TEDGlobal 2012
Kirby Ferguson: Embrace the remix
Kirbi Ferguson (Kirby Ferguson): Prihvatite remiks
Filmed:
Readability: 4.4
1,488,573 views
Ništa nije originalno, kaže Kirbi Ferguson, autor Sve je remiks. Od Boba Dilana do Stiva Džobsa, on kaže da su naši najviše slavljeni pronalazači pozajmljivali, krali i transformisali.
Kirby Ferguson - Filmmaker and Remixer
Kirby Ferguson explores creativity in a world where "everything is a remix." Full bio
Kirby Ferguson explores creativity in a world where "everything is a remix." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
We're going to begin in 1964.
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Počećemo 1964. godine
00:19
Bob Dylan is 23 years old, and his career
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Bob Dilan ima 23 godine i njegova karijera
00:22
is just reaching its pinnacle.
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upravo dostiže svoj vrhunac
00:25
He's been christened the voice of a generation,
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Proglašen je glasom generacije
00:27
and he's churning out classic songs
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i izbacuje klasike
00:29
at a seemingly impossible rate,
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naizgled nemogućim tempom,
00:31
but there's a small minority of dissenters, and they claim
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ali postoji mali broj onih koji ga ne vole i koji tvrde
00:36
that Bob Dylan is stealing other people's songs.
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da Bob Dilan krade tuđe pesme.
00:40
2004. Brian Burton, aka Danger Mouse,
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2004. Brajan Barton poznat kao Danger Mouse,
00:44
takes the Beatles' "White Album,"
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uzima "Beli album" Bitlsa
00:46
combines it with Jay-Z's "The Black Album"
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kombinuje ga sa "Crnim albumom," Džej Zija
00:47
to create "The Grey Album."
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kako bi napravio "Sivi album"
00:49
"The Grey Album" becomes an immediate sensation online,
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"Sivi album" odmah postaje senzacija na internetu
00:51
and the Beatles' record company sends out countless
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a izdavačka kuća Bitlsa šalje bezbroj
00:54
cease-and-desist letters for "unfair competition
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upozorenja zbog "nelojalne konkurencije
00:57
and dilution of our valuable property."
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i rasipanja našeg vrednog vlasništva".
01:01
Now, "The Grey Album" is a remix.
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E sad, "Sivi album" je remiks.
01:03
It is new media created from old media.
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To je novi medij stvoren na osnovu starog medija
01:05
It was made using these three techniques:
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Napravljen je korišćenjem tri tehnike:
01:08
copy, transform and combine.
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kopiranjem, transformacijom i kombinacijom.
01:11
It's how you remix. You take existing songs,
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Tako se pravi remiks. Uzmete postojeće pesme,
01:13
you chop them up, you transform the pieces,
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iseckate ih, transformišete delove,
01:15
you combine them back together again,
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iskombinujete tako da ponovo budu celina,
01:17
and you've got a new song, but that new song
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i dobijete novu pesmu, ali ta nova pesma
01:19
is clearly comprised of old songs.
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očigledno sadrži stare pesme.
01:22
But I think these aren't just the components of remixing.
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Ali smatram da ovo nisu samo komponente remiksa.
01:25
I think these are the basic elements of all creativity.
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Smatram da su to osnovni elementi kreativnosti.
01:28
I think everything is a remix,
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Mislim da je sve remiks,
01:30
and I think this is a better way to conceive of creativity.
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i mislim da je to bolji način posmatranja kreativnosti.
01:34
All right, let's head back to 1964, and let's hear
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Dobro, vratimo se u 1964. i poslušajmo
01:37
where some of Dylan's early songs came from.
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odakle su potekle neke od Dilanovih ranih pesama.
01:40
We'll do some side-by-side comparisons here.
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Napravićemo neka paralelna poređenja.
01:42
All right, this first song you're going to hear
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Dobro, prva pesma koju ćete čuti
01:43
is "Nottamun Town." It's a traditional folk tune.
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je "Nottamun Town". To je tradicionalna narodna melodija
01:46
After that, you'll hear Dylan's "Masters of War."
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Posle toga, čućete Dilanovu "Masters of War".
01:48
Jean Ritchie: ♫ In Nottamun Town, not a soul would look out, ♫
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Džin Riči: ♫ In Nottamun Town,
not a soul would look out, ♫
not a soul would look out, ♫
01:53
♫ not a soul would look up, not a soul would look down. ♫
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♫ not a soul would look up, not a soul would look down. ♫
02:00
Bob Dylan: ♫ Come you masters of war, ♫
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Bob Dilan: ♫ Come you masters of war, ♫
02:04
♫ you that build the big guns, you that build the death planes, ♫
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♫ you that build the big guns, you that build the death planes, ♫
02:13
♫ You that build all the bombs. ♫
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♫ You that build all the bombs. ♫
02:16
Kirby Ferguson: Okay, so that's the same basic melody
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Kirbi Ferguson: OK, dakle to je praktično ista melodija
02:18
and overall structure. This next one is "The Patriot Game,"
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i opšta struktura. Sledeća je "The Patriot Game,"
02:21
by Dominic Behan. Alongside that,
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Dominika Bihana. Pored toga,
02:23
you're going to hear "With God on Our Side," by Dylan.
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čućete i Dilanovu "With God on Our Side,"
02:25
Dominic Behan: ♫ Come all ye young rebels, ♫
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Dominik Behan: ♫ Come all ye young rebels, ♫
02:31
♫ and list while I sing, ♫
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♫ and list while I sing, ♫
02:35
♫ for the love of one's land is a terrible thing. ♫
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♫ for the love of one's land is a terrible thing. ♫
02:43
BD: ♫ Oh my name it is nothin', ♫
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BD: ♫ Oh my name it is nothin', ♫
02:49
♫ my age it means less, ♫
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♫ my age it means less, ♫
02:54
♫ the country I come from is called the Midwest. ♫
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♫ the country I come from is called the Midwest. ♫
03:00
KF: Okay, so in this case, Dylan admits
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KF: OK, u ovom slučaju Dilan priznaje
03:02
he must have heard "The Patriot Game," he forgot about it,
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da je verovatno čuo "The Patriot Game", da je zaboravio
03:04
then when the song kind of bubbled back up
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i da je, kada se pesma nekako zavukla u njegovu
03:06
in his brain, he just thought it was his song.
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podsvest, pomislio da je to njegova pesma.
03:08
Last one, this is "Who's Going To Buy You Ribbons,"
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Poslednja pesma, ovo je "Who's Going To Buy You Ribbons"
03:10
another traditional folk tune.
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još jedna tradicionalna folk melodija.
03:11
Alongside that is "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right."
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Pored toga ide i "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right."
03:13
This one's more about the lyric.
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Ovde su više u pitanju reči.
03:15
Paul Clayton: ♫ It ain't no use to sit and sigh now, ♫
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Pol Klejton: ♫ It ain't no use to sit and sigh now, ♫
03:22
♫ darlin', and it ain't no use to sit and cry now. ♫
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♫ darlin', and it ain't no use to sit and cry now. ♫
03:30
BD: ♫ It ain’t no use to sit and wonder why, babe, ♫
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BD: ♫ It ain’t no use to sit and wonder why, babe, ♫
03:36
♫ if you don't know by now, ♫
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♫ if you don't know by now, ♫
03:40
♫ and it ain't no use to sit and wonder why, babe, ♫
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♫ and it ain't no use to sit and wonder why, babe, ♫
03:45
♫ it'll never do somehow. ♫
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♫ it'll never do somehow. ♫
03:48
KF: Okay, now, there's a lot of these.
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KF: OK, ovoga ima mnogo.
03:50
It's been estimated that two thirds of the melodies
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Procenjuje se da su dve trećine melodija
03:52
Dylan used in his early songs were borrowed.
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koje je Dilan koristio u svojim ranim pesmama pozajmljene.
03:55
This is pretty typical among folk singers.
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Ovo je veoma tipično za pevače folk muzike.
03:57
Here's the advice of Dylan's idol, Woody Guthrie.
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Evo saveta Dilanovog idola, Vudija Gatrija
03:59
"The worlds are the important thing.
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"Reči su važna stvar.
04:00
Don't worry about tunes. Take a tune,
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Ne brinite za melodije. Uzmite melodiju,
04:02
sing high when they sing low,
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pevajte visoko kada oni pevaju nisko,
04:04
sing fast when they sing slow, and you've got a new tune."
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pevajte brzo kada oni pevaju sporo
i dobili ste novu melodiju."
i dobili ste novu melodiju."
04:07
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smeh) (Aplauz)
04:11
And that's, that's what Guthrie did right here,
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I to je, to je ono što je Gatri ovde uradio
04:13
and I'm sure you all recognize the results.
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i siguran sam da ćete svi prepoznati rezultate.
04:16
(Music)
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(Muzika)
04:22
We know this tune, right? We know it?
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Svi znamo ovu melodiju, zar ne? Znamo je?
04:24
Actually you don't.
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Zapravo vi je ne znate.
04:25
That is "When the World's on Fire," a very old melody,
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To je "When the World's on Fire", veoma stara melodija,
04:28
in this case performed by the Carter Family.
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u ovom slučaju u izvođenju Karter familije.
04:30
Guthrie adapted it into "This Land Is Your Land."
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Gatri je adaptirao u "This Land Is Your Land."
04:33
So, Bob Dylan, like all folk singers, he copied melodies,
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Dakle, Bob Dilan je, kao i svi folk pevači, kopirao melodije,
04:37
he transformed them, he combined them with new lyrics
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transformisao ih, kombinovao sa novim rečima
04:40
which were frequently their own concoction
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koje su često bile mešavina
04:43
of previous stuff.
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prethodnih stvari.
04:45
Now, American copyright and patent laws run counter
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Američki zakoni o autorskim pravima
i patentima zabranjuju
i patentima zabranjuju
04:48
to this notion that we build on the work of others.
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da nadograđujemo tuđa dela.
04:51
Instead, these laws and laws around the world
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Umesto toga, ovi zakoni i zakoni u čitavom svetu
04:54
use the rather awkward analogy of property.
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koriste prilično neobičnu analogiju vlasništva.
04:58
Now, creative works may indeed be kind of like property,
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Kreativni rad bi zapravo i mogao da bude vrsta vlasništva,
05:00
but it's property that we're all building on,
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ali to je vlasništvo koje svi nadograđujemo
05:02
and creations can only take root and grow
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i stvaralaštvo jedino i može da uhvati koren i da raste
05:05
once that ground has been prepared.
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kada je zemlja već pripremljena.
05:08
Henry Ford once said, "I invented nothing new.
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Henri Ford je jednom rekao: "Nisam izmislio ništa novo.
05:10
I simply assembled the discoveries of other men
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Jednostavno sam sjedinio pronalaske drugih ljudi
05:12
behind whom were centuries of work.
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iza kojih su stajali vekovi rada.
05:15
Progress happens when all the factors that make for it
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Napredak se dešava kada su svi faktori koji ga čine
05:17
are ready and then it is inevitable."
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spremni i onda je on neizbežan".
05:21
2007. The iPhone makes it debut.
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2007. godine Ajfon se pojavljuje.
05:26
Apple undoubtedly brings this innovation to us early,
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Bez sumnje, Epl nam donosi ovu inovaciju rano,
05:29
but its time was approaching because its core technology
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ali njegovo vreme se približilo jer
je njegova osnovna tehnologija
je njegova osnovna tehnologija
05:31
had been evolving for decades.
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evoluirala tokom decenija.
05:33
That's multi-touch, controlling a device
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To je multi-touch kontrolisanje uređaja
05:35
by touching its display.
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dodirivanjem njegovog displeja.
05:37
Here is Steve Jobs introducing multi-touch
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Ovo je Stiv Džobs koji uvodi multi-touch
05:39
and making a rather foreboding joke.
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i šali se proročanskom šalom.
05:42
Steve Jobs: And we have invented a new technology
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Stiv Džobs: Izmislili smo novu tehnologiju
05:44
called multi-touch.
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koja se zove multi-touch.
05:47
You can do multi-fingered gestures on it,
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Na njemu možete da izvedete pokrete sa više prstiju,
05:49
and boy have we patented it. (Laughter)
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i dobro smo to zaštitili patentom. (Smeh)
05:53
KF: Yes. And yet, here is multi-touch in action.
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KF: Da. Pa ipak, evo multi-toucha na delu.
05:57
This is at TED, actually, about a year earlier.
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Ovo se dešava na TED-u oko godinu dana ranije.
05:59
This is Jeff Han, and, I mean, that's multi-touch.
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Ovo je Džef Han, i mislim, to je multi-touch.
06:01
It's the same animal, at least.
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Barem je ista stvar.
06:03
Let's hear what Jeff Han has to say about this
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Saslušajmo šta Džef Han ima da kaže o ovoj
06:05
newfangled technology.
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novoj tehnologiji.
06:07
Jeff Han: Multi-touch sensing isn't anything --
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Džef Han: Multi-touch osetljivost nije
06:09
isn't completely new. I mean, people like Bill Buxton
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u potpunosti novo. Mislim, ljudi kao Bil Bakston
06:11
have been playing around with it in the '80s.
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su se njime igrali osamdesetih godina.
06:13
The technology, you know, isn't the most exciting thing here
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Znate, tehnologija nije najuzbudljivija stvar ovde
06:16
right now other than probably its newfound accessibility.
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osim verovatno njene novootkrivene dostupnosti.
06:19
KF: So he's pretty frank about it not being new.
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KF: On je prilično iskren u vezi sa tim da nije nova.
06:21
So it's not multi-touch as a whole that's patented.
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Dakle on nije patentirao multi-touch kao celinu.
06:23
It's the small parts of it that are,
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Već njegove male delove,
06:26
and it's in these small details where
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i upravo u tim sitnim detaljima
06:27
we can clearly see patent law contradicting its intent:
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možemo jasno da vidimo da je zakon o patentima kontradiktoran svom cilju:
06:30
to promote the progress of useful arts.
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da promoviše napredak korisnih veština.
06:33
Here is the first ever slide-to-unlock.
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Ovo je prvi primer slide-to-unlock.
06:36
That is all there is to it. Apple has patented this.
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To sve što ima o tome. Epl je to patentirao.
06:39
It's a 28-page software patent, but I will summarize
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To je patent softvera na 28 strana ali ja ću prepričati
06:42
what it covers. Spoiler alert: Unlocking your phone
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na šta se odnosi. Upozorenje: otključavanje vašeg telefona
06:46
by sliding an icon with your finger. (Laughter)
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pomeranjem ikone prstom. (Smeh)
06:49
I'm only exaggerating a little bit. It's a broad patent.
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Preterujem malo. To je širok patent.
06:52
Now, can someone own this idea?
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Da li neko može da poseduje ovu ideju?
06:55
Now, back in the '80s, there were no software patents,
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U '80. godinama nisu postojali softverski patenti,
06:57
and it was Xerox that pioneered the graphical user interface.
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i Xerox je bio taj koji je izmislio grafički korisnički interfejs.
07:00
What if they had patented pop-up menus,
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Šta bi bilo da su oni patentirali pop-up menije,
07:03
scrollbars, the desktop with icons that look like folders
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skrolbarove, desktop sa ikonama koje liče na foldere
07:08
and sheets of paper?
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i listove papira?
07:10
Would a young and inexperienced Apple
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Da li bi mladi i neiskusni Epl
07:12
have survived the legal assault from a much larger
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preživeo pravni napad od strane mnogo veće
07:15
and more mature company like Xerox?
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i mnogo iskusnije kompanije kao što je Xerox?
07:19
Now, this idea that everything is a remix might sound
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Ova ideja da je sve remiks mogla bi da zvuči
07:21
like common sense until you're the one getting remixed.
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zdravorazumski sve dok vi niste ti čije je delo remiksovano.
07:26
For example ...
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Na primer ...
07:27
SJ: I mean, Picasso had a saying.
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SDž: Pikaso je imao izreku.
07:28
He said, "Good artists copy. Great artists steal."
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On je rekao: "Dobri umetnici kopiraju. Sjajni umetnici kradu."
07:32
And we have, you know,
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I mi smo, znate,
07:34
always been shameless about stealing great ideas.
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uvek bili bestidni kada je u pitanju krađa velikih ideja.
07:37
KF: Okay, so that's in '96. Here's in 2010.
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KF: OK, to je bilo u 1996. Evo nas u 2010.
07:39
"I'm going to destroy Android because it's a stolen product."
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"Uništiću Android zato što je ukraden proizvod"
07:42
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:44
"I'm willing to go thermonuclear war on this." (Laughter)
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"Voljan sam da krenem u termonuklearni rat za ovo". (Smeh)
07:47
Okay, so in other words, great artists steal, but not from me.
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OK, drugim rečima, veliki umetnici kradu, ali ne od mene.
07:51
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:53
Now, behavioral economists might refer to this sort of thing as loss aversion
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Bihejvioralni ekonomisti mogu da govore o
ovim stvarima kao o averziji od gubitka.
ovim stvarima kao o averziji od gubitka.
07:57
We have a strong predisposition towards protecting
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Imamo jaku predispoziciju ka odbrani
07:59
what we feel is ours.
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onoga što smatamo našim.
08:01
We have no such aversion towards copying
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Tu vrstu averzije nemamo pri kopiranju
08:03
what other people have, because we do that nonstop.
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stvari koje drugi ljudi imaju, jer to neprestano činimo.
08:06
So here's the sort of equation we're looking at.
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Dakle, ovo je jednačina koju posmatramo.
08:08
We've got laws that fundamentally treat creative works as property,
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Imamo zakone koji se odnose prema
kreativnim radovima kao imovini,
kreativnim radovima kao imovini,
08:11
plus massive rewards or settlements
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plus ogromne nagrade ili nagodbe
08:14
in infringement cases, plus huge legal fees
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u slučajevima povrede prava, plus ogromni sudski troškovi
08:16
to protect yourself in court,
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da biste se odbranili na sudu,
08:17
plus cognitive biases against perceived loss.
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plus kognitivne predrasude u odnosu na mogući gubitak.
08:21
And the sum looks like this.
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Rezultat izgleda ovako.
08:23
That is the last four years of lawsuits
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To su poslednje četiri godine sudskih postupaka
08:26
in the realm of smartphones.
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u oblasti smart telefona.
08:28
Is this promoting the progress of useful arts?
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Da li to promoviše napredak korisnih veština?
08:34
1983. Bob Dylan is 42 years old, and his time
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1983. Bob Dilan ima 42 godine i vreme kada je
08:40
in the cultural spotlight is long since past.
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bio u centru pažnje kulturne scene davno je prošlo.
08:43
He records a song called "Blind Willie McTell,"
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On snima pesmu "Blind Willie McTell",
08:46
named after the blues singer, and the song
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koja je nazvana po pevaču bluza i pesma je
08:48
is a voyage through the past, through a much darker time,
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putovanje kroz prošlost, kroz mnogo mračnije vreme,
08:52
but a simpler one, a time when musicians like Willie McTell
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ali jednostavnije, vreme kada su muzičari kao Vili MekTel
08:55
had few illusions about what they did.
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imali malo iluzija o onome što su uradili.
08:57
"I jump 'em from other writers
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"Uzimam ih od drugih pisaca
09:00
but I arrange 'em my own way."
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ali ih aranžiram na svoj način."
09:02
I think this is mostly what we do.
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Mislim da je to on što mi uglavnom radimo.
09:04
Our creativity comes from without, not from within.
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Naša kreativnost dolazi spolja, a ne iznutra.
09:07
We are not self-made. We are dependent on one another,
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Mi se nismo sami načinili. Zavisni smo jedni od drugih
09:10
and admitting this to ourselves isn't an embrace
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i priznavanje toga nama samima nije prihvatanje
09:13
of mediocrity and derivativeness.
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mediokriteta i nastajanja iz postojećeg.
09:16
It's a liberation from our misconceptions,
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To je oslobađanje od naših pogrešnih stavova,
09:19
and it's an incentive to not expect so much from ourselves
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i podsticaj da ne očekujemo previše od nas samih
09:22
and to simply begin.
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već da jednostavno počnemo.
09:24
Thank you so much. It was an honor to be here.
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Hvala vam mnogo. Bila mi je čast da budem ovde.
09:27
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala. (Aplauz)
09:30
Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala. Hvala. (Aplauz)
09:34
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala. (Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kirby Ferguson - Filmmaker and RemixerKirby Ferguson explores creativity in a world where "everything is a remix."
Why you should listen
What's a remix? In Kirby Ferguson's view, any piece of art that contains a recognizable reference to another work--a quote from a lyric, a borrowed riff, a filmic homage. Which makes almost everything a remix, from a Led Zeppelin song to a classic film from George Lucas. His deeply researched and insanely fun four-part web series, "Everything Is a Remix," dives into the question: Is remixing a form of creativity, a production of the new on the shoulders of what precedes it, or is it just copying? He comes out firmly on the side of creativity, calling for protections for people who, with good intentions, weave together bits of existing culture into something fresh and relevant.
His next web series is called "This Is Not a Conspiracy Theory," an attempt to explore how US politics came to be the way they are.
Kirby Ferguson | Speaker | TED.com