TED Salon: Radical Craft
Gabby Rivera: The story of Marvel's first queer Latina superhero
蓋比里維拉: 漫威第一個拉丁美洲裔酷兒超級英雄的故事
Filmed:
Readability: 4.1
1,420,948 views
蓋比里維拉用漫威的「艾美莉卡查韋斯」寫出了一種全新的超級英雄——她能打出通往其他次元的傳送口，同時也能擁抱她自己溫柔、怪異、軟弱的一面。在這場很有趣又個人化的演說中，里維拉分享了她自己的童年，她是來自布朗克斯區的波多黎各酷兒，這段往事讓她寫的新故事更豐富。她也展示了漫畫中的一些圖像，呈現出當超級英雄擁抱她的人性時，會發生什麼事。如她說的：「那種必須要獨自一人，且必須要強悍的謎思並不適合我們。」
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
At no point did I think superheroes
would become such a huge part of my life.
would become such a huge part of my life.
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我從來沒有想過超級英雄
會成為我人生中這麼重要的一部分。
00:21
As a kid, I looked at them,
and I saw everything I wasn't.
and I saw everything I wasn't.
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小時候，我看著他們，
看到的是他們有，而我卻沒有的。
看到的是他們有，而我卻沒有的。
00:25
They had big muscles,
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他們有大肌肉、
00:27
supermodel good looks,
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名模的好看外表，
00:28
and phenomenal cosmic powers.
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和非凡的宇宙能力。
00:32
And me?
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那我呢？
00:34
I kind of looked like this,
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我看起來就像這個樣子，
00:36
except shorter and with frizzier hair,
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只是更矮且頭髮更鬈曲，
00:39
and I never felt powerful.
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且我從來不覺得我有什麼能力。
00:43
I was always just one big ball
of nervous, soft energy,
of nervous, soft energy,
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我向來就只是
一團緊張、軟弱的能量，
一團緊張、軟弱的能量，
00:46
and superheroes,
much like the bullies at school,
much like the bullies at school,
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而超級英雄，
就像是學校裡的霸王孩子，
就像是學校裡的霸王孩子，
00:51
didn't seem to have
a lot of room for that, for me.
a lot of room for that, for me.
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似乎沒有許多空間
容納那能量，容納我。
容納那能量，容納我。
00:54
So I stayed away.
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所以我躲得遠遠的。
00:57
And besides, who needs superheroes
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此外，當你身邊都是
來自布朗克斯區的
來自布朗克斯區的
00:59
when you're surrounded
by Puerto Rican women from the Bronx?
by Puerto Rican women from the Bronx?
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波多黎各女子，
誰還需要超級英雄？
誰還需要超級英雄？
01:02
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:05
My tías were cops and paramedics,
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我的阿姨是警察和醫務人員，
01:08
my abuelas were seamstresses
and sold jewelry up the street,
and sold jewelry up the street,
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我的祖母是女裁縫師
且在街上賣珠寶，
且在街上賣珠寶，
01:12
and my mom got her master's degree
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我媽媽取得了教育碩士學位，
01:15
in education and taught kindergarten
in New York City public schools
in New York City public schools
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在紐約市公立學校教幼稚園孩子，
01:18
for over 30 years.
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長達三十年。
01:20
So my superheroes were sitting
around the dinner table with me.
around the dinner table with me.
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我的超級英雄就是
和我同桌共進晚餐的那些人。
和我同桌共進晚餐的那些人。
我不知道你們花過多少時間和來自
01:24
And I don't know how much time
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01:25
you've spent with Puerto Rican
women from the Bronx,
women from the Bronx,
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布朗克斯區的波多黎各女子相處，
01:28
but we're also some
of the world's greatest storytellers.
of the world's greatest storytellers.
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但我們也是世界上頂尖的說故事者。
01:33
And I'd sit there
at my grandmother's dining room table
at my grandmother's dining room table
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我會坐在我祖母的餐桌邊，
01:37
and I'd listen to the women in my family
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聽著我家中的女性
01:41
tell these wild, rambunctious tales
about navigating their lives in the Bronx.
about navigating their lives in the Bronx.
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訴說她們在布朗克斯區
過生活的狂野、熱鬧的故事。
01:47
And I wanted to be them so bad.
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我好想要成為她們。
01:50
But I wasn't tough like them either.
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但我也沒有她們那麼強悍。
01:52
So mostly, I listened,
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所以，我通常只是聽，
01:54
and I soaked it in,
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我沉浸在其中，
01:56
and I found myself gravitating
to the soft threads in their stories,
to the soft threads in their stories,
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我發現我自己被她們故事中的
柔軟思路給牽引著，
柔軟思路給牽引著，
02:02
and I wrote those down.
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我把這些都寫下了。
02:04
The funny, the goofy, the gentle --
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有趣的事、愚蠢的事、
溫柔的事——
溫柔的事——
02:08
those were my in to storytelling,
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那些是我進入說故事的門路，
02:12
so much so that I wrote
a young-adult novel
a young-adult novel
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足以讓我寫出了一本青春小說，
02:16
called "Juliet Takes a Breath,"
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書名叫《茱麗葉緩口氣》，
02:18
about a chubby, queer
Puerto Rican girl from the Bronx
Puerto Rican girl from the Bronx
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故事講的是一位豐腴的波多黎各
酷兒女孩，來自布朗克斯區，
酷兒女孩，來自布朗克斯區，
02:22
navigating sexuality, family and identity.
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在性向、家庭，
和身分中尋找方向。
和身分中尋找方向。
02:27
And on the strength of "Juliet,"
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拜「茱麗葉」所賜，
02:29
Marvel Comics tapped me
to write the solo series
to write the solo series
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漫威漫畫找我來為他們史上第一個
拉丁美洲裔的女同志
超級英雄寫單獨的系列：
超級英雄寫單獨的系列：
02:33
for their first-ever
Latina lesbian superhero,
Latina lesbian superhero,
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02:38
America Chavez.
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《艾美莉卡查韋斯》。
02:40
Yeah!
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是啊！
02:41
(Cheers)
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（歡呼）
02:43
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
02:45
Listen, OK.
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聽著，好。
02:46
Created by Joe Casey and Nick Dragotta
for the Marvel miniseries "Vengeance,"
for the Marvel miniseries "Vengeance,"
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艾美莉卡查韋斯是由喬凱西
和尼克德拉戈塔為漫威的短連載
和尼克德拉戈塔為漫威的短連載
《復仇者聯盟》所創造的角色，
已經存在於漫威宇宙
已經存在於漫威宇宙
02:52
America Chavez has been
in the Marvel Universe
in the Marvel Universe
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02:55
for over seven years.
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至少七年了。
02:57
She's tough, Latina,
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她很強悍，是拉丁美洲裔，
02:59
and she's so strong that she can punch
portals into other dimensions.
portals into other dimensions.
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她非常強壯，能夠打出
通往其他次元的傳送口。
通往其他次元的傳送口。
03:03
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:04
I know, right?
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我知道，是吧？
03:05
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:07
And people were so excited,
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大家都好興奮，
03:08
because finally, someone who shared
her identities -- queer and Latina --
her identities -- queer and Latina --
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因為，終於，一個有著
和她相同身分的人——
和她相同身分的人——
拉丁美洲裔的酷兒——
要來主筆她的故事。
要來主筆她的故事。
03:13
would be writing her story.
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03:15
And I saw that, right?
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我看到了那一點，對吧？
03:17
And also, when I looked at America,
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此外，當我看著艾美莉卡時，
03:19
I saw a young Latina in survival mode.
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我看到一個拉丁美洲裔
年輕人在求生存。
年輕人在求生存。
03:24
See, because her moms
had sacrificed themselves to the universe
had sacrificed themselves to the universe
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因為，在她小時候，她的媽媽們
為了宇宙而犧牲了自己，
03:27
when she was a kid,
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03:29
and she'd been on her own ever since.
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她從此之後就一直靠自己。
03:32
No wonder she had to be tough.
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難怪她需要很強悍。
03:35
And that link, that link
of having to be tough,
of having to be tough,
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而那連結，
那必須要強悍起來的連結，
那必須要強悍起來的連結，
03:38
that rested heavy with me.
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那主要是取決於我。
03:41
Like I said, I'm from the Bronx,
and the Bronx is tough,
and the Bronx is tough,
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我說過，我來自布朗克斯區，
而布朗克斯區很強悍，
而布朗克斯區很強悍，
03:44
tough like walking past sidewalk memorials
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所謂的強悍是在去搭火車的路上
要經過人行道上的紀念碑
且要躲開警察塔。
且要躲開警察塔。
03:47
and dodging cop towers
on your way to the train type of tough.
on your way to the train type of tough.
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03:51
When stuff happens that's bad,
people are like,
people are like,
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當不好的事情發生，大家會說：
03:54
"Yo, you gotta keep it moving.
You gotta keep trucking.
You gotta keep trucking.
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「你得繼續向前走。繼續向前
開車。別哭。別讓它影響你。」
開車。別哭。別讓它影響你。」
03:56
Don't cry. Don't let it get to you."
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03:59
And my mom and my tías and my abuelas,
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至於我媽媽、阿姨，和祖母，
04:02
I never saw them take a moment to rest
or to invest in self-care.
or to invest in self-care.
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我從來沒有看過她們有時間休息
或是花在自我照顧上。
或是花在自我照顧上。
04:08
And their soft? It never left the house.
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她們的軟弱面呢？
從不曾帶出家門。
從不曾帶出家門。
04:13
And so that was the first thing
that I wanted to give to America,
that I wanted to give to America,
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所以這是我想要給予
艾美莉卡的第一樣東西，
艾美莉卡的第一樣東西，
04:16
the thing that I wished I'd been able
to give to my abuelas and my tías,
to give to my abuelas and my tías,
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我希望我當初能給予
我的阿姨和祖母的東西，
我的阿姨和祖母的東西，
04:20
the thing that I'm trying
to give to my mom now:
to give to my mom now:
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我現在正在試圖給予我媽媽的東西：
04:24
permission to be soft.
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能展現軟弱的許可。
04:26
Like, it's OK to sit in silence
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像是可以沉默地坐著，
單純為了發現自我而去旅行沒關係，
04:31
and go on a journey
just to discover yourself,
just to discover yourself,
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04:33
and your pain will make you
crumble and you will fall
crumble and you will fall
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你的痛苦會讓你崩潰，
且你會摔跤，
且你會摔跤，
04:36
and you will need to ask people for help,
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你會需要向他人求助，
04:38
and that's OK,
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那是沒關係的，
04:40
and that being vulnerable is good for us.
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脆弱對我們來說是好的。
04:44
But see, I didn't come to all this
compassion and healing stuff
compassion and healing stuff
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但，我並不是平白無故就生出
這些同理心和療癒的東西，
04:47
like, you know, out of nowhere,
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04:49
and so when it came to America's story,
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所以，針對艾美莉卡的故事，
04:52
I wanted to give her the space
to be human, to mess up,
to be human, to mess up,
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我想要給她空間，
讓她可以當人類，可以搞砸，
讓她可以當人類，可以搞砸，
04:57
and to find soft on her own.
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可以靠她自己找到軟弱。
05:01
So she kind of had to quit her day job.
You know what I'm saying?
You know what I'm saying?
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所以她得要辭掉她白天的工作。
你們懂我的意思嗎？
你們懂我的意思嗎？
05:04
I had to give her a superhero sabbatical,
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我得要給她超級英雄的公休日，
05:07
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
05:08
and the first thing I did was enroll her
in Justice Sonia Sotomayor University.
in Justice Sonia Sotomayor University.
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是讓她就讀
正義索尼婭索托瑪約大學。
05:13
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
05:17
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
05:18
Because where else would she feel safe
and represented and liberated
and represented and liberated
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因為唯一能讓她感到安全、
被充分代表、且自由解放的地方，
被充分代表、且自由解放的地方，
05:24
but a university dedicated
to the first Puerto Rican woman
to the first Puerto Rican woman
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就是獻給美國最高法院提名的
第一位波多黎各女子的大學了。
05:27
nominated to the Supreme Court
of the United States?
of the United States?
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05:32
And her first class is "Intergalactic
Revolutionaries and You,"
Revolutionaries and You,"
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她的第一堂課是
「銀河革命者與你」，
「銀河革命者與你」，
05:36
and America is so excited,
she's ready to show off her strength,
she's ready to show off her strength,
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艾美莉卡很興奮，
她已經準備好炫耀她的力量，
她已經準備好炫耀她的力量，
05:40
she's ready to show off
her portal-punching skills,
her portal-punching skills,
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她已經準備好炫耀
能打開傳送口的技能，
能打開傳送口的技能，
05:43
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
05:44
and I stripped that safety net
from her right away.
from her right away.
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而我馬上拿掉了她的安全保護網。
05:47
And I limited her powers,
and I changed up her location
and I changed up her location
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我限制了她的能力，
我改變了她的所在，
我改變了她的所在，
05:50
and shook up her world,
because that is what college is like,
because that is what college is like,
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且撼動了她的世界，
因為大學就是這樣子的，
因為大學就是這樣子的，
05:55
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
05:56
especially if you're alone.
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特別是當你孤單一人時。
05:59
But I didn't want America
to be alone for long,
to be alone for long,
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但我並不希望艾美莉卡
一直都孤單一人，
一直都孤單一人，
06:03
and so in a homework assignment
gone totally wrong,
gone totally wrong,
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所以，有一次回家作業大出包，
06:06
she lands on a battlefield with the X-Men.
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她和 X 戰警一起降落在一個戰場上。
（笑聲）
06:09
(Laughter)
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06:10
Because, when I was in college,
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因為，當我讀大學時，
06:12
the Reverend Kelly Brown Douglas
was my mentor,
was my mentor,
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凱利道格拉斯布朗牧師是我的導師，
06:16
and I knew that America Chavez
needed one, too.
needed one, too.
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我知道艾美莉卡查韋斯
也需要一個導師。
也需要一個導師。
06:21
And who better to mentor
America Chavez than Storm,
America Chavez than Storm,
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誰會比暴風女更適合
當艾美莉卡查韋斯的導師？
當艾美莉卡查韋斯的導師？
06:26
the first black female superhero
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她是第一個黑人
女性超級英雄角色，
女性超級英雄角色，
06:29
and one of the most powerful
members of the X-Men?
members of the X-Men?
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也是 X 戰警中最強大的成員之一。
06:32
Nobody, that's who.
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沒有人比她更適合。
06:34
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
06:36
And Storm teaches America
how to quiet her mind
how to quiet her mind
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在一個星際傳送口內，
暴風女教導艾美莉卡
暴風女教導艾美莉卡
如何讓她的心靈平靜下來，
06:39
inside of a star portal,
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06:41
and when America quiets her mind,
she opens up the dimensions,
she opens up the dimensions,
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當艾美莉卡的心靈平靜下來，
她便開啟了其他次元，
她便開啟了其他次元，
在那沉靜之中，她能夠
聽見任何事物、任何人。
聽見任何事物、任何人。
06:45
and in that silence,
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06:46
she can listen for anything and anyone.
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06:52
And no one has ever offered her
silence and deep reflection
silence and deep reflection
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從來沒有人教過她，
沉靜和深刻的反思是
沉靜和深刻的反思是
可以成為變強大的一種方式。
06:56
as a way to be powerful.
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06:59
And at first, she rejects it,
but with Storm's encouragement,
but with Storm's encouragement,
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一開始，她會排拒，
但靠著暴風女的鼓勵，
但靠著暴風女的鼓勵，
07:03
it clicks,
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成功了，
07:05
and America quiets the world around her,
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艾美莉卡讓她周圍的世界靜下來，
07:09
and she leans into a deep vulnerability.
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她進入了更深的脆弱。
07:12
I mean, her and Storm even hug.
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我是指，她和暴風女甚至會擁抱。
07:15
I know.
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我知道。
07:17
And that's because my mentors
loved me enough
loved me enough
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那是因為我的導師愛我愛到足以
07:22
to encourage me to investigate
myself and my ancestors,
myself and my ancestors,
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鼓勵我去探究我自己和我的祖先，
07:26
and when you're 19,
how do you even know what that means?
how do you even know what that means?
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當你十九歲時，你怎麼
會知道那是什麼意思？
會知道那是什麼意思？
07:30
I didn't learn about the history
of my people in college.
of my people in college.
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我並沒有在大學時學到
關於我的族人的知識。
關於我的族人的知識。
07:34
I learned about the history of my people
sitting on my grandmother's lap
sitting on my grandmother's lap
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我是坐在我祖母的膝上時學到的，
她會把相簿拿出來，
07:38
when she pulled out the photo album
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07:40
and she named everyone that was here
and everyone still left on the island.
and everyone still left on the island.
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她會指出在這裡的每個人，
及仍然被留在島上的每個人。
及仍然被留在島上的每個人。
07:44
So obviously, I had to crash-land
a grandma on America Chavez,
a grandma on America Chavez,
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很明顯，我得要丟一個祖母
給艾美莉卡查韋斯，
給艾美莉卡查韋斯，
07:49
and not just any grandma --
a big, strong, luchador grandma,
a big, strong, luchador grandma,
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且不是任何祖母——
是個高大強壯會摔角的祖母，
是個高大強壯會摔角的祖母，
07:54
one that loved her enough
to take her to the ancestral plain,
to take her to the ancestral plain,
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這個祖母非常愛她，
因此帶她到祖先的平原，
因此帶她到祖先的平原，
08:00
where America Chavez
could see the history of her people
could see the history of her people
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在那裡，艾美莉卡查韋斯
能夠看到她的族人的歷史，
能夠看到她的族人的歷史，
08:03
play out in the skies above.
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在天空上呈現出來。
08:07
And America gets to see Planeta Fuertona,
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艾美莉卡得以看到佛雷托納星，
08:10
the birth planet of her grandmother,
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那是她祖母出生的星球，
08:13
and she sees it get invaded,
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她看到那個星球被入侵，
08:15
and she sees her grandmother
and her mom flee.
and her mom flee.
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她看到她祖母和她媽媽逃亡。
08:19
And she also sees the joy
that they experience
that they experience
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她也看到，當她們的新家鄉
很開放地接受她們
並熱心照顧她們時，
並熱心照顧她們時，
08:22
when their new homeland
accepts them openly
accepts them openly
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08:26
and offers them tremendous care.
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她們所經歷的喜悅。
08:29
She gets to see great pain
met with even greater compassion,
met with even greater compassion,
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她看見很大的痛苦
遇上更大的同情，
遇上更大的同情，
08:33
and that's right alongside
the tremendous strength of her family.
the tremendous strength of her family.
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那伴隨著她的家庭
所擁有的強大力量。
所擁有的強大力量。
08:39
And so everywhere that I could, right,
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所以，在任何適合的地方，
08:41
I wrote her little love notes
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我都會寫給她愛的小紙條，
08:44
for her and for all the other
queer kids of color
queer kids of color
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給她，也給所有試著想要有所為的
08:47
trying to be magnificent.
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有色人種酷兒孩子。
08:50
Like, when you lose yourself,
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像是，當你失去自我的時候，
08:53
dig deep into your ancestry,
because you will find the pieces there.
because you will find the pieces there.
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不妨深入探究你的祖先，
因為你可以在那裡找到一些片段。
因為你可以在那裡找到一些片段。
08:59
And also, reminders that soft
is not a pass to duck,
is not a pass to duck,
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那也會提醒你，軟弱並不表示
閃躲、躲藏、沉默、懦弱。
09:05
to hide, to be silent, to cower.
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09:09
Soft is also a push
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軟弱同時也是一種推力，
09:11
to hold ourselves accountable.
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要讓我們自己負責。
09:14
Kind of like when America
lands in World War II
lands in World War II
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就有一點像當艾美莉卡
參與第二次世界大戰時，
參與第二次世界大戰時，
她和希特勒面對面，
把他海扁一頓……
把他海扁一頓……
09:17
and comes face-to-face with Hitler,
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09:19
and she knocks him the hell out ...
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09:21
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
09:23
just like Captain America did in 1941,
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就像是 1941 年美國隊長所做的，
09:26
and who knew we'd need America Chavez
to punch Nazis in 2018.
to punch Nazis in 2018.
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當時誰會料到 2018 年我們會需要
艾美莉卡查韋斯來修理納粹。
艾美莉卡查韋斯來修理納粹。
09:29
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
09:31
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
09:35
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
09:36
And even that, that justified act
kind of wrecks her a little bit,
kind of wrecks her a little bit,
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即使那舉動有著正當的理由，
仍然讓她有些受挫，
仍然讓她有些受挫，
09:41
so I made sure that she linked up
with her best friend,
with her best friend,
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所以我確保她
和她最好的朋友有連結，
和她最好的朋友有連結，
09:44
and they talk feelings
and they go on a road trip
and they go on a road trip
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她們能談感受，
能一起來一趟公路之旅，
能一起來一趟公路之旅，
09:47
and they sing "Just a Girl" by No Doubt
at the top of their lungs.
at the top of their lungs.
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她們會聲嘶力竭地唱「不要懷疑」
合唱團的「只是個女孩」。
合唱團的「只是個女孩」。
09:51
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
09:53
And when Midas, a sinister corporation,
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當邁德斯，一家邪惡的企業，
09:56
takes control of Sotomayor,
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控制了索托瑪約，
09:58
threatens to ban portals
and almost kills America ...
and almost kills America ...
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威脅要禁止傳送口
且幾乎殺了艾美莉卡……
且幾乎殺了艾美莉卡……
10:04
her ancestors reach for her ...
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她的祖先向她伸出援手……
10:08
because they know that she needs to heal.
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因為他們知道她需要治癒。
10:12
And it is that burst of care,
that healing, that gives her the fuel
that healing, that gives her the fuel
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正是那突發的照顧、治癒，
給了她動力，
給了她動力，
10:16
to defeat Midas and reclaim herself.
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來打敗邁德斯並改造她自己。
10:22
See, because that myth
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因為那種必須要獨自一人，
10:24
of having to go it alone
and having to be tough ...
and having to be tough ...
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且必須要強悍的謎思……
10:29
doesn't serve us.
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並不適合我們。
10:31
America Chavez is a whole superhero,
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艾美莉卡查韋斯
是一個完整的超級英雄，
是一個完整的超級英雄，
10:34
and she still needed a team of support
to help her find herself.
to help her find herself.
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她還是需要一個團隊來支持她，
協助她找到自我。
協助她找到自我。
10:40
And she needed that gentleness,
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她需要那種溫柔，
10:43
the type of gentleness
that is rooted in compassion
that is rooted in compassion
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那種深根在同情當中，
且同時也仍然
且同時也仍然
10:46
and still very much invested
in justice and liberation.
in justice and liberation.
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投入在正義和自由當中的溫柔。
10:53
Because it's in that space where softness
and vulnerability meet strength
and vulnerability meet strength
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因為正是在軟弱和脆弱
碰上力量的那個空間中，
11:00
that we transcend our everyday selves,
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我們才能超越日常的自我，
11:03
that we become something greater,
something majestic,
something majestic,
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才能變得更了不起、更崇高，
11:07
maybe even something super.
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甚至變得更超級。
11:10
Thank you.
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謝謝。
11:12
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gabby Rivera - WriterGabby Rivera is a Bronx-born, queer Latinx writer.
Why you should listen
Gabby Rivera is the author of AMERICA, the debut solo series for America Chavez, Marvel's first queer Latina superhero.
Rivera's critically acclaimed debut novel Juliet Takes a Breath was called "f*cking outstanding" by Roxane Gay and will be published in hardcover for the first time in fall 2019. Rivera has also written in the Lumberjanes universe for Boom! Studios. Her latest short story, "O.1," can be found in Victor LaValle's upcoming anthology A People's Future of the United States. She is currently working on her next novel.
When not writing, Rivera speaks at events across the country on her experiences as a queer Puerto Rican from the Bronx, an LGBTQ youth advocate and on the importance of centering joy in narratives as Latinx people and people of color.
Gabby Rivera | Speaker | TED.com