TED2005
Frans Lanting: The story of life in photographs
弗兰斯.兰廷的大自然写意
Filmed:
Readability: 4.3
2,080,417 views
在这个非常棒的幻灯片里，著名自然摄像师弗兰斯.兰廷展示了“生命”工程，通过一系列诗意般的图片讲述了我们的星球，从最开始的大爆炸到现在的多样化。录音：菲利普.格拉斯
Frans Lanting - Nature photographer
Frans Lanting is one of the greatest nature photographers of our time. His work has been featured in National Geographic, Audubon andTime, as well as numerous award-winning books. Lanting's recent exhibition, The LIFE Project, offers a lyrical interpretation of the history of life on Earth. Full bio
Frans Lanting is one of the greatest nature photographers of our time. His work has been featured in National Geographic, Audubon andTime, as well as numerous award-winning books. Lanting's recent exhibition, The LIFE Project, offers a lyrical interpretation of the history of life on Earth. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:25
Nature's my muse and it's been my passion.
0
0
3000
自然是我的缪斯，也一直是我的激情所在。
00:28
As a photographer for National Geographic, I've portrayed it for many.
1
3000
6000
作为国家地理的一名摄影师，我对它进行了很多的描绘。
00:34
But five years ago, I went on a personal journey.
2
9000
4000
五年前我进行了一次私人旅行。
00:38
I wanted to visualize the story of life.
3
13000
5000
我想描绘生活中的故事。
00:43
It's the hardest thing I've ever attempted,
4
18000
2000
这是我遇到过最困难的事情，
00:45
and there have been plenty of times when I felt like backing out.
5
20000
5000
有很多次我都想打退堂鼓了。
00:50
But there were also revelations.
6
25000
2000
但我也得到了一些启示。
00:52
And one of those I'd like to share with you today.
7
27000
5000
今天我就想和你分享其中的一个。
00:57
I went down to a remote lagoon in Australia, hoping to see the Earth
8
32000
7000
我去了澳大利亚一个遥远的咸水湖，希望看到地球
01:04
the way it was three billion years ago,
9
39000
2000
三十亿年以前的样子。
01:06
back before the sky turned blue.
10
41000
4000
回到之前天空还是蓝色的日子。
01:11
There's stromatolites down there --
11
46000
3000
那里有叠层石
01:14
the first living things to capture photosynthesis --
12
49000
4000
第一种进行光合作用的生物
01:18
and it's the only place they still occur today.
13
53000
5000
也是现在仅存的一处。
01:23
Going down there was like entering a time capsule,
14
58000
5000
走向那里就像是进入了时间胶囊，
01:28
and I came out with a different sense of myself in time.
15
63000
6000
当我出来时时间感完全不一样了。
01:34
The oxygen exhaled by those stromatolites
16
69000
5000
叠层石所散发出的氧气
01:39
is what we all breathe today.
17
74000
3000
正是我们今天所呼吸的。
01:43
Stromatolites are the heroes in my story.
18
78000
4000
叠层石是我故事里的英雄。
01:47
I hope it's a story that has some resonance for our time.
19
82000
5000
我希望这个故事在今天也能引起一些共鸣。
01:52
It's a story about you and me, nature and science.
20
87000
4000
这是一个关于你和我，自然和科学的故事。
01:57
And with that said, I'd like to invite you for
21
92000
4000
正如上所说，我很乐意邀请你
02:02
a short, brief journey of life through time.
22
97000
5000
来一次简短的时间旅行。
02:25
Our journey starts in space, where matter condenses into spheres over time ...
23
120000
3000
我们的旅行是从太空开始的，在那里随着时间的流逝物质浓缩成了球体。
02:33
solidifying into surface, molded by fire.
24
128000
3000
凝固成表面，被火改造成各种形状。
02:46
The fire gave way, Earth emerged -- but this was an alien planet.
25
141000
7000
当火退去时，地球显露出来-但这时还像是一个外星球。
02:57
The moon was closer; things were different.
26
152000
4000
月亮离我们更近，所有的东西和现在都不一样。
03:02
Heat from within made geysers erupt -- that is how the oceans were born.
27
157000
8000
地底的热气使得间歇泉喷涌而出-海洋就这样形成了。
03:15
Water froze around the poles and shaped the edges of the Earth.
28
170000
8000
水在两极附近冻结，形成了地球的边界。
03:29
Water is the key to life, but in frozen form, it is a latent force.
29
184000
7000
水是生命的关键，即使是处于冰冻状态，也是一种潜在的力量。
03:36
And when it vanishes, Earth becomes Mars.
30
191000
8000
而一旦它蒸发了，地球就变成如火星般。
03:48
But this planet is different -- it's roiling inside.
31
203000
3000
但这个星球与众不同之处就在于，它的内部是运动的。
03:55
And where that energy touches water, something new emerges: life.
32
210000
6000
在那里能量遇到水，生命就由此产生了。
04:01
It arises around cracks in the Earth.
33
216000
4000
它上升并包围了地球。
04:05
Mud and minerals become substrate; there are bacteria.
34
220000
7000
泥土和矿石垫在最底下，那里有细菌。
04:13
Learn to multiply, thickening in places ...
35
228000
10000
它们学着繁殖，在那里慢慢变厚。
04:23
Growing living structures under an alien sky ...
36
238000
4000
生命结构就在外星空下形成了。
04:32
Stromatolites were the first to exhale oxygen.
37
247000
3000
叠层石是最先释放氧气的。
04:40
And they changed the atmosphere.
38
255000
3000
它们改变了大气层。
04:43
A breath that's fossilized now as iron.
39
258000
4000
有些就被成为了铁矿石。
04:51
Meteorites delivered chemistry, and perhaps membranes, too.
40
266000
5000
陨石释放出化学物质，或许还有薄膜。
04:57
Life needs a membrane to contain itself
41
272000
4000
生命需要有东西来承载自己
05:02
so it can replicate and mutate.
42
277000
7000
这样它才能复制和变异。
05:09
These are diatoms, single-celled phytoplankton
43
284000
9000
这里面有硅藻类，一种单细胞浮游生物
05:18
with skeletons of silicon ...
44
293000
3000
它们有着硅质的骨骼。
05:21
circuit boards of the future.
45
296000
2000
这就是未来的电路板。
05:27
Shallow seas nurtured life early on, and that's where it morphed
46
302000
8000
浅滩更早的孕育了生命，在这里
05:35
into more complex forms.
47
310000
4000
它们变异成为更高级的形式。
05:40
It grew as light and oxygen increased.
48
315000
4000
随着光和氧气的增多它们不断成长。
05:48
Life hardened and became defensive.
49
323000
3000
生命变得坚强起来而且具有了攻击性。
05:55
It learned to move and began to see. The first eyes grew on trilobites.
50
330000
10000
它开始学着移动和观看。三叶虫最早长出眼睛。
06:10
Vision was refined in horseshoe crabs,
51
345000
4000
视界也被重新定义随着马蹄蟹
06:14
among the first to leave the sea.
52
349000
4000
第一个离开大海。
06:19
They still do what they've done for ages, their enemies long gone.
53
354000
7000
虽然它们依旧做着千百年来一直做着的事，但它们的敌人早已不复存在。
06:26
Scorpions follow prey out of the sea. Slugs became snails.
54
361000
7000
蝎子跟随它们的猎物离开大海，蛞蝓变成了蜗牛。
06:33
Fish tried amphibian life. Frogs adapted to deserts.
55
368000
9000
鱼开始尝试两栖生活。青蛙也适应了干旱的气候。
06:43
Lichens arose as a co-op. Fungi married algae ...
56
378000
5000
地衣连成一片。菌类和水藻一起生长。
06:48
clinging to rock, and eating it too ... transforming barren land.
57
383000
8000
它们依附在岩石上，也以此为食。改善着贫瘠的土地。
07:00
True land plants arose, leafless at first.
58
395000
2000
真正的陆上植物开始产生，首先是裸子植物。
07:06
Once they learn how to stay upright, they grew in size and shape.
59
401000
5000
一旦它们知道如何生长，它们就长得更高更大。
07:12
The fundamental forms of ferns followed,
60
407000
4000
其次是基本形式的蕨类
07:20
to bear spores that foreshadowed seeds.
61
415000
4000
产生孢子，这是预示种子。
07:24
Life flourished in swamps.
62
419000
3000
生命在沼泽里繁荣起来。
07:28
On land, life turned a corner. Jaws formed first; teeth came later.
63
423000
8000
在陆地上，生命也有了转变。最开始是长出颚，接着是牙齿。
07:36
Leatherbacks and tuataras are echoes from that era.
64
431000
5000
大海龟和大蜥蜴就是那个时代的产物。
07:45
It took time for life to break away from water,
65
440000
4000
它们花费了毕生的时间来离开水，
07:49
and it still beckons all the time.
66
444000
4000
但一直未能如愿。
07:53
Life turned hard so it could venture inland.
67
448000
4000
生活变得艰难起来所以才到内陆冒险
08:01
And the dragons that arose are still among us today.
68
456000
4000
那时候崛起的恐龙现在仍在我们中间。
08:20
Jurassic Park still shimmers in part of Madagascar,
69
475000
4000
侏罗纪公园仍然闪烁着生命的光芒在马达加斯加局部
08:25
and the center of Brazil,
70
480000
3000
和巴西的中心。
08:29
where plants called "cycads" remain rock hard.
71
484000
4000
而苏铁依然顽强的存活到今天
08:40
Forests arose and nurtured things with wings.
72
495000
3000
森林产生并孕育出生有双翼的东西。
08:49
One early form left an imprint, like it died only yesterday.
73
504000
5000
一个早期的形式留下了印记，好像昨天才去世。
08:55
And others fly today like echoes of the past.
74
510000
5000
今天和其他人一样飞过去的回声。
09:01
In birds, life gained new mobility.
75
516000
3000
鸟类中，生活有了新的流动性。
09:13
Flamingos covered continents. Migrations got underway.
76
528000
6000
火烈鸟遍布各大洲。它们开始远途迁徙。
09:24
Birds witnessed the emergence of flowering plants.
77
539000
4000
鸟类见证了开花植物的出现。
09:29
Water lilies were among the first.
78
544000
4000
睡莲是第一批。
09:38
Plants began to diversify and grew, turning into trees.
79
553000
7000
植物开始多样化和增长，变成树木。
09:49
In Australia, a lily turned into a grass tree,
80
564000
4000
在澳大利亚，百合变成了草本植物，
09:58
and in Hawaii, a daisy became a silver sword.
81
573000
4000
而在夏威夷，菊花成为银剑。
10:07
In Africa, Gondwana molded Proteas.
82
582000
2000
在非洲，山龙眼在冈瓦那大陆出现。
10:13
But when that ancient continent broke up, life got lusher.
83
588000
6000
但是，当这一古老的大陆解体，生命变得更加繁盛。
10:19
Tropical rainforests arose, sparking new layers of interdependence.
84
594000
8000
热带雨林产生，引发新层次的相互依存关系。
10:28
Fungi multiplied. Orchids emerged, genitalia shaped to lure insects ...
85
603000
12000
真菌成倍增加。兰花的出现，外生殖器形成用来吸引昆虫。
10:43
a trick shared by the largest flower on Earth.
86
618000
4000
也是地球上最大的花惯用的一个手法。
10:50
Co-evolution entwined insects and birds and plants forever.
87
625000
4000
昆虫，鸟类和植物永远协同进化。
11:01
When birds can't fly, they become vulnerable.
88
636000
3000
当鸟不能飞，他们变得脆弱。
11:05
Kiwis are, and so are these hawks trapped near Antarctica.
89
640000
5000
鹬鸵和这些鹰因此被困南极洲。
11:14
Extinction can come slowly, but sometimes it arrives fast.
90
649000
7000
消亡有时很缓慢，但有时却来得很快。
11:22
An asteroid hits, and the world went down in flames.
91
657000
4000
当小行星撞上来，整个世界陷入火海。
11:28
But there were witnesses, survivors in the dark.
92
663000
4000
但也有证人，幸存者在黑暗中。
11:37
When the skies cleared, a new world was born.
93
672000
4000
当天空开朗，一个新的世界诞生了。
11:44
A world fit for mammals. From tiny shrews [came]
94
679000
7000
一个适合的哺乳动物。从小型的鼩，
11:51
tenrecs, accustomed to the dark.
95
686000
3000
马岛猬习惯于黑暗。
11:55
New forms became bats. Civets.
96
690000
6000
新形式成为蝙蝠。果子狸。
12:05
New predators, hyenas, getting faster and faster still.
97
700000
6000
他们新的天敌，鬣狗跑得也是越来越快。
12:17
Grasslands created opportunities.
98
712000
2000
草原创造了机会。
12:23
Herd safety came with sharpened senses.
99
718000
2000
羊群为了安全生就了敏锐的感官。
12:28
Growing big was another answer, but size always comes at a price.
100
723000
7000
变得越来越大是另外一个答案，但规模一直是要付出代价的。
12:41
Some mammals turned back to water.
101
736000
2000
一些哺乳动物又回到水中。
12:45
Walruses adapted with layers of fat. Sea lions got sleek.
102
740000
6000
海象长出了几层脂肪。海狮变得浑身圆滑。
12:55
And cetaceans moved into a world without bounds.
103
750000
3000
鲸目动物已无物可敌。
13:03
There are many ways to be a mammal. A 'roo hops in Oz;
104
758000
5000
有很多方法变成哺乳动物。一头袋鼠在澳洲蹦跳。
13:11
a horse runs in Asia; and a wolf evolves stilt legs in Brazil.
105
766000
7000
马出现在亚洲，而狼在巴西变成了细长腿。
13:27
Primates emerge from jungles, as tarsiers first,
106
782000
4000
灵长目动物摆脱了丛林，眼镜猴是第一个，
13:36
becoming lemurs not much later.
107
791000
2000
狐猴不久也出来了。
13:41
Learning became reinforced. Bands of apes ventured into the open.
108
796000
6000
学习能力变得更强。一群猿冒险进入了开放地带。
13:49
And forests dried out once more. Going upright became a lifestyle.
109
804000
7000
森林不断地干涸。往上发展成为一种生活方式。
13:59
So who are we? Brothers of masculine chimps,
110
814000
3000
那我们又是谁？男性黑猩猩兄弟。
14:05
sisters of feminine bonobos? We are all of them, and more.
111
820000
6000
女性倭黑猩猩的姐妹。我们就是从它们发展来的，可能还有更多的来源。
14:14
We're molded by the same life force.
112
829000
2000
我们都是被同样的生命力所塑造。
14:21
The blood veins in our hands
113
836000
1000
静脉血液在我们的手中
14:26
echoed a course of water traces on the Earth.
114
841000
3000
就像水在地球上的流过的痕迹。
14:31
And our brains -- our celebrated brains --
115
846000
2000
我们的大脑-我们著名的大脑-
14:35
reflect a drainage of a tidal marsh.
116
850000
2000
反映了潮汐沼泽的水系。
14:39
Life is a force in its own right. It is a new element.
117
854000
5000
生活是一种能支配自我的力量。这是一个新的因素。
14:47
And it has altered the Earth. It covers Earth like a skin.
118
862000
8000
它改变了地球。它涵盖地球一样的皮肤。
14:59
And where it doesn't, as in Greenland in winter,
119
874000
3000
在生命没有触及的地方，比如冬季里的格陵兰岛，
15:04
Mars is still not very far.
120
879000
2000
那里的景象与火星也相去不远。
15:09
But that likelihood fades as long as ice melts again.
121
884000
3000
但是，这很可能消失，只要冰融化了。
15:14
And where water is liquid, it becomes a womb
122
889000
2000
当水变成液体时，它成为一个子宫。
15:18
for cells green with chlorophyll -- and that molecular marvel
123
893000
5000
细胞因为有了叶绿素变成绿色-这个分子的奇迹在于
15:24
is what's made a difference -- it powers everything.
124
899000
2000
它改变了一切。它是一切的动力。
15:31
The whole animal world today lives on a stockpile
125
906000
3000
现在的整个世界的动物生活在细菌库里，
15:35
of bacterial oxygen that is cycled constantly
126
910000
3000
在这里氧气能通过植物和藻类不断地循环，
15:38
through plants and algae, and their waste is our breath,
127
913000
4000
它们消耗的正是我们呼出的东西，
15:43
and vice versa.
128
918000
1000
反之亦然
15:47
This Earth is alive, and it's made its own membrane.
129
922000
3000
地球是有生命的，它作出了自己的膜。
15:52
We call it "atmosphere." This is the icon of our journey.
130
927000
8000
我们称它为大气圈。这是我们这一旅程的标记。
16:02
And you all here today can imagine and will shape where we go next.
131
937000
8000
今天在这里大家可以想像，并将形成我们下一个要的地方。
16:10
(Applause)
132
945000
6000
（鼓掌）
16:16
Thank you. Thank you.
133
951000
2000
谢谢。谢谢。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Frans Lanting - Nature photographerFrans Lanting is one of the greatest nature photographers of our time. His work has been featured in National Geographic, Audubon andTime, as well as numerous award-winning books. Lanting's recent exhibition, The LIFE Project, offers a lyrical interpretation of the history of life on Earth.
Why you should listen
In the pursuit of his work, Frans Lanting has lived in the trees with wild macaws, camped with giant tortoises inside a volcanic crater, and documented never-before-photographed wildlife and tribal traditions in Madagascar. The Dutch-born, California-based photographer has traveled to Botswana's Okavango Delta, the rain forests of Borneo and the home of emperor penguins in Antarctica.
The resulting photographs -- staggering in their beauty, startling in their originality -- have brought much-needed attention to endangered species and ecological crises throughout the world. In 2001, HRH Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands inducted Lanting as a Knight in the Royal Order of the Golden Ark, the country's highest conservation honor -- just one of many honors he has received throughout his illustrious career.
Frans Lanting | Speaker | TED.com