Greg Gage: How a dragonfly's brain is designed to kill
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
to think of a ferocious killer animal,
en un feroz asesino animal,
predatory skills that a lion has,
predadora que posee un león,
success rate at catching a meal.
en todo el reino animal te sorprenderá:
is surprising:
y cuando ven una mosca más pequeña,
97 % de atraparla para comer.
chance of catching it for a meal.
a small insect be so precise?
un insecto tan pequeño?
de la libélula está muy especializado,
specialized to be a deadly killer.
one of the most successful predators
uno de los depredadores más exitosos
individual de sus alas,
precisely in any direction.
en cualquier dirección.
to the dragonfly's success
del éxito de la libélula
this complex information
esta información compleja
spending a lot of time
ha pasado mucho tiempo
para hacer tus experimentos?
you need dragonflies.
para capturar las libélulas.
to catch the dragonflies.
the more terrified I got of them.
más me aterrorizaron.
especialmente bajo un microscopio.
especially under a microscope.
are generally pretty aggressive,
y son bastante agresivas.
a ser muy buenos depredadores.
to be really good predators.
en el cerebro de la libélula
inside the dragonfly's brain
on a conversation
a la libélula sobre hielo
to anesthetize the dragonfly on ice
para poder liberarla después.
so that we can release it afterwards.
de células especializadas
of specialized cells called neurons
are what allow the dragonfly
a la libélula ver y moverse tan rápido.
by connecting to each other
forman circuitos interconectados
llamados axones.
over these axons using electricity.
por estos axones, mediante electricidad.
little metal wires, or electrodes,
o electrodos, en la libélula,
16 neuronas, ocho por ojo,
exactamente dónde está el blanco.
exactly where the target is.
so that we can record from these neurons
para poder grabar de las neuronas
del ojo al ala,
from the eye to the wing,
in the form of an electrical current,
en la forma de pico,
in the form of a spike,
a la libélula boca abajo,
flipped upside down,
or what we sometimes call a target.
o lo que a veces llamamos un blanco.
es una mosca falsa.
going to be a fake fly.
into the dragonfly's sights.
a la vista de la libélula.
in one direction.
con una dirección.
cuando voy para adelante,
when I go forward,
that the neurons of the dragonfly
de la libélula dispararon
in one direction but not the other.
en una dirección, pero no en la otra.
tiene la visión de casi 360 grados?
of the eye called the fovea
that has the sharpest visual acuity,
la mayor agudeza visual.
individual precise control of its wings?
tiene el control individual de sus alas?
it trains its crosshairs on it
apunta su punto de mira hacia ella
it sends messages only to the neurons
envía mensajes solo a las neuronas
de las alas que se necesitan
to keep that dragonfly on target.
on the left of the dragonfly,
a la izquierda de la libélula,
the wings to the left are fired.
tiran de las alas a la izquierda.
to the right of the dragonfly,
a la derecha de la libélula,
so they're going to remain quiet.
ya no se necesitan y se quedan inactivas.
a un ángulo fijo
by this crosshairs to the wings,
and it's effortless for the dragonfly.
y sin esfuerzo por parte de la libélula.
process is called fixation.
se llama fijación.
story to this process.
respond to movements,
respondieron a los movimientos,
que algo sí es presa?
that something really is prey?
una serie de puntos.
to smaller targets over larger ones.
respondió a los objetos pequeños
was programmed to go after smaller flies
para perseguir moscas más pequeñas
something as prey,
algo como la presa,
only has seconds to live.
solo le quedan segundos de vida.
how the dragonfly's brain works
el cerebro de la libélula
un depredador muy eficaz.
that we didn't live 300 million years ago
hace 300 millones de años,
del tamaño de los gatos.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com