Tom Griffiths: 3 ways to make better decisions -- by thinking like a computer
Tom Griffiths: 3 způsoby, jak dělat lepší rozhodnutí -- přemýšlením jako počítač
Tom Griffiths uses ideas from computer science to understand how human minds work. Full bio
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a place to buy or rent,
pronajmout byt,
pokoušeli nalézt domov,
to find a home here recently,
about what's out there
of the very best place passing you by.
místa, které můžete získat.
to switch from looking
that it has a simple solution.
jak jednoduché má řešení.
that you find the very best place,
na získání toho nejlepšího místa,
of what's on the market,
na 37 procent domů na trhu
on the next place you see,
další dům, který uvidíte,
that you've seen so far.
co jste viděli doposud.
take 37 percent of that time --
použijte 37 z tohoto času...
trying to find a place to live
hledání místa, kde budeme žit,
stopping problem.
studied extensively
to our dismal failures.
po naše tristní zklamání.
the computational structure
o výpočetní struktuře problémů,
that arise in everyday life,
v každodenním životě,
solutions to those problems
těchto problémů s tím,
a little bit of computer science
as an overly cerebral kid ...
jako příliš intelektuální dítě.
co nejrozumněji,
that I thought was rational,
the very best action to take.
that doesn't scale up
the sorts of problems
to break up with my girlfriend
pokusil rozejít s přítelkyní,
her preferences as well as my own
the wrong approach
what restaurant to go to
do které restaurace jít,
who to spend the rest of your life with,
s kým strávit zbytek života,
with computational problems
výpočetních problémů,
by applying sheer effort.
the first people you think to talk to.
exhaustive and exact --
vyčerpávající a přesný,
of human decisions
lidských rozhodnutí ukazují,
we've got this backwards.
of difficult problems
na různé druhy obtížných problémů,
actually solve those problems
that people really act.
jak se lidé skutečně chovají.
what restaurant to go to.
do které restaurace jít.
a particular computational structure.
specifickou výpočetní strukturu.
one of those options,
exactly the same decision tomorrow.
stejnému rozhodnutí.
what computer scientists call
to try something new --
to use in the future --
that you already know is pretty good --
o kterém už víte, že je dobrý,
that you've already gathered so far.
a využíváním se objevuje pokaždé,
shows up any time you have to choose
that you already know is pretty good,
co už dost dobře znáte.
who you're going to spend time with.
that technology companies face
který technologické firmy řeší,
like decide what ad to show on a web page.
jakou reklamu vám ukážou na stránce.
a dozvědět se z toho něco
and learn something about it,
chance you're going to click on?
abyste na ni klikli?
a lot of progress understanding
objevování versus využívání
some surprising insights.
překvapivé poznatky.
do které restaurace jít,
what restaurant to go to,
položit první je,
you're going to be in town.
for a short time,
you already know is good.
kde víte, že je dobře.
for a longer time, explore.
because the information you get
protože informace, které získáte,
your choices in the future.
při dalším rozhodování.
you're going to have to use it.
of a human life as well.
for being particularly rational.
racionálními rozhodnutími.
in their mouths.
what they should be doing.
phase of their lives,
could turn out to be delicious.
to the same restaurant
that he's earned
the explore/exploit trade-off
to sort of relax and go easier on yourself
to the best restaurant every night.
do té nejlepší restaurace.
than one pretty good dinner.
než jedna skvělá večeře.
to make it easier on us
to tidy up your wardrobe,
agonizing decision:
na to trýznivé rozhodování:
you're going to keep
to have thought very hard about this --
přemýšlela docela hodně --
tyto čtyři otázky:
of something that I already own?
I wore it or used it?"
even harder about this problem,
is more important than the others.
je důležitější než ty ostatní.
the memory systems of computers.
paměťové čipy v počítačích.
two kinds of memory systems:
that has limited capacity,
s omezenou kapacitou,
which is much larger.
která je mnohem větší.
as efficiently as possible,
jak je jen možné,
byly informace,
you want to access
a piece of information,
k nějakým datům,
it has to remove from that memory,
která data z této paměti odstraní,
a few different strategies
from the fast memory.
something at random
the "first-in, first-out principle,"
(„první dovnitř, první ven"),
for the longest.
se zaměřuje na položky,
which have been least recently used.
to remove something from memory,
last accessed the furthest in the past.
která byla použita nejdávněji.
kind of logic to this.
accessed that piece of information,
to access it again.
the computer's memory.
the things that you're most likely to need
které budete nejspíš potřebovat,
as quickly as possible.
the least recently used principle
princip nejdávněji použitého
to Martha's four questions,
would say that of these,
likely to need are most accessible
jsou nejlépe dostupné,
that has exactly this property.
který má přesně tuto vlastnost.
from the left-hand side.
z levé strany.
to the left-hand side of the box.
a document, he'd take it out,
na levou stranu krabice.
on the left-hand side.
ordered from left to right
zleva doprava podle toho,
what he was looking for
co potřebuje,
side of the box
vytvořit si dokumentační systém --
and implement this filing system --
that you probably already have.
pravděpodobně používáte.
as messy and disorganized,
perfectly organized --
perfektně organizovaná --
položíte ho zpátky navrch.
to be ordered from top to bottom
odshora dolů podle toho,
what you're looking for
problems in your life.
ve vašem životě.
are simply very, very hard.
opravdu náročné problémy.
what makes the most sense
co dává největší smysl
into simpler problems --
or by allowing approximations.
into the harder problems,
pretty good solutions in their own right.
jako docela dobré řešení.
to relax when I have to make decisions.
když dělám rozhodnutí.
for finding a home as an example.
37 % pro hledání domu.
consider all of the options,
úplně všechny možnosti,
the optimal strategy,
podle optimální strategie,
the very best place is --
ten úplně nejlepší dům je --
can help to make us more forgiving
just processes.
the best process,
involve taking a chance --
for a pretty good solution.
that we make when we can't be rational --
když nemůžeme být racionální--
že jsme rozumní.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tom Griffiths - Psychologist, cognitive scientistTom Griffiths uses ideas from computer science to understand how human minds work.
Why you should listen
Tom Griffiths's research explores connections between natural and artificial intelligence to discover how people solve the challenging computational problems they encounter in everyday life. Currently the Henry R. Luce Professor of Information Technology, Consciousness, and Culture at Princeton University, his work has received awards from organizations ranging from the American Psychological Association to the Sloan Foundation.
In 2016, Griffiths and his friend and collaborator Brian Christian published Algorithms to Live By, a book that illustrates how understanding the algorithms used by computers can inform human decision-making (and vice versa). The book was named one of the Amazon.com "Best Science Books of 2016" and appeared on Forbes's "Must-read brain books of 2016" list as well as the MIT Technology Review's "Best books of 2016" list.
Tom Griffiths | Speaker | TED.com