TED2019
Claudia Miner: A new way to get every child ready for kindergarten
克劳迪娅 · 米纳: 让每个孩子都准备好上幼儿园的新方法
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Readability: 4.1
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早期教育对儿童的成功至关重要——但美国仍有数百万儿童无法获得学前教育。这对他们在幼儿园及随后的发展是不利的。”伊始“（UPSTART）项目旨在将学龄前教育带入服务欠缺社区的儿童家庭，并且不收取任何费用。教育创新者克劳迪娅·米纳（Claudia Miner）分享了”伊始“如何帮助四岁儿童获得教育，每天仅花费15分钟——以及您能如何提供帮助。（这项伟大的计划是“”大胆项目“的一部分，该计划旨在激励和资助全球变革）
Claudia Miner - Early education innovator
As the cofounder and executive director of Waterford UPSTART, Claudia Miner has one goal: to help families overcome barriers and prepare their children for lifelong learning. Full bio
As the cofounder and executive director of Waterford UPSTART, Claudia Miner has one goal: to help families overcome barriers and prepare their children for lifelong learning. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm an historian.
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我是一名历史学家。
我之所以热爱这份工作，
是因为历史使人明智。
是因为历史使人明智。
00:14
And what I love about being an historian
is it gives you perspective.
is it gives you perspective.
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00:18
Today, I'd like to bring that perspective
to education in the United States.
to education in the United States.
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今天，我想把这份智慧
献给美国的教育事业。
献给美国的教育事业。
00:23
About the only thing people can agree on
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众所周知，
儿童开始接受教育的最佳时期
00:26
is that the most strategic time
for a child to start learning
for a child to start learning
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是学龄前。
00:30
is early.
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五十年以前，
00:31
Over 50 years ago,
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美国学龄前教育有一道分水岭，
00:33
there was a watershed moment
in early education in the US
in early education in the US
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叫做“头脑启蒙”。
00:36
called "Head Start."
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00:38
Now, historians love watersheds
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历史学家喜欢分水岭。
因为分水岭让我们很容易
讨论它之前发生的事，
讨论它之前发生的事，
00:40
because it makes it so easy
to talk about what came before
to talk about what came before
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和它之后的事。
00:43
and what's happened since.
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00:45
Before Head Start, basically nothing.
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头脑启蒙之前，
什么都没有。
什么都没有。
00:48
With Head Start,
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头脑启蒙之后，
00:50
we began to get our nation's
most at-risk children ready for school.
most at-risk children ready for school.
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我们开始让大部分儿童
都接受了学前教育。
都接受了学前教育。
00:55
Since Head Start, we've made strides,
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从头脑启蒙开始，
我们取得了巨大的进步。
我们取得了巨大的进步。
00:58
but there are still
2.2 million children in the US
2.2 million children in the US
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但在美国仍然有220万儿童，
01:02
without access to early learning,
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也就是说，
有超过一半的四岁儿童，
有超过一半的四岁儿童，
01:04
or more than half of
the four-year-olds in the country.
the four-year-olds in the country.
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无缘学龄前教育。
01:08
That's a problem.
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这是个问题。
01:10
But the bigger problem is what we know
happens to those children.
happens to those children.
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但更大的问题是这些孩子们的前途。
01:14
At-risk children who reach school
without basic skills
without basic skills
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如果孩子们在进入校园之前，
缺乏基本技能，
缺乏基本技能，
01:17
are 25 percent more likely to drop out,
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那么他们中途辍学的
可能性增加25%，
可能性增加25%，
01:20
40 percent more likely
to become teen parents
to become teen parents
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青春期结婚生子的
可能性增加40%,
可能性增加40%,
01:23
and 60 percent less likely
to go to college.
to go to college.
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上大学的可能性下降60%。
01:27
So if we know how important
early education is,
early education is,
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那么既然我们知道
学龄前教育的重要性，
学龄前教育的重要性，
01:30
why aren't all children getting it?
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有什么理由不让所有孩子
都享受到学龄前教育？
都享受到学龄前教育？
01:33
There are barriers that the solutions
we've come up with to date
we've come up with to date
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我们今天提出的
解决方案并不完美，
解决方案并不完美，
并不能一劳永逸地
解决所有问题。
解决所有问题。
01:36
simply can't overcome.
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01:39
Geography: think rural and remote.
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地理问题：想一想农村和偏远地区。
01:42
Transportation: think
working parents everywhere.
working parents everywhere.
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交通问题：想一想四处奔波的父母。
01:46
Parent choice: no state requires
a four-year-old to go to school.
a four-year-old to go to school.
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父母的态度：
法律没有规定四岁孩子必须上学。
法律没有规定四岁孩子必须上学。
01:50
And cost: the average cost for a state
to educate a preschooler
to educate a preschooler
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金钱成本：
一个州学龄前教育的成本，
一个州学龄前教育的成本，
01:55
is five thousand dollars a year.
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平均是每人每年五千美金。
01:59
So am I just going
to keep talking about problems?
to keep talking about problems?
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那么我只会不断讲问题吗？
02:02
No.
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不会的。
今天，我想告诉大家一种
高性价比的学前教育，
高性价比的学前教育，
02:03
Today, I want to tell you about
a cost-effective, technology-delivered,
a cost-effective, technology-delivered,
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一种以科技为媒介、
足不出户的教育模式。
足不出户的教育模式。
02:08
kindergarten-readiness program
that can be done in the home.
that can be done in the home.
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它叫做“伊始”。
02:13
It's called UPSTART,
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在美国，已有超过六万名学龄前儿童
接受了这样的教育方式。
接受了这样的教育方式。
02:14
and more than 60,000 preschoolers
in the US have already used it.
in the US have already used it.
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02:19
Now, I know what you might be thinking:
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此刻，你们也许会想：
“又是一个想用科技解决
国家教育问题的人”。
国家教育问题的人”。
02:21
here's another person throwing tech
at a national problem.
at a national problem.
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02:26
And you'd be partially right.
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你们只说对了一半。
02:28
We develop early learning software
designed to individualize instruction,
designed to individualize instruction,
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我们为早教软件设计了
个性化教学功能，
个性化教学功能，
02:33
so children can learn at their own pace.
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让孩子们可以
按照自己的节奏来学习。
按照自己的节奏来学习。
02:35
To do that, we rely on experts from fields
ranging from reading to sociology
ranging from reading to sociology
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为此，我们召集了
来自各行各业的专家，
来自各行各业的专家，
他们来自从阅读学到社会学，
从脑科学到早教的全体学科，
从脑科学到早教的全体学科，
02:41
to brain science development
to all aspects of early learning,
to all aspects of early learning,
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02:45
to tell us what the software
should do and look like.
should do and look like.
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一起为这款软件的
功能样式出谋划策。
功能样式出谋划策。
02:48
Here's an example.
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请看个案例。
02:50
(Video) Zero (sings
to the tune of "Day-O"): Zero!
to the tune of "Day-O"): Zero!
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（视频）
零：零！
零：零！
02:52
Zero!
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零！
02:56
Zero is the number
that's different from the others.
that's different from the others.
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零这个数字和其他数字完全不同。
03:00
Seagulls: Zero is a big, round "O."
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海鸥：零是一个大圆“O”。
03:03
Zero: It's not like one,
I'm sure you'll discover.
I'm sure you'll discover.
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零：它不像一，
我相信你看得出来。
我相信你看得出来。
03:07
Seagulls: Zero is a big, round "O."
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海鸥：零是一个大圆“O”。
03:11
(Laughter)
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（大笑）
03:12
Claudia Miner: That is "The Zero Song."
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Claudia Miner:
这就是“零之歌”。
这就是“零之歌”。
03:15
(Laughter)
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（大笑）
03:17
And here are Odd Todd and Even Steven
to teach you some things about numbers.
to teach you some things about numbers.
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还有基德陶德和中分史蒂芬
来教大家奇偶数。
来教大家奇偶数。
03:22
And here are the Word Birds,
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还有单词鸟，
03:23
and they're going to show you
when you blend letter sounds together,
when you blend letter sounds together,
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它们为你展示，
当你把字母连起来时，
当你把字母连起来时，
03:27
you can form words.
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你就得到了单词。
03:29
You can see that instruction
is short, colorful and catchy,
is short, colorful and catchy,
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这些短视频色彩鲜艳、朗朗上口，
03:33
designed to capture a child's attention.
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让孩子们目不转睛。
03:36
But there's another piece to UPSTART
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但是，“伊始”之所以高效，
03:39
that makes it different
and more effective.
and more effective.
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是因为它的另一个特点。
03:41
UPSTART puts parents in charge
of their children's education.
of their children's education.
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“伊始”让父母能够掌控孩子的教育。
03:46
We believe, with the right support,
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我们坚信，只要我们伸出援手，
03:49
all parents can get their children
ready for school.
ready for school.
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所有的父母都可以
让子女获得学前教育。
让子女获得学前教育。
03:55
Here's how it works.
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这是它的运作机理。
03:57
This is the kindergarten readiness
checklist from a state.
checklist from a state.
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这是某个州的
幼儿园入学技能检查表。
幼儿园入学技能检查表。
04:00
And almost every state has one.
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几乎每个州都有一张这种表。
04:02
We go to parents wherever they are,
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不论父母身在何处，
我们都派人去拜访。
我们都派人去拜访。
04:05
and we conduct a key
in-person group training.
in-person group training.
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我们为其进行面对面小组培训。
04:08
And we tell them the software can check
every reading, math and science box,
every reading, math and science box,
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我们会告诉他们，这款软件可以检查
所有的阅读、数学和科学作业。
所有的阅读、数学和科学作业。
04:14
but they're going to be responsible
for motor skills and self-help skills,
for motor skills and self-help skills,
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但是他们要负责运动技能和自理能力。
04:18
and together, we're going to work
on social emotional learning.
on social emotional learning.
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最后由我们和父母一起
培养孩子的社会情感学习能力。
培养孩子的社会情感学习能力。
04:22
Now, we know this is working
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目前，我们知道这有效果，
04:24
because we have a 90-percent
completion rate for the program.
completion rate for the program.
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因为这个项目的完成率是百分之九十。
04:27
Last year, that translated
into 13,500 children
into 13,500 children
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去年，一万三千五百名儿童
04:32
"graduating," with diplomas, from UPSTART.
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收获了“伊始”的毕业证书。
04:37
And the results have been amazing.
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教育的效果好极了。
04:40
We have an external evaluation
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我们的另外一项调查显示，
04:42
that shows our children
have two to three times the learning gains
have two to three times the learning gains
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我们这里孩子学知识的速度，
04:48
as children who don't
participate in the program.
participate in the program.
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是其他孩子的两到三倍。
04:51
We have a random control trial that shows
strong evidence of effectiveness,
strong evidence of effectiveness,
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我们有随机对照试验，
确保了实验有效。
确保了实验有效。
04:55
and we even have a longitudinal study
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我们甚至进行了长期跟踪调查，
04:58
that shows our children's gains
last into third and fourth grade,
last into third and fourth grade,
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发现孩子们收获的技能
一直持续到三到四年级，
一直持续到三到四年级，
05:01
the highest grades the children
had achieved at the time.
had achieved at the time.
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他们的成绩是同龄人中顶尖的。
05:05
Those are academic gains.
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这些都是学术成就。
05:07
But another study has shown
that our children's social emotional gains
that our children's social emotional gains
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但另一项研究发现，
我们训练过的孩子们
我们训练过的孩子们
与公立和私立学前班的孩子相比，
在社交情绪收益方面是持平的。
在社交情绪收益方面是持平的。
05:11
are equal to those of children
attending public and private preschool.
attending public and private preschool.
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05:16
The majority of the 60,000 children
who have participated in UPSTART to date
who have participated in UPSTART to date
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今天，参与了“伊始”的六万名孩子中，
05:21
have been from Utah.
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大多数来自犹他州。
05:22
But we have replicated our results
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但是我们也把成果带到了其他地方：
05:24
with African-American
children in Mississippi --
children in Mississippi --
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密西西比的非洲裔美籍儿童——
05:27
this is Kingston and his mother;
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这是金士顿和他的母亲；
05:30
with English language
learners in Arizona --
learners in Arizona --
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亚利桑那州的英语学习者——
05:32
this is Daisy and her family;
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这是戴西和她的家人；
05:35
with refugee children in Philadelphia --
this is my favorite graduation photo;
this is my favorite graduation photo;
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这是我最喜欢的一张毕业照——
来自费城的儿童难民；
来自费城的儿童难民；
05:41
and with Native American children
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还有一些非常偏远地区的
05:43
from some of the most remote
parts of the United States.
parts of the United States.
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美国土生土长的孩子们。
05:47
This is Cherise, and this is
where she lives in Monument Valley.
where she lives in Monument Valley.
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她叫谢丽丝，这是她在
纪念碑山谷的家。
纪念碑山谷的家。
05:52
Now, there are skeptics about UPSTART.
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有些人对“伊始”持怀疑态度。
05:55
Some people don't believe young children
should have screen time.
should have screen time.
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一些人觉得小孩子不应该
接触电子屏幕。
接触电子屏幕。
06:00
To them, we say:
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我们是这样回应的：
06:03
UPSTART's usage requirement
of 15 minutes a day, five days a week,
of 15 minutes a day, five days a week,
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孩子们每周五天，每天
花15分钟使用“伊始”，
花15分钟使用“伊始”，
06:07
is well within the hour-a-day recommended
by the American Academy of Pediatrics
by the American Academy of Pediatrics
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这完全符合美国儿科学会对4岁儿童
每天使用电子厂品不超过一小时
每天使用电子厂品不超过一小时
06:12
for four-year-olds.
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的建议。
06:14
Some people believe
only site-based preschool can work,
only site-based preschool can work,
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还有些人只相信实体幼儿园。
06:18
and to them, we say:
site-based preschool is great,
site-based preschool is great,
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我们是这样回应的：
虽然实体幼儿园的效果极佳，
虽然实体幼儿园的效果极佳，
06:22
but if you can't get a child there
or if a parent won't send a child there,
or if a parent won't send a child there,
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但是对于不能或者不愿意
把孩子送到实体幼儿园的父母，
把孩子送到实体幼儿园的父母，
06:27
isn't a technology-delivered,
results-based option a great alternative?
results-based option a great alternative?
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科学、务实的"伊始“，
难道不是一个绝佳的解决方案吗？
难道不是一个绝佳的解决方案吗？
06:34
And we love working
with site-based preschools.
with site-based preschools.
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同时我们也乐意与实体幼儿园合作。
06:37
Right now, there are
800 children in Mississippi
800 children in Mississippi
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目前，在密西西比州有800名孩子
06:40
going to Head Start during the day
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白天去上头脑启蒙学校，
06:42
and doing UPSTART at night
with their families.
with their families.
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晚上和家人一起接受”伊始“教育。
06:47
Our audacious idea is to take UPSTART
across the country --
across the country --
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我们的宏愿是让”伊始“
遍布整个美国——
遍布整个美国——
06:52
not to replace anything;
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不是做教育的替代品，
06:55
we want to serve children who otherwise
would not have access to early education.
would not have access to early education.
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而是让原本无缘接受早教
的孩子接受早教。
的孩子接受早教。
07:01
We have the guts to take on the skeptics,
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我们有勇气面对流言蜚语，
07:04
we have the energy to do the work,
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有能力去开展工作，
07:06
and we have a plan.
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也有完整的计划。
07:08
It is the role of the states
to educate their children.
to educate their children.
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教育孩子们是州政府的责任。
07:12
So first we will use philanthropy dollars
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所以我们首先用慈善基金，
07:15
to go into a state to pilot
the program and get data.
the program and get data.
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督促州政府推广”伊始“，获取数据。
07:19
Every state believes it's unique
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每个州政府都认为自己的情况特殊，
07:22
and wants to know that the program
will work with its children
will work with its children
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要先确认项目对当地孩子有帮助，
07:26
before investing.
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之后才会对我们投资。
07:27
Then we identify key leaders in the state
to help us champion UPSTART
to help us champion UPSTART
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之后我们会找到州政府有关领导
帮我们推广”伊始“，
帮我们推广”伊始“，
07:32
as an option for unserved children.
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旨在帮助无法接触早教的孩子。
07:35
And together, we go to state legislatures
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我们会一起向州立法机构申请
07:39
to transition UPSTART from philanthropy
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把”伊始“由慈善机构转变为
07:41
to sustainable and scalable state funding.
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平稳运行、规模化的州立基金。
07:45
That plan has worked --
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这个计划已经成功了。
07:47
(Applause)
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（掌声）
07:49
Thanks.
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谢谢。
07:53
Thank you.
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谢谢你们。
07:54
That plan has worked
in three states to date:
in three states to date:
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到目前为止，此计划已经
在三个州获得了成功：
在三个州获得了成功：
07:58
Utah, Indiana and South Carolina.
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犹他州，印第安纳州
和南卡罗来纳州。
和南卡罗来纳州。
08:01
We've also piloted the program
in a number of states
in a number of states
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我们也在一些州进行了试点，
08:04
and identified champions.
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获得了认可。
08:06
Next, we're moving to states
with the greatest geographic barriers
with the greatest geographic barriers
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接下来，我们会去地理位置恶劣的州
08:10
to work the plan,
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来推广我们的计划。
08:11
and then on to states
that already have early education
that already have early education
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然后会去已经有早教项目
08:14
but may not be getting
great academic results
great academic results
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但是效果有待加强的州，
08:17
or great parent buy-in to participate.
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或者邀请一些对我们项目
认可的家长来参与。
认可的家长来参与。
08:20
From there, we go to the states
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接下来，我们会去
08:22
that are going to require the most data
and work to convince,
and work to convince,
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需要大量的数据和工作来说服的州，
08:27
and we'll hope our momentum
helps turn the tide there.
helps turn the tide there.
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我们希望用实际效果让他们回心转意。
08:31
We will serve a quarter of a million
children in five years,
children in five years,
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我们预计在五年内服务25万名儿童。
08:34
and we will ensure that states continue
to offer UPSTART to their children.
to offer UPSTART to their children.
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我们始终确保在各地提供“伊始”。
08:40
Here's how you can help:
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我们需要捐款：
08:42
for two thousand dollars,
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只要两千美金，
08:43
we can provide a child
with UPSTART, a computer and internet,
with UPSTART, a computer and internet,
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就可以为一名儿童提供电脑、
网络和“伊始”教育。
网络和“伊始”教育。
08:47
and that child will be part of the pilot
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在这个孩子长大以后，
08:50
that makes certain other children
get UPSTART in the future.
get UPSTART in the future.
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将会帮助更多的孩子得到“伊始”教育。
08:54
We also need engaged citizens
to go to their government
to go to their government
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我们也需要热心市民游说各地政府，
08:57
and say just how easy it can be
to get children ready for school.
to get children ready for school.
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让孩子们接受早教一点都不难。
09:03
You wouldn't be here
if you weren't an engaged citizen,
if you weren't an engaged citizen,
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在座的应该都是热心市民，
不然大家就不会来了，
不然大家就不会来了，
09:06
so we're asking for your help.
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所以我恳求大家的帮助。
09:10
Now, will all of us this make UPSTART
a watershed moment in early education?
a watershed moment in early education?
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那么，我们大家能不能让
“伊始”成为早教的分水岭？
“伊始”成为早教的分水岭？
09:16
I believe together we can make it one.
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我相信只要我们团结一致就能做到。
09:19
But I can tell you without a doubt
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但是我可以负责任的说：
09:21
that UPSTART is a watershed moment
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对于原本得不到学前教育的孩子们，
09:23
in the life of a child who otherwise
would not be ready for school.
would not be ready for school.
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”伊始“无疑是他们人生的分水岭。
09:28
Thank you.
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谢谢大家。
09:29
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Claudia Miner - Early education innovatorAs the cofounder and executive director of Waterford UPSTART, Claudia Miner has one goal: to help families overcome barriers and prepare their children for lifelong learning.
Why you should listen
Each year, 2.2 million four-year-old children in the United States do not have access to publicly-funded early education. More than half are from low-income families who have no early education options at all.
Claudia Miner and her team at Waterford UPSTART want to change that. They believe no child should start school behind their peers. Waterford UPSTART has one goal: to ensure that every child arrives at school on day one ready to learn.
As Miner writes: "Twelve years ago, I joined Waterford.org after I heard about the organization's mission of serving children. It spoke to me in a way no other work had. Working with great people, we charted a course to serve children in the home to get them ready for school. This was a radical move -- especially since we were putting our faith in parents -- but it fit my beliefs and has become my passion. Parents have proven they are up to the task. Knowing I have a role in helping children set the stage for success in life gets me up in the morning with a great and powerful purpose."
With support from The Audacious Project, Miner and her colleagues are expanding the program to reach even more families, filling early education gaps across the nation.
Claudia Miner | Speaker | TED.com