Lauren Pharr: How vultures can help solve crimes
ローレン・ファー: コンドルがいかに犯罪捜査に役立つのか
Lauren Pharr promotes the role of vultures in forensic science. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
残酷シーンがあります ]
to be a doctor.
ドクター(医者)にすること
how vultures eat dead things
my parents had in mind.
夢にも思わなかったでしょう
and how vultures affect crime scenes.
犯罪現場への影響を研究しています
about how we take vultures for granted
コンドルがいかに軽視されているかについてです
I want to tell you a story.
all 1,000 of us.
in Nashville, Tennessee,
2014年5月 テネシー州
見かけます
floppy derby hats.
素敵なつば広のダービーハット
to start talking
素晴らしい陶磁器について
and see vultures circling round and round.
コンドルが何度も旋回しています
connection to death,
気付いているなら
about these birds at crime scenes?
もっとコンドルを話題にしないのかと
are connected to death.
死と結び付けても
全然分かっていません
I received from a detective in Louisiana:
刑事からのメールです
do we have in Louisiana?"
コンドルの種類を教えてください」
question I get all the time.
コンドルについてお話しします
生息していません
in the sky within the US are vultures.
大きな黒い羽根の鳥はコンドルです
that live in Louisiana
of vultures in forensic science,
熟知してもらうため
certain things become apparent.
the individual is dead.
to try to find the body.
that vultures circling in the sky
死体の場所に導いてくれると
seen a vulture up close
長時間 接したことがあるかは
to flap their wings and fly,
which are vortexes or little tornadoes
太陽熱で地面の温度が上がる日中
as the sun heats up the ground.
a circling vulture,
from point A to B,
B地点に移動しており
ありません
to try to find a body,
死体を発見したいなら
or on a fence post.
とまったコンドルを探します
狩りが出来ないので
the only animals in the world
that you see here is super cool,
とてもカッコよく
that can actually smell.
数少ない鳥類の1種です
by sensing a chemical
化学物質を感知して
produced following death.
地上からなくすことです
and quickly scavenges.
素早く死肉を食らいます
and leave you with a skeleton.
of vultures is not in the air,
地面にいるコンドルが
身の毛がよだちます
giving you another call.
vultures are key forensic players,
コンドルは科学捜査に不可欠です
are so good at what they do.
and if they scavenge humans,
人間の死体を食べるのなら
forensic textbooks and training manuals?
何故書いてないのでしょう?
to exclude animal scavengers
研究する場合
over the decaying subject matter.
would run away with their subject matter
研究対象を持ち去ってしまい
any data to report --
恐れたからです
in a lengthy skeletonization process,
動物の関与を除外してしまったのです
what detectives use during investigations.
現在刑事が捜査で使います
when people see a skeletonized body,
白骨死体を目にすると
for a really long time undiscovered."
思うものです
could have been there
if scavenged by vultures.
経っていないかもしれません
for vulture scavenging
考慮に入れないと
inaccurately estimating
間違うことになり
missing person's files.
探すことになります
scientists to focus on vulture evidence
コンドルの痕跡に向け
to consider vulture scavenging
コンドルに食べられていて
when skeletal remains are found.
考慮してもらうことです
of the kidnapping case.
話を戻しましょう
like areas with water.
回答しました
the first five days following death,
死骸のある場所に行き
an intact spinal column and feathers.
後に残します
in a shallow grave.
見つけました」と
40 yards from where the body was found.
約35mの地点にあったのです
to a bloody pine cone.
松かさの傍にありました
and they typically don't wander.
通常は歩き回りもしません
but they're not going to wander 40 yards.
35mも歩き回りません
when it will get its next meal.
エネルギーを無駄にしないのです
if vultures were at the scene.
殺人現場にいたのか判断しました
was consistent with the turkey vulture.
ヒメコンドルのものでした
would a vulture wander 40 yards?
歩いたのでしょうか?
to operate in a manner
by biology and physics.
the numerous bating experiments
思い出しました
where you can donate your body to science.
科学のために献体する場所です
my experiences with trapping
GPSを付けた経験を
of monitoring vultures
1年に渡りコンドルを
and had an "Aha!" moment.
私はハッとしました
lure a vulture 40 yards from a body.
おびき寄せる物は2つ―
to the detectives
the victim had been incapacitated
頭への鈍器損傷で動けなくなったと
was thought to have occurred
思われる場所は
and buried in a shallow grave.
浅く埋められたのです
was the lure for the vulture
おびき寄せたというのが推測です
studying vulture behavior
some of the evidence.
out of the grave.
突き出しています
you have to think about the whole picture.
大局を見通す必要があります
indicated that vultures were at the scene.
コンドルは現場にいたのです
scavenging behavior.
表れています
ヒメコンドルの特徴的な
of the turkey vulture.
has a cut-like tear near the wrist.
smells the decay, lands.
地面に舞い降ります
the soft tissues away from the bone.
tear and pull, tear and pull.
割いては剥ぎします
the scavenging efficiency of vultures.
死体を効率よくあさるのが分かります
support the time line
探求する際にも役立つので
together for the murder.
the vultures at the crime scene.
見ることはないでしょうが
these very subtle clues.
and fast at what they do.
白骨化させるのですから
the vulture evidence to the detective.
私の見解を伝えました
the vulture evidence in court.
法廷で示しました
was a death penalty case.
how studying vulture behavior
刷新するかを示しています
investigation possible.
捜査をするのは当然です
in forensic studies,
of what happened, when it happened
at a crime scene with a dead body --
to find the clues vultures have left.
手掛かりを見つけてください
brings up vultures on a date,
コンドルの話を持ち出したら
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lauren Pharr - Forensic anthropologistLauren Pharr promotes the role of vultures in forensic science.
Why you should listen
Every animal has its enthusiast. For the turkey vulture, it's Dr. Lauren Pharr. Originally from Tennessee, Pharr uses her PhD from LSU's Department of Geography and Anthropology to research and promote the role of vultures in forensic science.
Through cross-disciplinary research in forensic anthropology and geographic information systems, Pharr has shown that deeper study of vulture scavenging can lead to faster and more accurate work in identifying human remains. Pharr's work has led her across the country to help law enforcement professionals and researchers at the Texas State Forensic Anthropology Research Facility, the Smithsonian Ornithology Laboratory and the New York City Office of the Chief Medical Examiner. Whether it's helping local law enforcement solve missing-person cases or assisting in data collection and research at national labs, Pharr proves that this often misunderstood species offers more than a cliché about vultures circling.
Lauren Pharr | Speaker | TED.com