Rachel Wurzman: How isolation fuels opioid addiction
레이첼 워즈맨(Rachel Wurzman): 어떻게 고독이 아편 중독을 부추기는가
Through her nonprofit SeekHealing, Rachel Wurzman aims to reduce opioid overdose rates by building communities that are inherently resilient to addiction. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
from the time I was about seven,
제 자신에게 묻곤했어요.
with Tourette syndrome.
I perform against my will, called tics.
흔히 말하는 틱 증상이 특징이죠.
저도 모르게 나타나요.
without any conscious attention
일어난다는 점에서요.
about how I experience tics.
재밌는 구석이 있어요.
than involuntary,
또 의식적으로 느껴지니까요.
moving my shoulder,
제 의지라는 느낌이 들거든요.
called premonitory urge,
불편한 감각을 느끼기도 하죠.
when I'm trying to resist them.
understand what I'm saying,
이해 하셨을 거예요.
you probably think you can't relate.
이해할 수 없다고 생각하실 수도 있어요.
and see if I can give you
대략 맛만 보여드릴 거예요.
다른 걸 느끼시나요?
what my tics feels like.
neurologically speaking, are not the same,
신경학적으로 동일하진 않지만
don't have to have Tourette's
필요는 없다는 거예요.
of my premonitory urges,
이해하는데 있어서요.
similar experiences and feelings.
경험과 느낌을 줄 수 있기 때문이죠.
what it means to be normal versus sick
다시 돌아가 볼게요.
are both normal and sick.
아프든가 둘 중 하나예요.
we're all humans
for a spectrum of experiences.
경험의 범위를 제공하죠.
of human experiences
of different states.
of a spectrum of normal?
정반대에 위치했을 때요.
differences in how individuals' brains
어떻게 풀리고 얽히는 지
with other related diagnoses,
다른 합병증을 앓고있는 환자로서
by failures of self-regulation
매료되어 있었어요.
behavioral spectrums.
행동 범위에 대해서요.
experience of my own body
on the opioid crisis,
wondering lately:
of unvoluntary behavior
opioid painkillers or heroin?
마약을 남용하는 건 어디에 해당될까?
and epidemic is out of control.
통제불능한 상태가 됐죠.
in this country from overdose.
과다복용으로 사망합니다.
increased by a factor of six.
6배로 증가했고요.
that we treat addiction isn't working,
방법이 잘못 됐단 뜻이겠죠.
suffering from addiction
around drugs, alcohol, food
stimulating behaviors.
자극 하는 행동에 관해서요.
disease state
of disease when it comes to addiction --
접근하게 된다면
for how we treat people with addictions.
everything we do as entirely voluntary.
모든 행동들이 전부 자발적이라 생각하죠.
that the brain's default state
가만히 있을 때 우리의 뇌는
idling in drive than a car in park.
공회전하고 있는 차에 가까워요.
have become programmed to do
브레이크 페달에서 발을 떼면
was running on autopilot?
돌아가고 있다는 농담 해보신 적 있으세요?
is in a structure called the striatum.
"선조체"라는 부위 안에 있어요.
emotional and sensory motor conditions
감각적 운동의 조건을 감지해내고
whatever behavior you have done most often
what made me tick.
in front of an audience for years.
해보고 싶었거든요.
I studied genetic factors
유전적요인에 대해서 공부했어요.
to the striatum during development.
선조체가 배선되는 과정에 관해서요
한가지 말씀드리자면요.
with their thesis topic printed on it,
차번호판에 새기지 마세요.
for their experiments not to work
준비가 되어있지 않았다면 말이죠.
how miswiring in the striatum
있는 지에 대한 거였어요.
you can't consciously resist.
불편한 재촉에 의해서요.
when my mice developed
시작했을 때 아주 기뻤죠.
and they couldn't seem to stop,
evidence of striatal miswiring.
선조체가 잘못 엉켰단 증거인데
an aversion to interacting
상호작용에 혐오감을 표했어요.
알게되는 과정도 말이죠.
in compulsive-spectrum disorders,
연관이 있을 뿐만 아니라
social connection and our ability to --
but our ability to connect.
interdisciplinary field,
포함하고 있는 분야인데
that linked the striatum
neurochemistry in the striatum
you've probably already heard of.
관련이 있을 거예요.
cuddling feel all warm and fuzzy.
느끼게 해주는 호르몬이죠.
signaling at opioid receptors.
신호하는 원인이기도 해요.
opioids in your brain
자연적으로 생기는 아편인데
to social processes.
깊게 관여 되어 있죠.
which blocks opioid receptors,
"날록손"으로 실험한 결과,
this opioid-receptor signaling is
아주 중요하다는 것이 증명됐습니다.
it's an ingredient in Narcan,
날록손을 투여하게 되면
to save lives.
목숨을 살릴 수 있습니다.
건강한 사람들에게 투여했을 땐
with their ability to feel connected
이어져 있다는 느낌을 헤쳤어요.
and cared about.
사람들로부터 말이죠.
opioid-receptor binding
the rewards of social interaction.
보상을 느끼기 어렵게 하는 거예요.
of some of the scientific details,
through opioid receptors,
neurotransmission
and compulsive behaviors
충동적인 행동들에 영향을 미치는데,
and opioid signaling in it
내부에서 신호를 주는 아편성분은
at opioid receptors,
충분한 신호를 받고 있지 않다면
we care about and love, who love us.
둘러 쌓여있더라도 외로울 수 있어요.
at the University of Chicago,
시회신경과학자들은
is very dangerous.
위험하다는 걸 발견했습니다.
of physical and mental illnesses.
when you're at your hungriest,
tastes amazing, right?
creates a hunger in the brain
외로움은 뇌를 굶주리게 만들고
our reward system.
과민반응하게 만들어 버립니다.
acts through receptors
수용체를 통해서 나타나는데,
and other social neurotransmitters
사회생활에 필요한 신경전달물질이
that signal reward and pleasure
irritable and impulsive.
짜증나고, 또 충동적으로 변해요.
to keep the bowl of Halloween chocolate
할로윈 때 사놓은 초콜렛 좀 숨겨주세요.
because I will eat it all.
제가 다 먹어버릴 거거든요.
that makes social disconnection
사회적 단절을 야기합니다.
to connect socially,
neurochemistry to be rebalanced,
재균형을 갈구하게 됩니다.
안도감을 찾게 되죠.
is opioid painkillers or heroin,
헤로인에 손을 대게되면
for our social reward system.
적외선 유도 미사일과도 같아져요.
are becoming addicted so easily?
쉽게 중독되는 지 아시겠죠?
who tend to avoid relapse
겪지 않는 사람들은
reciprocal social relationships
인맥을 가지고 있다고 해요.
of service to each other,
to authentically connect,
이어질 능력을 잃게되면
this ability to authentically connect
are transcendent and beyond ourselves.
하게 될 겁니다.
to our families and our communities.
소속되는 데서 느끼곤 했죠.
모두 바뀌고 있습니다.
is making this harder and harder.
이를 점점 악화시키고 있어요.
지적 하는 게 아닙니다.
most economically hard hit,
about their life's meaning,
황폐하다고 느끼는 점 말이죠.
most ravaged by opioids.
시달렸던 공동체가 많은 곳들 말예요.
through the brain's reward system
보상체계에 영향을 줘요.
literally painful.
아주 고통스럽게 만들어 버려요.
this loneliness,
to connect with whatever we can.
가까워 지려고 해요.
to drugs like heroin and fentanyl.
펜타닐 같은 약에 손을 대기도 합니다.
who was revived by Narcan,
나르칸으로 목숨을 건진 사람을 아는데
that she wasn't simply allowed to die.
사실에 분개 하더군요.
that state of hopelessness, OK?
절망에 빠진 상태 말예요.
of how to bring people back.
가까워지게 할 수 있기 때문이에요.
is our autopilot,
라는 걸 기억하세요.
to reprogram that autopilot,
다시 설정하는 것도 가능해요.
is the ability of brains
뇌가 가지고 있는 능력이에요.
so we can learn new things.
새로운 걸 배울 수 있도록 말이죠.
adage of plasticity:
유명한 속담 들어보셨을 거예요.
끼리끼리 연결된다."
connective behaviors
더 가까워 질 수 있는 행동을 익혀야해요.
when we're lonely,
마치 외로울 때
repeated experiences
작동하는 경험이 필요합니다.
that necessary neuroplasticity
띄기 위해서 말이죠.
that "go find heroin" autopilot offline.
자동조동장치를 끄는 것과 같아요.
of social neuroscience, addiction
in the striatum suggests
responses to compulsive urges.
to replace drug-cued compulsive behaviors,
사회적인 충동으로 대체해야 합니다.
neurochemically, our social reward system.
보상체계의 균형을 맞춰야 하거든요.
in a state of craving.
상태에 놓이게 됩니다.
we repeatedly practice doing.
to the opioid crisis
and psychospiritual interventions
한 부분이 되어야 한다고 봐요.
and drug-induced rewards.
보상에 있어서요.
and study scalable tools
측정 가능한 연구의 도구를 만드는 거예요.
psychospiritual practices.
통한 치료인 셈이죠.
could involve anything
as megafans of touring jam bands,
사람들끼리 뭉치거나,
shared experiences of vulnerability
성장을 공유할 수 있는
like recovery yoga meetups,
재활 요가가 있겠죠.
around more traditional conceptions
개념의 모임을 가질 수도 있어요.
systems in the striatum
모든 신경전달물질들 중
in processing social connection.
부분 말이죠.
deep enough for this.
깊어질 수가 없어요.
encourage us to share,
superficial small talk with someone
conversation with eye contact.
깊은 대화를 나누는 것의 차이죠.
that it keeps us sick.
증거가 많이 있습니다.
for addicts to connect with other addicts.
중독자들 끼리 뭉치기 쉽게 만들어요.
reestablishing social connections
목적으로 한 재활 모임은
of people who are seeking recovery
포함하고 있을 것이고
사람들도 있을 거에요.
around what's broken,
채우려고 서로와 가까워지면
이어지게 된다는 겁니다.
from the compulsive self-destruction
자가 치유를 합니다.
to the pain of disconnection.
illnesses as a spectrum of phenomenon
우릴 인간으로 만들어주는
who struggle with self-destruction.
더 이상 차별하지 않게됩니다.
and caregivers.
돌봐주는 사람들 사이에서요.
to be normal versus sick
의문을 품었잖아요.
of the human condition.
where we can all connect
우리는 서로 이어지고
for all of our struggles with humanness.
같이 치유 받을 수 있어요.
기회를 주셔서 감사합니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rachel Wurzman - NeuroscientistThrough her nonprofit SeekHealing, Rachel Wurzman aims to reduce opioid overdose rates by building communities that are inherently resilient to addiction.
Why you should listen
A neuroscientist and neuroethicist by training, Rachel Wurzman is passionate about two-way communication between the neuroscientific community and lay public that inspires transformative change in how human beings connect with each other, with technology and with institutions like medicine and government. She has authored more than 20 peer-reviewed articles and book chapters in the fields of neuroscience, neuroethics and policy, including Wiley's number one most frequently downloaded article out of over 20 neurology journals in 2016.
Wurzman serves as director of science for the nonprofit, SeekHealing, which implements creative ways to connect people intentionally and authentically in order to build communities that are inherently resilient to addiction. SeekHealing serves people at risk for overdose and provides free, connection-oriented support services to anyone at any stage in the addiction healing process.
Wurzman believes that an appreciation for how brain systems filter the various spectrums of human experience can be used to transform how society responds to current crises, ranging from the opioid epidemic to political hyperpolarization. In addition to studying the effects of SeekHealing's programs in opioid-ravaged lives and communities, Wurzman's ongoing research in neuroethics also addresses the implications of a biopsychosocial and "systems-oriented" perspective on neuropsychiatric spectrum phenomena (such as addiction) for research, treatment and social policy. Her advice and insights into neurocognition have been utilized to inform policy in past positions as a neuroscience and neuroethics advisor to the Pentagon, an intern in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy under the Obama administration, and through her involvement with the International Neuroethics Society. Wurzman completed her doctoral and postdoctoral training at Georgetown University and the University of Pennsylvania, respectively.
Rachel Wurzman | Speaker | TED.com