TED2014
Bran Ferren: To create for the ages, let's combine art and engineering
Bren Feren (Bran Ferren): Kako bi stvarali za vekove, hajde da kombinujemo umetnost i inženjerstvo
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Kada je Bren Feren imao samo 9 godina, njegovi roditelji su ga odveli da vidi Panteon u Rimu - i to je promenilo sve. U tom trenutku počeo je da shvata kako alati nauke i inžinjerstvo postaju snažniji kada se kombinuju sa umetnošću, dizajnom i lepotom. Od tada, počeo je da traga za ubedljivim savremenim ekvivalentom rimskom remek-delu. Ostanite do kraja govora za ovaj neočekivani predlog.
Bran Ferren - Technology designer
Once known for entertaining millions by creating special effects for Hollywood, theme parks and Broadway, Applied Minds cofounder Bran Ferren now solves impossible tech challenges with previously unimaginable inventions. Full bio
Once known for entertaining millions by creating special effects for Hollywood, theme parks and Broadway, Applied Minds cofounder Bran Ferren now solves impossible tech challenges with previously unimaginable inventions. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Good morning.
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Dobro jutro.
00:15
When I was a little boy,
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Kada sam bio mali dečak,
00:17
I had an experience that changed my life,
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doživeo sam iskustvo
koje mi je promenilo život,
koje mi je promenilo život,
00:20
and is in fact why I'm here today.
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i to je zapravo razlog
zbog kojeg sam ovde.
zbog kojeg sam ovde.
00:23
That one moment
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Taj jedan momenat
00:25
profoundly affected how I think about
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duboko je uticao na moj
način razmišljanja
način razmišljanja
00:27
art, design and engineering.
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o umetnosti, dizajnu i inženjerstvu.
00:30
As background, I was fortunate enough to grow up
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Da objasnim, bio sam
te sreće da odrastam
te sreće da odrastam
00:33
in a family of loving and talented artists
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u porodici dragih i talentovanih umetnika
00:36
in one of the world's great cities.
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u jednom od najvećih svetskih gradova.
00:39
My dad, John Ferren, who died when I was 15,
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Moj otac, Džon Feren, koji je umro
kada sam imao 15 godina,
kada sam imao 15 godina,
00:43
was an artist by both passion and profession,
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bio je umetnik po strasti i profesiji,
00:46
as is my mom, Rae.
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kao i moja majka, Rej.
00:49
He was one of the New York School
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Bio je jedan od apstraktnih
ekspresionista
ekspresionista
00:51
abstract expressionists who,
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njujošrke škole koji je
00:52
together with his contemporaries,
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zajedno sa svojim savremenicima
00:55
invented American modern art,
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osmislio američku modernu umetnost
00:58
and contributed to moving the American zeitgeist
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i doprineo pomeranju
američkog duha vremena
američkog duha vremena
01:01
towards modernism in the 20th century.
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prema modernizmu u 20. veku.
01:05
Isn't it remarkable that, after thousands of years
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Zar nije fascinantno
da nakon hiljada godina
da nakon hiljada godina
01:08
of people doing mostly representational art,
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koliko su ljudi radili uglavnom
na reprezentativnoj umetnosti,
na reprezentativnoj umetnosti,
01:12
that modern art, comparatively speaking,
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moderna umetnost, poređenja radi,
01:14
is about 15 minutes old,
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je oko 15 minuta stara
01:16
yet now pervasive.
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i sad još više prodorna.
01:18
As with many other important innovations,
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Kao i kod mnogih važnih inovacija,
01:20
those radical ideas required no new technology,
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te radikalne ideje
nisu zahtevale novu tehnologiju,
nisu zahtevale novu tehnologiju,
01:24
just fresh thinking and a willingness to experiment,
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već samo sveže razmišljanje
i volju za eksperimentisanjem,
i volju za eksperimentisanjem,
01:27
plus resiliency in the face of near-universal criticism
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kao i otpornost
na skoro univerzalni kriticizam
na skoro univerzalni kriticizam
01:31
and rejection.
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i odbijanje.
01:32
In our home, art was everywhere.
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Umetnost je bila svuda
u našem domu.
u našem domu.
01:35
It was like oxygen,
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Bila je poput kiseonika,
01:36
around us and necessary for life.
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oko nas i neophodna za život.
01:40
As I watched him paint,
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Dok sam ga gledao kako slika,
01:41
Dad taught me that art
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otac me je naučio da umetnost
01:44
was not about being decorative,
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ne znači biti dekorativan,
01:46
but was a different way of communicating ideas,
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već različit način komuniciranja idejama,
01:49
and in fact one that could bridge the worlds
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i zapravo jedan od načina
kojim možemo premostiti svetove
kojim možemo premostiti svetove
01:51
of knowledge and insight.
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znanja i opažanja.
01:54
Given this rich artistic environment,
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U ovom bogatom umetničkom okruženju,
01:56
you'd assume that I would have been compelled
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pretpostavili biste
da sam bio prinuđen
da sam bio prinuđen
01:58
to go into the family business,
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da se bavim porodičnim poslom,
02:00
but no.
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ali ne.
02:03
I followed the path of most kids
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Pratio sam put većine dece
02:04
who are genetically programmed
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koja su genetički programirana
02:06
to make their parents crazy.
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da izluđuju svoje roditelje.
02:08
I had no interest in becoming an artist,
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Nije me zanimalo
da postanem umetnik,
da postanem umetnik,
02:10
certainly not a painter.
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pogotovo ne slikar.
02:12
What I did love was electronics and machines --
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Ja sam voleo elektroniku i mašine -
02:15
taking them apart, building new ones,
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njihovo rastavljanje, pravljenje novih,
02:17
and making them work.
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i osposobljavanje da funkcionišu.
02:19
Fortunately, my family also had engineers in it,
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Srećom, moja porodica
takođe je imala inženjere
takođe je imala inženjere
02:23
and with my parents,
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i pored roditelja,
02:24
these were my first role models.
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ovo su bili moji prvi uzori.
02:27
What they all had in common
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Svima je zajedničko bilo
02:28
was they worked very, very hard.
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to da su radili veoma naporno.
02:31
My grandpa owned and operated a sheet metal
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Moj deda je držao i koordinisao fabriku
02:33
kitchen cabinet factory in Brooklyn.
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metalnih kuhinjskih limova u Bruklinu.
02:36
On weekends, we would go
together to Cortlandt Street,
together to Cortlandt Street,
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Vikendom bismo išli
svi u ulicu Kortland,
svi u ulicu Kortland,
02:39
which was New York City's radio row.
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koja je bila njujorška radio baza.
02:42
There we would explore massive piles
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Tamo bismo istraživali ogromne komade
02:45
of surplus electronics,
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ostataka elektronike
02:46
and for a few bucks bring home treasures
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i za nekoliko dolara
bismo donosili blago
bismo donosili blago
02:48
like Norden bombsights
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poput Nordenove nišanske sprave
02:50
and parts from the first IBM tube-based computers.
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i delova prvih IBM kompjutera
na bazi cevčica.
na bazi cevčica.
02:54
I found these objects both useful and fascinating.
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Smatrao sam ove predmete
i korisnim i očaravajućim.
i korisnim i očaravajućim.
02:57
I learned about engineering and how things worked,
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Učio sam o inženjerstvu
i kako stvari funkcionišu,
i kako stvari funkcionišu,
03:00
not at school
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ne u školi
03:01
but by taking apart and studying
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već rastavljajući i proučavajući
03:03
these fabulously complex devices.
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ove čudesno kompleksne aparate.
03:06
I did this for hours every day,
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Satima sam se time bavio svakog dana
03:08
apparently avoiding electrocution.
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očigledno izbegavajući strujni udar.
03:11
Life was good.
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Život je bio dobar.
03:13
However, every summer, sadly,
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Ipak, svakog leta, nažalost,
03:15
the machines got left behind
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mašine su ostajale
03:17
while my parents and I traveled overseas
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dok smo moji roditelji i ja
putovali preko okeana
putovali preko okeana
03:20
to experience history, art and design.
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da iskusimo istoriju, umetnost i dizajn.
03:23
We visited the great museums and historic buildings
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Posetili smo velike muzeje
i istorijske objekte
i istorijske objekte
03:26
of both Europe and the Middle East,
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Evrope i Bliskog istoka,
03:27
but to encourage my growing interest
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ali kako bi podstakli moje rastuće
interesovanje
interesovanje
03:30
in science and technology,
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za nauku i tehnologiju,
03:31
they would simply drop me off in places
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oni bi me jednostavno
ostavljali u mestima
ostavljali u mestima
03:34
like the London Science Museum,
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poput Londonskog naučnog muzeja
03:36
where I would wander endlessly for hours by myself
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gde sam beskrajno lutao
sam satima,
sam satima,
03:40
studying the history of science and technology.
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proučavajući istoriju
nauke i tehnologije.
nauke i tehnologije.
03:44
Then, when I was about nine years old,
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Potom, kada sam imao oko 9 godina,
03:47
we went to Rome.
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otišli smo u Rim.
03:49
On one particularly hot summer day,
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Jednog posebno toplog letnjeg dana,
03:51
we visited a drum-shaped
building that from the outside
building that from the outside
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posetili smo zgradu
u obliku bubnja koja spolja
u obliku bubnja koja spolja
03:54
was not particularly interesting.
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nije naročito bila zanimljiva.
03:57
My dad said it was called the Pantheon,
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Moj otac je rekao da se zove Panteon,
03:59
a temple for all of the gods.
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hram svih bogova.
04:01
It didn't look all that special from the outside,
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Spolja nije izgledao baš posebno,
04:04
as I said, but when we walked inside,
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kao što sam rekao,
ali kada sam ušao unutra,
ali kada sam ušao unutra,
04:06
I was immediately struck by three things:
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momentalno sam bio
privučen trima stvarima:
privučen trima stvarima:
04:09
First of all, it was pleasantly cool
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pre svega, bilo je prijatno hladno
04:13
despite the oppressive heat outside.
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uprkos teškoj vrućini napolju.
04:15
It was very dark, the only source of light
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Bilo je veoma mračno,
a jedini izvor svetla
a jedini izvor svetla
04:17
being an big open hole in the roof.
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bio je velika otvorena rupa na krovu.
04:20
Dad explained that this wasn't a big open hole,
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Otac mi je objasnio da to
nije velika otvorena rupa,
nije velika otvorena rupa,
04:22
but it was called the oculus,
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već se zove okulus,
04:24
an eye to the heavens.
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oko prema raju.
04:26
And there was something about this place,
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I bilo je nešto u vezi sa tim mestom,
04:28
I didn't know why, that just felt special.
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nisam znao zašto,
ali je delovalo posebno.
ali je delovalo posebno.
04:31
As we walked to the center of the room,
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Kako smo hodali ka centru prostorije,
04:33
I looked up at the heavens through the oculus.
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pogledao sam gore
prema raju kroz okulus.
prema raju kroz okulus.
04:36
This was the first church that I'd been to
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Ovo je bila prva crkva
u kojoj sam bio
u kojoj sam bio
04:39
that provided an unrestricted view
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a koja je pružala neometan pogled
04:41
between God and man.
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između boga i čoveka.
04:44
But I wondered, what about when it rained?
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Ali sam se pitao, šta se dešava
kad pada kiša?
kad pada kiša?
04:47
Dad may have called this an oculus,
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Tata je možda zvao ovo okulus,
04:49
but it was, in fact, a big hole in the roof.
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ali je to zapravo bila
velika rupa u krovu.
velika rupa u krovu.
04:52
I looked down and saw floor drains
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Pogledao sam dole
i video podnu drenažu
i video podnu drenažu
04:54
had been cut into the stone floor.
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isečenu u kameni pod.
04:57
As I became more accustomed to the dark,
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Kako sam se navikavao na mrak,
04:59
I was able to make out details of the floor
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mogao sam da razlikujem detalje poda
05:01
and the surrounding walls.
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i zidova oko sebe.
05:03
No big deal here, just the same statuary stuff
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Nema tu ničega posebnog,
iste vajarske stvari
iste vajarske stvari
05:06
that we'd seen all over Rome.
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koje sam viđao širom Rima.
05:08
In fact, it looked like the Appian Way
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Zapravo, izgledalo je kao da se
05:09
marble salesman showed up
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prodavac mermera Apijskog puta pojavio
05:11
with his sample book, showed it to Hadrian,
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sa prospektom,
pokazao ga Hadrijanu,
pokazao ga Hadrijanu,
05:14
and Hadrian said, "We'll take all of it."
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a on je rekao:
"Uzećemo sve."
"Uzećemo sve."
05:17
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:18
But the ceiling was amazing.
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Ali je plafon bio zadivljujuć.
05:22
It looked like a Buckminster Fuller geodesic dome.
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Izgledao je kao geodezijska kupola
instituta Bakminster Fuler
instituta Bakminster Fuler
05:24
I'd seen these before,
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koji sam ranije video,
05:26
and Bucky was friends with my dad.
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i Baki je prijatelj moga oca.
05:28
It was modern, high-tech, impressive,
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Bio je moderan, impresivan,
visokotehnološki
visokotehnološki
05:31
a huge 142-foot clear span
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ogromni luk od 43 metara
05:34
which, not coincidentally, was exactly its height.
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što mu je i bila visina,
ne baš slučajno.
ne baš slučajno.
05:37
I loved this place.
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Voleo sam to mesto.
05:38
It was really beautiful and unlike
anything I'd ever seen before,
anything I'd ever seen before,
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Bilo je zaista prelepo i različito
od bilo čega što sam ikada video
od bilo čega što sam ikada video
05:42
so I asked my dad, "When was this built?"
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pa sam pitao oca:
"Kada je ovo izgrađeno?"
"Kada je ovo izgrađeno?"
05:45
He said, "About 2,000 years ago."
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Rekao je:
"Pre oko 2000 godina."
"Pre oko 2000 godina."
05:48
And I said, "No, I mean, the roof."
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Rekao sam:
"Ne, mislim na krov."
"Ne, mislim na krov."
05:51
You see, I assumed that this was a modern roof
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Pretpostavio sam
da je to moderan krov
da je to moderan krov
05:53
that had been put on because the original
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koji je stavljen jer je prvobitni
05:55
was destroyed in some long-past war.
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uništen u nekom davno održanom ratu.
05:58
He said, "It's the original roof."
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Rekao je:
"To je originalni krov."
"To je originalni krov."
06:02
That moment changed my life,
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Taj momenat mi je promenio život
06:04
and I can remember it as if it were yesterday.
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i mogu da se setim toga
kao da je bilo juče.
kao da je bilo juče.
06:07
For the first time, I realized people were smart
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Po prvi put, shvatio sam
da su ljudi bili pametni
da su ljudi bili pametni
06:10
2,000 years ago. (Laughter)
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pre 2000 godina.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
06:12
This had never crossed my mind.
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Ovo mi nikada nije palo na pamet.
06:14
I mean, to me, the pyramids at Giza,
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Za mene su piramide u Gizi
06:18
we visited those the year before,
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koje smo posetili godinu dana ranije
06:20
and sure they're impressive, nice enough design,
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svakako bile impresivne
i dovoljno izdizajnirane
i dovoljno izdizajnirane
06:23
but look, give me an unlimited budget,
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ali ako biste mi dali neograničeni budžet,
06:25
20,000 to 40,000 laborers, and about 10 to 20 years
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20 000 do 40 000 radnika
i oko 10 do 20 godina
i oko 10 do 20 godina
06:29
to cut and drag stone blocks
across the countryside,
across the countryside,
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kako bi isekli i dovukli
kamene blokove preko cele zemlje,
kamene blokove preko cele zemlje,
06:33
and I'll build you pyramids too.
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i ja bih mogao da izgradim piramide.
06:35
But no amount of brute force
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Ali nikakva količina grube snage
06:38
gets you the dome of the Pantheon,
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ne može da stvori kupolu Panteona,
06:41
not 2,000 years ago, nor today.
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kako ni pre 2000 godina,
tako ni danas.
tako ni danas.
06:44
And incidentally, it is still the largest
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Usput, to je još uvek najveća
06:47
unreinforced concrete dome that's ever been built.
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neojačana betonska kupola
koja je ikada napravljena.
koja je ikada napravljena.
06:51
To build the Pantheon took some miracles.
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Da bi se napravio Panteon,
trebala su da se dese čuda.
trebala su da se dese čuda.
06:54
By miracles, I mean things that are
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Pod čudima mislim na stvari koje su
06:56
technically barely possible,
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u suštini tehnički jedva moguće,
06:59
very high-risk, and might not be
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visoko rizične i zapravo ne bi mogao
07:02
actually accomplishable at this moment in time,
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niko da ih postigne danas,
07:04
certainly not by you.
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pogotovo ne vi.
07:09
For example, here are some
of the Pantheon's miracles.
of the Pantheon's miracles.
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Na primer, ovde su
neka od čuda Panteona.
neka od čuda Panteona.
07:12
To make it even structurally possible,
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Da bi bio strukturno moguć,
07:15
they had to invent super-strong concrete,
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morali su da izmisle izrazito jak beton,
07:17
and to control weight,
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i da kontrolišu težinu,
07:19
varied the density of the aggregate
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varirajući gustinu agregata
07:21
as they worked their way up the dome.
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dok su je gradili uvis.
07:24
For strength and lightness, the dome structure
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Za snagu i lakoću, struktura kupole
07:26
used five rings of coffers,
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je koristila 5 prstenova
pasorpcionih ploča,
pasorpcionih ploča,
07:28
each of diminishing size,
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svaka manja od sledeće,
07:30
which imparts a dramatic forced perspective
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što dizajnu daje
07:33
to the design.
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dramatičnu snažnu perspektivu.
07:35
It was wonderfully cool inside
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Bilo je izuzetno hladno unutra,
07:36
because of its huge thermal mass,
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zbog njegove velike termalne mase,
07:39
natural convection of air rising up
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prirodne konvekcije
vazduha koji se izdiže
vazduha koji se izdiže
07:41
through the oculus,
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kroz okulus,
07:42
and a Venturi effect when wind blows across
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i Venturijevog efekta
kada vetar duva
kada vetar duva
07:45
the top of the building.
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preko krova zgrade.
07:47
I discovered for the first time that light itself
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Otkrio sam po prvi put
da svetlo samo po sebi
da svetlo samo po sebi
07:51
has substance.
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ima suštinu.
07:53
The shaft of light beaming through the oculus
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Ovaj snop svetlosti
koji zrači kroz okulus
koji zrači kroz okulus
07:56
was both beautiful and palpable,
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bio je i prelep i opipljiv
07:58
and I realized for the first time
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i shvatio sam po prvi put
08:00
that light could be designed.
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da svetlo može da se dizajnira.
08:02
Further, that of all of the forms of design,
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Štaviše, sve vrste dizajna,
08:07
visual design,
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vizuelnog dizajna,
08:08
they were all kind of irrelevant without it,
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bile su nebitne bez njega,
08:10
because without light, you can't see any of them.
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jer bez svetla ne možete
videti bilo koje od njih.
videti bilo koje od njih.
08:14
I also realized that I wasn't the first person
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Takođe sam shvatio
da nisam prva osoba
da nisam prva osoba
08:17
to think that this place was really special.
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koja misli da je to mesto
istinski posebno.
istinski posebno.
08:20
It survived gravity, barbarians, looters, developers
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Preživljavalo je gravitaciju, varvare,
pljačkaše, graditelje
pljačkaše, graditelje
08:24
and the ravages of time to become
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i pustoš vremena
08:26
what I believe is the longest
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i verujem da je najduže
08:27
continuously occupied building in history.
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okupirana zgrada u jednom
vremenskom nizu u istoriji.
vremenskom nizu u istoriji.
08:30
Largely because of that visit,
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Velikim delom zbog te posete,
08:33
I came to understand that,
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počeo sam da shvatam da,
08:34
contrary to what I was being told in school,
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uprkos onome što mi je rečeno u školi,
08:37
the worlds of art and design
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svetovi umetnosti i dizajna
08:39
were not, in fact, incompatible
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2016
zapravo nisu neusaglašeni
08:41
with science and engineering.
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sa naukom i inženjerstvom.
08:43
I realized, when combined,
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Shvatio sam da kada ih kombinujete
08:45
you could create things that were amazing
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možete stvoriti stvari
koje su fantastične
koje su fantastične
08:47
that couldn't be done in either domain alone.
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i koje ne mogu biti urađene
u bilo kojoj od tih oblasti pojedinačno.
u bilo kojoj od tih oblasti pojedinačno.
08:50
But in school, with few exceptions,
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Ali u školi, uz nekoliko izuzetaka,
08:53
they were treated as separate worlds,
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1920
oni su bili tretirani
kao razdvojeni svetovi,
kao razdvojeni svetovi,
08:55
and they still are.
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i dalje su.
08:57
My teachers told me that I had to get serious
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Nastavnici su mi rekli
da moram da se uozbiljim
da moram da se uozbiljim
08:59
and focus on one or the other.
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i fokusiram na jednu ili drugu oblast.
09:02
However, urging me to specialize
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Ipak, podsticanje da se specijalizujem
09:05
only caused me to really
appreciate those polymaths
appreciate those polymaths
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je samo uzrokovalo
da istinski cenim svestranost
da istinski cenim svestranost
09:08
like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci,
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ljudi poput Mikelanđela,
Leonarda da Vinčija,
Leonarda da Vinčija,
09:12
Benjamin Franklin,
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Bendžanima Frenklina,
09:14
people who did exactly the opposite.
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ljudi koji su radili potpuno suprotno.
09:16
And this led me to embrace
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Ovo me je podstaklo da obuhvatim
09:19
and want to be in both worlds.
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oba sveta i da želim
da budem deo njih.
da budem deo njih.
09:21
So then how do these projects of unprecedented creative vision and technical complexity
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Kako su se onda ovi projekti presudne
kreativne vizije i tehničke kompleksnosti
kreativne vizije i tehničke kompleksnosti
09:27
like the Pantheon actually happen?
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poput Panteona zapravo dogodili?
09:30
Someone themselves, perhaps Hadrian,
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Nekome od njih, možda Hadrijanu,
09:34
needed a brilliant creative vision.
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trebala je briljantna kreativna vizija.
09:37
They also needed the storytelling
and leadership skills
and leadership skills
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Trebale su im i narativne
i liderske sposobnosti
i liderske sposobnosti
09:40
necessary to fund and execute it,
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neophodne da ih finansiraju i izvedu,
09:42
and a mastery of science and technology
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i savršenstvo nauke i tehnologije
09:45
with the ability and knowhow
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sa mogućnostima i znanjem
09:47
to push existing innovations even farther.
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da pomere postojeće inovacije napred.
09:51
It is my belief that to create
these rare game changers
these rare game changers
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Verujem da je potrebno
da izvedete makar pet čuda
da izvedete makar pet čuda
09:55
requires you to pull off at least five miracles.
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kako bi stvorili ove retke
revolucionarne momente.
revolucionarne momente.
10:00
The problem is, no matter how talented,
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Problem je, bez obzira
koliko ste talentovani,
koliko ste talentovani,
10:02
rich or smart you are,
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bogati ili pametni,
10:04
you only get one to one and a half miracles.
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dobijate samo jedno
do jednog ipo čuda.
do jednog ipo čuda.
10:07
That's it. That's the quota.
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To je to. To je norma.
10:09
Then you run out of time, money, enthusiasm,
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Potom vam ponestane vremena,
novca, entuzijazma,
novca, entuzijazma,
10:11
whatever.
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bilo čega.
10:13
Remember, most people can't even imagine
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Zapamtite, većina ljudi
čak ne može da zamisli
čak ne može da zamisli
10:15
one of these technical miracles,
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1907
jedno od ovih tehničkih čuda,
10:17
and you need at least five to make a Pantheon.
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3109
a treba vam najmanje pet da biste
napravili Panteon.
napravili Panteon.
10:20
In my experience, these rare visionaries
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Iz mog iskustva, ovi retki vizionari
10:23
who can think across the worlds of art,
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1837
koji mogu da misle širom sveta umetnosti,
10:24
design and engineering
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1827
dizajna i inženjerstva
10:26
have the ability to notice
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2202
imaju mogućnost da primete
10:28
when others have provided enough of the miracles
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kada su drugi stvorili dovoljno čuda
10:31
to bring the goal within reach.
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2556
kako bi približili cilj.
10:34
Driven by the clarity of their vision,
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Vođeni čistoćom svoje vizije,
10:36
they summon the courage and determination
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oni skupljaju hrabrost i odlučnost
10:39
to deliver the remaining miracles
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da prirede ostala čuda
10:41
and they often take what other people think to be
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3550
i često uzimaju ono što
drugi ljudi smatraju
drugi ljudi smatraju
10:44
insurmountable obstacles
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2046
nepremostivim preprekama
10:46
and turn them into features.
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1785
i preokreću ih u alat.
10:48
Take the oculus of the Pantheon.
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2927
Uzmite okulus Panteona.
10:51
By insisting that it be in the design,
249
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1898
Insistirajući na to bude u dizajnu,
10:53
it meant you couldn't use much
of the structural technology
of the structural technology
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2873
niste mogli da koristite
mnogo strukturalne tehnologije
mnogo strukturalne tehnologije
10:56
that had been developed for Roman arches.
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2974
koja je razvijena za rimske lukove.
10:59
However, by instead embracing it
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2898
Ipak, umesto prihvatanja toga
11:02
and rethinking weight and stress distribution,
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2588
i razmatranja raspodele
težine i opterećenja,
težine i opterećenja,
11:04
they came up with a design that only works
254
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2482
došli su do dizajna
koji jedino funkcioniše
koji jedino funkcioniše
11:07
if there's a big hole in the roof.
255
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1904
ako postoji velika rupa u krovu.
11:09
That done, you now get the aesthetic
256
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3007
Ovim dobijate estetski ugođaj
11:12
and design benefits of light, cooling
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i prednosti svetla, hlađenja
11:16
and that critical direct connection with the heavens.
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3300
i tu važnu direktnu vezu sa nebesima.
11:19
Not bad.
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2044
Nije loše.
11:21
These people not only believed
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2061
Ovi ljudi nisu samo verovali
11:23
that the impossible can be done,
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2056
da nemoguće može biti napravljeno
11:26
but that it must be done.
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2826
već da mora biti napravljeno.
11:28
Enough ancient history.
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2101
Dosta sa starom istorijom.
11:30
What are some recent examples of innovations
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3133
Koji su to skoriji primeri inovacija
11:34
that combine creative design
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1879
koje kombinuju kreativni dizajn
11:35
and technological advances in a way so profound
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3243
i tehnološke napretke
na tako dubok način
na tako dubok način
11:39
that they will be remembered
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1329
da će biti upamćeni
11:40
a thousand years from now?
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1833
hiljadama godina od danas?
11:42
Well, putting a man on the moon was a good one,
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3096
Sletanje čoveka na mesec
je bilo dobro
je bilo dobro
11:45
and returning him safely to Earth wasn't bad either.
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3017
i bezbedno vraćanje na Zemlju
takođe nije loše.
takođe nije loše.
11:48
Talk about one giant leap:
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2492
Zamislite taj veliki korak:
11:50
It's hard to imagine a more profound moment
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teško je da zamislite
upečatljiviji momenat
upečatljiviji momenat
11:53
in human history
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1312
u ljudskoj istoriji
11:54
than when we first left our world
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otkako smo prvi put
napustili ovaj svet
napustili ovaj svet
11:56
to set foot on another.
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1891
i kročili na drugi.
11:58
So what came after the moon?
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2221
Šta je došlo nakon meseca?
12:01
One is tempted to say that today's pantheon
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U iskušenju sam da kažem
da je internet
da je internet
12:03
is the Internet,
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1661
Panteon našeg doba
12:05
but I actually think that's quite wrong,
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2469
ali zapravo mislim
da je to prilično pogrešno,
da je to prilično pogrešno,
12:07
or at least it's only part of the story.
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2855
ili je makar samo deo priče.
12:10
The Internet isn't a Pantheon.
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2516
Internet nije Panteon.
12:13
It's more like the invention of concrete:
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2591
Više je poput izuma betona:
12:15
important, absolutely necessary
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2575
važan, veoma neophodan
12:18
to build the Pantheon,
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1440
da bi se izgradio Panteon,
12:19
and enduring,
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1356
i snažan,
12:21
but entirely insufficient by itself.
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3191
ali potpuno nedovoljan sam za sebe.
12:24
However, just as the technology of concrete
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2932
Ipak, kako je i tehnologija betona
12:27
was critical in realization of the Pantheon,
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3587
bila kritična za realizaciju Panteona,
12:30
new designers will use the
technologies of the Internet
technologies of the Internet
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3215
novi dizajneri će tako korisititi
tehnologije interneta
tehnologije interneta
12:34
to create novel concepts that will endure.
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3198
da bi stvorili nove koncepte
koji će biti postojani.
koji će biti postojani.
12:37
The smartphone is a perfect example.
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2058
Smartfon je savršen primer.
12:39
Soon the majority of people on the planet
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1745
Uskoro će većina ljudi na svetu
12:41
will have one,
293
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1334
imati jedan
12:42
and the idea of connecting everyone
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2401
i ideja povezivanja svakoga
12:44
to both knowledge and each other will endure.
295
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3250
međusobno, kao i sa znanjem, će trajati.
12:48
So what's next?
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1308
Šta je sledeće?
12:49
What imminent advance will be
the equivalent of the Pantheon?
the equivalent of the Pantheon?
297
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3406
Koji neminovni napredak
će biti ekvivalent Panteonu?
će biti ekvivalent Panteonu?
12:52
Thinking about this,
298
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1435
Razmišljajući o tome,
12:54
I rejected many very plausible
299
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2547
odbio sam mnoge moguće
12:56
and dramatic breakthroughs to come,
300
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1896
i dramatične buduće proboje
12:58
such as curing cancer.
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2017
kao što je izlečenje raka.
13:00
Why? Because Pantheons are anchored
302
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3338
Zašto? Jer su Panteoni utemeljeni
13:04
in designed physical objects,
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2935
u dizajnirane fizičke objekte,
13:07
ones that inspire by simply seeing
304
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2322
one koji inspirišu jednostavnim pogledom
13:09
and experiencing them,
305
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1420
i iskušavanjem toga
13:10
and will continue to do so indefinitely.
306
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2882
i koji će nastaviti
da to rade u beskonačnost.
da to rade u beskonačnost.
13:13
It is a different kind of language, like art.
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4573
To je različita vrsta jezika,
poput umetnosti.
poput umetnosti.
13:18
These other vital contributions that extend life
308
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2772
Drugi doprinosi koji produžuju život
13:21
and relieve suffering are, of course, critical,
309
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2693
i olakšavaju patnju su kritični
13:23
and fantastic,
310
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1687
i fantastični
13:25
but they're part of the continuum of
311
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1793
ali su deo neprekidnog medijuma
13:27
our overall knowledge and technology,
312
795209
2512
svog znanja i tehnologije,
13:29
like the Internet.
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2524
poput interneta.
13:32
So what is next?
314
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2344
Šta je sledeće?
13:34
Perhaps counterintuitively,
315
802589
1719
Možda suprotno od intuicije,
13:36
I'm guessing it's a visionary idea
316
804308
2312
pretpostavljam da je to vizionarska ideja
13:38
from the late 1930s
317
806620
1854
iz kasnih '30-ih
13:40
that's been revived every decade since:
318
808474
3160
koja je oživljena svakom decenijom:
13:43
autonomous vehicles.
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811634
2014
autonomno vozilo.
13:45
Now you're thinking, give me a break.
320
813648
1738
Sad mislite, ma daj.
13:47
How can a fancy version of cruise control
321
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3518
Kako savremena verzija tempomata
13:50
be profound?
322
818904
1700
može da bude značajna?
13:52
Look, much of our world
323
820604
2124
Većina sveta
13:54
has been designed around
roads and transportation.
roads and transportation.
324
822728
3483
je bila stvarana
oko puteva i prevoza.
oko puteva i prevoza.
13:58
These were as essential to the success
325
826211
1875
Oni su bili jednako bitni za uspeh
14:00
of the Roman Empire
326
828086
1498
Rimskog carstva
14:01
as the interstate highway system
327
829584
1985
kao sistem autoputeva unutar države
14:03
to the prosperity and development
328
831569
1794
za prosperitet i razvoj
14:05
of the United States.
329
833363
2210
SAD-a.
14:07
Today, these roads that interconnect our world
330
835573
3034
Danas, ovim putevima
koji povezuju naš svet
koji povezuju naš svet
14:10
are dominated by cars and trucks
331
838607
2098
dominiraju automobili i kamioni
14:12
that have remained largely unchanged
332
840705
1868
koji se nisu mnogo promenili
14:14
for 100 years.
333
842573
2571
već 100 godina.
14:17
Although perhaps not obvious today,
334
845144
3259
Iako danas nije toliko očigledno,
14:20
autonomous vehicles will be the key technology
335
848403
4585
autonomna vozila će biti
ključna tehnologija
ključna tehnologija
14:24
that enables us to redesign our cities
336
852988
3098
koja će nam omogućiti
da redizajniramo naše gradove
da redizajniramo naše gradove
14:28
and, by extension, civilization.
337
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2219
i još više, civilizaciju.
14:30
Here's why:
338
858305
1602
Evo i zašto.
14:31
Once they become ubiquitous,
339
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1753
Kada postanu sveprisutna,
14:33
each year, these vehicles will save
340
861660
2537
svake godine, ova vozila će spasiti
14:36
tens of thousands of lives in the United States alone
341
864197
3108
desetine hiljada života samo u SAD,
14:39
and a million globally.
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867305
3127
i milion globalno.
14:42
Automotive energy consumption and air pollution
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2899
Korišćenje automobilske energije
i zagađenje vazduha
i zagađenje vazduha
14:45
will be cut dramatically.
344
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2373
će biti drastično smanjeno.
14:47
Much of the road congestion
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875704
1405
Nestaće većina gužvi u saobraćaju
14:49
in and out of our cities will disappear.
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877109
3810
u našim gradovima i van njih.
14:52
They will enable compelling new concepts
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2687
Omogućiće nove ubedljive koncepte
14:55
in how we design cities, work,
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za to kako projektujemo gradove, radimo
14:58
and the way we live.
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886075
1937
i kako živimo.
15:00
We will get where we're going faster
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2546
Stizaćemo tamo kuda idemo brže
15:02
and society will recapture vast amounts
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i društvo će vratiti ogromne količine
15:05
of lost productivity
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izgubljene produktivnosti
15:06
now spent sitting in traffic basically polluting.
353
894847
3641
potrošene sedenjem u saobraćaju,
zapravo zagađujući okolinu.
zapravo zagađujući okolinu.
15:10
But why now? Why do we think this is ready?
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3273
Ali zašto sad?
Zašto smatramo da je ovo spremno?
Zašto smatramo da je ovo spremno?
15:13
Because over the last 30 years,
355
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2194
Zato što su tokom
poslednjih 30 godina
poslednjih 30 godina
15:15
people from outside the automotive industry
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2048
ljudi izvan automobilske industrije
15:18
have spent countless billions
357
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2108
potrošili milijarde
15:20
creating the needed miracles,
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1735
stvarajući neophodna čuda,
15:21
but for entirely different purposes.
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909846
2872
ali za potpuno drugačije namene.
15:24
It took folks like DARPA, universities,
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912718
2628
Bili su potrebni ljudi
iz DARPA-e, univerziteta
iz DARPA-e, univerziteta
15:27
and companies completely
outside of the automotive industry
outside of the automotive industry
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915346
3164
i kompanija potpuno izvan
automobilske industrije
automobilske industrije
15:30
to notice that if you were clever about it,
362
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2301
kako bi otkrili da ako ste pametni
u vezi sa tim,
u vezi sa tim,
15:32
autonomy could be done now.
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2530
autonomija bi mogla biti gotova sad.
15:35
So what are the five miracles
needed for autonomous vehicles?
needed for autonomous vehicles?
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923341
3383
Kojih je 5 neophodnih čuda
za autonomna vozila?
za autonomna vozila?
15:38
One, you need to know
365
926724
1643
Prvo, treba da znate
15:40
where you are and exactly what time it is.
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2734
gde ste i tačno koje je vreme.
15:43
This was solved neatly by the GPS system,
367
931101
2408
Ovo je elegantno rešeno
GPS sistemom,
GPS sistemom,
15:45
Global Positioning System,
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933509
1312
sistemom globalnog pozicioniranja,
15:46
that the U.S. Government put in place.
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934821
2666
kojeg je lansirala vlada SAD.
15:49
You need to know where all the roads are,
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937487
2523
Treba da znate gde su svi putevi,
15:52
what the rules are, and where you're going.
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2903
koja su pravila i kuda idete.
15:54
The various needs of personal navigation systems,
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942913
2583
Različite potrebe
ličnih navigacionih sistema,
ličnih navigacionih sistema,
15:57
in-car navigation systems,
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1755
navigacioni sistemi u kolima
15:59
and web-based maps address this.
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3033
i internet mape su tu da reše ovo.
16:02
You must have near-continuous communication
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950284
2627
Morate da imate
skoro stalnu komunikaciju
skoro stalnu komunikaciju
16:04
with high-performance computing networks
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952911
1893
sa mrežama računara
visokih performansi
visokih performansi
16:06
and with others nearby
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1670
i sa drugima u okolini
16:08
to understand their intent.
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3315
kako biste shvatili njihove namere.
16:11
The wireless technologies
developed for mobile devices,
developed for mobile devices,
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3108
Bežične tehnologije su se razvile
za mobline uređaje
za mobline uređaje
16:14
with some minor modifications,
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1793
ali su sa minimalnim modifikacijama
16:16
are completely suitable to solve this.
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964690
2959
potpuno prilagođene da ovo reše.
16:19
You'll probably want some restricted roadways
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967649
2490
Verovatno ćete želeti
neke ograđene puteve
neke ograđene puteve
16:22
to get started
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970139
1190
za početak,
16:23
that both society and its lawyers
384
971329
2478
one za koje se društvo
i njegovi advokati
i njegovi advokati
16:25
agree are safe to use for this.
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973807
1872
slažu da su sigurni za ovu upotrebu.
16:27
This will start with the HOV lanes
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975679
1849
Ovo će početi sa HOV putevima
16:29
and move from there.
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977528
2133
i nastaviti odatle.
16:31
But finally, you need to recognize
388
979661
2551
Na kraju, treba da prepoznate
16:34
people, signs and objects.
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2103
ljude, znake i objekte.
16:36
Machine vision, special sensors,
and high-performance computing
and high-performance computing
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984315
3054
Mašinska vizija, posebni senzori
i računarstvo visokih performansi
i računarstvo visokih performansi
16:39
can do a lot of this,
391
987369
1572
mogu da učine mnogo toga,
16:40
but it turns out a lot is not good enough
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988941
2558
ali izgleda da mnogo
nije dovoljno dobro
nije dovoljno dobro
16:43
when your family is on board.
393
991499
1941
kada je vaša porodica u automobilu.
16:45
Occasionally, humans will
need to do sense-making.
need to do sense-making.
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993440
3521
Povremeno, ljudi će morati
da se bave razmišljanjem.
da se bave razmišljanjem.
16:48
For this, you might actually have to wake up
395
996961
3612
Za ovo ćete možda zapravo
morati da probudite
morati da probudite
16:52
your passenger and ask them what the hell
396
1000573
2096
vašeg putnika i pitate ga
šta je zaboga
šta je zaboga
16:54
that big lump is in the middle of the road.
397
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2802
ta velika džomba na sredini puta.
16:57
Not so bad, and it will give us a sense of purpose
398
1005487
2344
Nije tako loše,
i daće nam osećaj smisla
i daće nam osećaj smisla
16:59
in this new world.
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1007831
1853
u ovom novom svetu.
17:01
Besides, once the first drivers explain
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1009684
2740
Pored toga, kada prvi vozači objasne
17:04
to their confused car
401
1012424
1326
svojim zbunjenim kolima
17:05
that the giant chicken at the fork in the road
402
1013750
2666
da je ogromno pile
na viljušci na putu
na viljušci na putu
17:08
is actually a restaurant,
403
1016416
1543
zapravo restoran
17:09
and it's okay to keep driving,
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1017959
2304
i da je u redu nastaviti vožnju,
17:12
every other car on the surface of the Earth
405
1020263
3420
svako drugo vozilo
na površini Zemlje
na površini Zemlje
17:15
will know that from that point on.
406
1023683
2922
će to znati od tog trenutka.
17:18
Five miracles, mostly delivered,
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1026605
2263
Pet čuda, uglavnom ostvarenih
17:20
and now you just need a clear vision
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1028868
1878
a vama sad treba samo jasna vizija
17:22
of a better world filled with autonomous vehicles
409
1030746
2837
boljeg sveta punog autonomnih vozila
17:25
with seductively beautiful
and new functional designs
and new functional designs
410
1033583
3613
sa zavodljivo lepim i novim
funkcionalnim dizajnima
funkcionalnim dizajnima
17:29
plus a lot of money and hard work
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1037196
2454
plus mnogo novca i teškog rada
17:31
to bring it home.
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1596
da se to ostvari.
17:33
The beginning is now only a handful of years away,
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3022
Početak je sada udaljen
samo nekoliko godina
samo nekoliko godina
17:36
and I predict that autonomous vehicles
414
1044268
1868
i predviđam da će autnomna vozila
17:38
will permanently change our world
415
1046136
2071
zauvek promeniti naš svet
17:40
over the next several decades.
416
1048207
4184
tokom budućih nekoliko decenija.
17:44
In conclusion, I've come to believe
417
1052391
2652
Da zaključim,
došao sam do uverenja
došao sam do uverenja
17:47
that the ingredients for the next Pantheons
418
1055043
2238
da su sastojci sledećih Panteona
17:49
are all around us,
419
1057281
1387
svuda oko nas,
17:50
just waiting for visionary people
420
1058668
2187
a samo čekaju vizionare
17:52
with the broad knowledge,
421
1060855
1734
sa širokim znanjem,
17:54
multidisciplinary skills,
422
1062589
1610
multidisciplinarnim veštinama
17:56
and intense passion
423
1064199
1868
i velikom strašću
17:58
to harness them to make their dreams a reality.
424
1066067
5086
da ih iskoriste
kako bi ostvarili svoje snove.
kako bi ostvarili svoje snove.
18:03
But these people don't spontaneously
425
1071153
2496
Ali ovi ljudi ne nastaju
18:05
pop into existence.
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1073649
1339
samo tako.
18:06
They need to be nurtured and encouraged
427
1074988
1839
Treba da se neguju i podstiču
18:08
from when they're little kids.
428
1076827
1779
od malih nogu.
18:10
We need to love them and help them
429
1078606
1860
Treba da ih volimo i pomažemo im
18:12
discover their passions.
430
1080466
1719
da otkriju svoje strasti.
18:14
We need to encourage them to work hard
431
1082185
2214
Treba da ih ohrabrimo
da rade naporno
da rade naporno
18:16
and help them understand that failure
432
1084399
2437
i pomognemo im da shvate da poraz
18:18
is a necessary ingredient for success,
433
1086836
2871
predstavlja neophodni sastojak za uspeh,
18:21
as is perseverance.
434
1089707
2181
kao i istrajnost.
18:23
We need to help them to find their own role models,
435
1091888
3098
Treba da im pomognemo
da nađu svoje uzore,
da nađu svoje uzore,
18:26
and give them the confidence
to believe in themselves
to believe in themselves
436
1094986
2672
i damo im pouzdanje
da veruju u sebe
da veruju u sebe
18:29
and to believe that anything is possible,
437
1097658
2777
i da veruju da je sve moguće,
18:32
and just as my grandpa did when
he took me shopping for surplus,
he took me shopping for surplus,
438
1100435
3509
i kao što je moj deda uradio kada me je
odveo u kupovinu rezervnih delova,
odveo u kupovinu rezervnih delova,
18:35
and just as my parents did
439
1103944
1783
i kao što su moji roditelji uradili
18:37
when they took me to science museums,
440
1105727
2022
kada su me odveli u naučne muzeje,
18:39
we need to encourage them to find their own path,
441
1107749
3281
treba da ih ohrabrimo da nađu svoj put,
18:43
even if it's very different from our own.
442
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2657
čak iako je veoma različit od našeg.
18:45
But a cautionary note:
443
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1408
Ali evo i upozorenja -
18:47
We also need to periodically pry them away
444
1115095
2434
takođe treba da ih ponekad odvlačimo
18:49
from their modern miracles,
445
1117529
1469
od njihovih modernih čuda,
18:50
the computers, phones, tablets,
446
1118998
1971
kompjutera, telefona, tableta,
18:52
game machines and TVs,
447
1120969
1594
konzola i TV-a,
18:54
take them out into the sunlight
448
1122563
2244
da ih izvedemo na svetlost
18:56
so they can experience both the natural
449
1124807
2129
da mogu da iskuse i prirodna
18:58
and design wonders of our world,
450
1126936
2897
i dizajnerska čuda našeg sveta,
19:01
our planet and our civilization.
451
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2242
naše planete i civilizacije.
19:04
If we don't, they won't understand
452
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2927
Ako to ne učinimo, oni neće shvatiti
19:07
what these precious things are
453
1135002
1882
šta su te dragocene stvari
19:08
that someday they will be resopnsible
454
1136884
2595
za koje će jednog dana biti odgovorni,
19:11
for protecting and improving.
455
1139479
2282
da ih čuvaju i unapređuju.
19:13
We also need them to understand
456
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1643
Treba da shvate
19:15
something that doesn't seem adequately appreciated
457
1143404
3029
nešto što se čini
da se ne poštuje dovoljno
da se ne poštuje dovoljno
19:18
in our increasingly tech-dependent world,
458
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2463
u našem tehnološki zavisnom svetu -
19:20
that art and design
459
1148896
1683
da umetnost i dizajn
19:22
are not luxuries,
460
1150579
1913
nisu luksuz,
19:24
nor somehow incompatible
461
1152492
1826
niti nekako nekompatibilne
19:26
with science and engineering.
462
1154318
1869
sa naukom i inženjerstvom.
19:28
They are in fact essential to what makes us special.
463
1156187
5575
One su ono suštinsko
što nas čini posebnim.
što nas čini posebnim.
19:33
Someday, if you get the chance,
464
1161762
2515
Jednog dana,
ako budete imali priliku
ako budete imali priliku
19:36
perhaps you can take your kids
465
1164277
1537
možda možete
da odvedete svoju decu
da odvedete svoju decu
19:37
to the actual Pantheon,
466
1165814
1771
do pravog Panteona,
19:39
as we will our daughter Kira,
467
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2660
kao što ćemo mi svoju ćerku Kiru,
19:42
to experience firsthand
468
1170245
2078
da iskusi iz prve ruke
19:44
the power of that astonishing design,
469
1172323
4257
snagu tog zadivljujućeg dizajna,
19:48
which on one otherwise unremarkable day in Rome,
470
1176580
3744
koji je jednog sasvim običnog dana u Rimu
19:52
reached 2,000 years into the future
471
1180324
3027
posegao 2 000 godina u budućnost
19:55
to set the course for my life.
472
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2658
kako bi odredio kurs mog života.
19:58
Thank you.
473
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Hvala vam.
20:00
(Applause)
474
1188140
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bran Ferren - Technology designerOnce known for entertaining millions by creating special effects for Hollywood, theme parks and Broadway, Applied Minds cofounder Bran Ferren now solves impossible tech challenges with previously unimaginable inventions.
Why you should listen
After dropping out of MIT in 1970, Bran Ferren became a designer and engineer for theater, touring rock bands, and dozens of movies, including Altered States and Little Shop of Horrors, before joining Disney as a lead Imagineer, then becoming president of R&D for the Walt Disney Company.
In 2000, Ferren and partner Danny Hillis left Disney to found Applied Minds, a playful design and invention firm dedicated to distilling game-changing inventions from an eclectic stew of the brightest creative minds culled from every imaginable discipline.
Bran Ferren | Speaker | TED.com