TED2001
Eva Zeisel: The playful search for beauty
Eva Zeisel ir žaismingos grožio paieškos
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Keramikos dizainerė Eva Zeisel prisimena 75-erius karjeros metus. Kas padeda jos darbams šiandien (paskutinė kolekcija debiutavo 2008 m.) atrodyti taip pat gaiviai, kaip ir 1926 m.? Jos žaismingumo ir grožio jausmas, bei nuotykių geismas. Pasiklausykite istorijų iš turtingo bei spalvingo gyvenimo.
Eva Zeisel - Designer
The legendary Eva Zeisel worked as a ceramics designer -- whose curvy, sensual pieces bring delight and elegance to tabletops around the world. Full bio
The legendary Eva Zeisel worked as a ceramics designer -- whose curvy, sensual pieces bring delight and elegance to tabletops around the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So I understand that this meeting was planned,
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Kaip suprantu, šis susitikimas suplanuotas
00:16
and the slogan was From Was to Still.
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su šūkiu "Nuo Kažkada iki Vis Dar".
00:20
And I am illustrating Still.
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Ir aš -- Vis Dar iliustracija.
00:25
Which, of course, I am not agreeing with because,
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Žinoma, aš su tuo nesutinku, nes
00:29
although I am 94, I am not still working.
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nors man ir 94-eri, aš ne vis dar dirbu.
00:33
And anybody who asks me, "Are you still doing this or that?"
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Ir kai manęs klausia, "Ar vis dar darai tą ar aną",
00:39
I don't answer because I'm not doing things still, I'm doing it like I always did.
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neatsakau, nes aš ne vis dar darau, o darau, kaip ir dariau visada.
00:46
I still have -- or did I use the word still? I didn't mean that.
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Vis dar turiu -- oi, pasakiau "vis dar"?. Nenorėjau to.
00:52
(Laughter)
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(Juokas)
00:56
I have my file which is called To Do. I have my plans.
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Turiu sąrašą dalykų, kuriuos reikia padaryti, planus.
01:06
I have my clients. I am doing my work like I always did.
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Turiu klientus. Dirbu kaip visada.
01:13
So this takes care of my age.
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Tai padeda mano amžiuje.
01:18
I want to show you my work so you know what I am doing and why I am here.
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Norėjau parodyti savo darbus, kad suprastumėte, ką aš veikiu ir kodėl aš čia.
01:25
This was about 1925.
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Čia apie 1925 m.
01:30
All of these things were made during the last 75 years.
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Visa tai pagaminta per paskutinius 75 m.
01:39
(Laughter)
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(Juokas)
01:41
(Applause)
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(Plojimai)
01:47
But, of course, I'm working since 25,
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Aišku, aš dirbu nuo 25-erių,
01:50
doing more or less what you see here. This is Castleton China.
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darydama tai, ką čia matote. Čia Castleton porcelianas.
01:55
This was an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art.
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Čia paroda Niujorko Šiuolaikinio meno muziejuje.
02:01
This is now for sale at the Metropolitan Museum.
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Dabar šituo prekiauja Metropolitan muziejus.
02:05
This is still at the Metropolitan Museum now for sale.
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Šitai irgi dabar parduodama Metropolitan muziejuje.
02:11
This is a portrait of my daughter and myself.
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Čia mano dukters ir mano portretas.
02:16
(Applause)
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(Plojimai)
02:26
These were just some of the things I've made.
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Čia dalis to, ką aš sukūriau.
02:30
I made hundreds of them for the last 75 years.
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Per pastaruosius 75 m. tokių prigaminau šimtus.
02:35
I call myself a maker of things.
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Save vadinu daiktų gamintoja.
02:39
I don't call myself an industrial designer because I'm other things.
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Nesivadinu pramonine dizainere, nes esu kitokia.
02:47
Industrial designers want to make novel things.
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Pramoniniai dizaineriai nori gaminti naujoves.
02:52
Novelty is a concept of commerce, not an aesthetic concept.
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Naujovė yra komercijos, o ne estetikos sąvoka.
03:01
The industrial design magazine, I believe, is called "Innovation."
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Pramoninio dizaino žurnalas, rodos, vadinasi "Inovacija".
03:09
Innovation is not part of the aim of my work.
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Inovacija nėra mano darbo tikslas.
03:19
Well, makers of things: they make things more beautiful, more elegant,
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Daiktų gamintojai daro daiktus gražesnius, dailesnius,
03:27
more comfortable than just the craftsmen do.
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patogesnius, nei juos daro amatininkai.
03:32
I have so much to say. I have to think what I am going to say.
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Turiu tiek daug pasakyti. Pagalvosiu, ką sakysiu.
03:37
Well, to describe our profession otherwise,
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Na, kitaip sakant, mūsų profesijoje
03:41
we are actually concerned with the playful search for beauty.
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mums rūpi žaismingos grožio paieškos.
03:48
That means the playful search for beauty was called the first activity of Man.
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Vadinasi, žaismingo grožio paieškos pavadintos pirmąja Žmogaus veikla.
03:57
Sarah Smith, who was a mathematics professor at MIT, wrote,
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Sara Smit, matematikos profesorė MIT, rašė:
04:03
"The playful search for beauty was Man's first activity --
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"Žaismingos grožio paieškos buvo pirmoji Žmogaus veikla --
04:10
that all useful qualities and all material qualities
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visi naudingi ir visi materialūs bruožai
04:16
were developed from the playful search for beauty."
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išsivystė iš žaismingų grožio paieškų."
04:22
These are tiles. The word, "playful" is a necessary aspect of our work
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Čia plytelės. Žaismingumo aspektas yra būtinas mūsų darbui,
04:29
because, actually, one of our problems is that we have to make,
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nes viena iš mūsų problemų yra, kad turime gaminti
04:38
produce, lovely things throughout all of life, and this for me is now 75 years.
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gražius dalykus visą gyvenimą, mano atveju jau 75 m.
04:51
So how can you, without drying up,
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Tai kaip neišsisemti,
04:54
make things with the same pleasure, as a gift to others, for so long?
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taip ilgai mėgautis daiktų gamyba ir dovanoti juos kitiems?
05:03
The playful is therefore an important part of our quality as designer.
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Todėl žaismingumas ir yra toks svarbus dizainerio kokybei.
05:16
Let me tell you some about my life.
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Papasakosiu apie savo gyvenimą.
05:21
As I said, I started to do these things 75 years ago.
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Kaip sakau, pradėjau prieš 75 m.
05:29
My first exhibition in the United States
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Pirmoji mano paroda JAV
05:34
was at the Sesquicentennial exhibition in 1926 --
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buvo 150-mečio parodoje 1926 m.,
05:39
that the Hungarian government sent one of my hand-drawn pieces as part of the exhibit.
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kai Vengrijos vyriausybė nusiuntė mano piešinį kaip dalį ekspozicijos.
05:57
My work actually took me through many countries,
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Dirbdama apkeliavau daug šalių,
06:05
and showed me a great part of the world.
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pamačiau didelę dalį pasaulio.
06:08
This is not that they took me -- the work didn't take me --
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Ne, tai ne darbas mane nuvedė,
06:12
I made the things particularly because I wanted to use them to see the world.
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o aš dariau daiktus tam, kad per juos pamatyčiau pasaulį.
06:20
I was incredibly curious to see the world, and I made all these things,
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Labai norėjau jį pamatyti, tad dariau šiuos daiktus,
06:28
which then finally did take me to see many countries and many cultures.
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ir dėl jų galiausiai pamačiau daug šalių ir kultūrų.
06:35
I started as an apprentice to a Hungarian craftsman,
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Pirma buvau vengro amatininko padėjėja,
06:46
and this taught me what the guild system was in Middle Ages.
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jis mane pamokė apie Viduramžių gildijų sistemą.
06:54
The guild system: that means when I was an apprentice,
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Gildijų sistema: kai buvau pameistrė,
06:59
I had to apprentice myself in order to become a pottery master.
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turėjau tobulintis, kad tapčiau keramikos meistre.
07:08
In my shop where I studied, or learned, there was a traditional hierarchy
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Mokiausi dirbtuvėje, kur buvo tradicinė hierarchija:
07:21
of master, journeyman and learned worker, and apprentice,
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meistras, kvalifikuotas ir patyręs darbuotojas, pameistrys,
07:28
and I worked as the apprentice.
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aš buvau pameistriu.
07:33
The work as an apprentice was very primitive.
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Tai buvo labai primityvus darbas.
07:40
That means I had to actually learn every aspect of making pottery by hand.
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Turėjau savo rankomis išbandyti visus keramikos amato aspektus.
07:49
We mashed the clay with our feet when it came from the hillside.
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Kojomis mindėme iš kalvų atneštą molį.
08:02
After that, it had to be kneaded. It had to then go in, kind of, a mangle.
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Tada reikėjo jį minkyti, po to dėti į tokį kalandrą.
08:07
And then finally it was prepared for the throwing.
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Tada pagaliau galima buvo žiesti.
08:15
And there I really worked as an apprentice.
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Ten tikrai buvau pameistrė.
08:19
My master took me to set ovens
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Meistras vedėsi mane statyti krosnių,
08:24
because this was part of oven-making, oven-setting, in the time.
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nes tais laikais tai buvo krosnių gamybos dalis.
08:32
And finally, I had received a document
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Pagaliau, gavau pažymą,
08:37
that I had accomplished my apprenticeship successfully,
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kad sėkmingai baigiau praktiką,
08:43
that I had behaved morally, and this document was given to me
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elgiausi moraliai, ir šią pažymą man suteikė
08:50
by the Guild of Roof-Coverers, Rail-Diggers, Oven-Setters,
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Stogų dengėjų, geležinkelio žemkasių, krosnių statytojų,
08:57
Chimney Sweeps and Potters.
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kaminkrėčių bei puodžių gildija.
09:01
(Laughter)
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(Juokas)
09:04
I also got at the time a workbook which explained my rights
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Taip pat gavau darbo knygelę, kur buvo mano teisės
09:10
and my working conditions, and I still have that workbook.
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ir darbo sąlygos, ir ją tebeturiu.
09:16
First I set up a shop in my own garden,
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Pirma įkūriau dirbtuvę nuosavam sode,
09:21
and made pottery which I sold on the marketplace in Budapest.
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žiedžiau puodus ir pardavinėjau turguje Budapešte.
09:27
And there I was sitting, and my then-boyfriend --
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Sėdėjau ten su tuometiniu draugu --
09:34
I didn't mean it was a boyfriend like it is meant today --
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na, ne ta prasme draugu, kaip šiandien sakoma --
09:38
but my boyfriend and I sat at the market and sold the pots.
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bet su draugu sėdėjome turguje ir pardavinėjom puodus.
09:43
My mother thought that this was not very proper,
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Mano mama tai laikė netinkamu elgesiu,
09:46
so she sat with us to add propriety to this activity.
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todėl sėdėjo kartu, kad būtų padoriau.
09:55
(Laughter)
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(Juokas)
09:58
However, after a while there was a new factory being built in Budapest,
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Tačiau po kurio laiko Budapešte pastatė naują gamyklą,
10:04
a pottery factory, a large one.
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didelę keramikos gamyklą.
10:07
And I visited it with several ladies, and asked all sorts of questions of the director.
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Apsilankiau ten su keliomis moterimis, daug ko klausinėjau direktoriaus.
10:14
Then the director asked me, why do you ask all these questions?
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Direktorius klausia, kodėl tiek klausinėjate?
10:18
I said, I also have a pottery.
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Sakau, ir aš turiu keramikos dirbtuvę.
10:22
So he asked me, could he please visit me, and then finally he did,
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Jis klausia, ar galiu apsilankyti? Pagaliau apsilankė
10:27
and explained to me that what I did now in my shop was an anachronism,
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ir paaiškino, kad tai, ką dariau, buvo anachronizmas,
10:33
that the industrial revolution had broken out,
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kad įvyko pramoninė revoliucija,
10:36
and that I rather should join the factory.
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ir kad man geriau įsidarbinti gamykloje.
10:39
There he made an art department for me where I worked for several months.
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Dėl manęs atidarė meno skyrių, dirbau ten kelis mėnesius.
10:45
However, everybody in the factory spent his time at the art department.
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Tačiau visi gamyklos darbuotojai leido laiką meno skyriuje.
10:53
The director there said there were several women casting
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Direktorius sakė, kad kelios moterys liejo
11:02
and producing my designs now in molds, and this was sold also to America.
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formose mano kūrinius, pardavinėjo juos ir Amerikoje.
11:10
I remember that it was quite successful.
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Prisimenu, buvo pakankamai populiarūs.
11:14
However, the director, the chemist, model maker -- everybody --
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Tačiau direktorius, chemikas, formų gamintojas -- visi --
11:21
concerned himself much more with the art department --
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labiau domėjosi meno skyriumi --
11:25
that means, with my work -- than making toilets,
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t.y., mano darbu -- nei klozetų gaminimu,
11:29
so finally they got a letter from the center, from the bank who owned the factory,
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ir pagaliau atėjo laiškas iš banko, kuriam priklausė gamykla,
11:37
saying, make toilet-setting behind the art department, and that was my end.
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kad meno skyrius atsakytų už klozetų liejimą. Man galas.
11:43
So this gave me the possibility because now I was a journeyman,
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Bet tai buvo galimybė, nes tapau kvalifikuota meistre,
11:47
and journeymen also take their satchel and go to see the world.
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o jie su savo krepšiais keliauja po pasaulį.
11:53
So as a journeyman, I put an ad into the paper that I had studied,
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Tad įdėjau skelbimą į laikraštį, kad mokiausi,
11:59
that I was a down-to-earth potter's journeyman
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buvau paprasta kvalifikuota keramikos darbininkė,
12:03
and I was looking for a job as a journeyman.
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ir ieškojau atitinkamo darbo.
12:06
And I got several answers, and I accepted the one
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Gavau kelis atsakymus, pasirinkau tą,
12:11
which was farthest from home and practically, I thought, halfway to America.
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kuris buvo toliausiai nuo namu, maniau, kad arčiau Amerikos.
12:17
And that was in Hamburg.
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Tai buvo Hamburgas.
12:20
Then I first took this job in Hamburg, at an art pottery
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Tada pradėjau dirbti Hamburge, meninės keramikos dirbtuvėje,
12:28
where everything was done on the wheel,
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kur viską darė žiestuvu,
12:31
and so I worked in a shop where there were several potters.
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ir dirbtuvėje buvo keli puodžiai.
12:38
And the first day, I was coming to take my place at the turntable --
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Pirmą dieną priėjau prie savo rato (jų buvo 3 ar 4)
12:48
there were three or four turntables -- and one of them, behind where I was sitting,
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ir prie vieno jų, už to, kur aš sėdėjau,
12:57
was a hunchback, a deaf-mute hunchback, who smelled very bad.
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buvo kuprius nebylys, kuris prastai kvepėjo.
13:04
So I doused him in cologne every day, which he thought was very nice,
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Tad aš jį kasdien kvėpinau, ir jam patiko,
13:11
and therefore he brought bread and butter every day,
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todėl jis kasdien atnešdavo duonos su sviestu,
13:16
which I had to eat out of courtesy.
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kurią iš mandagumo valgiau.
13:19
The first day I came to work in this shop
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Pirmą dieną, kai atėjau į dirbtuvę,
13:23
there was on my wheel a surprise for me.
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ant rato radau staigmeną.
13:30
My colleagues had thoughtfully put on the wheel where I was supposed to work
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Mieli kolegos ant rato, kur turėjau dirbti, padėjo
13:42
a very nicely modeled natural man's organs.
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puikiai išlipdytą vyro lytinį organą.
13:48
(Laughter)
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(Juokas)
13:54
After I brushed them off with a hand motion, they were very --
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Ranka jį nustūmiau, buvo labai...
13:59
I finally was now accepted, and worked there for some six months.
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Pagaliau mane priėmė, ir dirbau apie pusmetį.
14:06
This was my first job.
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Tai buvo mano pirmasis darbas.
14:11
If I go on like this, you will be here till midnight.
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Jei taip tęsiu, užtruksim iki išnaktų.
14:15
(Laughter)
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(Juokas)
14:17
(Applause)
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(Plojimai)
14:21
So I will try speed it up a little
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Tad pasiskubinsiu.
14:24
(Laughter)
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(Juokas)
14:26
Moderator: Eva, we have about five minutes.
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Vedėjas: Eva, turime apie 5 min.
14:28
(Laughter)
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(Juokas)
14:33
Eva Zeisel: Are you sure?
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Eva Zeisel: Tikrai?
14:36
Moderator: Yes, I am sure.
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Vedėjas: Taip, tikrai.
14:39
EZ: Well, if you are sure,
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EZ: Na, jei tikrai,
14:41
I have to tell you that within five minutes I will talk very fast.
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tai per 5 minutes kalbėsiu labai greitai.
14:46
And actually, my work took me to many countries
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Taigi dėl darbo apkeliavau daug šalių,
14:54
because I used my work to fill my curiosity.
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nes per darbą tenkinau smalsumą.
14:59
And among other things, other countries I worked, was in the Soviet Union,
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Tarp kitų šalių padirbėjau ir TSRS,
15:06
where I worked from '32 to '37 -- actually, to '36.
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nuo 1932 iki 1937, ne, 1936 m.
15:14
I was finally there, although I had nothing to do -- I was a foreign expert.
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Patekau ten pagaliau, bet kaip užsienio ekspertė neturėjau darbo.
15:20
I became art director of the china and glass industry,
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Tapau porceliano ir stiklo pramonės menine direktore,
15:23
and eventually under Stalin's purges -- at the beginning of Stalin's purges,
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o prasidėjus Stalino valymams nežinojau, kad
15:34
I didn't know that hundreds of thousands of innocent people were arrested.
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areštuojami šimtai tūkstančių nekaltų žmonių.
15:40
So I was arrested quite early in Stalin's purges,
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Gana anksti mane suėmė,
15:45
and spent 16 months in a Russian prison.
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ir 16 mėn. aš kalėjau Rusijoje.
15:53
The accusation was that I had successfully prepared an Attentat on Stalin's life.
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Buvau apkaltinta sėkmingu pasikėsinimu į Stalino gyvybę.
16:01
This was a very dangerous accusation.
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Tai labai pavojingas kaltinimas.
16:07
And if this is the end of my five minutes, I want to tell you that
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O jei mano penkios minutės baigiasi, pasakysiu,
16:14
I actually did survive, which was a surprise.
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kad išgyvenau, nors nesitikėjau.
16:21
But since I survived and I'm here,
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Bet jei jau išgyvenau ir esu čia,
16:24
and since this is the end of the five minutes, I will --
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ir jei baigiasi mano penkios minutės, noriu...
16:28
Moderator: Tell me when your last trip to Russia was.
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Vedėjas: Kada paskutinį kartą buvote Rusijoje?
16:30
Weren't you there recently?
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Neseniai, tiesa?
16:32
EZ: Oh, this summer, in fact,
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EZ: O, šią vasarą.
16:35
the Lomonosov factory was bought by an American company, invited me.
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Lomonosovo gamyklą nupirko JAV įmonė, pakvietė mane.
16:47
They found out that I had worked in '33 at this factory,
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Sužinojo, kad 1933 m. ten dirbau,
16:51
and they came to my studio in Rockland County,
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ir pasirodė mano studijoje Roklendo apygardoje,
16:58
and brought the 15 of their artists to visit me here.
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atsivedė 15 savo dailininkų pas mane.
17:04
And they invited myself to come to the Russian factory last summer,
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Ir pakvietė mane į gamyklą Rusijoje praėjusią vasarą,
17:10
in July, to make some dishes, design some dishes.
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kad sukurčiau kelis indus.
17:15
And since I don't like to travel alone, they also invited my daughter,
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Kadangi nemėgstu keliauti viena, jie pakvietė ir mano dukrą,
17:23
son-in-law and granddaughter,
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žentą ir anūkę,
17:25
so we had a lovely trip to see Russia today,
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tad mielai nukeliavome į šių dienų Rusiją,
17:30
which is not a very pleasant and happy view.
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nors tai ir nebuvo malonus ir džiaugsmingas reginys.
17:35
Here I am now, if this is the end? Thank you.
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Na štai, ar jau pabaiga? Ačiū.
17:40
(Applause)
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(Plojimai)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eva Zeisel - DesignerThe legendary Eva Zeisel worked as a ceramics designer -- whose curvy, sensual pieces bring delight and elegance to tabletops around the world.
Why you should listen
Young Eva Zeisel was driven by two desires: to make beautiful things, and to see the world. Her long and legendary career in ceramics helped her do both. Born in Budapest in 1906, she apprenticed to a guild of potters as a teenager, then worked in Germany and later Russia (where she was imprisoned by Stalin for 16 months) and Vienna. Landing in New York in 1938 with her husband Hans, Zeisel began her second design career.
In the American postwar period, Zeisel's work simply defined the era. Organic shapes, toned colors, a sense of fun and play -- her Town and Country line for Red Wing in particular evokes an urbane early-1950s kitchen where you'd be likely to get an excellent cup of coffee and some good conversation.
Zeisel took a break from design in the 1960s and 1970s, returning to the scene in the 1980s as interest in her older work revived. But as she collected lifetime achievement awards and saw centenary exhibitions open and close, she didn't simply rehash her older work for the repro crowd -- instead branching out into glassware and furniture. Zeisel died in late 2011 at the age of 105.
Eva Zeisel | Speaker | TED.com