TEDWomen 2010
Shirin Neshat: Art in exile
Shirin Neshat: Umjetnost u izgnanstvu
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Iranska umjetnica Shirin Neshat istražuje paradoks umjetnika u izgnanstvu: glas za njene ljude, ali se ne može vratiti kući. U svom radu, ona istražuje Iran prije i nakon Islamske revolucije, prateći političku i društvenu promjenu kroz snažne slike žena.
Shirin Neshat - Iranian visual artist
Shirin Neshat has lived much of her life outside her native Iran. Her photographs and films offer a glimpse of the cultural, religious and political realities that shape the identities of Muslim women worldwide. Full bio
Shirin Neshat has lived much of her life outside her native Iran. Her photographs and films offer a glimpse of the cultural, religious and political realities that shape the identities of Muslim women worldwide. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
The story I wanted to share with you today
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Priča koju želim podijeliti s vama danas
00:17
is my challenge as an Iranian artist,
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je moj izazov kao iranske umjetnice,
00:21
as an Iranian woman artist,
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kao iranska ženska umjetnica,
00:23
as an Iranian woman artist
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kao iranska ženska umjetnica
00:25
living in exile.
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koja živi u izgnanstvu.
00:28
Well, it has its pluses and minuses.
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Pa, ima svojih prednosti i nedostatka.
00:31
On the dark side,
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S tamne strane,
00:33
politics doesn't seem to escape people like me.
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politika čini se ne bježi od ljudi poput mene.
00:36
Every Iranian artist, in one form or another,
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Svaki iranski umjetnik, u ovom ili onom obliku,
00:39
is political.
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je politički.
00:41
Politics have defined our lives.
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Politika je definirala naše živote.
00:44
If you're living in Iran,
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Ukoliko živite u Iranu,
00:46
you're facing censorship, harassment,
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suočeni ste sa cenzurom, maltretiranjem,
00:49
arrest, torture --
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uhićenjem, mučenjem --
00:51
at times, execution.
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ponekad, egzekucijom.
00:54
If you're living outside like me,
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Ukoliko živite vani poput mene,
00:56
you're faced with life in exile --
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suočeni ste sa životom u izgnanstvu --
00:58
the pain of the longing
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bol zbog čežnje
01:00
and the separation from your loved ones
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i odvojenosti od vaših voljenih
01:02
and your family.
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i vaše obitelji.
01:04
Therefore, we don't find
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Stoga, ne pronalazimo
01:06
the moral, emotional,
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moralan, emocionalan,
01:08
psychological and political space
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psihološki i politički prostor
01:10
to distance ourselves from the reality
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kako bi se udaljili od stvarnosti
01:13
of social responsibility.
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društvene odgovornosti.
01:16
Oddly enough,
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Začudo,
01:18
an artist such as myself
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umjetnica poput mene
01:20
finds herself also in the position of being the voice,
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se isto nađe u poziciji da bude glas,
01:24
the speaker of my people,
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govornik mojih ljudi,
01:27
even if I have, indeed,
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čak i ako nemam, doista,
01:29
no access to my own country.
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nikakav pristup svojoj zemlji.
01:32
Also, people like myself,
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Isto tako, ljudi poput mene,
01:35
we're fighting two battles on different grounds.
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mi vodimo dvije bitke na različitim terenima.
01:38
We're being critical of the West,
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Kritični smo prema zapadu,
01:40
the perception of the West
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percepcija zapada
01:42
about our identity --
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o našem identitetu --
01:44
about the image that is constructed about us,
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o slici koja je konstruirana o nama,
01:47
about our women, about our politics,
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o našim ženama, o našoj politici,
01:50
about our religion.
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o našoj religiji.
01:52
We are there to take pride
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Mi smo tamo da uzmemo ponos
01:54
and insist on respect.
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i inzistiramo na poštovanju.
01:56
And at the same time,
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I u isto vrijeme,
01:58
we're fighting another battle.
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vodimo još jednu bitku.
02:00
That is our regime,
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To je naš režim,
02:02
our government --
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naša vlada --
02:04
our atrocious government,
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naša užasna vlada,
02:06
[that] has done every crime
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[koja] je počinila svaki zločin
02:08
in order to stay in power.
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kako bi ostala na vlasti.
02:11
Our artists are at risk.
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Naši umjetnici su u opasnosti.
02:14
We are in a position of danger.
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Mi smo u pozicji opasnosti.
02:17
We pose a threat
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Mi predstavljamo prijetnju
02:19
to the order of the government.
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redu vlade.
02:21
But ironically,
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Ali ironija je,
02:23
this situation
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kako je ta situacija
02:25
has empowered all of us,
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opunomoćila sve nas,
02:27
because we are considered, as artists,
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jer se smatra kako smo mi, umjetnici,
02:29
central to the cultural, political,
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ključni za kulturalni, politički,
02:32
social discourse in Iran.
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društveni diskurs u Iranu.
02:34
We are there to inspire, to provoke,
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Mi smo ovdje kako bi nadahnuli, isprovocirali,
02:37
to mobilize,
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mobilizirali,
02:39
to bring hope to our people.
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donijeli nadu ljudima.
02:41
We are the reporters of our people,
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Mi smo reporteri naših ljudi,
02:44
and are communicators
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i mi smo komunikatori
02:46
to the outside world.
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prema vanjskom svijetu.
02:48
Art is our weapon.
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Umjetnost je naše oružje.
02:51
Culture is a form of resistance.
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Kultura je oblik otpora.
02:54
I envy sometimes the artists of the West
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Ponekad zavidim umjetnicima na zapadu
02:57
for their freedom of expression.
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zbog njihove slobode izražavanja --
02:59
For the fact that they can distance themselves
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zbog činjenice što se mogu distancirati
03:02
from the question of politics.
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od pitanja politike --
03:04
From the fact that they are only serving one audience,
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od činjenice da su oni sluga samo jednoj publici,
03:06
mainly the Western culture.
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većim dijelom zapadnoj kulturi.
03:09
But also, I worry about the West,
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Ali ujedno, brinem o zapadu,
03:13
because often in this country,
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jer često u ovoj zemlji,
03:15
in this Western world that we have,
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u ovom zapadnom svijetu koji imamo,
03:18
culture risks being a form of entertainment.
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postoji rizik da je kultura samo oblik zabave.
03:23
Our people depend on our artists,
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Naši ljudi ovise o našim umjetnicima,
03:26
and culture is beyond communication.
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a kultura je iznad komunikacije.
03:30
My journey as an artist
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Moje putovanje kao umjetnice
03:32
started from a very, very personal place.
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je započelo iz jednog vrlo, vrlo osobnog mjesta.
03:35
I did not start
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Nisam počela
03:37
to make social commentary
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tako što sam društveno komentirala
03:39
about my country.
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svoju zemlju.
03:41
The first one that you see in front of you
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Prva koju vidite ispred vas
03:44
is actually when I first returned to Iran
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je zapravo kada sam se prvi puta vratila u Iran
03:46
after being separated for a good 12 years.
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nakon što sam bila odvojena dobrih 12 godina.
03:49
It was after the Islamic Revolution
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Bilo je to nakon Islamske revolucije
03:51
of 1979.
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1979. godine.
03:54
While I was absent from Iran,
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Dok sam bila odsutna iz Irana,
03:57
the Islamic Revolution had descended on Iran
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Islamska revolucija se spustila na Iran
04:00
and had entirely transformed the country
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i u potpunosti je preobrazila zemlju
04:02
from Persian to the Islamic culture.
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iz perzijske na islamsku kulturu.
04:05
I came mainly to be reunited with my family
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Došla sam prvenstveno kako bih bila sa svojom obitelji
04:08
and to reconnect in a way
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i kako bih se ponovno spojila na način
04:10
that I found my place in the society.
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da nađem svoje mjesto u društvu.
04:12
But instead, I found a country
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Ali umjesto toga, došla sam u zemlju
04:14
that was totally ideological
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koja je bila u potpunosti ideološka
04:16
and that I didn't recognize anymore.
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i koju nisam više poznavala.
04:19
More so, I became very interested,
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Još više, postala sam vrlo zainteresirana,
04:21
as I was facing
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kako sam se suočavala
04:23
my own personal dilemmas and questions,
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s vlastitim osobnim dilemama i pitanjima,
04:25
I became immersed in the study
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zadubila sam se u proučavanje
04:27
of the Islamic Revolution --
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Islamske revolucije --
04:29
how, indeed,
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kako je, doista,
04:31
it had incredibly transformed
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nevjerojatno promijenila
04:33
the lives of Iranian women.
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živote iranskih žena.
04:35
I found the subject of Iranian women
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Predmet proučavanja iranskih žena
04:37
immensely interesting,
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mi je postajao neizmjerno interesantan,
04:39
in the way the women of Iran, historically,
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zbog načina na koji su, kroz povijest, žene Irana,
04:42
seemed to embody the political transformation.
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utjelovile političku transformaciju.
04:45
So in a way, by studying a woman,
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Dakle, proučavajući ženu,
04:48
you can read the structure and the ideology of the country.
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možete čitati strukturu i ideologiju zemlje.
04:52
So I made a group of work
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Dakle, učinila sam hrpu posla
04:54
that at once faced my own personal questions in life,
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koji je u jednom trenutku postao suočen s mojim vlastitim osobnim pitanjima u životu,
04:58
and yet it brought my work into a larger discourse --
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a ipak je doveo moj rad u veći diskurz --
05:01
the subject of martyrdom,
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predmet mučeništva,
05:03
the question of those who willingly stand in that intersection
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pitanje onih koji svojevoljno stanu na to raskrižje
05:07
of love of God, faith,
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ljubavi prema Bogu, vjere,
05:11
but violence and crime and cruelty.
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ali i nasilja, i zločina i okrutništva.
05:14
For me, this became incredibly important.
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Za mene, to je postalo nevjerojatno važno.
05:17
And yet, I had an unusual position toward this.
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A ipak, imala sam neobičan stav prema tome.
05:20
I was an outsider
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Bila sam autsajder
05:22
who had come back to Iran to find my place,
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koji se vratio u Iran kako bih pronašla svoje mjesto,
05:25
but I was not in a position
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ali nisam bila u poziciji
05:27
to be critical of the government
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biti kritična prema vladi
05:30
or the ideology of the Islamic Revolution.
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ili ideologiji Islamske revolucije.
05:33
This changed slowly
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To se sporo mijenjalo
05:35
as I found my voice
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kako sam pronašla svoj glas
05:37
and I discovered things
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i otkrila stvari
05:39
that I didn't know I would discover.
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za koje nisam znala da ću otkriti.
05:41
So my art became slightly more critical.
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Dakle, moja umjetnost je postala malo više kritičnija.
05:44
My knife became a little sharper.
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Moj nož je postao malo oštriji.
05:46
And I fell into a life in exile.
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I pala sam u život u izgnanstvu.
05:50
I am a nomadic artist.
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Ja sam nomadska umjetnica.
05:52
I work in Morocco, in Turkey, in Mexico.
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Radim u Maroku, Turskoj, u Meksiku.
05:55
I go everywhere to make believe it's Iran.
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Odlazim svuda gdje vjerujem da je Iran.
05:58
Now I am making films.
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Sada snimam filmove.
06:00
Last year, I finished a film
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Prošle godine, završila sam film
06:02
called "Women Without Men."
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zvan "Žene bez muškaraca."
06:04
"Women Without Men" returns to history,
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"Žene bez muškaraca" se vraća povijesti,
06:06
but another part of our Iranian history.
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ali drugom dijelu naše Iranske povijesti.
06:09
It goes to 1953
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Vraća se u 1953.godinu
06:11
when American CIA exercised a coup
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kada je Američka CIA izvršila udar
06:14
and removed a democratically elected leader,
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i maknula demokratski izabranog vođu,
06:16
Dr. Mossadegh.
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Dr.Mossadegh-a.
06:18
The book is written by an Iranian woman,
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Knjigu je napisala Iranka,
06:20
Shahrnush Parsipur.
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Shahrnush Parsipur.
06:22
It's a magical realist novel.
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To je magičan realističan roman.
06:24
This book is banned,
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Knjiga je zabranjena,
06:26
and she spent five years in prison.
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a ona je provela pet godina u zatvoru.
06:28
My obsession with this book,
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Moja opsesija s tom knjigom,
06:30
and the reason I made this into a film,
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i razlog zbog kojeg sam je pretvorila u film,
06:32
is because it at once was addressing
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je zato jer je jednom adresirala
06:34
the question of being a female --
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pitanje kako je biti žena --
06:36
traditionally, historically in Iran --
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tradicionalno, povijesno u Iranu --
06:39
and the question of four women
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i pitanje četiriju žena
06:41
who are all looking for an idea
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koje traže ideju
06:43
of change, freedom and democracy --
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promjene, slobode i demokracije --
06:46
while the country of Iran, equally, as if another character,
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dok se država Iran, jednako tako, poput drugog lika,
06:49
also struggled for an idea
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borila za ideju
06:51
of freedom and democracy
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slobode i demokracije
06:53
and independence from the foreign interventions.
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i neovisnosti od stranih intervencija.
06:56
I made this film
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Napravila sam taj film
06:58
because I felt it's important
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jer sam smatrala kako je važno
07:00
for it to speak to the Westerners
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reći zapadnjacima
07:02
about our history as a country.
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o našoj povijesti države.
07:05
That all of you seem to remember Iran
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O tome kako se čini da svi vi pamtite Iran
07:07
after the Islamic Revolution.
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nakon Islamske revolucije.
07:09
That Iran was once a secular society,
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Da je Iran jednom bio svjetovno društvo,
07:12
and we had democracy,
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i imali smo demokraciju,
07:14
and this democracy was stolen from us
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a tu demokraciju nam je ukrala
07:16
by the American government,
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američka vlada,
07:18
by the British government.
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britanska vlada.
07:20
This film also speaks to the Iranian people
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Taj film ujedno govori i Irancima
07:23
in asking them to return to their history
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i moli ih da se vrate svojoj povijesti
07:25
and look at themselves before they were so Islamicized --
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i da sagledaju sebe prije nego su postali toliko islamizirani --
07:29
in the way we looked, in the way we played music,
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način na koji smo gledali, način na koji smo svirali glazbu,
07:32
in the way we had intellectual life.
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način kojim smo vodili intelektualni život.
07:36
And most of all,
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I najviše od svega,
07:38
in the way that we fought for democracy.
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način na koji smo se borili za demokraciju.
07:41
These are some of the shots actually from my film.
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Ovo su zapravo neke snimke iz mog filma.
07:44
These are some of the images of the coup.
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Ovo su neke slike udara.
07:46
And we made this film in Casablanca,
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A film smo snimili u Casablanca-i,
07:49
recreating all the shots.
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stvarajući isponova sve snimke.
07:51
This film tried to find a balance
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Ovaj film je pokušao pronaći ravnotežu
07:54
between telling a political story,
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između pričanja političke priče,
07:56
but also a feminine story.
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ali i ženske priče.
07:58
Being a visual artist, indeed,
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Ja sam vizualna umjetnica, doista,
08:00
I am foremost interested to make art --
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i ponajprije me interesira da stvaram umjetnost --
08:03
to make art that transcends
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da napravim umjetnost koja nadilazi
08:05
politics, religion,
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politiku, religiju,
08:07
the question of feminism,
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pitanje feminizma,
08:10
and become an important, timeless,
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i da postane važan, bezvremenski,
08:12
universal work of art.
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univerzalni rad umjetnosti.
08:14
The challenge I have
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Izazov s kojim se suočavam
08:16
is how to do that.
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jest kako to napraviti --
08:18
How to tell a political story but an allegorical story.
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kako ispričati političku priču pomoću alegorije --
08:21
How to move you with your emotions,
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kako vas dirnuti pomoću vaših emocija,
08:23
but also make your mind work.
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ali ujedno potaknuti vas na razmišljanje.
08:25
These are some of the images
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Ovo su neke slike
08:27
and the characters of the film.
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i likovi iz filma.
08:40
Now comes the green movement --
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Sada dolazi zeleni pokret --
08:42
the summer of 2009,
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ljeto 2009. godine,
08:44
as my film is released --
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kako je moj film izašao --
08:46
the uprising begins in the streets of Tehran.
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ustanak počinje na ulicama Tehrana.
08:49
What is unbelievably ironic
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Ono što je nevjerojatno ironično
08:52
is the period that we tried to depict in the film,
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jest period koji smo htjeli prikazati u filmu,
08:55
the cry for democracy
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čežnja za demokracijom
08:57
and social justice,
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i društvenom pravdom,
08:59
repeats itself now
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se upravo ponavlja
09:01
again in Tehran.
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ponovno u Tehranu.
09:03
The green movement
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Zeleni pokret
09:05
significantly inspired the world.
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je značajno inspirirao svijet.
09:07
It brought a lot of attention to all those Iranians
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Donio je veliku pozornost na one Irance
09:10
who stand for basic human rights
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koji se zalažu za osnovna ljudska prava
09:12
and struggle for democracy.
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i koji se bore za demokraciju.
09:14
What was most significant for me
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Ono što je meni bilo najznačajnije
09:16
was, once again,
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je, još jednom,
09:18
the presence of the women.
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nazočnost žena.
09:20
They're absolutely inspirational for me.
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One su meni potpuno inspirativne.
09:22
If in the Islamic Revolution,
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Ukoliko su u Islamskoj revoluciji,
09:24
the images of the woman portrayed
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slike žena bile prikazane
09:26
were submissive
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kao pokorne
09:28
and didn't have a voice,
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i bez glasa,
09:30
now we saw a new idea of feminism
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sada smo vidjeli novu ideju feminizma
09:32
in the streets of Tehran --
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na ulicama Tehrana --
09:35
women who were educated,
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žene koje su bile educirane,
09:37
forward thinking, non-traditional,
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koje napredno razmišljaju, netradicionalne,
09:39
sexually open, fearless
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otvorene prema pitanju seksa, neustrašive
09:42
and seriously feminist.
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i ozbiljno feministične.
09:45
These women and those young men
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Te žene i ti mladi muškarci
09:48
united Iranians
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su ujedinili Irance
09:50
across the world, inside and outside.
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po cijelom svijetu, iznutra i izvana.
09:53
I then discovered
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Zatim sam otkrila
09:55
why I take so much inspiration
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zašto crpim toliko inspiracije
09:57
from Iranian women.
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od iranskih žena.
09:59
That, under all circumstances,
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A to je, da su one, pod svim okolnostima,
10:01
they have pushed the boundary.
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pomaknule granicu.
10:03
They have confronted the authority.
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One su se suprotstavile autoritetu.
10:05
They have broken every rule
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Prekršile su svako pravilo
10:07
in the smallest and the biggest way.
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na namanji i najveći način.
10:09
And once again, they proved themselves.
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I još jednom, one su se dokazale.
10:11
I stand here to say
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Stojim ovdje kako bih rekla
10:13
that Iranian women have found a new voice,
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da su iranske žene pronašle novi glas,
10:16
and their voice is giving me my voice.
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a njihov glas daje meni moj glas.
10:19
And it's a great honor
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I velika je čast
10:21
to be an Iranian woman and an Iranian artist,
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biti Iranka i iranska umjetnica,
10:24
even if I have to operate in the West only for now.
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čak i ako moram za sada samo raditi na zapadu.
10:28
Thank you so much.
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Puno vam hvala.
10:30
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shirin Neshat - Iranian visual artistShirin Neshat has lived much of her life outside her native Iran. Her photographs and films offer a glimpse of the cultural, religious and political realities that shape the identities of Muslim women worldwide.
Why you should listen
Shirin Neshat is among the best-known Persian artists in the Western world. She has lived in the United States, in self-imposed exile from her native Iran, for most of her adult life. This experience, of being caught between two cultures, dominates Neshat’s creative work: each of her pieces offers a glimpse into the complex social, religious and political realities that shape her identity—and the identities of Muslim women worldwide.
Neshat’s provocative photographs, videos and multimedia installations have resonated with the curators of many major international art exhibitions, including the XLVIII Venice Biennale, where she won the top prize in 1999. Her first feature film, Women Without Men, tells the stories of four women struggling to escape oppression in Tehran. It won her the Silver Lion for best director at the 2010 Venice Film Festival.
Shirin Neshat | Speaker | TED.com