Daniel Levitin: How to stay calm when you know you'll be stressed
Daniel Levitin: Kiel resti trankvila, kiam oni antaŭvidas streĉan situacion
Daniel Levitin incorporates findings from neuroscience into everyday life. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
mi enrompis en mian propran domon.
I broke into my own house.
in the dead of Montreal winter,
en plena montreala vintro,
Jeff, across town,
read minus 40 degrees --
indikis -40 gradojn --
if that's Celsius or Fahrenheit,
fumbling in my pockets,
traserĉante miajn poŝojn
ke mi ne havis la ŝlosilojn.
through the window,
where I had left them.
and tried all the other doors and windows,
tra la aliaj pordoj kaj fenestroj,
at least I had my cellphone,
mi ja almenaŭ havis mian poŝtelefonon,
for a locksmith to show up,
prenus multan tempon por alveni kaj
Jeff's house for the night
de mia amiko tranokti,
to Europe the next morning,
mi prenos aviadilon al Eŭropo
my passport and my suitcase.
miajn pasporton kaj valizon.
through the basement window,
fenestron de la subgrunda etaĝo,
and taped it up over the opening,
por alfiksi ĝin sur la truo,
on the way to the airport,
survoje al la flughaveno
and ask him to fix it.
kaj peti, ke li riparu ĝin.
than a middle-of-the-night locksmith,
ol seruristo alvokita noktomeze,
I was coming out even.
nemalbone el tiu situacio.
about how the brain performs under stress.
de cerbo sub streĉiteco.
that raises your heart rate,
kiu pliigas la korbatojn
that I had to call my contractor,
the cortisol in my brain,
because my thinking was cloudy.
ĉar mia penso estis konfuza.
to the airport check-in counter,
mian pasporton
and ice, 40 minutes,
plena je neĝo kaj glacio, en 40 minutoj,
raced back to the airport,
denove al la flug-haveno.
my seat to someone else,
mian sid-lokon al iu alia
next to the bathrooms,
on an eight-hour flight.
dum okhora flugo.
during those eight hours and no sleep.
por pensadi dum tiuj ok horoj sendormaj.
are there things that I can do,
from happening?
la probablon de katastrofo,
of it being a total catastrophe.
until about a month later.
unu monaton poste.
Danny Kahneman, the Nobel Prize winner,
Danny Kahneman, Nobel-premiito,
about having broken my window,
pri la rompo de mia fenestro
something called prospective hindsight.
retro-prospektivon.
from the psychologist Gary Klein,
el psikologo Gary Klein,
a few years before,
to figure out what went wrong, right?
kio miskunciis, ĉu ne?
all the things that could go wrong,
kio povus esti misa
what you can do
or to minimize the damage.
aŭ por minimumigi la damaĝon.
in the form of a pre-mortem.
some of them are not so obvious.
for things that are easily lost.
por meti aĵojn facile perdeblajn.
like common sense, and it is,
komuna saĝo,
to back this up,
pri nia spaca memoro
called the hippocampus,
nomata hipokampo,
of thousands of years,
of important things --
where fish can be found,
aro de frukt-arboj,
becomes enlarged.
ĉe la londonaj taksiistoj.
that allows squirrels to find their nuts.
kiu ebligas al sciuroj trovi nuksojn.
somebody actually did the experiment
iu jam faris eksperimenton,
the olfactory sense of the squirrels,
they were using the hippocampus,
ili uzis hipokampon,
in the brain for finding things.
de la cerbo por trovi aferojn.
that don't move around much,
por aferoj apenaŭ moviĝantaj,
and reading glasses and passports.
leg-okulvitrojn kaj pasporton.
designate a spot for your keys --
maybe a decorative bowl.
a particular table.
and you're scrupulous about it,
kaj vi skrupule respektas ĉi tion,
when you look for them.
kiam vi serĉos ilin.
of your credit cards,
viajn kredit-kartojn,
por ennubigi ilin.
you can facilitate replacement.
vi povos pli facile anstataugi ilin.
the brain releases cortisol.
via cerbo liveras kortisolon.
and it causes cloudy thinking.
kaj igas pensadon konfuza.
estas agnoski,
you're not going to be at your best,
kiam vi streĉiĝos,
help-sistemon.
no more stressful a situation
with a medical decision to make.
are going to be in that position,
a very important decision
or that of a loved one,
a very particular medical condition.
pri tre specifa situacio rilate sanon.
of medical decision-making,
de ĉiu speco de decido pri sano,
and social decision-making --
assessment of the facts.
and the doctor says,
kaj li au ŝi diras:
your cholesterol's a little high."
kaj la kolesterol-nivelo estas iom alta."
of cardiovascular disease,
de kardiovaskula malsano,
isn't the best thing,
ne estas dezirinde,
"You know, I'd like to give you a drug
”Nu, mi volus doni al vi kuracilon,
lower your cholesterol, a statin."
vian kolesterol-nivelon: statino”.
the most widely prescribed drugs
el la substancoj plej preskribitaj
people who take them.
"Yeah! Give me the statin."
“Jes, donu al mi statinon!”
you should ask at this point,
kiun vi devus fari tiam,
don't like talking about,
ne ŝatas paroli,
like talking about even less.
Nombro necesa por kuracado (NNK) .
that need to take a drug
kiu ricevas medikamenton,
or any medical procedure
what kind of crazy statistic is that?
“Kiel stranga statistiko!”
something to me
doesn't work that way.
ne funkcias tiel.
it's the fault of scientists like me.
estas sciencistoj kiel mi.
the underlying mechanisms well enough.
la implicitajn mekanismojn de medikamentoj.
in only 30 to 50 percent of the people.
for the most widely prescribed statin,
before one person is helped?
po unu persono kuracita?
Jerome Groopman and Pamela Hartzband,
Jerome Groopman kaj Pamela Hartzband,
take the drug for a year
ĉi tiun medikamenton dum unu jaro
or other adverse event is prevented.
unu apopleksion aŭ unu alian malsanon.
of lowering my cholesterol.
malpliigi mian kolesterolon indas.
the prescription anyway."
ĝin al mi, ĉiel ajn."
for another statistic,
pri alia statistiko:
about the side effects." Right?
pri la flankaj efektoj." Ĉu ne?
in five percent of the patients.
al kvin procento el la pacientoj.
gastrointestinal distress --
kaj stomak-intesta malbonfarto.
it's going to happen to me,
ke tio okazos al mi,
you're not thinking clearly.
vi ne pensos tute klare.
to work through this ahead of time,
the chain of reasoning on the spot.
poste sub streĉiteco.
One person's helped,
have side effects,
havas flankajn efektojn,
to be harmed by the drug
ol helpos vin.
should take the statin or not.
ke vi prenu staninon aŭ ne.
this conversation with your doctor.
ĉi tiun interparolon kun via doktoro.
of informed consent.
de priinformita konsento.
to this kind of information
you want to take the risks or not.
ĉu vi volas alpreni tiun riskon aŭ ne.
out of the air for shock value,
this number needed to treat.
sufiĉe normala koncepto.
on men over the age of 50,
ĉe viroj pli-ol-kvindekjaraj,
for every one person who's helped.
po unu persono kuracita.
occur in 50 percent of the patients.
ĉe 50 procento el la pacientoj.
erectile dysfunction,
penisan miserektiĝon,
of the 50 percent who has these,
el tiu 50 procento kun flank-efektoj,
is to think ahead of time
estas pripensi antaŭtempe la demandojn,
that you might be able to ask
kun via doktoro.
all of this on the spot.
ĉi tion surloke.
about things like quality of life.
pri aferoj kiel viv-kvalito.
that's pain-free,
malpli longan sen doloro,
a great deal of pain towards the end?
tre dolora ĝis sia fino?
and think about now,
kaj viaj amataj proksimuloj.
in the heat of the moment,
pro la tiumomenta urĝo,
with this kind of thinking.
al ĉi tiu pensmaniero.
releases cortisol,
liveras kortisolon,
that happens at that moment
you don't need your digestive system,
la digestan sistemon,
metabolism on those things
metabolon ĉe tiuj aferoj
and then none of those things matter.
kaj tiam nenio antaŭe dirita plu gravos.
during those times of stress
dum tiuj streĉaj momentoj
and his colleagues have shown.
kaj liaj kolegoj montris.
to think ahead
is recognizing that all of us are flawed.
estas agnoski, ke ni ĉiuj estas difektaj.
to what those failures might be,
kiujn erarojn povus okazi,
that will help minimize the damage,
kiuj minimumigos damaĝon
from happening in the first place.
snowy night in Montreal,
en Montrealo,
a combination lock next to the door,
an easy to remember combination.
that haven't been sorted,
da leteroj ne klasitaj
that I haven't gone through.
as a gradual process,
kiel laŭgradan procezon,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Levitin - NeuroscientistDaniel Levitin incorporates findings from neuroscience into everyday life.
Why you should listen
Dr. Daniel Levitin is a neuroscientist at McGill University in Montreal, dean at Minerva Schools in San Francisco and a musician. His research focuses on pattern processing in the brain.
His three books This Is Your Brain on Music, The World in Six Songs, and the recent The Organized Mind are all bestsellers. A polymath at heart, he has performed with top musicians and holds a few gold and platinum records.
Levitin earned his B.A. in Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Science at Stanford University, and went on to earn his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Oregon, researching complex auditory patterns and pattern processing in expert and non-expert populations. He completed post-doctoral training at Stanford University Medical School (in Neuroimaging) and at UC Berkeley (in Cognitive Psychology). He has consulted on audio sound source separation for the U.S. Navy, and on audio quality for several rock bands and record labels (including the Grateful Dead and Steely Dan), and served as one of the “Golden Ears” expert listeners in the original Dolby AC3 compression tests. He worked for two years at the Silicon Valley think tank Interval Research Corporation.
He taught at Stanford University in the Department of Computer Science, the Program in Human-Computer Interaction, and the Departments of Psychology, Anthropology, Computer Music, and History of Science.
Daniel Levitin | Speaker | TED.com