TEDWomen 2010
Jacqueline Novogratz: Inspiring a life of immersion
贾桂林·诺瓦格拉兹：过一种沉浸的人生
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我们都希望过一种有意义的人生，但是从何开始？在这个引人深思的演讲里，贾桂林·诺瓦格拉兹向我们介绍了“耐心资本”的故事以及她所遇到的一些沉浸在某种正义、某个社区或某种热情而奋斗的人。所有这些都有最能给人启发的故事。
Jacqueline Novogratz - Investor and advocate for moral leadership
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty. Full bio
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I've been spending a lot of time
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我有很长一段时间在
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traveling around the world these days,
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世界各地旅行
00:19
talking to groups of students and professionals,
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并且带上学生或专业人士
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and everywhere I'm finding that I hear similar themes.
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我发现，不管去到怎样的地方，我听到的都是类似的声音
00:25
On the one hand, people say,
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一方面，人们会说
00:27
"The time for change is now."
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“现在就是要改变的时候了”
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They want to be part of it.
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他们都希望成为改变的一部分
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They talk about wanting lives of purpose and greater meaning.
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他们希望过上一种有追求有意义的生活
00:34
But on the other hand,
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但是另外一方面
00:36
I hear people talking about fear,
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我也听到人们在谈论恐惧
00:38
a sense of risk-aversion.
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一种希望避免风险的想法
00:40
They say, "I really want to follow a life of purpose,
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他们会说，“我很希望真的过一种有意义的人生
00:42
but I don't know where to start.
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但是我不知道该从哪里做起
00:44
I don't want to disappoint my family or friends."
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我不想让我的家人或朋友失望”
00:47
I work in global poverty.
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我是在扶贫这一领域工作的
00:49
And they say, "I want to work in global poverty,
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有人听到这一点也会说，“我也想做扶贫的工作啊
00:51
but what will it mean about my career?
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但是我的职业会有保障吗？
00:53
Will I be marginalized?
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我会被别人边缘化吗？
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Will I not make enough money?
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我能赚到足够的钱吗？
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Will I never get married or have children?"
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我是否会因此而嫁不出去或者不能有小孩？”
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And as a woman who didn't get married until I was a lot older --
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我就是一个很晚才嫁出去的女人
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and I'm glad I waited --
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但是我很高兴我很晚才嫁
01:04
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:06
-- and has no children,
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并且我现在没有小孩
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I look at these young people
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我看这些年轻人
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and I say, "Your job is not to be perfect.
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我会说，“你的工作不是需要成为完美的人
01:12
Your job is only to be human.
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你只需成为一个真正的人
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And nothing important happens in life
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人生当中没有任何重要的事情
01:17
without a cost."
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是不需要付出代价的”
01:20
These conversations really reflect what's happening
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这些对话反映了在国家以及国际层面
01:22
at the national and international level.
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正在发生的一些事情
01:24
Our leaders and ourselves
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我们的领袖以及我们自身
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want everything,
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希望获得所有东西
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but we don't talk about the costs.
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但是我们从来不会谈及代价
01:30
We don't talk about the sacrifice.
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不会谈及牺牲
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One of my favorite quotes from literature
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我最喜欢的一句文学格言
01:35
was written by Tillie Olsen,
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是来自蒂莉·奥尔森的一句话
01:37
the great American writer from the South.
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她是来自美国南部的一位作家
01:39
In a short story called "Oh Yes,"
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在一篇名为“Oh Yes”的故事里
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she talks about a white woman in the 1950s
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她写的是发生在1950年代的一个故事
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who has a daughter
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一位白人妇女有一个女儿
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who befriends a little African American girl,
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这个女儿和一位黑人女孩成为了朋友
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and she looks at her child with a sense of pride,
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她看着自己的女孩，觉得很骄傲
01:52
but she also wonders,
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但同时她也在想
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what price will she pay?
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她是否会因此而付出什么代价？
01:56
"Better immersion
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“与其淡漠度过一生
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than to live untouched."
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不如全身心的投入”
02:00
But the real question is,
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但真正的问题是
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what is the cost of not daring?
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假如我们不去冒险，其代价又会是什么？
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What is the cost of not trying?
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不去尝试的代价是什么？
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I've been so privileged in my life
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我一生中遇到了
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to know extraordinary leaders
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许多非常杰出的领袖
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who have chosen to live lives of immersion.
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他们都选择了过一种全身心投入的人生
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One woman I knew who was a fellow
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当我还在洛克菲勒基金会工作的时候
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at a program that I ran at the Rockefeller Foundation
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曾主持一个项目
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was named Ingrid Washinawatok.
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当时有一位叫殷歌丽·瓦什娜沃托克的妇女是那个项目的伙伴
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She was a leader of the Menominee tribe,
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她是密诺米尼部落的首领
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a Native American peoples.
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那是一个北美的原住民部落
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And when we would gather as fellows,
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项目伙伴会经常聚会
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she would push us to think about
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她会让我们想
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how the elders in Native American culture
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在北美原住民部落里的
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make decisions.
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老人是怎么做决定的
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And she said they would literally visualize
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她说，老人们会想象出他们的
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the faces of children
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后代的面孔
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for seven generations into the future,
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——从现在数起的七个世代
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looking at them from the Earth,
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眼睛看着他们的后代
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and they would look at them, holding them as stewards
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而后代则看着这些老人，把他们看作是
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for that future.
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后代的守护神
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Ingrid understood that we are connected to each other,
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殷歌丽知道，我们所有人都是联系在一起的
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not only as human beings,
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不仅仅是与其他人
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but to every living thing on the planet.
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而且和地球上其他的生物也是联系在一起的
02:55
And tragically, in 1999,
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可悲的是，
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when she was in Colombia
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1999年，当她去到哥伦比亚
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working with the U'wa people,
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和当地的U'wa部族的人
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focused on preserving their culture and language,
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进行文化以及土著语言保护工作的时候
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she and two colleagues were abducted
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她以及她的两位同事被绑架了
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and tortured and killed by the FARC.
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并且被哥伦比亚革命武装力量折磨致死
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And whenever we would gather the fellows after that,
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那件事以后
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we would leave a chair empty for her spirit.
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每次我们组织的伙伴聚会活动上，我们都会空出一张椅子
03:16
And more than a decade later,
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十年多之后
03:19
when I talk to NGO fellows,
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每当我跟NGO的人谈起这事
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whether in Trenton, New Jersey or the office of the White House,
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不管是在新泽西州的特伦顿或者是在白宫的办公室
03:24
and we talk about Ingrid,
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我们都会谈及殷歌丽
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they all say that they're trying to integrate her wisdom
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他们都会说希望把殷歌丽的智慧
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and her spirit
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以及她的精神，融入到他们的工作当中
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and really build on the unfulfilled work
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并且继承殷歌丽未竟的事业
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of her life's mission.
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以及她的人生使命
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And when we think about legacy,
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每次我们想到某人留下的遗产的时候
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I can think of no more powerful one,
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我能想到的最具震撼力的
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despite how short her life was.
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就是殷歌丽的遗产，虽然她生命非常短暂
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And I've been touched by Cambodian women --
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我也被柬埔寨的妇女感动过
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beautiful women,
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她们都是非常美丽的妇女
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women who held the tradition of the classical dance in Cambodia.
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她们在柬埔寨坚持民族舞蹈
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And I met them in the early '90s.
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我在90年代初的时候曾经见过她们
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In the 1970s, under the Pol Pot regime,
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1970年代在波尔布特政权之下
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the Khmer Rouge killed over a million people,
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红色高棉残杀了一百多万人
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and they focused and targeted the elites and the intellectuals,
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他们主要是针对精英、知识分子
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the artists, the dancers.
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艺术家、舞蹈家这些阶层开刀
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And at the end of the war,
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战争结束之时
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there were only 30 of these classical dancers still living.
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只有30名古典舞蹈师存活下来
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And the women, who I was so privileged to meet
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我有幸见到了最后幸存至今日的
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when there were three survivors,
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三名幸存者当中的一位
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told these stories about lying in their cots
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她说当时她们躺在
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in the refugee camps.
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难民营的小床里
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They said they would try so hard
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她们那时候想尽办法去记住
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to remember the fragments of the dance,
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舞蹈的细节
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hoping that others were alive and doing the same.
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希望别人也能记住
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And one woman stood there with this perfect carriage,
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其中一位妇女当时这样站在马车旁边
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her hands at her side,
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手放在一边
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and she talked about
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跟我谈到
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the reunion of the 30 after the war
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战争30年后的重逢
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and how extraordinary it was.
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以及当时的战争是何等的激烈
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And these big tears fell down her face,
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说的时候热泪盈眶
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but she never lifted her hands to move them.
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但是她没有用手去摸眼泪
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And the women decided that they would train
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于是这些幸存的舞者就决定
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not the next generation of girls, because they had grown too old already,
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她们要教导下一代——而不仅仅是下一代的女性舞者
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but the next generation.
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因为那时她们都已经很老了
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And I sat there in the studio
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当时我坐在舞蹈室里
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watching these women clapping their hands --
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看着她们拍掌
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beautiful rhythms --
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并且伴以非常美妙的节律
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as these little fairy pixies
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仿佛她们周围有天使在
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were dancing around them,
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飞舞
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wearing these beautiful silk colors.
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并且还闪耀着漂亮的丝绸颜色
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And I thought, after all this atrocity,
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我在想，在经历了那么残酷的暴政之后
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this is how human beings really pray.
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这就是她们祈祷的方式
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Because they're focused on honoring
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因为她们关注于保存和发扬
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what is most beautiful about our past
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我们历史上最优秀的东西
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and building it into
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并且将其带向更加
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the promise of our future.
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美好的未来
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And what these women understood
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这些妇女非常清楚
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is sometimes the most important things that we do
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有时候最重要的事情
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and that we spend our time on
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以及那些我们花时间最多的事情
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are those things that we cannot measure.
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往往是一些我们不能衡量其价值的事情
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I also have been touched
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另外，我也看到过
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by the dark side of power and leadership.
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权力以及领袖的黑暗一面
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And I have learned that power,
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并且认识到
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particularly in its absolute form,
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权力，特别是绝对的权力
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is an equal opportunity provider.
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也是一个平等机会提供者
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In 1986, I moved to Rwanda,
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1986年，我去了卢旺达
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and I worked with a very small group of Rwandan women
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在那里和一群当地的妇女开展工作
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to start that country's first microfinance bank.
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我们在那里开始了该国第一个微型信贷银行
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And one of the women was Agnes --
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其中一位妇女是爱格妮思
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there on your extreme left --
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就在你们的最左边
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she was one of the first three
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她是卢旺达最早成为国会议员的
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women parliamentarians in Rwanda,
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三名妇女之一
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and her legacy should have been
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她的丰功业绩本应该使她成为
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to be one of the mothers of Rwanda.
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卢旺达之母中的一员
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We built this institution based on social justice,
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我们当时建立的机构是基于社会正义
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gender equity,
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性别平等
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this idea of empowering women.
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以及对妇女进行赋权这几个原则而建立的
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But Agnes cared more about the trappings of power
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但是 Agnes 更关心权力
06:12
than she did principle at the end.
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而不是原则
06:14
And though she had been part of building a liberal party,
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虽然她也曾参与建立一个自由的政党
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a political party
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该党关注多元性
06:19
that was focused on diversity and tolerance,
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以及宽容和解
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about three months before the genocide, she switched parties
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在种族屠杀发生前的三个月，她转换政党
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and joined the extremist party, Hutu Power,
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加入了极端的胡图族权力党
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and she became the Minister of Justice
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并且成为了种族大屠杀时期的
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under the genocide regime
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司法部部长
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and was known for inciting men to kill faster
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她被指责煽动男人更快的杀害自己的同胞
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and stop behaving like women.
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不要像女人那么慢手慢脚
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She was convicted
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后来她被指控
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of category one crimes of genocide.
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犯有一级种族屠杀罪
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And I would visit her in the prisons,
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我去监狱里看望她
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sitting side-by-side, knees touching,
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跟她紧挨着坐下来，膝盖碰着膝盖
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and I would have to admit to myself
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我不得不心里跟自己说
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that monsters exist in all of us,
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我们每个人的身上都有魔鬼的影子
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but that maybe it's not monsters so much,
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或者也许不是魔鬼
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but the broken parts of ourselves,
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而是我们自身有一些破碎的部分
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sadnesses, secret shame,
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例如悲伤、羞愧
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and that ultimately it's easy for demagogues
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而这些往往会被魔鬼所利用
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to prey on those parts,
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魔鬼会附在这些东西之上
07:05
those fragments, if you will,
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那时候
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and to make us look at other beings, human beings,
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我们看待别人
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as lesser than ourselves --
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就会觉得别人比我们低人一等
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and in the extreme, to do terrible things.
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也会因此而做出一些非常恶劣的事情
07:16
And there is no group
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而再也没有比年轻的男子更
07:18
more vulnerable to those kinds of manipulations
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容易受到这样一种魔鬼的势力操控
07:21
than young men.
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的群体了
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I've heard it said that the most dangerous animal on the planet
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我听人们说过，这个世界上最危险的动物
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is the adolescent male.
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就是年轻的、少年期的男子
07:28
And so in a gathering
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而今天我们的聚会
07:30
where we're focused on women,
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是讲女子的
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while it is so critical that we invest in our girls
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当然，重视女孩也非常重要
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and we even the playing field
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我们需要给女孩创造一个公平的环境
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and we find ways to honor them,
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要更多的给女孩奖赏
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we have to remember that the girls and the women
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我们也需要知道，很多时候
07:43
are most isolated and violated
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女孩和妇女正是被社会上的
07:45
and victimized and made invisible
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男人所孤立和伤害的
07:47
in those very societies
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男人让女人无法发出自己的声音，女人成了牺牲者
07:49
where our men and our boys
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因为在那些社会里，男人也感到
07:51
feel disempowered,
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没有任何的力量
07:53
unable to provide.
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不能承担任何东西
07:55
And that, when they sit on those street corners
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一旦他们坐在街头上
07:58
and all they can think of in the future
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他们能想到的就是
08:00
is no job, no education,
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一个没有工作、没有教育
08:02
no possibility,
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没有可能的未来
08:04
well then it's easy to understand
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假如你也在那样的情景下
08:06
how the greatest source of status
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你就会明白为何
08:08
can come from a uniform
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一根枪和一件制服
08:10
and a gun.
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可以成为最让人向往的身份象征
08:12
Sometimes very small investments
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有时候，一些很少的投资
08:14
can release enormous, infinite potential
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也能让人迸发出巨大而且无穷的潜力
08:16
that exists in all of us.
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并且我们每一个人都有这样的潜力
08:18
One of the Acumen Fund fellows at my organization,
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在Acumen Fund, 我们有一位伙伴，
08:20
Suraj Sudhakar,
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他叫Suraj Sudhakar
08:22
has what we call moral imagination --
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我们都认为他有一种道德想象力
08:25
the ability to put yourself in another person's shoes
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就是能够设身处地的为别人着想
08:27
and lead from that perspective.
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并且由此出发去帮助别人
08:29
And he's been working with this young group of men
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他经常和这群男孩在一起
08:33
who come from the largest slum in the world, Kibera.
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他们来自于世界最大的贫民窟基贝拉
08:36
And they're incredible guys.
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不过他们都是很了不起的人
08:38
And together they started a book club
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他们共同发起了一个读书会
08:40
for a hundred people in the slums,
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会员就是贫民窟感兴趣的其中100个人
08:42
and they're reading many TED authors and liking it.
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他们读的是TED讲者写的书，并且非常喜欢
08:45
And then they created a business plan competition.
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后来他们搞了个商业计划
08:48
Then they decided that they would do TEDx's.
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他们也希望做一个TEDx
08:51
And I have learned so much
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我从Chris, Kevin, Alex, Herbert
08:53
from Chris and Kevin
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以及其他很多年轻人身上
08:55
and Alex and Herbert
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学到了
08:57
and all of these young men.
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许多东西
08:59
Alex, in some ways, said it best.
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也许是Alex讲得最有道理
09:01
He said, "We used to feel like nobodies,
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他说，“过去，我们认为自己没有什么用
09:03
but now we feel like somebodies."
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但现在我们看到了自己可以做点什么。”
09:05
And I think we have it all wrong
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我们都曾以为经济收入是
09:07
when we think that income is the link.
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维系人的链条，但我们都错了
09:09
What we really yearn for as human beings
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因为作为人，我们更渴望的是
09:11
is to be visible to each other.
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能够看到彼此对方
09:14
And the reason these young guys
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而这些年轻人他们做TEDx
09:16
told me that they're doing these TEDx's
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的原因是
09:18
is because they were sick and tired
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他们每天碰到的都只是
09:20
of the only workshops coming to the slums
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关于艾滋病以及微型信贷的
09:23
being those workshops focused on HIV,
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工作坊
09:26
or at best, microfinance.
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这点让他们觉得很无聊
09:28
And they wanted to celebrate
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于是他们希望去
09:30
what's beautiful about Kibera and Mathare --
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发掘基贝拉和马沙雷好的一面
09:33
the photojournalists and the creatives,
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去发掘本地的摄影师、创意人士
09:35
the graffiti artists, the teachers and the entrepreneurs.
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街头艺术家、教师、企业家
09:38
And they're doing it.
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并且马上开始这么做
09:40
And my hat's off to you in Kibera.
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我在这里要向他们表示尊敬
09:43
My own work focuses
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我的工作主要是围绕着
09:45
on making philanthropy more effective
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如何使得慈善更加有效
09:48
and capitalism more inclusive.
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以及如何使得资本主义更加包容来展开的
09:51
At Acumen Fund, we take philanthropic resources
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我们Acumen Fund做的就是寻找慈善资源
09:54
and we invest what we call patient capital --
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而后将其作为耐心资本进行投资
09:56
money that will invest in entrepreneurs who see the poor
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我们通常会给那些
09:59
not as passive recipients of charity,
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有远见，将穷人看成是变革之先锋
10:01
but as full-bodied agents of change
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而非被动的接受慈善捐助的企业家
10:03
who want to solve their own problems
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他们也希望解决自己的问题
10:05
and make their own decisions.
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以及做出自己的决定
10:07
We leave our money for 10 to 15 years,
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我们的投资周期为10到15年
10:09
and when we get it back, we invest in other innovations
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到了周期我们收回投资时，就会将其投到其他的创新项目里
10:11
that focus on change.
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并且我们关注的都是能够带来变革的项目
10:13
I know it works.
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我知道这样的模式是行得通的
10:15
We've invested more than 50 million dollars in 50 companies,
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我们已经为超过50家公司投资了五千万美元的资本
10:18
and those companies have brought another 200 million dollars
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而这些公司则创造了两亿的经济效益
10:21
into these forgotten markets.
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并且受益的是那些被大多数人遗忘的市场
10:23
This year alone, they've delivered 40 million services
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单是今年，他们就提供了四千万的服务
10:26
like maternal health care and housing,
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有孕妇医疗服务、住房
10:28
emergency services, solar energy,
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紧急救援、太阳能装置等
10:31
so that people can have more dignity
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人们享受到这些便利之余
10:33
in solving their problems.
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也有了更大的信心去解决他们自身的问题
10:36
Patient capital is uncomfortable
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对于那些期待短期回报的人而言
10:38
for people searching for simple solutions,
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耐心资本投资是很难想象的一个事情
10:40
easy categories,
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因为我们这些投资的首要目的
10:42
because we don't see profit as a blunt instrument.
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不是为了单纯的赚钱
10:45
But we find those entrepreneurs
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我们看到了很多的企业家
10:47
who put people and the planet
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他们把人以及地球
10:49
before profit.
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放在了追逐利益之前
10:51
And ultimately, we want to be part of a movement
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并且我们希望最终也能成为
10:54
that is about measuring impact,
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旨在衡量企业社会影响的运动的一部分
10:56
measuring what is most important to us.
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这一运动的核心是重新去考量那些对我们真正重要的东西
10:59
And my dream is we'll have a world one day
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我的梦想是，有朝一日
11:02
where we don't just honor those who take money
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我们不仅仅是赞扬那些获得我们的投资
11:04
and make more money from it,
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并且基于那笔投资而创造更多财富的人
11:06
but we find those individuals who take our resources
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而且还包括那些从我们这里获得了资源
11:09
and convert it into changing the world
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而后将其变成一种
11:11
in the most positive ways.
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让世界变好的东西的人
11:13
And it's only when we honor them
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只有当我们去赞美那些人
11:15
and celebrate them and give them status
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给予他们认可和尊重的时候
11:17
that the world will really change.
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这个世界才会发生真正的改变
11:20
Last May I had this extraordinary 24-hour period
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去年5月，有那么一天
11:23
where I saw two visions of the world
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我经历了关于世界的两种截然相反的态度并立出现
11:25
living side-by-side --
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在我的面前
11:27
one based on violence
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其一是基于暴力的
11:29
and the other on transcendence.
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另外一个是基于超越和友爱的
11:31
I happened to be in Lahore, Pakistan
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那时我在巴基斯坦的拉哈尔市
11:33
on the day that two mosques were attacked
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那天有两座清真寺
11:35
by suicide bombers.
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被自杀爆炸者袭击
11:37
And the reason these mosques were attacked
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而之所以会遭到袭击
11:39
is because the people praying inside
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是因为那些在里面祈祷的人是
11:41
were from a particular sect of Islam
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来自于另外一个伊斯兰的教派
11:43
who fundamentalists don't believe are fully Muslim.
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该教派在极端伊斯兰分子看来并不完全是穆斯林
11:46
And not only did those suicide bombers
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那次的袭击不仅仅让
11:48
take a hundred lives,
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数百人丧命
11:50
but they did more,
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而且还带来了
11:52
because they created more hatred, more rage, more fear
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更多的仇恨、愤怒以及恐惧
11:55
and certainly despair.
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当然，还有绝望
11:58
But less than 24 hours,
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但是在24小时之内
12:00
I was 13 miles away from those mosques,
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我在13公里以外的另外一个清真寺里
12:03
visiting one of our Acumen investees,
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走访Acumen的一位投资对象
12:05
an incredible man, Jawad Aslam,
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他是一位非常杰出的人，叫Jawad Aslam
12:07
who dares to live a life of immersion.
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他敢于过一种沉浸的人生
12:10
Born and raised in Baltimore,
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他出生在巴尔的摩
12:12
he studied real estate, worked in commercial real estate,
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学习过房地产并且曾在房地产行业工作
12:15
and after 9/11 decided he was going to Pakistan to make a difference.
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911之后，他去了巴基斯坦，希望带来一些改变
12:18
For two years, he hardly made any money, a tiny stipend,
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有两年的时间，他几乎没有赚到任何的金钱，只是靠微小的补贴过日
12:21
but he apprenticed with this incredible housing developer
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那个时期，他在给一位杰出的房屋开发商
12:24
named Tasneem Saddiqui.
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叫Tasneem Saddiqui作助手
12:27
And he had a dream that he would build a housing community
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他当时有个想法，就是希望能够在这块贫瘠的土地上建造
12:29
on this barren piece of land
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一个居住社区
12:31
using patient capital,
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并且是借由耐心资本的协助
12:33
but he continued to pay a price.
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但是他却一直为此而付出代价
12:35
He stood on moral ground
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他是站在了一个道德的平台上
12:37
and refused to pay bribes.
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不去向任何人行贿
12:39
It took almost two years just to register the land.
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花了两年的时间才落实了土地权
12:42
But I saw how the level of moral standard can rise
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但是我从他身上
12:45
from one person's action.
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看到了道德的标准如何会被提高
12:48
Today, 2,000 people live in 300 houses
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今天，这个区域有2000多人居住在
12:51
in this beautiful community.
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他建造的300多座房子里
12:53
And there's schools and clinics and shops.
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还有学校以及诊所、商店等
12:56
But there's only one mosque.
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但只有一座清真寺
12:58
And so I asked Jawad,
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我就问Jawad
13:00
"How do you guys navigate? This is a really diverse community.
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“你们平时是怎么协调的？这是很多元的一个社区啊
13:03
Who gets to use the mosque on Fridays?"
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清真寺归谁用呢？”
13:05
He said, "Long story.
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他说，“说来话长
13:07
It was hard, it was a difficult road,
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过程非常艰难
13:10
but ultimately the leaders of the community came together,
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但到最后，社区的领袖走到一起
13:13
realizing we only have each other.
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他们意识到他们有的只是彼此
13:16
And we decided that we would elect
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于是就从该地的三个派系分别
13:18
the three most respected imams,
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选出最值得尊重的阿訇
13:20
and those imams would take turns,
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这三位阿訇就会轮流的
13:22
they would rotate who would say Friday prayer.
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举行周五祈祷活动
13:24
But the whole community,
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在祈祷活动上，所有这个社区的人
13:26
all the different sects, including Shi'a and Sunni,
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不管是属于哪个派系，什叶派或逊尼派
13:29
would sit together and pray."
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都可以坐在一起，一同祈祷”
13:32
We need that kind of moral leadership and courage
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我们正需要那样的道德领袖以及勇气
13:34
in our worlds.
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在我们这个世界上
13:36
We face huge issues as a world --
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我们正在面临着非常严峻的问题
13:39
the financial crisis,
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例如金融危机
13:41
global warming
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全球变暖
13:43
and this growing sense of fear and otherness.
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还有就是越来越强烈的恐惧以及排他感
13:46
And every day we have a choice.
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但是，每一天，我们都有选择
13:49
We can take the easier road,
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我们可以选择一条容易的路
13:51
the more cynical road,
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或者说是更为愤世嫉俗的路
13:53
which is a road based on
345
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这一条路
13:55
sometimes dreams of a past that never really was,
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通常是基于一些过往的未曾实现过的梦想
13:58
a fear of each other,
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或者是一种对他人的恐惧
14:01
distancing and blame.
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疏远或责备
14:03
Or we can take the much more difficult path
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我们也可以选择更为困难的道路
14:06
of transformation, transcendence,
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一种改变、超越的道路
14:08
compassion and love,
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一种基于慈悲和爱的道路
14:10
but also accountability and justice.
352
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一种基于承担责任以及维护正义的道路
14:14
I had the great honor
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我曾与心理学家博士罗伯特·科里斯
14:16
of working with the child psychologist Dr. Robert Coles,
354
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一道工作过
14:19
who stood up for change
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他在民权运动期间
14:21
during the Civil Rights movement in the United States.
356
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就奋起要实现改变
14:24
And he tells this incredible story
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他给我讲过一个非常震撼的故事
14:26
about working with a little six-year-old girl named Ruby Bridges,
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讲的是一个6岁的女孩，叫Ruby Bridges
14:29
the first child to desegregate schools in the South --
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她是第一个在南部进入非隔离学校上学的
14:32
in this case, New Orleans.
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具体是新奥尔良州
14:34
And he said that every day
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他说，每天
14:36
this six-year-old, dressed in her beautiful dress,
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这个6岁的女孩都会穿上美丽的衣服
14:38
would walk with real grace
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走得也特别的神气
14:40
through a phalanx of white people
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走在一大堆白人中间
14:43
screaming angrily, calling her a monster,
365
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他们会大声尖叫，说她是一个魔鬼
14:45
threatening to poison her --
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并且还威胁说会毒害她
14:47
distorted faces.
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使她毁容
14:49
And every day he would watch her,
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罗伯特则每天看着她
14:51
and it looked like she was talking to the people.
369
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她好像在跟别人说话
14:53
And he would say, "Ruby, what are you saying?"
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他就会问，“Ruby, 你说了些什么？”
14:55
And she'd say, "I'm not talking."
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她就会回答说；“我没有在说话”
14:57
And finally he said, "Ruby, I see that you're talking.
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他最后忍不住，说，“Ruby，我确实看到你说话了
14:59
What are you saying?"
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你到底在说什么？”
15:01
And she said, "Dr. Coles, I am not talking;
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她就说：“科里斯先生，我没有在说话
15:03
I'm praying."
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我只是在祈祷。”
15:05
And he said, "Well, what are you praying?"
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“那你在祈祷什么？”
15:08
And she said, "I'm praying, 'Father, forgive them,
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“我祈祷上帝可以原谅他们
15:10
for they know not what they are doing.'"
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因为他们不知道自己在做什么。”
15:13
At age six,
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那时她才6岁
15:15
this child was living a life of immersion,
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就已经在过一种沉浸的生活了
15:18
and her family paid a price for it.
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当然，她的家庭为此付出了很多
15:20
But she became part of history
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但是她也成为了历史的一部分
15:22
and opened up this idea
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并且让我们想到
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that all of us should have access to education.
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我们每一个人都应当有权利接受教育
15:29
My final story is about a young, beautiful man
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最后一个故事讲的是一位年轻的男子
15:31
named Josephat Byaruhanga,
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他叫Josephat Byruhanga
15:33
who was another Acumen Fund fellow,
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他也是一位Acumen Fund的伙伴
15:35
who hails from Uganda, a farming community.
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他住在乌干达农村
15:38
And we placed him in a company in Western Kenya,
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我们把他带到200英里以外的一个公司
15:41
just 200 miles away.
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那家公司在肯尼亚西部
15:43
And he said to me at the end of his year,
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年底的时候他跟我说
15:46
"Jacqueline, it was so humbling,
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“贾桂林，我觉得实在是太荣幸了
15:48
because I thought as a farmer and as an African
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因为我觉得作为一位在非洲的农民
15:51
I would understand how to transcend culture.
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我该学会怎么去超越我们的文化
15:53
But especially when I was talking to the African women,
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特别是当我在跟非洲的女性谈话的时候
15:56
I sometimes made these mistakes --
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我有时候会犯这样的错误
15:58
it was so hard for me to learn how to listen."
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有时候要学会倾听好像挺困难的”
16:00
And he said, "So I conclude that, in many ways,
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他说，“于是我想
16:02
leadership is like a panicle of rice.
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领导力其实就像一个稻穗
16:05
Because at the height of the season,
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到成熟的季节
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at the height of its powers,
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稻子长得最好的时候
16:09
it's beautiful, it's green, it nourishes the world,
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那是非常的美、非常的绿，稻子养活了世界
16:12
it reaches to the heavens."
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它会朝向天际
16:14
And he said, "But right before the harvest,
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但是一到收割的季节
16:17
it bends over
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它就会弯下来
16:19
with great gratitude and humility
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让你感到似乎有一种感激之心以及一种谦卑之心
16:21
to touch the earth from where it came."
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去抚摸土地”
16:25
We need leaders.
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我们需要领袖
16:27
We ourselves need to lead
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我们自己也需要成为领袖
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from a place that has the audacity
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我们需要有那样的勇气
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to believe we can, ourselves,
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去相信我们可以
16:34
extend the fundamental assumption
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把“人人生来平等”
16:36
that all men are created equal
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的信念传递给每一个人
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to every man, woman and child on this planet.
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传递给这个地球上每一位男人、女人和孩子
16:42
And we need to have the humility to recognize
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同时我们也需要有一颗谦卑的心
16:45
that we cannot do it alone.
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要认识到单靠我们自身的力量还无法完成此伟业
16:48
Robert Kennedy once said
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罗伯特·肯尼迪曾说
16:50
that "few of us have the greatness to bend history itself,
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“只有少数的人能够影响历史
16:53
but each of us can work
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但是我们每一个人都能
16:56
to change a small portion of events."
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改变历史进程中的每一小步
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And it is in the total of all those acts
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当这些改变加起来的时候
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that the history of this generation will be written.
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我们的历史就是这么写成的。”
17:05
Our lives are so short,
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我们的生命是如此短暂
17:08
and our time on this planet
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我们能够活在这个星球上
17:10
is so precious,
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是如此的可贵
17:12
and all we have is each other.
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我们所拥有的，其实就是我们彼此
17:15
So may each of you
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希望你们每一个人
17:17
live lives of immersion.
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都能过一种沉浸的生活
17:20
They won't necessarily be easy lives,
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这样的生活也许并不容易
17:23
but in the end, it is all that will sustain us.
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但是到最后，正是这样的生活才会让我们走下去
17:27
Thank you.
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谢谢大家。
17:29
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jacqueline Novogratz - Investor and advocate for moral leadershipJacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty.
Why you should listen
Jacqueline Novogratz writes: "I want to build a movement in which we define success based on the amount of human energy we release in the world.
"I started my career on Wall Street and soon discovered that markets are efficient, but by themselves they too often overlook or exploit the poor. So I moved to Rwanda in 1986 to help found the country’s first micro-finance bank. There I saw the humanitarian ethos of philanthropy, and also how often top-down solutions too often create dependency, the opposite of dignity. Through 30 years of working on solutions to poverty, I have come to redefine it for myself, seeing it not as how much income a person earns, but how free they are to make their own choices and decisions, how much agency they have over their own lives.
Acumen was founded to change the way the world tackles poverty in 2001. Our mission was simple – to raise philanthropy and invest it as patient capital – long-term investment in intrepid entrepreneurs willing to go where markets and government had failed the poor. We enable companies to experiment and fail, never wavering from a commitment to stand with the poor, yet understanding that profitability is necessary for sustainable solutions. We’ve invested more than $110M across South Asia, Africa, Latin America and the US, and have seen entire sectors disrupted and hundreds of millions served.
The work also taught that it was critical to invest in talent. To date, we’ve supported nearly 400 Acumen Fellows across lines of race, class, ethnicity, religion and ideology. They are a beautiful group, full of vision and grit, and a determination to do what is right, not easy. The group itself enables individual leaders to endure the loneliness that is part of the work.
And then we measure what matters rather than just what we can count. Take this all together and you see our mission to do what it takes to build a world in which all of us have the chance to dream and to flourish, not from a place of easy sentimentality but through a commitment to using the tools of capitalism and the attributes of moral leadership to focus on doing what it takes, and no less.
Jacqueline Novogratz | Speaker | TED.com