
10:39
not a disease疾病,
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亦唔係一種病
10:40
but a welcoming歡迎 change in a girl's女嘅 life.
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而係女仔歡迎嘅人生改變
10:44
And I would --
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我仲會....
10:45
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
10:49
And I would like to end結束 this
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結束今日嘅演講之前
10:51
with a small request請求
to all the parents父母 here.
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我想向在座嘅所有父母有一個小要求
10:55
Dear親愛的 parents父母,
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各位爸爸媽媽
10:57
if you would be ashamed羞愧 of periods時期,
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如果你對經期覺得羞恥
10:59
your daughters女兒 would be, too.
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咁你哋個女都會一樣
11:01
So please be period時期 positive積極.
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請你哋對經期抱著積極的態度
11:04
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
11:05
Thank you.
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多謝
11:06
(Applause掌聲)
212
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(掌聲)
Translated by Wink Wong
Reviewed by Yolanda Wei

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aditi Gupta - Social entrepreneur, co-founder of Menstrupedia
Aditi Gupta uses storytelling and art to educate young girls about menstruation.

Why you should listen

Aditi Gupta is a social entrepreneur and co-founder of Menstrupedia, working towards spreading awareness about menstruation. While studying at the National Institute of Design as a Ford Foundation research scholar, she has conducted extensive research in understanding the scenario of menstrual unawareness in India and its impact on a girl's life. She has designed effective educational tools for girls and schools using storytelling and sequential art for educating young girls about periods in a society where the subject is a major taboo.

Menstrupedia Comic is a complete guide on periods designed by Menstrupedia team being used by more than 30 schools across India. The books are being distributed in other countries like Nepal, South America and Nigeria.

Gupta is a World Economic Forum Global Shaper and made it to the achiever's list of Forbes India 30 under 30 in 2014 for her work towards breaking the taboo around menstruation. She is a International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) alumni. Her work has been featured in The Wall Street Journal, Reuters, CNBC and BBC. She aspires to create a future where menstruation is not a taboo but a welcoming change in a girl's life.

More profile about the speaker
Aditi Gupta | Speaker | TED.com