TEDGlobal 2010
David McCandless: The beauty of data visualization
David McCandless: Ljepota vizualizacije podataka
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David McCandless pretvara kompleksne setove podataka poput svjetskog budžeta za vojsku, medijske prašine, ažuriranja Facebook statusa i mnogih drugih u predivne, no jednostavne grafičke prikaze. Predlaže dizajniranje informacija kao alat koji bismo mogli koristiti za prolazak kroz današnju zagušenost informacijama, tražeći jedinstvene uzorke i poveznice koji bi mogli promijeniti način na koji gledamo na svijet.
David McCandless - Data journalist
David McCandless draws beautiful conclusions from complex datasets -- thus revealing unexpected insights into our world. Full bio
David McCandless draws beautiful conclusions from complex datasets -- thus revealing unexpected insights into our world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
It feels like we're all suffering
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Izgleda kao da svi patimo
00:17
from information overload or data glut.
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od preopterećenja informacijama ili zatrpanosti podatcima.
00:20
And the good news is there might be an easy solution to that,
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Dobra vijest je da možda postoji jednostavno rješenje za to,
00:22
and that's using our eyes more.
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a to je da više koristimo svoje oči.
00:24
So, visualizing information, so that we can see
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Vizualiziranje informacija, tako da bismo mogli vidjeti
00:26
the patterns and connections that matter
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bitne uzorke i poveznice
00:29
and then designing that information so it makes more sense,
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te potom dizajniranje tih informacija da imaju više smisla,
00:32
or it tells a story,
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ili ispričaju priču,
00:34
or allows us to focus only on the information that's important.
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ili nam dopuste da se usredotočimo samo na informacije koje su bitne.
00:38
Failing that, visualized information can just look really cool.
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Ne uspijemo li u tome, vizualizirane informacije mogu samo izgledati veoma "cool".
00:41
So, let's see.
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Pa, da vidimo.
00:45
This is the $Billion Dollar o-Gram,
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Ovo je "Gram milijarde dolara" (Billion Dollar Gram),
00:47
and this image arose
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i ova slika se pojavila
00:49
out of frustration I had
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uslijed frustracije koju sam imao
00:51
with the reporting of billion-dollar amounts in the press.
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zbog izvještavanja o iznosima od milijardi dolara u tisku.
00:53
That is, they're meaningless without context:
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To jest, ona su beznačajna bez konteksta.
00:56
500 billion for this pipeline,
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500 milijardi za ovaj cjevovod.
00:58
20 billion for this war.
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20 milijardi za ovaj rat.
01:00
It doesn't make any sense, so the only way to understand it
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To nema smisla, jedini način da bismo to razumjeli
01:02
is visually and relatively.
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jest vizualno i relativno.
01:04
So I scraped a load of reported figures
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Prikupio sam hrpu brojki iz izvještaja
01:06
from various news outlets
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iz različitih medijskih izvora
01:08
and then scaled the boxes according to those amounts.
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i zatim napravio kvadrate prema tim iznosima.
01:11
And the colors here represent the motivation behind the money.
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Boje predstavljaju motivaciju iza novca.
01:14
So purple is "fighting,"
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Ljubičasta je borba,
01:17
and red is "giving money away," and green is "profiteering."
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crvena je darivanje novca, a zelena profit.
01:20
And what you can see straight away
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Ono što možete odmah uočiti
01:22
is you start to have a different relationship to the numbers.
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jest da počinjete stvarati drugačiji odnos prema brojevima.
01:24
You can literally see them.
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Možete ih doslovno vidjeti.
01:26
But more importantly, you start to see
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Još važnije, počinjete uočavati
01:28
patterns and connections between numbers
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uzorke i poveznice među brojevima
01:30
that would otherwise be scattered across multiple news reports.
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koje bi inače bile razasute preko višestrukih novinskih izvješća.
01:33
Let me point out some that I really like.
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Dopustite mi da istaknem neke koje mi se zbilja sviđaju.
01:36
This is OPEC's revenue, this green box here --
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Ovo su prihodi OPEC-a, ovaj zeleni kvadrat ovdje --
01:38
780 billion a year.
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780 milijardi godišnje.
01:40
And this little pixel in the corner -- three billion --
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A ovaj mali piksel u kutu -- 3 milijarde --
01:43
that's their climate change fund.
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to je njihov fond za klimatske promjene.
01:46
Americans, incredibly generous people --
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Amerikanci, nevjerojatno darežljivi ljudi --
01:48
over 300 billion a year, donated to charity every year,
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preko 300 milijardi godišnje, donirano u dobrotvorne svrhe svake godine,
01:51
compared with the amount of foreign aid
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u usporedbi sa količinom inozemne pomoći
01:53
given by the top 17 industrialized nations
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donirane od strane 17 vršnih industrijaliziranih država
01:55
at 120 billion.
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od 120 milijardi.
01:57
Then of course,
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I onda naravno,
01:59
the Iraq War, predicted to cost just 60 billion
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rat u Iraku, predviđen da će stajati 60 milijardi
02:01
back in 2003.
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2003. godine.
02:04
And it mushroomed slightly. Afghanistan and Iraq mushroomed now
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Mrvicu se povećao. Afganistan se povećao sada
02:07
to 3,000 billion.
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na 3,000 milijardi.
02:10
So now it's great
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Super je
02:12
because now we have this texture, and we can add numbers to it as well.
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sada kad imamo ovu teksturu, možemo dodati i brojke.
02:14
So we could say, well, a new figure comes out ... let's see African debt.
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Mogli bismo reći, nova brojka izađe van... da vidimo afrički dug.
02:17
How much of this diagram do you think might be taken up
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Što mislite koliki dio grafa bi mogao zauzimati
02:19
by the debt that Africa owes to the West?
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novac koji Afrika duguje Zapadu?
02:21
Let's take a look.
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Pogledajmo.
02:23
So there it is:
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Evo ga.
02:25
227 billion is what Africa owes.
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227 milijardi koje Afrika duguje.
02:27
And the recent financial crisis,
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Nedavna financijska kriza --
02:29
how much of this diagram might that figure take up?
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koliki bi dio grafa ta brojka mogla zauzimati?
02:31
What has that cost the world? Let's take a look at that.
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Koliko je to stajalo svijet? Pogledajmo.
02:34
Dooosh -- Which I think is the appropriate sound effect
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Dooosh. Mislim da je to prikladan zvučni efekt
02:37
for that much money:
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za toliko novca.
02:39
11,900 billion.
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11, 900 milijardi.
02:45
So, by visualizing this information,
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Vizualiziranjem ovih informacija,
02:47
we turned it into a landscape
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pretvorili smo ih u krajolik
02:49
that you can explore with your eyes,
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koji možete istraživati sa svojim očima,
02:51
a kind of map really, a sort of information map.
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neka vrsta karte zapravo, vrsta informacijske karte.
02:53
And when you're lost in information,
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I kada se izgubite u informacijama,
02:55
an information map is kind of useful.
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informacijska karta je korisna.
02:58
So I want to show you another landscape now.
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Želim vam pokazati još jedan krajolik.
03:00
We need to imagine what a landscape
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Trebamo zamisliti kako bi mogao izgledati
03:02
of the world's fears might look like.
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krajolik svjetskih strahova.
03:05
Let's take a look.
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Pogledajmo.
03:07
This is Mountains Out of Molehills,
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Ovo je pravljenje slona od muhe,
03:09
a timeline of global media panic.
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vremenska skala globalne medijske panike.
03:11
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:13
So, I'll label this for you in a second.
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Obilježiti ću ovo za sekundu.
03:15
But the height here, I want to point out,
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Ali visina ovdje, želim to istaknuti,
03:17
is the intensity of certain fears
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označava intenzitet određenih strahova,
03:19
as reported in the media.
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priopćen od strane medija.
03:21
Let me point them out.
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Dopustite mi da ih istaknem.
03:23
So this, swine flu -- pink.
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Ovo je, svinjska gripa -- ružičasto.
03:27
Bird flu.
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Ptičja gripa.
03:29
SARS -- brownish here. Remember that one?
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SARS -- smeđkasto ovdje. Zapamtite taj.
03:32
The millennium bug,
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"Milenijska buba" --
03:35
terrible disaster.
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grozna katastrofa.
03:37
These little green peaks
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Ovi mali zeleni vrhovi
03:39
are asteroid collisions.
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su udari asteroida.
03:41
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:43
And in summer, here, killer wasps.
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U ljeto, ovdje, smrtonosne ose.
03:45
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:53
So these are what our fears look like
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Ovako izgledaju naši strahovi
03:55
over time in our media.
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tijekom vremena u našim medijima.
03:57
But what I love -- and I'm a journalist --
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Ali ono što volim -- a ja sam novinar --
03:59
and what I love is finding hidden patterns; I love being a data detective.
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ono što volim jest pronalaziti skrivene uzorke; volim biti detektiv za podatke.
04:02
And there's a very interesting and odd pattern hidden in this data
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Postoji veoma zanimljiv i čudan uzorak skriven u ovim podacima
04:05
that you can only see when you visualize it.
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koji možete vidjeti samo kad ih vizualizirate.
04:07
Let me highlight it for you.
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Da istaknem to za vas.
04:09
See this line, this is a landscape for violent video games.
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Vidite ovu crtu. Ovo je graf za nasilne video igrice.
04:12
As you can see, there's a kind of odd, regular pattern in the data,
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Kao što vidite, postoji određena vrsta čudnog, pravilnog uzorka u ovim podacima,
04:15
twin peaks every year.
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dvostruki vrhunci svake godine.
04:17
If we look closer, we see those peaks occur
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Ako pogledate bolje, vidimo da se ti vrhunci pojavljuju
04:19
at the same month every year.
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u istom mjesecu svake godine.
04:22
Why?
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Zašto?
04:24
Well, November, Christmas video games come out,
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Studeni, božićna video igra izađe na tržište,
04:26
and there may well be an upsurge in the concern about their content.
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i možda čak postoji porast u zabrinutosti zbog sadržaja igre.
04:29
But April isn't a particularly massive month
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Ali travanj nije pretjerano važan mjesec
04:32
for video games.
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za video igre.
04:34
Why April?
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Zašto travanj?
04:36
Well, in April 1999 was the Columbine shooting,
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Pa, u travnju 1999. dogodila se pucnjava u Columbine-u,
04:39
and since then, that fear
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i od tad, strah
04:41
has been remembered by the media
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je zapamćen od strane medija
04:43
and echoes through the group mind gradually through the year.
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i odjekuje kroz kolektivni um postepeno kroz godinu.
04:45
You have retrospectives, anniversaries,
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Imate retrospektive, godišnjice,
04:48
court cases, even copy-cat shootings,
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sudske slučajeve, čak i pucnjave koje oponašaju ovu,
04:51
all pushing that fear into the agenda.
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svi podsjećajući na taj strah.
04:54
And there's another pattern here as well. Can you spot it?
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Ovdje je još jedan uzorak. Možete li ga uočiti?
04:56
See that gap there? There's a gap,
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Vidite prazninu tamo? Postoji praznina,
04:58
and it affects all the other stories.
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i utječe na sve ostale priče.
05:00
Why is there a gap there?
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Zašto je tamo praznina?
05:02
You see where it starts? September 2001,
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Vidite gdje počinje? Rujan 2001.,
05:05
when we had something very real
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kad smo imali nešto stvarno
05:07
to be scared about.
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čega se bojati.
05:09
So, I've been working as a data journalist for about a year,
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Radim kao novinar s podatcima oko godinu dana,
05:12
and I keep hearing a phrase
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i neprestano slušam frazu
05:14
all the time, which is this:
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cijelo vrijeme, koja glasi:
05:17
"Data is the new oil."
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"Podaci su nova nafta."
05:19
Data is the kind of ubiquitous resource
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Podaci su neka vrsta sveprisutnog resursa
05:22
that we can shape to provide new innovations and new insights,
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kojeg možemo oblikovati da dobijemo inovacije i nove uvide,
05:25
and it's all around us, and it can be mined very easily.
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i posvuda je oko nas, i može biti iskorištavan s lakoćom.
05:28
It's not a particularly great metaphor in these times,
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To nije pretjerano dobra metafora u ovim vremenima,
05:31
especially if you live around the Gulf of Mexico,
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posebice ako živite oko Meksičkog zaljeva,
05:34
but I would, perhaps, adapt this metaphor slightly,
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ali ja bih, možda, malo prilagodio ovu metaforu,
05:36
and I would say that data is the new soil.
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i rekao bih da su podaci novo tlo.
05:40
Because for me, it feels like a fertile, creative medium.
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Jer za mene, oni su poput plodnog, kreativnog medija.
05:43
Over the years, online,
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Znate, tijekom godina, na mreži,
05:45
we've laid down
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postavili smo
05:48
a huge amount of information and data,
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ogromnu količinu informacija i podataka,
05:50
and we irrigate it with networks and connectivity,
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i natapali smo ih sa mrežama i povezanošću,
05:52
and it's been worked and tilled by unpaid workers and governments.
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te su bili obrađivani od strane neplaćenih radnika i vlada.
05:55
And, all right, I'm kind of milking the metaphor a little bit.
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Pa, u redu, na neki način malo i iskorištavam metaforu.
05:58
But it's a really fertile medium,
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Ali to je zbilja plodan medij,
06:01
and it feels like visualizations, infographics, data visualizations,
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i čini se da vizualizacije, grafovi informacija, vizualizacija podataka,
06:04
they feel like flowers blooming from this medium.
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čine se kao cvjetovi koji cvjetaju iz medija.
06:07
But if you look at it directly,
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Ali ako izravno pogledate u to,
06:09
it's just a lot of numbers and disconnected facts.
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to je samo veoma mnogo brojeva i nepovezanih činjenica.
06:11
But if you start working with it and playing with it in a certain way,
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Ali ako počnete raditi i igrati se sa tim na određen način,
06:14
interesting things can appear and different patterns can be revealed.
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zanimljive se stvari mogu pojaviti i različiti uzorci mogu biti razotkriveni.
06:17
Let me show you this.
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Dopustite mi da vam pokažem ovo.
06:19
Can you guess what this data set is?
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Možete li pogoditi što ovi podaci prikazuju?
06:22
What rises twice a year,
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Što se povećava dvaput u godini,
06:24
once in Easter
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prvi put na Uskrs
06:26
and then two weeks before Christmas,
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a zatim dva tjedna prije Božića,
06:28
has a mini peak every Monday,
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ima mini vrhunac svaki ponedjeljak
06:30
and then flattens out over the summer?
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i onda se izravna preko ljeta.
06:32
I'll take answers.
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Primam odgovore.
06:34
(Audience: Chocolate.) David McCandless: Chocolate.
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(Publika: Čokolada.) David McCandless: Čokolada.
06:36
You might want to get some chocolate in.
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Možda biste htjeli unijeti nešto čokolade.
06:39
Any other guesses?
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Još koji pokušaj?
06:41
(Audience: Shopping.) DM: Shopping.
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(Publika: Kupovina.) DM: Kupovina.
06:43
Yeah, retail therapy might help.
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Da, terapija kupovinom bi mogla pomoći.
06:46
(Audience: Sick leave.)
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(Publika: Bolovanje.)
06:48
DM: Sick leave. Yeah, you'll definitely want to take some time off.
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DM: Bolovanje. Da, sigurno biste htjeli uzeti neko vrijeme slobodno.
06:50
Shall we see?
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Da vidimo?
06:53
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:01
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
07:04
So, the information guru Lee Byron and myself,
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Informacije ovdje, Lee Byron i ja,
07:07
we scraped 10,000 status Facebook updates
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pretražili smo 10,000 Facebook statusa
07:10
for the phrase "break-up" and "broken-up"
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tražeći izraze "prekid" i "prekinuli"
07:12
and this is the pattern we found --
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i ovo je uzorak koji smo pronašli --
07:14
people clearing out for Spring Break,
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ljudi čiste za proljetne praznike,
07:16
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:21
coming out of very bad weekends on a Monday,
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izlaze iz veoma loših vikenda ponedjeljkom,
07:23
being single over the summer,
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sami su preko ljeta.
07:26
and then the lowest day of the year, of course: Christmas Day.
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I onda, najniži dan u godini, naravno: Božić.
07:29
Who would do that?
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Tko bi to napravio?
07:32
So there's a titanic amount of data out there now,
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Postoji divovska količina podataka koja je sada dostupna,
07:34
unprecedented.
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neusporediva.
07:37
But if you ask the right kind of question,
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Ali ako postavite pravo pitanje,
07:39
or you work it in the right kind of way,
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ili ih obradite na odgovarajući način,
07:41
interesting things can emerge.
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zanimljive stvari mogu isplivati na površinu.
07:44
So information is beautiful. Data is beautiful.
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Informacije su predivne. Podaci su predivni.
07:47
I wonder if I could make my life beautiful.
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Pitam se mogu li napraviti svoj život predivnim.
07:50
And here's my visual C.V.
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I ovdje je moj vizualni životopis.
07:52
I'm not quite sure I've succeeded.
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Nisam siguran jesam li uspio.
07:54
Pretty blocky, the colors aren't that great.
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Poprilično puno blokova. Boje nisu nešto sjajne.
07:56
But I wanted to convey something to you.
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Ali htio sam vam nešto prenijeti.
07:59
I started as a programmer,
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Počeo sam kao programer,
08:01
and then I worked as a writer for many years, about 20 years,
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nakon čega sam radio kao pisac mnogo godina, oko 20,
08:03
in print, online and then in advertising,
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u tisku, online i zatim u oglašavanju,
08:05
and only recently have I started designing.
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a tek nedavno sam počeo dizajnirati.
08:08
And I've never been to design school.
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Nikad nisam bio u školi dizajna.
08:10
I've never studied art or anything.
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Nikad nisam studirao umjetnost ili nešto slično.
08:13
I just kind of learned through doing.
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Nekako sam naučio kroz rad.
08:15
And when I started designing,
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Kad sam počeo dizajnirati,
08:17
I discovered an odd thing about myself.
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otkrio sam čudnu stvar o sebi.
08:19
I already knew how to design,
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Već sam znao kako dizajnirati,
08:21
but it wasn't like I was amazingly brilliant at it,
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ali nisam bio nevjerojatno briljantan u tome,
08:24
but more like I was sensitive
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više osjetljiv
08:26
to the ideas of grids and space
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na ideje mreža i prostora
08:28
and alignment and typography.
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poretka i tipografije.
08:30
It's almost like being exposed
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Gotovo kao da je izlaganje
08:32
to all this media over the years
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svim ovim medijima tijekom godina
08:34
had instilled a kind of dormant design literacy in me.
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usadilo u mene neku vrstu prikrivene dizajnerske pismenosti.
08:37
And I don't feel like I'm unique.
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Ne osjećam se jedinstvenim.
08:39
I feel that everyday, all of us now
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Imam osjećaj da smo svaki dan, svi mi,
08:41
are being blasted by information design.
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bombardirani s dizajnom informacija.
08:44
It's being poured into our eyes through the Web,
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Slijeva se u naše oči kroz Web,
08:46
and we're all visualizers now;
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i svi smo vizualna bića,
08:48
we're all demanding a visual aspect
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zahtjevamo vizualni aspekt
08:50
to our information.
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naših informacija.
08:53
There's something almost quite magical about visual information.
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Postoji nešto gotovo magično oko vizualnih informacija.
08:56
It's effortless, it literally pours in.
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Nije potreban nikakav napor; doslovno se sliju unutra.
08:59
And if you're navigating a dense information jungle,
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A ako se probijate kroz gustu džunglu informacija,
09:02
coming across a beautiful graphic
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naići na predivnu grafiku
09:04
or a lovely data visualization,
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ili divnu vizualizaciju podataka,
09:06
it's a relief, it's like coming across a clearing in the jungle.
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to je olakšanje, kao da nailazite na čistinu nasred džungle.
09:09
I was curious about this, so it led me
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Bio sam znatiželjan oko toga, i to me je dovelo
09:11
to the work of a Danish physicist
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do rada danskog fizičara
09:13
called Tor Norretranders,
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Tora Norretrandersa,
09:15
and he converted the bandwidth of the senses into computer terms.
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on je pretvorio širinu područja osjetila u računalne pojmove.
09:19
So here we go. This is your senses,
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Pa krenimo. Ovo su vaša osjetila,
09:21
pouring into your senses every second.
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slijeva se u vaša osjetila svake sekunde.
09:23
Your sense of sight is the fastest.
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Vaše osjetilo vida je najbrže.
09:26
It has the same bandwidth as a computer network.
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Ima istu širinu kao računalna mreža.
09:29
Then you have touch, which is about the speed of a USB key.
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Zatim imate dodir, koji ima brzinu USB-a.
09:32
And then you have hearing and smell,
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A zatim imate sluh i njuh,
09:34
which has the throughput of a hard disk.
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koji imaju protok poput čvrstog diska.
09:36
And then you have poor old taste,
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A onda imate jadan, stari okus,
09:38
which is like barely the throughput of a pocket calculator.
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koji jedva ima protok džepnog kalkulatora.
09:41
And that little square in the corner, a naught .7 percent,
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Onaj mali kvadrat u kutu, 0,7%,
09:44
that's the amount we're actually aware of.
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to je količina koje smo zapravo svjesni.
09:47
So a lot of your vision --
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Velik dio našeg vida --
09:49
the bulk of it is visual, and it's pouring in.
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masa njega je vizualna, i slijeva se unutra.
09:51
It's unconscious.
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To je nesvijesno.
09:53
The eye is exquisitely sensitive
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Oko je posebno osjetljivo
09:56
to patterns in variations in color, shape and pattern.
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na uzorke u varijaciji boje, oblika i uzorka.
09:59
It loves them, and it calls them beautiful.
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Obožava ih, i naziva ih predivnim.
10:01
It's the language of the eye.
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To je jezik oka.
10:03
If you combine the language of the eye with the language of the mind,
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Ako iskombinirate taj jezik oka sa jezikom uma,
10:05
which is about words and numbers and concepts,
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koji se sastoji od riječi, brojki i koncepata,
10:08
you start speaking two languages simultaneously,
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počinjete pričati dva jezika istovremeno,
10:11
each enhancing the other.
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međusobno pojačavajućih.
10:14
So, you have the eye, and then you drop in the concepts.
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Imate oko, i onda ubacite koncepte.
10:17
And that whole thing -- it's two languages
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Ta cijela stvar -- to su dva jezika
10:19
both working at the same time.
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koja rade istodobno.
10:21
So we can use this new kind of language, if you like,
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Možemo koristiti ovu novu vrstu jezika, ako želite,
10:23
to alter our perspective or change our views.
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da promjenimo našu perspektivu ili naša gledišta.
10:26
Let me ask you a simple question
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Dopustite mi da vas upitam jednostavno pitanje
10:28
with a really simple answer:
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sa veoma jednostavnim odgovorom.
10:30
Who has the biggest military budget?
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Tko ima najveći vojni proračun?
10:32
It's got to be America, right?
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Morala bi biti Amerika, zar ne?
10:34
Massive. 609 billion in 2008 --
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Ogroman, 609 milijardi u 2008 --
10:36
607, rather.
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607, zapravo.
10:38
So massive, in fact, that it can contain
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Toliko ogroman, da zapravo može sadržavati
10:40
all the other military budgets in the world inside itself.
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sve ostale svjetske vojne proračune u sebi.
10:43
Gobble, gobble, gobble, gobble, gobble.
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Gobble, gobble, gobble, gobble, gobble.
10:45
Now, you can see Africa's total debt there
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Možete sad vidjeti ukupni afrički dug ovdje
10:47
and the U.K. budget deficit for reference.
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i deficit britanskog proračuna kao usporedbu.
10:49
So that might well chime
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To može dobro odgovarati
10:51
with your view that America
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sa vašim pogledom da je Amerika
10:53
is a sort of warmongering military machine,
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neka vrsta huškačkog, vojnog stroja,
10:56
out to overpower the world
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vani da nadjača svijet
10:58
with its huge industrial-military complex.
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sa svojim ogromnim, industrijsko-vojnim kompleksom.
11:01
But is it true that America has the biggest military budget?
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Je li istina da Amerika ima najveći vojni proračun?
11:04
Because America is an incredibly rich country.
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Jer to je nevjerojatno bogata država.
11:06
In fact, it's so massively rich
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U biti, toliko je bogata
11:08
that it can contain the four other
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da bi mogla sadržavati gospodarstva
11:10
top industrialized nations' economies
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ostale 4 top industrijalizirane države
11:12
inside itself, it's so vastly rich.
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u sebi, toliko je beskrajno bogata.
11:15
So its military budget is bound to be enormous.
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Njen vojni proračun mora biti divovski.
11:18
So, to be fair and to alter our perspective,
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Da bih bio pošten i da bih promjenio naše gledište,
11:20
we have to bring in another data set,
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moramo unijeti novi set podataka,
11:22
and that data set is GDP, or the country's earnings.
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a taj set jest BDP, ili zarada države.
11:24
Who has the biggest budget as a proportion of GDP?
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Tko ima najveći proračun u usporedi sa BDP-om?
11:26
Let's have a look.
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Bacimo pogled.
11:28
That changes the picture considerably.
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To značajno mijenja sliku.
11:31
Other countries pop into view that you, perhaps, weren't considering,
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Pojavljuju se zemlje koje, vjerojatno, niste uzimali u obzir,
11:34
and American drops into eighth.
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i Amerikanci padaju na 8. mjesto.
11:36
Now you can also do this with soldiers.
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Ovo isto možete napraviti sa vojnicima.
11:38
Who has the most soldiers? It's got to be China.
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Tko ima najviše vojnika? To mora da je Kina.
11:40
Of course, 2.1 million.
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Naravno, 2,1 milijun.
11:42
Again, chiming with your view
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Opet, u suglasnosti s vašim gledištem
11:44
that China has a militarized regime
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da je Kina militaristički režim
11:46
ready to, you know, mobilize its enormous forces.
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spreman mobilizirati svoje ogromne snage.
11:48
But of course, China has an enormous population.
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Ali naravno, Kina ima ogromnu populaciju.
11:51
So if we do the same,
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Ako napravimo isto,
11:53
we see a radically different picture.
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vidimo radikalno drugačiju sliku.
11:55
China drops to 124th.
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Kina pada na 124. mjesto.
11:57
It actually has a tiny army
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Zapravo ima jako malu vojsku
11:59
when you take other data into consideration.
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ako uzmete u obzir ostale podatke.
12:02
So, absolute figures, like the military budget,
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Apsolutne brojke, poput vojnog proračuna,
12:04
in a connected world,
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u povezanom svijetu,
12:06
don't give you the whole picture.
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vam ne daju potpunu sliku.
12:08
They're not as true as they could be.
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Nisu istinite koliko bi mogle biti.
12:10
We need relative figures that are connected to other data
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Potrebne su nam relativne brojke koje su povezane sa ostalim podacima
12:13
so that we can see a fuller picture,
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da bi mogli vidjeti potpuniju sliku,
12:15
and then that can lead to us changing our perspective.
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te nas onda to može dovesti do toga da promijenimo svoje gledište.
12:17
As Hans Rosling, the master,
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Kao što je Hans Rosling, učitelj,
12:19
my master, said,
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moj učitelj, rekao,
12:22
"Let the dataset change your mindset."
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"Dopusti da ti sklop podataka promijeni misaoni sklop."
12:26
And if it can do that, maybe it can also change your behavior.
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Ako može to napraviti, možda može promijeniti i vaše ponašanje.
12:29
Take a look at this one.
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Pogledajte ovaj.
12:31
I'm a bit of a health nut.
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Ja sam pomalo manijak kad je u pitanju zdravlje.
12:33
I love taking supplements and being fit,
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Volim uzimati dodatke prehrani i biti u dobroj formi,
12:36
but I can never understand what's going on in terms of evidence.
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ali nikad ne mogu razumjeti što se događa u okvirima dokaza.
12:39
There's always conflicting evidence.
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Uvijek postoje proturječni dokazi.
12:41
Should I take vitamin C? Should I be taking wheatgrass?
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Trebam li uzimati C vitamin? Trebam li jesti pšenične klice?
12:43
This is a visualization of all the evidence
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Ovo je vizualizacija svih dokaza
12:45
for nutritional supplements.
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za dodatke prehrani.
12:47
This kind of diagram is called a balloon race.
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Ova vrsta dijagrama naziva se utrka balona.
12:50
So the higher up the image,
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Što smo više u slici,
12:52
the more evidence there is for each supplement.
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više je dokaza za svaki od dodataka.
12:55
And the bubbles correspond to popularity as regards to Google hits.
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Mjehurići odgovaraju popularnosti prema Google pretragama.
12:58
So you can immediately apprehend
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Odmah shvatite
13:01
the relationship between efficacy and popularity,
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vezu između korisnosti i popularnosti,
13:04
but you can also, if you grade the evidence,
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ali možete također, ako skalirate dokaze,
13:07
do a "worth it" line.
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napraviti neku vrstu "vrijedno je toga" crte.
13:09
So supplements above this line are worth investigating,
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Dodatci iznad te crte su vrijedni istraživanja,
13:12
but only for the conditions listed below,
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ali samo za uvjete navedene ispod.
13:15
and then the supplements below the line
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A dodatci ispod crte
13:18
are perhaps not worth investigating.
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vjerojatno nisu vrijedni istraživanja.
13:20
Now this image constitutes a huge amount of work.
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Ova slika sadrži ogromnu količinu posla.
13:23
We scraped like 1,000 studies from PubMed,
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Istražili smo 1,000 studija s PubMed-a,
13:26
the biomedical database,
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biomedicinske baze podataka,
13:28
and we compiled them and graded them all.
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sakupili smo ih sve i poredali.
13:31
And it was incredibly frustrating for me
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Bilo je nevjerojatno frustrirajuće za mene
13:33
because I had a book of 250 visualizations to do for my book,
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jer sam imao knjigu sa 250 vizualizacija koju sam trebao napraviti za svoju knjigu,
13:36
and I spent a month doing this,
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i potrošio sam mjesec dana radeći to,
13:38
and I only filled two pages.
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da bih ispunio samo dvije stranice.
13:40
But what it points to
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Ali ono na što to ukazuje
13:42
is that visualizing information like this
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jest da vizualiziranje informacija poput ovih
13:44
is a form of knowledge compression.
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je određena vrsta sažimanja znanja.
13:46
It's a way of squeezing an enormous amount
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To je način da se ogromna količina
13:48
of information and understanding
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informacija i razumjevanja
13:50
into a small space.
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stisne u mali prostor.
13:52
And once you've curated that data, and once you've cleaned that data,
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Jednom kad ste sakupili sve te podatke, i jednom kad ste pročistili sve te podatke,
13:54
and once it's there,
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i jednom kad su tu,
13:56
you can do cool stuff like this.
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možete raditi jako "cool" stvari poput ove.
13:58
So I converted this into an interactive app,
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Pretvorio sam ovo u interaktivnu aplikaciju,
14:00
so I can now generate this application online --
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mogu otvoriti ovu aplikaciju online --
14:02
this is the visualization online --
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ovo je vizualizacija online --
14:04
and I can say, "Yeah, brilliant."
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i mogu reći, "Da, brilijantno."
14:06
So it spawns itself.
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Sama se otvara.
14:08
And then I can say, "Well, just show me the stuff
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Onda mogu reći, "Pa, pokaži mi stvari
14:10
that affects heart health."
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koje utječu na zdravlje srca."
14:12
So let's filter that out.
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Hajdemo to filtrirati.
14:14
So heart is filtered out, so I can see if I'm curious about that.
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Srce je flitrirano, ako sam znatiželjan oko toga.
14:17
I think, "No, no. I don't want to take any synthetics,
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Mislim, "Ne, ne. Ne želim uzimati ništa sintetičko.
14:19
I just want to see plants and --
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Želim vidjeti samo biljke i --
14:22
just show me herbs and plants. I've got all the natural ingredients."
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samo mi pokaži trave i biljke. Imam sve prirodne sastojke."
14:25
Now this app is spawning itself
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Ova aplikacija sama stvara sebe
14:27
from the data.
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iz podataka.
14:29
The data is all stored in a Google Doc,
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Svi su podaci spremljeni u Google dokumentu,
14:31
and it's literally generating itself from that data.
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i ona doslovno stvara samu sebe iz tih podataka.
14:34
So the data is now alive; this is a living image,
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Podaci su živi; ovo je živa slika,
14:36
and I can update it in a second.
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i mogu je ažurirati u sekundi.
14:38
New evidence comes out. I just change a row on a spreadsheet.
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Novi dokazi izlaze na površinu -- samo promijenim jedan redak u tablici.
14:40
Doosh! Again, the image recreates itself.
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Doosh! Opet, slika se sama iznova stvara.
14:44
So it's cool.
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To je super.
14:46
It's kind of living.
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Na neki način živi.
14:49
But it can go beyond data,
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Ali na neki način može ići iznad podataka,
14:51
and it can go beyond numbers.
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može ići iznad brojki.
14:53
I like to apply information visualization
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Volim primjenjivati vizualizaciju informacija
14:55
to ideas and concepts.
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na ideje i koncepte.
14:58
This is a visualization
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Ovo je vizualizacija
15:00
of the political spectrum,
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političkog spektra,
15:02
an attempt for me to try
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u mojem pokušaju da probam
15:04
and understand how it works
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shvatiti kako funkcionira
15:06
and how the ideas percolate down
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i kako ideje prelaze
15:08
from government into society and culture,
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sa vlade u društvo i kulturu,
15:10
into families, into individuals, into their beliefs
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u obitelji, u individualce, u njihova vjerovanja
15:13
and back around again in a cycle.
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i opet natrag u krug.
15:16
What I love about this image
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Ono što volim kod ove slike
15:18
is it's made up of concepts,
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jest to što je napravljena od koncepata,
15:20
it explores our worldviews
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istražuje naše poglede na svijet
15:22
and it helps us -- it helps me anyway --
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i pomaže nam -- pomaže meni --
15:24
to see what others think,
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da vidimo što drugi misle,
15:26
to see where they're coming from.
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da vidimo odakle dolaze.
15:28
And it feels just incredibly cool to do that.
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I super je osjećaj samo to činiti.
15:31
What was most exciting for me
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Ono što je bilo najuzbudljivije za mene
15:34
designing this
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dizajnirajući ovo,
15:36
was that, when I was designing this image,
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je to da, kad sam dizajnirao ovu sliku,
15:38
I desperately wanted this side, the left side,
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očajnički sam htio da ova strana, lijeva strana,
15:41
to be better than the right side --
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bude bolje od desne strane --
15:43
being a journalist, a Left-leaning person --
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s obzirom da sam novinar, lijevičar --
15:46
but I couldn't, because I would have created
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ali nisam mogao jer bih tad stvorio
15:48
a lopsided, biased diagram.
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graf koji je pristran i naginje na jednu stranu.
15:51
So, in order to really create a full image,
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Da bih stvarno stvorio cjelovitu sliku,
15:54
I had to honor the perspectives on the right-hand side
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Morao sam uvažiti poglede na desnoj strani
15:57
and at the same time, uncomfortably recognize
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i u isto vrijeme, na neki način neugodno prepoznati
16:00
how many of those qualities were actually in me,
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koliko je tih osobina zapravo u meni
16:03
which was very, very annoying and uncomfortable.
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što je bilo veoma, veoma uznemirujuće i neugodno.
16:05
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
16:09
But not too uncomfortable,
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Ali ne preneugodno,
16:11
because there's something unthreatening
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jer nešto je neprijeteće
16:14
about seeing a political perspective,
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u sagledavanju političkog pogleda,
16:16
versus being told or forced to listen to one.
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u odnosu na to da vam je rečeno ili da ste prisiljeni slušati jedan.
16:19
You're capable of holding conflicting viewpoints
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To je zapravo -- sposobni ste posjedovati suprotstavljajuća stajališta
16:22
joyously when you can see them.
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radosno, kad ih možete vidjeti.
16:24
It's even fun to engage with them
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Čak je zabavno i angažirati se oko njih
16:26
because it's visual.
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jer su vizualna.
16:28
So that's what's exciting to me,
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To je ono što je uzbudljivo za mene,
16:30
seeing how data can change my perspective
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vidjeti kako podaci mijenjaju moju perspektivu
16:32
and change my mind midstream --
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i mijenjaju moj tok misli --
16:34
beautiful, lovely data.
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predivni, krasni podaci.
16:38
So, just to wrap up,
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Da zaključim,
16:40
I wanted to say
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želio sam reći
16:42
that it feels to me that design is about solving problems
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da mislim da se u dizajnu radi o rješavanju problema
16:44
and providing elegant solutions,
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i omogućavanju elegantnih rješenja.
16:47
and information design is about
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Dizajn informacija
16:49
solving information problems.
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rješava probleme informacija.
16:51
It feels like we have a lot of information problems
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Mislim da imamo puno problema s informacijama
16:53
in our society at the moment,
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trenutno u našem društvu,
16:55
from the overload and the saturation
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od preopterećenja i zasićenja
16:57
to the breakdown of trust and reliability
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do sloma povjerenja i kredibiliteta,
16:59
and runaway skepticism and lack of transparency,
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odbjeglog skepticizma i nedostatka transparentnosti,
17:01
or even just interestingness.
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ili čak samo nezanimljivosti.
17:03
I mean, I find information just too interesting.
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Mislim da su informacije jednostavno prezanimljive.
17:05
It has a magnetic quality that draws me in.
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Imaju osobine koje me magnetski privlače.
17:09
So, visualizing information
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Vizualiziranje informacija
17:11
can give us a very quick solution to those kinds of problems.
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nam može dati jako brzo rješenje tih problema.
17:14
Even when the information is terrible,
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Čak i kad su informacije grozne,
17:16
the visual can be quite beautiful.
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vizualni dio može biti poprilično lijep.
17:19
Often we can get clarity
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Često možemo dobiti jasnoću
17:22
or the answer to a simple question very quickly,
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ili odgovor na jednostavno pitanje veoma brzo,
17:24
like this one,
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poput ovoga,
17:26
the recent Icelandic volcano.
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nedavnog vulkana na Islandu.
17:29
Which was emitting the most CO2?
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Tko emitira najviše CO2?
17:31
Was it the planes or the volcano,
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Jesu li to zrakoplovi ili vulkan,
17:33
the grounded planes or the volcano?
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prizemljeni zrakoplovi ili vulkan?
17:35
So we can have a look.
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Možemo pogledati.
17:37
We look at the data and we see:
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Pogledamo podatke i vidimo,
17:39
Yep, the volcano emitted 150,000 tons;
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da, vulkan je izbacio 150,000 tona;
17:41
the grounded planes would have emitted
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prizemljeni avioni bi emitirali
17:43
345,000 if they were in the sky.
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345,000 da su bili u zraku.
17:46
So essentially, we had our first carbon-neutral volcano.
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U biti, imali smo naš prvi ugljično-neutralni vulkan.
17:49
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
17:51
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
18:00
And that is beautiful. Thank you.
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I to je predivno. Hvala.
18:03
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David McCandless - Data journalistDavid McCandless draws beautiful conclusions from complex datasets -- thus revealing unexpected insights into our world.
Why you should listen
David McCandless makes infographics -- simple, elegant ways to see information that might be too complex or too big, small, abstract or scattered to otherwise be grasped. In his new book, Information Is Beautiful (in the US, it's being called The Visual Miscellaneum), McCandless and his cadre of info designers take a spin through the world of visualized data, from hard stats on politics and climate to daffy but no less important trends in pop music.
McCandless' genius is not so much in finding jazzy new ways to show data -- the actual graphics aren't the real innovation here -- as in finding fresh ways to combine datasets to let them ping and prod each other. Reporting the number of drug deaths in the UK every year is interesting; but mapping that data onto the number of drug deaths reported by the UK press, broken down by drug, is utterly fascinating (more deaths by marijuana were reported than in fact occurred, by a factor of 484%). McCandless contributes a monthly big-think graphic to the Guardian's Data Blog, and makes viral graphics for his blog Information Is Beautiful.
David McCandless | Speaker | TED.com