ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Andrew Forrest - Entrepreneur
Andrew "Twiggy" Forrest is an Australian businessman, philanthropist and entrepreneur, widely considered one of the country’s greatest change agents.

Why you should listen

As founder and chairman of Fortescue Metals Group, Andrew Forrest has led the company from inception to a market capitalisation of more than AU$30billion. In 2001, he co-founded Minderoo Foundation with his wife Nicola, and he's since donated more than AU$1.5 billion to its core initiatives and more than 280 causes around the world. Never daunted by the scale of a challenge, Forrest devotes his relentless energy to tackling some of the world’s greatest problems, including Indigenous disparity, modern slavery and cancer.

But it is Forrest's most recent pursuit -- a PhD in Marine Ecology -- that led him to the TED stage. Driven by a lifelong love for the oceans, Forrest studied marine life and, along the way, encountered the destructive impacts of ocean plastic pollution, which he is now striving to apprehend. 

More profile about the speaker
Andrew Forrest | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
We the Future

Andrew Forrest: A radical plan to end plastic waste

安德烈·弗利斯特: 一个结终结塑料垃圾的激进方法

Filmed:
1,981,991 views

塑料是一项对经济非常有益的发明——但是对于环境来说,是最无益的发明,创业者安德烈·弗利斯特(Andrew Forrest)说道。在一场本要激发辩论的对话中,弗利斯特与TED策划人克里斯·安德森谈论了怎样使世界大企业去资助环境保护活动,并且将产业转化为用回收材料制作塑料,而不再使用化石燃料。
- Entrepreneur
Andrew "Twiggy" Forrest is an Australian businessman, philanthropist and entrepreneur, widely considered one of the country’s greatest change agents. Full bio - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Chris克里斯 Anderson安德森: So, you've been
obsessed痴迷 with this problem问题
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克里斯·安得森:
你近几年都在
00:15
for the last few少数 years年份.
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痴迷于这个问题。
00:17
What is the problem问题, in your own拥有 words?
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你认为问题到底是什么?
00:19
Andrew安德鲁 Forrest福雷斯特: Plastic塑料.
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安德烈·弗利斯特:
极其简单,
00:21
Simple简单 as that.
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塑料。
我们无法将它
用作巨大的能源材料,
00:23
Our inability无力 to use it for the tremendous巨大
energetic有活力 commodity商品 that it is,
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00:30
and just throw it away.
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所以就把它扔掉。
00:32
CACA: And so we see waste浪费 everywhere到处.
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克里斯:
我们都看到了,浪费无处不在。
00:35
At its extreme极端, it looks容貌 a bit like this.
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极端一些,就会像这样。
00:38
I mean, where was this picture图片 taken采取?
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这张照片是在哪里拍的?
00:40
AFAf: That's in the Philippines菲律宾,
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安德烈:
菲律宾,
00:42
and you know, there's a lot of rivers河流,
ladies女士们 and gentlemen绅士,
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在那里有很多河流,
女士们先生们,
看起来都是这样的。
00:45
which哪一个 look exactly究竟 like that.
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那是在菲律宾拍摄的。
00:46
And that's the Philippines菲律宾.
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整个东南亚都能看到这样的河流。
00:47
So it's all over Southeast东南 Asia亚洲.
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00:49
CACA: So plastic塑料 is thrown抛出 into the rivers河流,
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克里斯:
塑料被扔到河里,
然后理所当然的进入海洋。
00:51
and from there, of course课程,
it ends结束 up in the ocean海洋.
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00:54
I mean, we obviously明显
see it on the beaches海滩,
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很明显,我们在沙滩上能看到,
00:58
but that's not even your main主要 concern关心.
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但是这不是你最主要的担忧,
01:01
It's what's actually其实 happening事件 to it
in the oceans海洋. Talk about that.
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你担忧的是真实发生在
海洋中的事情。讲讲吧。
01:04
AFAf: OK, so look. Thank you, Chris克里斯.
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安德烈:
谢谢,克里斯。
01:07
About four years年份 ago,
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大概四年前,
01:08
I thought I'd do something
really barking叫声 crazy,
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我想要做一些疯狂的事,
01:11
and I committed提交 to do a PhD博士
in marine海洋 ecology生态.
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于是我拿到了
海洋生态学的博士学位。
01:16
And the scary害怕 part部分 about that was,
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可怕的是,
01:19
sure, I learned学到了 a lot about marine海洋 life,
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当然,我学习了很多海洋生物,
但是它教给我更多的是
海洋生物的死亡,
01:21
but it taught me more about marine海洋 death死亡
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01:23
and the extreme极端 mass
ecological生态 fatality病死率 of fish,
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海洋中极度混乱的生态情况,
01:30
of marine海洋 life, marine海洋 mammals哺乳动物,
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海洋中的哺乳动物,鱼类,
01:32
very close biology生物学 to us,
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生物上与我们很相近的动物,
01:34
which哪一个 are dying垂死 in the millions百万
if not trillions万亿 that we can't count计数
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数以百万计的在死去,甚至更多,
01:39
at the hands of plastic塑料.
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仅仅是因为塑料。
01:40
CACA: But people think of plastic塑料
as ugly丑陋 but stable稳定. Right?
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克里斯:
但是人们认为塑料是丑陋却无害的。
01:44
You throw something in the ocean海洋,
"Hey, it'll它会 just sit there forever永远.
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人们把垃圾扔进大海
“看吧,它会一直在这里。
01:48
Can't do any damage损伤, right?"
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并不会造成任何伤害,不是吗?”
01:49
AFAf: See, Chris克里斯, it's an incredible难以置信
substance物质 designed设计 for the economy经济.
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安德烈:不得不承认,
塑料是对经济最好的设计,
01:56
It is the worst最差 substance物质 possible可能
for the environment环境.
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也是对环境最坏的设计。
02:01
The worst最差 thing about plastics塑料,
as soon不久 as it hits点击 the environment环境,
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最坏的情况是,
当塑料一触碰到大自然,
02:04
is that it fragments片段.
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它会分解成碎片。
02:07
It never stops停止 being存在 plastic塑料.
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它永远都是塑料,
02:09
It breaks休息 down smaller
and smaller and smaller,
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只会分解得越来越小,越来越小,
02:12
and the breaking破坏 science科学 on this, Chris克里斯,
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这其中突破性的科学原理,
02:15
which哪一个 we've我们已经 known已知 in marine海洋 ecology生态
for a few少数 years年份 now,
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我们几年前在
海洋生态学中就有所了解,
02:17
but it's going to hit击中 humans人类.
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它会影响到人类。
02:19
We are aware知道的 now that nanoplastic纳米塑料,
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我们知道纳米塑料,
02:23
the very, very small particles粒子 of plastic塑料,
carrying携带 their negative charge收费,
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也就是塑料中非常,非常
小的分子,带着负电荷,
02:27
can go straight直行 through通过
the pores毛孔 of your skin皮肤.
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可以直接穿过你皮肤的毛孔。
02:31
That's not the bad news新闻.
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这还不是最坏的。
02:32
The bad news新闻 is that it goes
straight直行 through通过 the blood-brain血脑屏障 barrier屏障,
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最坏的部分是,
它会进入到你的血脑屏障,
02:37
that protective保护的 coating涂层 which哪一个 is there
to protect保护 your brain.
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这层屏障能保护你的大脑。
你的大脑有着不规则的形状,
里面都是电荷。
02:40
Your brain's大脑的 a little amorphous非晶, wet湿 mass
full充分 of little electrical电动 charges收费.
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02:44
You put a negative particle粒子 into that,
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你放进去一个负电荷,
02:47
particularly尤其 a negative particle粒子
which哪一个 can carry携带 pathogens病原体 --
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特别是一个可能
有病原体的负电荷——
02:50
so you have a negative charge收费,
it attracts吸引 positive-charge正电荷 elements分子,
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负电荷可以吸引正电荷,
02:54
like pathogens病原体, toxins毒素,
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比如病原体,毒素,
02:57
mercury, lead.
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水银,铅。
02:58
That's the breaking破坏 science科学
we're going to see in the next下一个 12 months个月.
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这就是我们一年内
会看到的突破性科学。
03:01
CACA: So already已经 I think you told me
that there's like 600 plastic塑料 bags包装袋 or so
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克里斯:
你之前提到过,每条在海里的鱼
03:05
for every一切 fish that size尺寸
in the ocean海洋, something like that.
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平均能“分配”到大约600个塑料袋。
03:09
And they're breaking破坏 down,
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这些塑料在分解,
03:12
and there's going to be ever more of them,
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会有更多的塑料袋,
目前我们甚至还没
意识到结局会是什么。
03:14
and we haven't没有 even seen看到 the start开始
of the consequences后果 of that.
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安德烈:
是的,我们还没有。
03:17
AFAf: No, we really haven't没有.
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艾伦·麦克阿瑟基金会
有很多优秀的科学家,
03:18
The Ellen艾伦 MacArthur麦克阿瑟 Foundation基础,
they're a bunch of good scientists科学家们,
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我们和他们合作了一段时间。
03:22
we've我们已经 been working加工 with them for a while.
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我完全验证了他们的工作。
03:24
I've completely全然 verified验证 their work.
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03:26
They say there will be
one ton of plastic塑料, Chris克里斯,
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他们说每三吨的鱼,
03:28
for every一切 three tons
of fish by, not 2050 --
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就能够“分配”到一吨的垃圾,
不需要等到2050年——
03:31
and I really get impatient不耐烦 with people
who talk about 2050 -- by 2025.
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每次人们讲2050年我都会
嗤之以鼻——而是2025年。
没几年了,
03:35
That's around the corner.
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03:37
That's just the here and now.
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这种情况眼看着就要发生了。
03:39
You don't need one ton of plastic塑料
to completely全然 wipe擦拭 out marine海洋 life.
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不到一吨的塑料垃圾
就能彻底抹去海洋生物,
03:42
Less than that is going
to do a fine job工作 at it.
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就算再少一点也一样。
03:45
So we have to end结束 it straightaway马上.
We've我们已经 got no time.
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所以我们要尽快解决,
我们的时间所剩无几了。
03:50
CACA: OK, so you have an idea理念 for ending结尾 it,
and you're coming未来 at this
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克里斯:
好的,你有一个很好的解决方法,
03:54
not as a typical典型 environmental环境的
campaigner活动家, I would say,
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不像是那种典型的环境保护家,
而是以一个商人,
一个创业者的身份——
03:57
but as a businessman商人,
as an entrepreneur企业家, who has lived生活 --
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04:00
you've spent花费 your whole整个 life thinking思维
about global全球 economic经济 systems系统
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你用了你的一生
思考全球经济系统
04:04
and how they work.
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和它的原理。
04:05
And if I understand理解 it right,
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如果我理解得没错,
04:07
your idea理念 depends依靠 on heroes英雄
who look something like this.
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你的想法是基于这样的英雄。
04:13
What's her profession职业?
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她是做什么的?
04:15
AFAf: She, Chris克里斯, is a ragpicker碎石机,
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安德烈:
她是一名拾荒者,
04:18
and there were 15, 20 million百万
ragpickers拾荒者 like her,
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还有大约1500万到
2000万像她一样的人,
04:22
until直到 China中国 stopped停止 taking服用
everyone's大家的 waste浪费.
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直到中国停止回收全世界的垃圾,
04:26
And the price价钱 of plastic塑料,
minuscule微不足道 that it was, collapsed倒塌.
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原本微不足道的
塑料价格也随之崩塌了。
04:30
That led to people like her,
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这导致很多像她一样的人,
04:32
which哪一个, now -- she is a child儿童
who is a schoolchild小学生.
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那些学龄儿童没钱读书了,
04:37
She should be at school学校.
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她应该在学校读书,
04:38
That's probably大概 very akin类似的 to slavery奴隶制度.
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这和奴隶制非常相似。
04:40
My daughter女儿 Grace恩典 and I have met会见
hundreds数以百计 of people like her.
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我和我的女儿格雷丝
看到了数百个像她一样的人。
04:43
CACA: And there are many许多 adults成年人 as well,
literally按照字面 millions百万 around the world世界,
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克里斯: 全世界还有数百万
像她一样的成人,
在一些行业中,
04:47
and in some industries行业,
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他们甚至功不可没,比如说,
04:48
they actually其实 account帐户
for the fact事实 that, for example,
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我们并没有看到很多金属垃圾。
04:51
we don't see a lot
of metal金属 waste浪费 in the world世界.
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安德烈:
正是如此。
04:53
AFAf: That's exactly究竟 right.
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这个小女孩,事实上,
是保护环境的英雄。
04:54
That little girl女孩 is, in fact事实,
the hero英雄 of the environment环境.
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04:57
She's in competition竞争 with
a great big petrochemical石化 plant
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她在对抗一家石化厂,
05:01
which哪一个 is just down the road,
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就在那条路的另一边,
一家市值35亿美元的石化厂。
05:02
the three-and-a-half-billion-dollar35亿美元
petrochemical石化 plant.
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问题在于,
05:05
That's the problem问题.
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在塑料堆填区中的油气资源
05:06
We've我们已经 got more oil and gas加油站
in plastic塑料 and landfill垃圾填埋场
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05:11
than we have in the entire整个 oil and gas加油站
resources资源 of the United联合的 States状态.
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比整个美国的油气资源还要多。
05:15
So she is the hero英雄.
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从塑料回收的角度说,
她就是个英雄。
05:17
And that's what that landfill垃圾填埋场 looks容貌 like,
ladies女士们 and gentlemen绅士,
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女士们先生们,
这就是堆填区的样子,
05:20
and it's solid固体 oil and gas加油站.
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这些就是固态石油和天然气。
05:22
CACA: So there's huge巨大 value
potentially可能 locked锁定 up in there
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克里斯:
所以这里有很大的开发潜能,
05:26
that the world's世界 ragpickers拾荒者 would,
if they could, make a living活的 from.
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这些捡垃圾的人们,
如果他们愿意,会以此为生。
05:30
But why can't they?
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但是为什么他们不能呢?
05:33
AFAf: Because we have ingrained根深蒂固 in us
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安德烈:
因为我们都有一种根深蒂固的思想,
05:36
a price价钱 of plastic塑料 from fossil化石 fuels燃料,
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来自化石燃料的原生塑料价格,
05:40
which哪一个 sits坐镇 just under what it takes
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刚刚好比
05:44
to economically经济 and profitably盈利
recycle回收 plastic塑料 from plastic塑料.
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通过经济的回收方法获得的
塑料的价格便宜一些。
05:49
See, all plastic塑料 is
is building建造 blocks from oil and gas加油站.
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要知道,所有的塑料
都来自石油和天然气。
05:54
Plastic's塑料制品 100 percent百分 polymer聚合物,
which哪一个 is 100 percent百分 oil and gas加油站.
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塑料百分之百是聚合物,
代表它百分之百是石油和天然气。
05:58
And you know we've我们已经 got
enough足够 plastic塑料 in the world世界
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这世界上的塑料能满足我们
所有的需要。
06:00
for all our needs需求.
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当我们回收塑料时,
06:01
And when we recycle回收 plastic塑料,
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06:04
if we can't recycle回收 it cheaper便宜
than fossil化石 fuel汽油 plastic塑料,
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如果我们的回收价格
比原生的价格高,
06:07
then, of course课程, the world世界
just sticks to fossil化石 fuel汽油 plastic塑料.
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理所当然的,
大家就会用原生塑料。
06:10
CACA: So that's the fundamental基本的 problem问题,
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克里斯:
所以最主要的问题是,
回收塑料的价格通常高于
06:12
the price价钱 of recycled回收 plastic塑料
is usually平时 more
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06:17
than the price价钱 of just buying购买
it made制作 fresh新鲜 from more oil.
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直接买新的塑料。
06:21
That's the fundamental基本的 problem问题.
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这是最主要的问题。
06:23
AFAf: A slight轻微 tweak
of the rules规则 here, Chris克里斯.
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安德烈:
我们把规则调整一下。
06:26
I'm a commodity商品 person.
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我是一个商人。
06:28
I understand理解 that we used to have
scrap废料 metal金属 and rubbish垃圾 iron
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我明白我们曾经有很多
废金属,比如废铁,
06:35
and bits of copper lying说谎
all round回合 the villages村庄,
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还有一些铜,它们散布在
村子里的各个角落,
06:38
particularly尤其 in the developing发展 world世界.
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特别是发展中国家。
06:40
And people worked工作 out it's got a value.
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人们发现这些东西是值钱的。
06:41
It's actually其实 an article文章 of value,
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它们实际上有价值,
06:45
not of waste浪费.
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而不是废品。
06:46
Now the villages村庄 and the cities城市
and the streets街道 are clean清洁,
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现在村庄,城市,道路上
都是干干净净的,
06:49
you don't trip over scrap废料 copper
or scrap废料 iron now,
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如果你没有被废铁废铜绊倒,
06:54
because it's an article文章 of value,
it gets得到 recycled回收.
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那是因为它们有价值,
它们被回收了。
06:57
CACA: So what's your idea理念, then,
to try to change更改 that in plastics塑料?
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克里斯:所以你的主张是
对塑料进行类似的回收?
07:03
AFAf: OK, so Chris克里斯,
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安德烈:
这么说吧,
07:04
for most part部分 of that PhD博士,
I've been doing research研究.
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我读博士的大部分时间
都是在做研究。
07:08
And the good thing about being存在
a businessperson商人 who's谁是 doneDONE OK at it
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当一个出色的商人的好处就是
07:12
is that people want to see you.
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能见到很多人。
07:14
Other businesspeople生意人,
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其他的商人,
07:15
even if you're kind of a bit of a zoo动物园
animal动物 species种类 they'd他们会 like to check out,
141
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即使你是动物园里的动物,
他们也想看看,
07:19
they'll他们会 say, yeah, OK,
we'll all meet遇到 Twiggy特维吉 Forrest福雷斯特.
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他们会说,好啊,让我们
见见 Twiggy(嘉宾的昵称)。
07:21
And so once一旦 you're in there,
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当你们见面的时候,
07:23
you can interrogate审问 them.
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你可以询问他们。
07:25
And I've been to most of the oil and gas加油站
and fast-moving快速移动 consumer消费者 good companies公司
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我去过世界上大部分
的石油和天然气公司,
07:31
in the world世界,
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以及快速消耗品公司,
07:32
and there is a real真实 will to change更改.
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真的有想要做出改变的人。
07:35
I mean, there's a couple一对 of dinosaurs恐龙
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1805
的确有一些巨头,
希望好事发生却不愿为此努力,
07:37
who are going to hope希望
for the best最好 and do nothing,
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07:40
but there's a real真实 will to change更改.
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1950
但是也有人真心想要做出改变。
07:42
So what I've been discussing讨论 is,
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所以我一直谈论的是,
07:43
the seven and a half billion十亿
people in the world世界
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世界上的75亿人,
07:47
don't actually其实 deserve值得 to have
their environment环境 smashed被砸 by plastic塑料,
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他们的环境不应该被塑料摧毁,
07:51
their oceans海洋 rendered呈现 depauperate德帕佩率
or barren荒芜 of sea life because of plastic塑料.
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他们的海洋不应该腐烂掉,
海洋生物不应该被塑料灭绝。
07:56
So you come down that chain,
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所以你要找到这循环的开端,
07:57
and there's tens of thousands数千 of brands品牌
which哪一个 we all buy购买 heaps of products制品 from,
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有成千上万的品牌,
我们成堆的买他们的产品,
08:02
but then there's only a hundred
major重大的 resin树脂 producers生产商,
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但是只有一百个树脂生产商,
08:05
big petrochemical石化 plants植物,
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大型石化厂,
08:07
that spew out all the plastic塑料
which哪一个 is single use.
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只用过一次的塑料,
从那喷涌而出。
08:10
CACA: So one hundred companies公司
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克里斯:
所以有一百个公司
08:11
are right at the base基础
of this food餐饮 chain, as it were.
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在这循环的根源。
安德烈:
是的。
08:14
AFAf: Yeah.
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08:15
CACA: And so what do you need
those one hundred companies公司 to do?
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克里斯:那么这一百个公司,
你认为应该怎么做呢?
08:18
AFAf: OK, so we need them
to simply只是 raise提高 the value
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安德烈:
很简单。我们需要他们提高
08:23
of the building建造 blocks of plastic塑料
from oil and gas加油站,
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用石油和天然气
做成的塑料的价格,
08:26
which哪一个 I call "bad plastic塑料,"
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我们把它们称作“坏塑料”,
08:28
raise提高 the value of that,
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提高它们的价格,
08:30
so that when it spreads利差 through通过 the brands品牌
and onto us, the customers顾客,
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而当它们进入市场后,
我们作为消费者,
08:33
we won't惯于 barely仅仅 even notice注意
an increase增加 in our coffee咖啡 cup杯子
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甚至不会注意到
咖啡杯的涨价
08:38
or Coke可乐 or Pepsi百事可乐, or anything.
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2983
或者可乐,或者百事
任何东西的轻微涨价。
08:41
CACA: Like, what, like a cent一分钱 extra额外?
171
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克里斯:
就贵了1分钱?
08:43
AFAf: Less. Quarter25美分硬币 of a cent一分钱, half a cent一分钱.
172
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安德烈:
更少,半分钱。
08:45
It'll它会 be absolutely绝对 minimal最小.
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这种增长几乎察觉不到。
08:48
But what it does,
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1253
但是它的作用是,
08:49
it makes品牌 every一切 bit of plastic塑料
all over the world世界 an article文章 of value.
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能使世界上每一片垃圾都有价值。
08:54
Where you have the waste浪费 worst最差,
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当你有很严重的污染,
08:57
say Southeast东南 Asia亚洲, India印度,
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比如说东南亚,印度,
08:59
that's where the wealth财富 is most.
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2081
那里是财富最丰盈的地方。
09:01
CACA: OK, so it feels感觉 like
there's two parts部分 to this.
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克里斯:好的,所以
这里面包含两部分。
09:04
One is, if they will charge收费 more money
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第一部分,让原生塑料涨价,
09:08
but carve雕刻 out that excess过量
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3183
并把价格超出的部分
09:11
and pay工资 it -- into what? --
a fund基金 operated操作 by someone有人
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用来支付——
比如某种被管理的资金,
09:16
to tackle滑车 this problem问题 of -- what?
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用来解决什么样的问题是吗?
09:18
What would that money be used for,
that they charge收费 the extra额外 for?
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那些钱会用来做什么?
那些额外的钱?
09:22
AFAf: So when I speak说话
to really big businesses企业,
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安德烈:
当我跟大企业交谈时,
09:24
I say, "Look, I need you to change更改,
and I need you to change更改 really fast快速,"
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我会说 “听着,我需要你
改了这个,而且越快越好。”
09:28
their eyes眼睛 are going
to peel over in boredom无聊,
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他们的眼神透露出不感兴趣,
09:31
unless除非 I say, "And it's good business商业."
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2339
除非我说:
“这是一个很不错的项目。”
09:33
"OK, now you've got my attention注意, Andrew安德鲁."
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2093
“现在我开始感兴趣了,安德烈。”
09:35
So I say, "Right, I need
you to make a contribution贡献
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2836
所以我会说:
“好的,我需要你
09:38
to an environmental环境的
and industry行业 transition过渡 fund基金.
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2536
对环境和产业转型资金做出贡献。
09:41
Over two or three years年份,
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1435
在接下来的两三年,
09:42
the entire整个 global全球 plastics塑料 industry行业
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整个全球塑料产业
09:44
can transition过渡 from getting得到
its building建造 blocks from fossil化石 fuel汽油
194
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4106
可以从使用化石燃料
09:48
to getting得到 its building建造
blocks from plastic塑料.
195
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2095
转变到用回收塑料。
09:51
The technology技术 is out there.
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这项科技已经存在了,
09:52
It's proven证明."
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已经被证实过有效。
09:53
I've taken采取 two multibillion-dollar数十亿美元
operations操作 from nothing,
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我已经从无到有进行了
两次数十亿美元的操作,
认识到这项技术是可以规模化的。
09:57
recognizing认识 that
the technology技术 can be scaled缩放.
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10:00
I see at least最小 a dozen technologies技术
in plastic塑料 to handle处理 all types类型 of plastic塑料.
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我见过至少十几种可以
处理各种各样的塑料的科技。
10:04
So once一旦 those technologies技术
have an economic经济 margin余量,
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一旦这项产业为这些科技
10:08
which哪一个 this gives them,
202
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1922
带来了经济价值,
10:10
that's where the global全球 public上市
will get all their plastic塑料 from,
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这将会使全世界的塑料需求
10:13
from existing现有 plastic塑料.
204
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1874
都转向回收塑料。
10:15
CACA: So every一切 sale拍卖 of virgin处女 plastic塑料
contributes有助于 money to a fund基金
205
603455
4141
克里斯:所以每卖出
一片新塑料,就会有更多资金
10:19
that is used to basically基本上
transition过渡 the industry行业
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2834
用于此产业的转型,
10:22
and start开始 to pay工资 for things
like cleanup清理 and other pieces.
207
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2843
以及环境的清理。
安德烈:
当然,当然。
10:25
AFAf: Absolutely绝对. Absolutely绝对.
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1365
克里斯:
而且它有不可思议的额外优点,
10:26
CACA: And it has
the incredible难以置信 side benefit效益,
209
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2012
10:28
which哪一个 is maybe even the main主要 benefit效益,
210
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1781
甚至可以成为主要优点,
那就是创造新市场。
10:30
of creating创建 a market市场.
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10:31
It suddenly突然 makes品牌 recyclable可回收 plastic塑料
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忽然之间,可回收塑料
10:35
a giant巨人 business商业 that can unlock开锁
millions百万 of people around the world世界
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4589
成为了巨大的产业,
可以帮助世上数百万的人
10:39
to find a new living活的 collecting搜集 it.
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1841
找到新的生活方式。
10:41
AFAf: Yeah, exactly究竟.
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1153
安德烈:
正是如此。
10:42
So all you do is, you've got fossil化石
fuel汽油 plastics塑料 at this value
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4524
也就是说,比如原生塑料在这个价格,
10:47
and recycled回收 plastic塑料 at this value.
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回收塑料在这个价格,
10:49
You change更改 it.
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1313
我们让它们交换一下,
10:50
So recycled回收 plastic塑料 is cheaper便宜.
219
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2587
让回收塑料更便宜。
10:53
What I love about this most, Chris克里斯,
is that, you know,
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3167
我最喜欢的部分是,
10:56
we waste浪费 into the environment环境
300, 350 million百万 tons of plastic塑料.
221
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5551
我们向环境中倾倒了3.5亿吨塑料,
11:02
On the oil and gas加油站 companies公司 own拥有 accounts账户,
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根据石油和天然气公司的估计,
11:04
it's going to grow增长 to 500 million百万 tons.
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2016
这个数字将会达到5亿。
11:07
This is an accelerating加速 problem问题.
224
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2428
这个问题在加速。
11:09
But every一切 ton of that is polymer聚合物.
225
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3750
但是每一吨塑料都是聚合物,
11:13
Polymer聚合物 is 1,000 dollars美元,
1,500 dollars美元 a ton.
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3504
聚合物是1000或1500美元一吨。
11:16
That's half a trillion dollars美元
which哪一个 could go into business商业
227
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4104
大约5000万美元会流入回收行业,
11:20
and could create创建 jobs工作 and opportunities机会
and wealth财富 right across横过 the world世界,
228
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可以创造工作和各种机会,
创造国际化的财富,
11:24
particularly尤其 in the most impoverished贫困.
229
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1999
特别是在贫困地区。
但是我们就这么白白扔掉了。
11:26
Yet然而 we throw it away.
230
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1257
克里斯:
所以这样能让大公司们投资
11:27
CACA: So this would allow允许 the big companies公司
to invest投资 in recycling回收 plants植物
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3380
11:31
literally按照字面 all over the world世界 --
232
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1509
世界各地的回收工厂——
11:32
AFAf: All over the world世界.
233
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1152
安德烈:
任何地方。
11:33
Because the technology技术
is low-capital低资本 cost成本,
234
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2048
因为科技不需要
大量的资金成本,
你可以把它放在垃圾堆里,
酒店地下室,
11:35
you can put it in at rubbish垃圾 dumps转储,
at the bottom底部 of big hotels酒店,
235
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3037
垃圾场,任何地方,
11:38
garbage垃圾 depots车厂, everywhere到处,
236
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1302
将垃圾转换为树脂。
11:40
turn that waste浪费 into resin树脂.
237
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1294
11:41
CACA: Now, you're a philanthropist慈善家,
238
689642
1598
克里斯:
你是一个慈善家,
而且你也已经
投入了自己的资金。
11:43
and you're ready准备 to commit承诺
some of your own拥有 wealth财富 to this.
239
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2789
那么慈善在这个项目中的作用是什么?
11:46
What is the role角色 of philanthropy慈善事业
in this project项目?
240
694077
2298
安德烈:我认为我们需要
投入4到5千万美元
11:48
AFAf: I think what we have to do
is kick in the 40 to 50 million百万 US dollars美元
241
696399
3834
11:52
to get it going,
242
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1400
才能让它运行,
11:53
and then we have to create创建
absolute绝对 transparency透明度
243
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2469
当然我们还需要绝对的透明度,
11:56
so everyone大家 can see
exactly究竟 what's going on.
244
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3230
让每个人都能了解实时状况。
11:59
From the resin树脂 producers生产商
to the brands品牌 to the consumers消费者,
245
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3260
从树脂生产商到品牌消费者,
12:02
everyone大家 gets得到 to see
who is playing播放 the game游戏,
246
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2524
每个人都可以看到
谁在掌管大权,
12:05
who is protecting保护 the Earth地球,
and who doesn't care关心.
247
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2658
谁在保护地球,
谁又满不在乎。
12:07
And that'll那会 cost成本 about
a million百万 dollars美元 a week,
248
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2331
这个的花费大概是
每周100万美元,
12:10
and we're going to underwrite包销
that for five years年份.
249
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2386
我们会提供大约5年的资金。
12:12
Total contribution贡献 is circa大约
300 million百万 US dollars美元.
250
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2830
总共的支出大约是三亿。
12:15
CACA: Wow.
251
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1327
克里斯:
哇。
现在——
12:16
Now --
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(鼓掌)
12:18
(Applause掌声)
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12:23
You've talked to other companies公司,
like to the Coca-Colas可口可乐 of this world世界,
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你也讲了别的公司,
像是可口可乐,
12:26
who are willing愿意 to do this,
they're willing愿意 to pay工资 a higher更高 price价钱,
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是愿意这么做的,
他们愿意为保护环境
12:29
they would like to pay工资 a higher更高 price价钱,
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1827
而付高价,
非常公平。
12:31
so long as it's fair公平.
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12:32
AFAf: Yeah, it's fair公平.
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安德烈:
是的,非常公平。
12:35
So, Coca-Cola可口可乐 wouldn't不会
like Pepsi百事可乐 to play ball
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除非全世界都知道
百事可乐没有参与合作,
12:38
unless除非 the whole整个 world世界 knew知道
that Pepsi百事可乐 wasn't playing播放 ball.
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否则可口可乐不会
想要百事可乐参与进来,
12:41
Then they don't care关心.
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那么他们也就不在乎。
12:42
So it's that transparency透明度 of the market市场
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所以,这就是市场的透明性,
12:45
where, if people try and cheat作弊 the system系统,
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如果有人试图作弊,
12:47
the market市场 can see it,
the consumers消费者 can see it.
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那么整个市场都会看到,
所有消费者也会看到。
12:50
The consumers消费者 want a role角色 to play in this.
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消费者也想发挥作用。
12:52
Seven and a half billion十亿 of us.
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我们有75亿人。
12:53
We don't want our world世界 smashed被砸
by a hundred companies公司.
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我们不想整个世界
毁在几百个公司中。
克里斯:
你提到了公司能做些什么,
12:56
CACA: Well, so tell us, you've said
what the companies公司 can do
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以及你愿意做的事情。
我们的观众可以做些什么呢?
12:59
and what you're willing愿意 to do.
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13:00
What can people listening do?
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13:02
AFAf: OK, so I would like all of us,
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安德烈:
我想请各位,
13:04
all around the world世界,
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还有世界上所有的人,
13:05
to go a website网站 called noplasticwaste无塑料废物.org组织.
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登陆一个叫做
noplasticwaste.org 的网站。
13:08
You contact联系 your hundred resin树脂 producers生产商
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你可以找到你所在地区
13:10
which哪一个 are in your region地区.
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的一百个树脂生产商。
13:12
You will have at least最小 one
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你会至少联系上其中一家,
13:14
within an email电子邮件 or Twitter推特
or a telephone电话 contact联系 from you,
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给他们发邮件,
发推特,或是打电话,
13:18
and let them know that you would like them
to make a contribution贡献 to a fund基金
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786505
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告诉他们,你希望他们为
由某个行业或世界银行
13:23
which哪一个 industry行业 can manage管理
or the World世界 Bank银行 can manage管理.
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所管理的基金捐款。
13:26
It raises加薪 tens of billions数十亿
of dollars美元 per year
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如果每年收集到几百亿的捐款,
13:30
so you can transition过渡 the industry行业
to getting得到 all its plastic塑料 from plastic塑料,
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4682
你就可以让这个产业转型,
用塑料来再生塑料,
13:35
not from fossil化石 fuel汽油.
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而不再使用化石燃料,
前者对环境更友好。
13:36
We don't need that.
That's bad. This is good.
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13:38
And it can clean清洁 up the environment环境.
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2012
剩余的资金还可以用来治理环境。
13:40
We've我们已经 got enough足够 capital首都 there,
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我们有足够的资金,
13:42
we've我们已经 got tens of billions数十亿
of dollars美元, Chris克里斯, per annum每年
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每年有几百亿美元
13:45
to clean清洁 up the environment环境.
287
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用来净化环境。
13:46
CACA: You're in the recycling回收 business商业.
288
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克里斯:
你已经在回收行业了。
13:48
Isn't this a conflict冲突 of interest利益 for you,
289
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2006
这难道不会损失你的利益吗,
或者,这对你来说反而
是一个巨大的商机?
13:50
or rather, a huge巨大 business商业
opportunity机会 for you?
290
818385
2209
安德烈:
是的,我在铁矿行业,
13:52
AFAf: Yeah, look, I'm in
the iron ore矿石 business商业,
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2131
我与废铁公司竞争,
13:54
and I compete竞争 against反对
the scrap废料 metal金属 business商业,
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2209
这就是为什么你不会在走路的时候
绊倒在一堆废铁上,
13:57
and that's why you don't have
any scrap废料 lying说谎 around to trip over,
293
825008
3435
14:00
and cut your toe脚趾 on,
294
828467
1449
划破脚趾,
14:01
because it gets得到 collected.
295
829940
1276
因为它们被回收了。
克里斯:这不是你
进入塑料回收行业的借口,
14:03
CACA: This isn't your excuse借口
to go into the plastic塑料 recycling回收 business商业.
296
831240
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安德烈:
不是的,我还要大力提倡。
14:06
AFAf: No, I am going to cheer欢呼 for this boom繁荣.
297
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2321
14:08
This will be the internet互联网
of plastic塑料 waste浪费.
298
836903
2111
这会成为塑料垃圾行业中的互联网。
14:11
This will be a boom繁荣 industry行业
which哪一个 will spread传播 all over the world世界,
299
839038
3339
这会是横跨世界的成熟产业,
14:14
and particularly尤其 where poverty贫穷 is worst最差
because that's where the rubbish垃圾 is most,
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特别是严重贫困的地区,
因为那是垃圾最多的地方,
14:18
and that's the resource资源.
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同时也是资源所在地。
14:19
So I'm going to cheer欢呼 for it
and stand back.
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3207
所以我要大力提倡,并且全力支持。
14:23
CACA: Twiggy特维吉, we're in an era时代
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克里斯:
Twiggy,在我们所处的年代,
14:24
where so many许多 people around the world世界
are craving a new, regenerative再生 economy经济,
304
852424
4665
很多人在世界各地
发展新的,再生的经济,
让这些巨大的供应链,
这些巨大的产业
14:29
these big supply供应 chains,
these big industries行业,
305
857113
2629
14:31
to fundamentally从根本上 transform转变.
306
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2041
发生根本性的转变。
14:33
It strikes罢工 me as a giant巨人 idea理念,
307
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1732
这个了不起的想法震撼到我了,
14:35
and you're going to need a lot of people
cheering欢呼 you on your way
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在这个过程中,
我们也需要得到很多人的支持,
才能继续前进。
14:38
to make it happen发生.
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感谢您与我们分享这些。
14:39
Thank you for sharing分享 this with us.
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安德烈:
非常感谢,克里斯。
14:41
AFAf: Thank you very much. Thank you, Chris克里斯.
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2024
(鼓掌)
14:43
(Applause掌声)
312
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Translated by Chloe Ma

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Andrew Forrest - Entrepreneur
Andrew "Twiggy" Forrest is an Australian businessman, philanthropist and entrepreneur, widely considered one of the country’s greatest change agents.

Why you should listen

As founder and chairman of Fortescue Metals Group, Andrew Forrest has led the company from inception to a market capitalisation of more than AU$30billion. In 2001, he co-founded Minderoo Foundation with his wife Nicola, and he's since donated more than AU$1.5 billion to its core initiatives and more than 280 causes around the world. Never daunted by the scale of a challenge, Forrest devotes his relentless energy to tackling some of the world’s greatest problems, including Indigenous disparity, modern slavery and cancer.

But it is Forrest's most recent pursuit -- a PhD in Marine Ecology -- that led him to the TED stage. Driven by a lifelong love for the oceans, Forrest studied marine life and, along the way, encountered the destructive impacts of ocean plastic pollution, which he is now striving to apprehend. 

More profile about the speaker
Andrew Forrest | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com

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