TEDWomen 2017
Anushka Naiknaware: A teen scientist's invention to help wounds heal
Anuška Naiknavare (Anushka Naiknaware): Izum tinejdžerke naučnice koji pomaže izlečenju rana
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U svojoj garaži Anuška Naiknavare je izumela senzor koji prati izlečenje rana i postala je najmlađi pobednik (sa 13 godina) na Guglovom sajmu nauke. Njen pametni izum je namenjen globalnom problemu hroničnih rana, koje ne zarastaju zbog nekih stanja kao što je dijabetes i na koji se u medicini troše milijarde širom sveta. Pridružite se Naiknavare dok objašnjava kako njeni „pametni zavoji“ funkcionišu, i dok priča svoju priču da bi inspirisala i druge da doprinesu.
Anushka Naiknaware - Scientist
In 2016, at age 13, Anushka Naiknaware was the youngest winner of the Google Science Fair, with her invention of a clever new bandage that tells caregivers when it needs to be changed. Full bio
In 2016, at age 13, Anushka Naiknaware was the youngest winner of the Google Science Fair, with her invention of a clever new bandage that tells caregivers when it needs to be changed. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Ever since I was a young girl,
I was always fascinated --
I was always fascinated --
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Još kao mala bila sam fascinirana -
(Smeh)
00:16
(Laughter)
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O!
00:17
Oh!
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(Smeh)
00:18
(Laughter)
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Okej, mislila sam mlađa i niža.
00:21
OK, I meant younger and more short.
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00:23
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:24
If that's possible to imagine.
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Ako to možete i da zamislite.
Ali, još kao mala devojčica
00:27
But ever since I was a young girl,
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oduvek sam bila fascinirana
načinom na koji svet funkcioniše.
načinom na koji svet funkcioniše.
00:29
I was always fascinated with how
the world worked exactly how it did.
the world worked exactly how it did.
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00:34
So this, very early on,
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To me je veoma rano
00:36
led me to the fields
of mathematics and chemistry.
of mathematics and chemistry.
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odvelo u polje matematike i hemije.
00:41
I would keep going further and further,
and as I kept going,
and as I kept going,
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Nastavila sam da idem dalje i dalje,
i kako sam napredovala
i kako sam napredovala
00:45
I realized that all the fields
of science are interconnected.
of science are interconnected.
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shvatila sam da su sva
polja nauke povezana
polja nauke povezana
i jedno bez drugog vredi malo ili nimalo.
00:48
And without one, the others
have little or no value.
have little or no value.
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Dakle, inspirisana Marijom Kiri
i lokalnim prirodnjačkim muzejom,
i lokalnim prirodnjačkim muzejom,
00:54
So, inspired by Marie Curie
and my local science museum,
and my local science museum,
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00:58
I decided to start asking
these questions myself
these questions myself
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rešila sam da sama počnem
da postavljam pitanja
da postavljam pitanja
01:01
and engage in my own independent research,
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i da se angažujem
u svom nezavisnom istraživanju,
u svom nezavisnom istraživanju,
bilo da je to iz moje garaže
ili spavaće sobe.
ili spavaće sobe.
01:04
whether it be out
of my garage or my bedroom.
of my garage or my bedroom.
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01:08
I started reading journal papers,
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Počela sam da čitam časopise,
počela sam da idem na naučna takmičenja,
01:10
started doing science competitions,
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01:12
started participating in science fairs,
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počela sam da učestvujem
na naučnim sajmovima
na naučnim sajmovima
i da radim sve što sam mogla
01:15
doing anything I could
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da bih stekla znanje
koje sam tako jako želela.
koje sam tako jako želela.
01:17
to get the knowledge
that I so desperately wanted.
that I so desperately wanted.
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01:21
So while I was studying anatomy
for a competition,
for a competition,
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I dok sam učila anatomiju za takmičenje,
naišla sam na nešto
što se naziva „hronične rane“.
što se naziva „hronične rane“.
01:25
I came across the topic
of something called chronic wounds.
of something called chronic wounds.
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I ono što me je zapanjilo je bio podatak
01:30
And one thing that stood out
to me was a statistic
to me was a statistic
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koji kaže da broj ljudi
u SAD sa hroničnom ranom
u SAD sa hroničnom ranom
01:34
that said that the number of people
in the United States with chronic wounds
in the United States with chronic wounds
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nadmašuje broj ljudi sa rakom dojke,
01:39
exceeds the number of people
with breast cancer,
with breast cancer,
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01:43
colon cancer, lung cancer
and leukemia, combined.
and leukemia, combined.
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rakom debelog creva, rakom pluća
i leukemijom, zajedno.
i leukemijom, zajedno.
01:49
Hold up.
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Sačekajte.
01:51
So what is a chronic wound?
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Dakle, šta je hronična rana?
01:52
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
I zašto nisam čula za šetnju
od 5 kilometara za hronične rane,
od 5 kilometara za hronične rane,
01:53
And why haven't I heard
about a 5K walk for chronic wounds,
about a 5K walk for chronic wounds,
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01:57
why haven't I even heard
about a chronic wound in general?
about a chronic wound in general?
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zašto nisam uopšte čula za hroničnu ranu?
02:00
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:04
So after I got past
those preliminary questions,
those preliminary questions,
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Dakle, kada sam prošla ova prva pitanja
i ono koje ću vam sad razjasniti,
02:07
and one that I will clarify for you,
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hronična rana je, u suštini,
kada neko ima normalnu ranu,
kada neko ima normalnu ranu,
02:09
a chronic wound is essentially
when someone gets a normal wound,
when someone gets a normal wound,
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02:13
except it fails to heal normally
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ali ona ne uspeva da zaraste normalno
02:16
because the patient has some kind
of preexisting condition,
of preexisting condition,
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jer pacijent već ima
neko postojeće stanje,
neko postojeće stanje,
02:19
which in most cases is diabetes.
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najčešće dijabetes.
[Hronična rana: problem]
02:25
So more staggering statistics
were to be found
were to be found
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Nailazila sam na statistike
koje su bile još više zaprepašćujuće
koje su bile još više zaprepašćujuće
02:28
as I kept going on in this research.
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kako sam nastavila sa istraživanjem.
02:31
In the year 2010 alone,
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Samo u 2010. godini
02:32
50 billion dollars were spent worldwide
to treat chronic wounds.
to treat chronic wounds.
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širom sveta potrošeno je
50 milijardi dolara
50 milijardi dolara
na lečenje hroničnih rana.
02:39
In addition, it's estimated
that about two percent of the population
that about two percent of the population
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Pored toga, procenjeno je
da će oko dva procenta stanovništva
da će oko dva procenta stanovništva
02:43
will get a chronic wound
at some point in their lifetime.
at some point in their lifetime.
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u nekom perodu života imati
hroničnu ranu.
hroničnu ranu.
02:46
This was absurd.
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To je apsurdno.
I kako sam nastavila da istražujem,
02:49
So as I started doing more research,
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shvatila sam da postoji povezanost
02:51
I found that there was a correlation
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između nivoa vlage u zavoju vlage
i faze zarastanja u kojoj se rana nalazi.
i faze zarastanja u kojoj se rana nalazi.
02:52
between the moisture level
inside a wound dressing
inside a wound dressing
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02:55
and the stage of healing
that the chronic wound would be at.
that the chronic wound would be at.
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03:00
So I decided, why don't I design something
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Tako sam odlučila:
zašto ne bih napravila nešto
što bi merilo stepen vlažnosti rane
što bi merilo stepen vlažnosti rane
03:02
to measure the moisture level
within the wound
within the wound
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i što bi pomoglo lekarima
i pacijentima u lečenju rana.
i pacijentima u lečenju rana.
03:04
so this can help doctors and patients
treat their wounds better.
treat their wounds better.
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I najvažnije, što bi ubrzalo izlečenje.
03:09
And essentially, expedite
the healing process.
the healing process.
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03:13
So that's exactly what I set out to do.
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I upravo to sam rešila da uradim.
[Hronične rane: izazovi i kriterijumi]
03:16
Being a 14-year-old working
out of her garage-turned-lab,
out of her garage-turned-lab,
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Kao 14-godišnjakinja koja radi
u svojoj garaži-laboratoriji,
u svojoj garaži-laboratoriji,
imala sam mnogo ograničenja.
03:20
I had a lot of constraints.
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03:22
Most being that I wasn't given a grant,
I wasn't given a lot of money,
I wasn't given a lot of money,
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Najveće je što nisam imala sredstva,
nisam imala mnogo novca
nisam imala mnogo novca
03:26
and I wasn't given a lot of resources.
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i nisam imala mnogo resursa.
Pored toga, imala sam i mnogo kriterijuma.
03:28
In addition, I had
a lot of criteria, as well.
a lot of criteria, as well.
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03:32
Since this product would be
readily interacting with the body,
readily interacting with the body,
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Pošto bi ovaj proizvod
bio u interakciji sa telom,
bio u interakciji sa telom,
morao bi biti biokompatibilan.
03:36
it had to be biocompatible,
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03:38
it also had to be low-cost,
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Takođe, morao bi biti jeftin
03:40
as I was designing it
and paying for it myself.
and paying for it myself.
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jer sam ga ja dizajnirala i sama plaćala.
03:44
It also had to be mass-manufacturable,
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Takođe, masovna proizvodnja
je morala biti moguća
je morala biti moguća
03:46
because I wanted it to be made
anywhere, for anyone.
anywhere, for anyone.
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jer sam želela da se proizvodi
svuda i za svakog.
svuda i za svakog.
Tako sam napravila šemu.
03:51
Thus, I drafted up a schematic.
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03:53
What you see on the left hand-side
is the early schematics in my design,
is the early schematics in my design,
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Na levoj strani vidite
ranu verziju šematskog prikaza,
ranu verziju šematskog prikaza,
iz ptičije perspektive, ali i slojeve.
03:57
showing both a bird's-eye view
and also one stacking variant.
and also one stacking variant.
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Slojevi prikazuju
04:03
A stacking variant means
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04:04
that the entire product is consisted
of different individual parts
of different individual parts
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da se ceo proizvod sastoji
od različitih pojedinačnih delova
od različitih pojedinačnih delova
koji moraju da funkcionišu zajedno.
04:09
that have to work in unison.
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04:11
And what's shown there
is one possible arrangement.
is one possible arrangement.
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Ovde se vidi jedno moguće uređenje.
04:18
So what exactly is this?
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Dakle, šta je ovo u stvari?
04:20
So I had gone on to testing my sensors
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Morala sam da testiram senzore,
04:22
and as all scientists have
stumbles along their work,
stumbles along their work,
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i kao što svi naučnici zapinju u radu,
imala sam par problema
sa prvom generacijom senzora.
sa prvom generacijom senzora.
04:26
I also had a couple of problems
in my first generation of sensors.
in my first generation of sensors.
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04:29
First of all, I couldn't figure out
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Pre svega, nisam mogla da shvatim
kako da nateram nanočestice mastila
u kertridž za štampanje,
u kertridž za štampanje,
04:31
how to get a nanoparticle ink
into a printcheck cartridge
into a printcheck cartridge
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a da ga ne prospem po tepihu.
04:34
without spilling it all over my carpet.
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To je bio prvi problem.
04:36
That was problem number one.
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04:38
Problem number two was,
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Drugi problem je bio to
04:40
I couldn't exactly control
the sensitivity of my sensors.
the sensitivity of my sensors.
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što nisam mogla da kontrolišem
osetljivost senzora.
osetljivost senzora.
04:43
I couldn't scale them up or down,
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Nisam mogla da ih pomeram gore ili dole;
zapravo ništa slično nisam mogla.
04:46
I couldn't really do
anything of that sort.
anything of that sort.
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Trebalo mi je nešto da to rešim.
04:48
So I wanted something to solve it.
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Prvi problem je lako rešen
uz malo pretrage po Ibeju i Amazonu
uz malo pretrage po Ibeju i Amazonu
04:49
Problem one was easily solved
by some scouting on eBay and Amazon
by some scouting on eBay and Amazon
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za špricevima koje sam
mogla da iskoristim.
mogla da iskoristim.
04:52
for syringes that I could use.
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04:54
Problem two, however,
required a lot more thought.
required a lot more thought.
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Međutim, drugi problem je zahtevao
mnogo više razmišljanja.
mnogo više razmišljanja.
04:57
So this is where this factors in.
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Dakle, to ovde nastupa.
05:00
So what a space-filling curve does
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Kriva koja popunjava prostor
05:01
is it aims to take up all the area it can
within one unit square.
within one unit square.
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cilja da obuhvati svu površinu koju može
na površini jednog kvadrata.
I uz kompjuterski program,
možete imati različite prikaze
možete imati različite prikaze
05:06
And by writing a computer program,
you can have different iterations
you can have different iterations
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različitih krivi
05:10
of the different curve,
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koje se sve više približavaju
jedinici kvadrata,
jedinici kvadrata,
05:12
which increasingly get close
to one unit square,
to one unit square,
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05:14
but never quite reaches there.
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ali nikada je ne dostižu.
05:18
So now I could control
the thickness, the size,
the thickness, the size,
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Dakle, sada sam mogla
da kontrolišem gustinu, veličinu,
da kontrolišem gustinu, veličinu,
05:20
I could do whatever I want with it,
and I could predict my results.
and I could predict my results.
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mogla sam da radim šta sam htela
i mogla sam da predvidim rezultate.
i mogla sam da predvidim rezultate.
Tako sam počela da pravim senzore
05:25
So I started constructing my sensors
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05:27
and testing them more rigorously,
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i da ih rigoroznije testiram
05:30
using money that I had gotten
from previous science fair awards.
from previous science fair awards.
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koristeći novac koji sam osvojila
na prethodnom sajmu nauke.
na prethodnom sajmu nauke.
Na kraju sam morala da povežem ove podatke
05:34
Lastly, I had to connect this data
in order to be read.
in order to be read.
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da bi mogli da se iščitaju,
05:38
So I interfaced it with a Bluetooth chip,
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pa sam to povezala blututom,
koji se može videti pored skrinšota
aplikacije sa desne strane.
aplikacije sa desne strane.
05:40
which you can see here
by the app screenshots on the right.
by the app screenshots on the right.
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Uz ovo svako može da nadgleda
napredovanje na rani
napredovanje na rani
05:44
And what this does is that anyone
can monitor the progress of their wound,
can monitor the progress of their wound,
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05:48
and it can be transmitted
over a wireless connection
over a wireless connection
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i to može da se prenosi
bežičnom konekcijom
bežičnom konekcijom
doktoru, pacijentu ili kome god treba.
05:52
to the doctor, the patient
or whoever needs it.
or whoever needs it.
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05:57
[Continued Testing and Refinement]
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[Nastavak testiranja i usavršavanje]
05:59
So in conclusion, my design
was successful --
was successful --
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Da zaključim, moj izum je bio uspešan.
06:02
however, science never ends.
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Ipak, nauci nikad kraja.
Uvek ima još nešto da se uradi,
da se poboljša.
da se poboljša.
06:06
There's always something to be done,
something to be refined.
something to be refined.
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06:09
So that's what I'm currently
in the process of doing.
in the process of doing.
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I na tome trenutno radim.
Ipak, ono što sam naučila,
06:12
However, what I learned was
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što je mnogo važnije od samog izuma,
06:14
what's more important
than the actual thing I designed
than the actual thing I designed
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06:18
is an attitude that I had
taken on while doing this.
taken on while doing this.
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jeste stav koji sam imala
dok sam ovo radila.
dok sam ovo radila.
06:22
And that attitude was,
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A stav je sledeći:
iako sam samo 14-godišnjakinja
koja radi u svojoj garaži
koja radi u svojoj garaži
06:24
even though I'm a 14-year-old
working in her garage
working in her garage
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06:27
on something that she doesn't
completely understand,
completely understand,
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na nečemu što ni ne razumem potpuno,
06:31
I could still make a difference
and contribute to the field.
and contribute to the field.
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ipak mogu nešto da učinim
i da doprinesem ovoj oblasti.
i da doprinesem ovoj oblasti.
I to me je inspirisalo da nastavim
06:35
And that's what inspired me to keep going,
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06:38
and I hope it inspires many others
to also do work like this
to also do work like this
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i nadam se da će inspirisati
i mnoge druge da urade nešto slično,
i mnoge druge da urade nešto slično,
iako nisu potpuno sigurni u to.
06:42
even though they're not
very sure about it.
very sure about it.
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Nadam se da ćete tu poruku
svi danas primiti.
svi danas primiti.
06:45
So I hope that's a message
that you all take on today.
that you all take on today.
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Hvala vam.
06:48
Thank you.
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06:49
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anushka Naiknaware - ScientistIn 2016, at age 13, Anushka Naiknaware was the youngest winner of the Google Science Fair, with her invention of a clever new bandage that tells caregivers when it needs to be changed.
Why you should listen
When Anushka Naiknaware was young, she would spend hours at the chemistry lab at the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry in Portland and not leave until she had finished every experiment available. Her early interest was chemistry and mathematics, but she quickly learned that every branch of science is connected, including physics, biology and computer science. In fact, her winning Google Science Fair project loops together materials science, fractal math and biology.
Naiknaware has won many awards in notable science and math competitions. She was the youngest winner of the Google Science Fair in 2016, and she won the first-place Mathematics STEM Award at Broadcom MASTERS (Math, Applied Science, Technology and Engineering Rising Stars), a premier competition run by the Society for Science and the Public. Naiknaware is inspired by Marie Curie, whose work contributed to major advances in modern medicine. Anushka admires her spirit and enthusiasm to continue her work in a time when women's contributions in science weren't appreciated.
Anushka Naiknaware | Speaker | TED.com