INK Conference
Simon Lewis: Don't take consciousness for granted
賽門•劉易斯: 不要把知覺性當理所當然的事
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經過一次災難性的車禍，讓他處於昏迷狀態，西蒙•劉易斯找到了超越所有恢復身體和精神期望的途徑。在INK會議他詳述這個不平凡的故事如何引導他去關注所有對知覺性的威脅，以及如何克服它們。
Simon Lewis - Author, producer
Simon Lewis is the author of "Rise and Shine," a memoir about his remarkable recovery from a car accident and coma, and his new approach to our own consciousness. Full bio
Simon Lewis is the author of "Rise and Shine," a memoir about his remarkable recovery from a car accident and coma, and his new approach to our own consciousness. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
There was a time in my life
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在我的生命裡曾經有一段時間，
00:18
when everything seemed perfect.
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一切似乎都很完美。
00:21
Everywhere I went, I felt at home.
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我到處哪裡，都覺得像在家裡般舒服。
00:23
Everyone I met,
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我遇見每個人，
00:25
I felt I knew them for as long as I could remember.
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我都覺得我跟他們認識了很久。
00:28
And I want to share with you how I came to that place
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而我想與大家分享的是我如何來達到那個狀況，
00:31
and what I've learned since I left it.
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以及從我離開那個狀況之後學到什麼。
00:33
This is where it began.
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這就是開始。
00:36
And it raises an existential question,
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它提出了一個存在性的問題，
00:38
which is, if I'm having this experience of complete connection and full consciousness,
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那就是，如果我當時是有完整的連接系統和全意識，
00:41
why am I not visible in the photograph,
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為什麼在照片看不到我，
00:44
and where is this time and place?
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以及這是什麼時間和地點？
00:47
This is Los Angeles, California, where I live.
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這是美國加利福尼亞州的洛杉磯，我居住的地方。
00:50
This is a police photo. That's actually my car.
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這是一張警方的照片。那實際上是我的車。
00:53
We're less than a mile from one of the largest hospitals in Los Angeles,
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我們距離洛杉磯的最大的醫院之一不到一英里，
00:56
called Cedars-Sinai.
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那家醫院稱為雪松•西奈半島醫療中心。
00:58
And the situation is that a car full of paramedics
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而情況是，一輛汽車載滿剛下班
01:00
on their way home from the hospital after work
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在回家路上的醫護人員
01:03
have run across the wreckage,
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遇上這事故後的汽車殘骸，
01:05
and they've advised the police
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他們已經通知警方，
01:07
that there were no survivors inside the car,
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車內沒有任何倖存者，
01:09
that the driver's dead, that I'm dead.
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那司機已經死了，那我已死了。
01:12
And the police are waiting for the fire department to arrive
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而警方正在等待消防局的人到達
01:15
to cut apart the vehicle
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來分割車身
01:17
to extract the body of the driver.
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來搬出司機的屍體。
01:19
And when they do, they find that behind the glass,
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而當他們這樣做後，他們在玻璃的後面，
01:22
they find me.
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他們發現我 --
01:24
And my skull's crushed and my collar bone is crushed;
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我的頭骨粉碎，我的鎖骨粉碎，
01:26
all but two of my ribs,
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除了我的兩個肋骨，
01:28
my pelvis and both arms --
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骨盆和我的雙臂。
01:30
they're all crushed, but there is still a pulse.
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他們都被壓碎，但我仍有脈搏。
01:33
And they get me to that nearby hospital,
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他們讓我進入那附近的醫院，
01:35
Cedars-Sinai,
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雪松•西奈半島醫療中心,
01:37
where that night I receive, because of my internal bleeding,
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因為我的內部出血，那天晚上我接受了
01:40
45 units of blood --
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45個單位的血液 --
01:42
which means full replacements of all the blood in me --
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這意味著完全替換我所有的血液 --
01:44
before they're able to staunch the flow.
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他們才能夠止住血流。
01:46
I'm put on full life support,
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他們將我放入於生命維持系統，
01:48
and I have a massive stroke,
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而我又嚴重中風，
01:51
and my brain drops into a coma.
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而且我的大腦陷入昏迷。
01:53
Now comas are measured
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現在, 昏迷的測量指數，
01:55
on a scale from 15 down to three.
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其規模從15分至到3分。
01:57
Fifteen is a mild coma. Three is the deepest.
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15分是一種溫和的昏迷。3分是最深層的。
02:00
And if you look, you'll see that there's only one way you can score three.
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如果你看，你會知道只有一個方法可以成為3分。
02:03
It's essentially there's no sign of life
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基本上就是從外表來看
02:05
from outside at all.
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沒有任何生命跡象。
02:07
I spent more than a month in a Glasgow Coma Scale three,
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我花了一個多月處於格拉斯哥昏迷指數表3分的狀態，
02:10
and it is inside that deepest level of coma,
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在這最深層的昏迷裡面，
02:12
on the rim between my life and my death,
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在我的生死在輪輞之間，
02:15
that I'm experiencing the full connection and full consciousness
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我當時體驗了內部層次
02:18
of inner space.
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完整的連接和全意識
02:20
From my family looking in from outside,
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從我的家人從外面看，
02:23
what they're trying to figure out
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他們正在試圖找出
02:25
is a different kind of existential question,
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是另一種的生存問題，
02:28
which is, how far is it going to be possible to bridge
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也就是，從他們能將看得到、處於昏睡狀態的的大腦
02:31
from the comatose potential mind that they're looking at
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到一個真正的大腦之間，
02:34
to an actual mind,
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我們能夠做到多少程度的連結？
02:36
which I define simply
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我簡單地定義它為
02:38
as the functioning of the brain
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當時還在殘存於我頭部裡的
02:40
that is remaining inside my head.
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大腦功能。
02:42
Now to put this into a broader context,
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現在, 從一個更廣泛的角度來看，
02:44
I want you to imagine that you are an eternal alien
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我要你想像你是一個外來的外星人
02:47
watching the Earth from outer space,
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從外太空看地球，
02:49
and your favorite show on intergalactic satellite television
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而你最喜歡的太空電視頻道是
02:52
is the Earth channel,
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是「地球頻道」，
02:54
and your favorite show is the Human Show.
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你最喜歡的是有關人類的節目。
02:57
And the reason I think it would be so interesting to you
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而我之所以認為你會對這個那麼有興趣，
02:59
is because consciousness is so interesting.
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是因為意識自覺是如此的有趣，
03:01
It's so unpredictable
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它是如此變幻莫測，
03:03
and so fragile.
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如此脆弱。
03:05
And this is how we began.
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這就是我們如何開始的。
03:07
We all began in the Awash Valley in Ethiopia.
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我們開始於埃塞俄比亞的阿瓦什河谷中。
03:10
The show began with tremendous special effects,
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節目開始有著巨大的特殊效果，
03:12
because there were catastrophic climate shifts --
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是因為有災難性的氣候變化 --
03:15
which sort of sounds interesting as a parallel to today.
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這聽起來有點有趣，因為這變化與今天可並行對比。
03:18
Because of the Earth tilting on its axis
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由於地球上的傾斜軸
03:20
and those catastrophic climate shifts,
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和那些災難性的氣候變化，
03:23
we had to figure out how to find better food,
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我們必須弄清楚如何找到更好的食物，
03:25
and we had to learn -- there's Lucy; that's how we all began --
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我們必須學習 -- 當時出現露西(南方古猿)，這就是我們大家的起源 --
03:28
we had to learn how to crack open animal bones,
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我們必須學會如何破開動物骨骼，
03:31
use tools to do that, to feed on the marrow,
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使用工具來做到以食用其骨髓，
03:33
to grow our brains more.
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來發展我們的大腦。
03:35
So we actually grew our consciousness
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因此，實際上我們對這全球威脅的反應
03:37
in response to this global threat.
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增長了我們的意識知覺。
03:39
Now you also continue to watch
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現在你繼續看著
03:41
as consciousness evolved to the point
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意識知覺發展到這地步，
03:43
that here in India, in Madhya Pradesh,
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這裡在印度，中央邦，
03:46
there's one of the two oldest known pieces of rock art found.
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擁有兩個現今最古老的岩畫之一。
03:50
It's a cupule that took 40 to 50,000 blows with a stone tool to create,
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這是一個用石頭工具、花了40至50,000次打擊打造出來的吸盤，
03:54
and it's the first known expression of art
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而且它是在這個星球上第一個
03:56
on the planet.
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現今已知的表達藝術。
03:58
And the reason it connects us with consciousness today
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而今天它之所以能將我們與意識做連結的原因是
04:00
is that all of us still today,
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直至今日，
04:02
the very first shape we draw as a child
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我們身為一個嬰孩時，繪畫出的第一個形狀
04:05
is a circle.
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仍然是個圓形。
04:07
And then the next thing we do is we put a dot in the center of the circle.
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然後接下來我們就會在圓心中畫一點。
04:10
We create an eye --
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我們創造一隻眼 --
04:12
and the eye that evolves through all of our history.
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而這隻眼經過我們歷史有所進化。
04:14
There's the Egyptian god Horus,
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有埃及神賀拉斯，
04:16
which symbolizes prosperity, wisdom and health.
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祂象徵著繁榮、智慧和健康。
04:19
And that comes down right way to the present
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而且以這種方式傳承至現在
04:22
with the dollar bill in the United States,
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的美元紙鈔，
04:24
which has on it an eye of providence.
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上面有普羅維登斯神的眼睛。
04:27
So watching all of this show from outer space,
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因此，從太空看著這一切，
04:29
you think we get it, we understand
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你覺得我們會明白，
04:31
that the most precious resource on the blue planet
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在這藍星球最寶貴的資源
04:33
is our consciousness.
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是我們的意識知覺。
04:35
Because it's the first thing we draw;
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因為這是我們一開始便繪製的東西，
04:37
we surround ourselves with images of it;
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我們便會將它的圖像環繞着自己，
04:39
it's probably the most common image on the planet.
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它可能是在這個星球上最常見的圖像。
04:41
But we don't. We take our consciousness for granted.
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但我們沒有這樣做。我們把意識知覺性視為理所當然的事。
04:44
While I was producing in Los Angeles, I never thought about it for a second.
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雖然我在洛杉磯製片的時候，我從來沒有花一秒鐘想過它。
04:47
Until it was stripped from me, I never thought about it.
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直到它從我身上被剝奪走之前，我從來沒有想過這個問題。
04:49
And what I've learned since that event
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我從這事件和
04:51
and during my recovery
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我的復原中所學到的是
04:53
is that consciousness is under threat on this planet
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在這個星球上，意識知覺性是受到
04:56
in ways it's never been under threat before.
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以前從來沒有受到的威脅。
04:58
These are just some examples.
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這只是一些例子。
05:00
And the reason I'm so honored to be here
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而我之所以如此榮幸能
05:02
to talk today in India
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在印度這裡演講
05:04
is because India has the sad distinction
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是因為印度在世界裡不幸地是
05:06
of being the head injury capital of the world.
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頭部受傷的首要國都。
05:09
That statistic is so sad.
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統計數字令人傷心。
05:11
There is no more drastic and sudden gap created
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沒有任何事情能比嚴重腦部創傷
05:14
between potential and actual mind
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在實際大腦及潛在大腦之間造成更大的
05:16
than a severe head injury.
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落差。
05:18
Each one can entail up to a decade of rehabilitation,
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每個受傷意味著高達十年的康復時間，
05:21
which means that India, unless something changes,
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除非有所變化,
05:23
is accumulating a need
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否則印度是正在積累需要
05:25
for millennia of rehabilitation.
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幾千年的康復時間。
05:29
What you find in the United States
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在美國每20秒
05:31
is an injury every 20 seconds -- that's one and a half million every year --
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會發生一次受傷 -- 這即是每年150萬次 --
05:34
stroke every 40 seconds,
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每40秒發生一次中風，
05:36
Alzheimer's disease, every 70 seconds somebody succumbs to that.
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每70秒會有人患有阿茲海默病 (老年痴呆症)。
05:39
All of these represent gaps
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這些都代表着潛在大腦
05:41
between potential mind and actual mind.
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和實際大腦之間的落差。
05:45
And here are some of the other categories, if you look at the whole planet.
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如果你看看整個地球, 這裡還有一些其他類別。
05:48
The World Health Organization tells us
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世界衛生組織告訴我們，
05:50
that depression is the number one disease on Earth
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抑鬱症是地球上第一名的殘疾
05:53
in terms of years lived with disability.
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就患有疾病的年歲數而言。
05:56
We find that the number two source of disability
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我們發現從15至44的年齡組別
05:59
is depression in the age group
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排名第二的殘疾來源
06:01
of 15 to 44.
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是抑鬱症。
06:03
Our children are becoming depressed
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我們的孩子現時以驚人的速度
06:05
at an alarming rate.
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變得抑鬱。
06:07
I discovered during my recovery
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在我恢復過程的期間中
06:09
the third leading cause of death amongst teenagers
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我發現青少第三大死亡原因之一
06:11
is suicide.
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是自殺。
06:13
If you look at some of these other items -- concussions.
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如果你看看些其他項目便是腦震盪。
06:15
Half of E.R. admissions from adolescents
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急診室接診的半數青少年
06:17
are for concussions.
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是由於腦震盪。
06:19
If I talk about migraine,
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如果我談談偏頭痛，
06:21
40 percent of the population
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40％的人口
06:23
suffer episodic headaches.
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患有發作性頭痛。
06:25
Fifteen percent suffer migraines
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15％患有的偏頭痛
06:27
that wipe them out for days on end.
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令他們受苦好幾天。
06:29
All of this is leading -- computer addiction,
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這所有一切是會導致對電腦成癮。
06:31
just to cover that: the most frequent thing we do
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說到這點, 我們最常做的事，
06:33
is use digital devices.
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是使用數位設備。
06:35
The average teenager
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每一位青少年平均每個月
06:37
sends 3,300 texts every [month].
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發送3,300則短訊。
06:40
We're talking about a society that is retreating
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我們談論的是當我們可能面臨
06:42
into depression and disassociation
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下一個巨大災難性的氣候變化時,
06:45
when we are potentially confronting
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整個社會正在衰退到
06:47
the next great catastrophic climate shift.
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抑鬱症和人際關係疏離。
06:50
So what you'd be wondering, watching the Human Show,
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那麼你想想，看着人類的節目，
06:52
is are we going to confront and address
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要面對和解決
06:54
the catastrophic climate shift that may be heading our way
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的災難性氣候的轉變，
06:56
by growing our consciousness,
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我們是會發展我們的意識?
06:58
or are we going to continue to retreat?
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還是我們將繼續撤退？
07:00
And that then might lead you
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而這可能導致你
07:02
to watch an episode one day
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會一天看一集
07:04
of Cedars-Sinai medical center
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雪松•西奈醫學中心
07:07
and a consideration of the difference between potential mind and actual mind.
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以及深思潛在大腦和實際大腦之間的差異。
07:10
This is a dense array EEG MRI
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這是MRI跟踪156渠道的信息
07:13
tracking 156 channels of information.
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的一個密集陣腦電圖 。
07:15
It's not my EEG at Cedars;
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這不是我在雪松醫學中心的腦電圖;
07:18
it's your EEG tonight and last night.
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這是你昨晚和今晚的腦電圖。
07:21
It's the what our minds do every night
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這是我們每晚在腦海裡的活動
07:23
to digest the day
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消化白天的一切
07:25
and to prepare to bridge from the potential mind when we're asleep
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和準備從在睡著的潛在大腦
07:27
to the actual mind when we awaken the following morning.
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連接至到當我們第二天早上醒來的實際知覺大腦。
07:30
This is how I was when I returned from the hospital
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這就是我4個月後
07:33
after nearly four months.
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從醫院回來的樣子。
07:35
The horseshoe shape you can see on my skull
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你可以看到在我頭骨的馬蹄形狀
07:37
is where they operated and went inside my brain
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就是他們為了搶救我生命
07:39
to do the surgeries they needed to do to rescue my life.
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需要做的大腦手術的部位。
07:42
But if you look into the eye of consciousness, that single eye you can see,
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但如果你看看意識的眼睛，你可以看到那單一隻眼睛，
07:45
I'm looking down,
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我在向下看，
07:47
but let me tell you how I felt at that point.
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但讓我告訴你我當時的感受。
07:50
I didn't feel empty; I felt everything simultaneously.
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我沒有感到空虛，我在同時感覺到所有一切。
07:52
I felt empty and full, hot and cold,
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我感到空和滿，冷和熱，
07:55
euphoric and depressed
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欣快和鬱悶。
07:57
because the brain is the world's first
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因為大腦是世界上第一個
07:59
fully functional quantum computer;
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全功能的量子電腦，
08:01
it can occupy multiple states at the same time.
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它可以同一時間佔用多個狀態。
08:04
And with all the internal regulators of my brain damaged,
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並由於我的大腦所有內部監管受損，
08:07
I felt everything simultaneously.
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我在同時感覺到一切。
08:10
But let's swivel around and look at me frontally.
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但讓我們旋轉，從正面看我。
08:13
This is now flash-forward to the point in time
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這是當我
08:15
where I've been discharged by the health system.
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已經被從醫療保健系統移除之後的時候。
08:18
Look into those eyes. I'm not able to focus those eyes.
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看看那雙眼睛。我不能集中我那些的眼睛。
08:20
I'm not able to follow a line of text in a book.
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我不能跟着書的一行文字。
08:23
But the system has moved me on
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但系統已將我釋放出來，
08:25
because, as my family started to discover,
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因為，我的家人開始發現，
08:28
there is no long-term concept
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醫療保健系統裡
08:30
in the health care system.
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是沒有「長期」的概念。
08:32
Neurological damage, 10 years of rehab,
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神經損傷，10年的復健歷程，
08:35
requires a long-term perspective.
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需要以一個長期的角度來看待。
08:37
But let's take a look behind my eyes.
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但讓我們一起來從我眼睛的後來來看，
08:39
This is a gamma radiation spec scan
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這是一個伽瑪射線掃描圖片，
08:41
that uses gamma radiation
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使用伽瑪輻射
08:43
to map three-dimensional function within the brain.
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到在大腦功能的三維地圖。
08:46
It requires a laboratory to see it in three dimension,
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要看到三維需要一個實驗室，
08:48
but in two dimensions I think you can see
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但在二維我認為你都可以看到
08:50
the beautiful symmetry and illumination
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一個正常頭腦有著
08:52
of a normal mind at work.
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美麗和發亮的對稱性。
08:54
Here's my brain.
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這是我的大腦。
08:56
That is the consequence of more than a third of the right side of my brain
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這便是我的大腦右側超過三分之一
08:59
being destroyed by the stroke.
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被中風破壞的結果。
09:01
So my family, as we moved forward
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所以我的家人，
09:03
and discovered that the health care system had moved us by,
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在因為我們發現被醫療制度向前推進，
09:06
had to try to find solutions and answers.
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不得不設法尋找解決辦法和答案。
09:08
And during that process -- it took many years --
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而在這個過程 -- 它花了很多年 --
09:11
one of the doctors said that my recovery, my degree of advance,
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一個醫生說我的恢復，尤其是因為頭部受傷的地步,
09:14
since the amount of head injury I'd suffered,
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我進步的程度
09:16
was miraculous.
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是奇蹟。
09:18
And that was when I started to write a book,
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而這時候我正開始寫一本書，
09:20
because I didn't think it was miraculous.
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因為我不認為這是奇蹟。
09:22
I thought there were miraculous elements,
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我當然認為有奇蹟的元素，
09:24
but I also didn't think it was right
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但我也想到在我們的社會
09:26
that one should have to struggle and search for answers
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沒有理由我們為一個大流行的問題
09:28
when this is a pandemic within our society.
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要奮力搜索才能找到答案。
09:31
So from this experience of my recovery,
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因此從我恢復的這個經驗，
09:34
I want to share four particular aspects --
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我想從四個特別層面來分享 --
09:37
I call them the four C's of consciousness --
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我稱它們為意識的四個C --
09:39
that helped me grow my potential mind
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它們幫助我的潛在大腦都每都增長
09:42
back towards the actual mind that I work with every day.
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並發展至我每天用到的實際大腦。
09:45
The first C is cognitive training.
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第一個C是認知訓練。
09:47
Unlike the smashed glass of my car,
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跟那些被砸碎的車子玻璃不同的是，
09:50
plasticity of the brain
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大腦的可塑性
09:52
means that there was always a possibility, with treatment,
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意味著一種治療訓練大腦的可能性，
09:55
to train the brain
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使你總能夠
09:57
so that you can regain and raise your level of awareness and consciousness.
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恢復並提高你意識和自覺性的水平。
10:00
Plasticity means that there was always
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可塑性是指為我們總是可以對理智有
10:02
hope for our reason --
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總有希望 --
10:04
hope for our ability to rebuild that function.
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希望我們能重建該功能。
10:07
Indeed, the mind can redefine itself,
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的確，頭腦本身可以重新定義，
10:09
and this is demonstrated by two specialists called Hagen and Silva
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這早在70年代兩位稱為哈根和席爾瓦的專家
10:12
back in the 1970's.
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已證明了。
10:14
The global perspective
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全球的觀點是
10:16
is that up to 30 percent of children in school
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在學校高達 30％的兒童
10:18
have learning weaknesses
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是有無法自我糾正的
10:20
that are not self-correcting,
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學習能力不足，
10:22
but with appropriate treatment,
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但透過適當的治療,
10:24
they can be screened for and detected and corrected
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便可將他們進行篩選、發現和矯正，
10:27
and avoid their academic failure.
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以避免他們在學業上失敗。
10:29
But what I discovered is it's almost impossible to find anyone
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但我發現的是幾乎找不到任何人
10:32
who provides that treatment or care.
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能提供這治療或護理。
10:34
Here's what my neuropsychologist provided for me
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以下是我的神經心理學家提供給我的資料，
10:36
when I actually found somebody who could apply it.
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假若當我找到有人可以應用它。
10:39
I'm not a doctor, so I'm not going to talk about the various subtests.
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我不是醫生，所以我不會談論各種子測試。
10:42
Let's just talk about full-scale I.Q.
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讓我們只談全面的智商(I.Q.)。
10:44
Full-scale I.Q. is the mental processing --
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全面的智商是精神的處理 --
10:46
how fast you can acquire information,
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你可以如何快速取得資料，
10:48
retain it and retrieve it --
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保留和檢索它 --
10:50
that is essential for success in life today.
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這對於今天生活中的成功是很重要的。
10:53
And you can see here there are three columns.
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而你可以看到在這裡有三欄。
10:55
Untestable -- that's when I'm in my coma.
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不可測試的 -- 這是當我在我昏迷中。
10:58
And then I creep up to the point that I get a score of 79,
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然後我慢慢地恢復到可以得79分的地步,
11:01
which is just below average.
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僅僅是低於平均水平。
11:04
In the health care system, if you touch average, you're done.
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在醫療健保系統中，如果你到達平均，就大功告成了。
11:07
That's when I was discharged from the system.
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那是我離開系統出院時的水平。
11:09
What does average I.Q. really mean?
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平均I.Q.究竟意味著什麼？
11:12
It meant that when I was given two and a half hours
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這即是，當我要用兩個半小時來完成
11:15
to take a test that anyone here
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這裡任何人可在50分鐘內
11:17
would take in 50 minutes,
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完成的測試,
11:19
I might score an F.
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我便可能得到F。
11:22
This is a very, very low level
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這是一個非常，非常低的水平，
11:24
in order to be kicked out of the health care system.
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便可以被醫療系統踢出來。
11:26
Then I underwent cognitive training.
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接著，我接受了認知訓練。
11:28
And let me show you what happened to the right-hand column
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讓我告訴你當我做了一段時間的認知訓練,
11:30
when I did my cognitive training over a period of time.
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右邊欄發生了什麼事情。
11:33
This is not supposed to occur.
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這是不應該發生的。
11:36
I.Q. is supposed to stabilize and solidify
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I.Q.應該是在八歲
11:39
at the age of eight.
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便穩定和固定不變。
11:41
Now the Journal of the National Medical Association
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現在, 全國醫學協會雜誌
11:43
gave my memoir a full clinical review,
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給了我的回憶錄一個完整的臨床審查，
11:45
which is very unusual.
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這是非常罕見的。
11:47
I'm not a doctor. I have no medical background whatsoever.
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我不是醫生。我沒有任何醫學背景。
11:50
But they felt the evidences
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但當他們評審了完整回憶錄後,
11:52
that there was important, valuable information in the book,
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他們評論說, 認為在書中
11:55
and they commented about it when they gave the full peer review to it.
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有着很重要的證據和信息。
11:58
But they asked one question. They said, "Is this repeatable?"
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但他們問了一個問題：「這是否可以被複製？」
12:01
That was a fair question
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這是一個合理的的問題，
12:03
because my memoir was simply how I found solutions that worked for me.
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因為我的回憶錄只是對我如何有用的解決方案。
12:06
The answer is yes, and for the first time,
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答案是可以的，而且這是第一次，
12:08
it's my pleasure to be able to share two examples.
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我很高興能夠分享兩個例子。
12:10
Here's somebody, what they did as they went through cognitive training
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以下的例子是測試候選人在7歲及11歲
12:12
at ages seven and 11.
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經歷的認知培訓。
12:14
And here's another person in, call it, high school and college.
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而這裡是另一人，在高中和大學。
12:17
And this person is particularly interesting.
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而此人是特別有趣的。
12:19
I won't go into the intrascatter that's in the subtests,
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我不會在這裡交待分測驗中的細密數據，
12:21
but they still had a neurologic issue.
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但是他們仍然有神經系統的問題。
12:23
But that person could be identified
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那人可以被認定
12:25
as having a learning disability.
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為有學習障礙。
12:27
And with accommodation, they went on to college
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但他們上了大學, 而且駐住宿舍，
12:29
and had a full life in terms of their opportunities.
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並過著具有豐富機會的生活。
12:32
Second aspect:
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第二方面：
12:34
I still had crushing migraine headaches.
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我仍然有着劇烈的偏頭痛。
12:36
Two elements that worked for me here
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這裡兩個因素我了解到，
12:38
are -- the first is 90 percent, I learned, of head and neck pain
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百分之九十的頭部和頸部疼痛
12:42
is through muscular-skeletal imbalance.
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是由於肌肉與骨骼的不平衡。
12:44
The craniomandibular system is critical to that.
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該頭顱下頜骨系統是至關重要的。
12:48
And when I underwent it and found solutions,
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當我經歷它和發現解決方案，
12:51
this is the interrelationship between the TMJ and the teeth.
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這便是牙齒和顳下頜的關節。
12:54
Up to 30 percent of the population
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高達30％的人口有着
12:56
have a disorder, disease or dysfunction in the jaw
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由於下巴的毛病，疾病或功能障礙，
12:59
that affects the entire body.
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而影響整個身體。
13:01
I was fortunate to find a dentist
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我很幸運找到一個牙醫,
13:03
who applied this entire universe
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他用了你會即將看到的
13:05
of technology you're about to see
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整個宇宙的技術，
13:07
to establish that if he repositioned my jaw,
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來重新把我的下巴定位,
13:09
the headaches pretty much resolved,
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頭痛的麻煩解決了，
13:11
but that then my teeth weren't in the right place.
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但我的牙齒便不在正確的位置。
13:13
He then held my jaw in the right position
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然後，他把我的下巴固定在正確的位置，
13:15
while orthodontically he put my teeth into correct alignment.
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並把我的牙齒矯正到正確的排列。
13:19
So my teeth actually hold my jaw in the correct position.
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所以，我的牙齒居然固定我的下巴在正確的位置。
13:22
This affected my entire body.
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這影響了我整個身體。
13:25
If that sounds like a very, very strange thing to say
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如果這聽起來像一個非常奇怪
13:27
and rather a bold statement --
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和相當大膽的聲明--
13:29
How can the jaw affect the entire body? --
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下顎如何影響整個身體？ --
13:31
let me simply point out to you,
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讓我向你簡單地指出，
13:33
if I ask you tomorrow
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如果我叫你明天
13:35
to put one grain of sand between your teeth
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把一粒沙子放在你牙齒之間
13:37
and go for a nice long walk,
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然後去悠閒漫步，
13:39
how far would you last
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你會可以走多遠
13:41
before you had to remove that grain of sand?
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而不得不移除牙齒之間的沙粒？
13:43
That tiny misalignment.
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這微小的偏差。
13:45
Bear in mind, there are no nerves in the teeth.
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請記得，牙齒並沒有神經。
13:47
That's why the same between the before and after that this shows,
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這就是為什麼同樣的之間和前後，
13:50
it's hard to see the difference.
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很難看出差別。
13:52
Now just trying putting a few grains of sand between your teeth
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現在試試把幾粒沙子放在你牙齒之間，
13:54
and see the difference it makes.
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看看你有什麼差別。
13:56
I still had migraine headaches.
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我仍然有偏頭痛。
13:58
The next issue that resolved
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接下來的問題便解決了，
14:00
was that, if 90 percent of head and neck pain
346
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如果頭部和頸部疼痛90％
14:02
is caused by imbalance,
347
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是失衡造成的，
14:04
the other 10 percent, largely --
348
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其他10％便主要是--
14:06
if you set aside aneurysms, brain cancer
349
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若你劃開動脈瘤，腦腫瘤
14:08
and hormonal issues --
350
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和激素的問題--
14:10
is the circulation.
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便是循環。
14:12
Imagine the blood flowing through your body --
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想像一下，血液流經身體 --
14:14
I was told at UCLA Medical Center --
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有人在加州大學洛杉磯分校醫療中心告訴我 --
14:16
as one sealed system.
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它是一個密封的系統。
14:18
There's a big pipe with the blood flowing through it,
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有一個血液隨着它流過的大管道。
14:20
and around that pipe are the nerves
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而大管道周圍是從血液
14:22
drawing their nutrient supply from the blood.
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從血液裡吸取養分。
14:24
That's basically it.
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基本上就是這樣。
14:26
If you press on a hose pipe in a sealed system,
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如果在密封系統的軟管管道上按着，
14:28
it bulges someplace else.
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別的地方便凸起。
14:30
If that some place else where it bulges
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如果那凸起的地方
14:32
is inside the biggest nerve in your body, your brain,
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是在你的身體裡面最大的神經，你的大腦，
14:35
you get a vascular migraine.
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你便會有血管偏頭痛。
14:37
This is a level of pain that's only known
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這痛苦的程度,
14:39
to other people who suffer vascular migraines.
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只有其他人患血管性偏頭痛會知道。
14:42
Using this technology,
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使用這種技術，
14:44
this is mapping in three dimensions.
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這是在三維空間的映射。
14:46
This is an MRI MRA MRV,
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這是磁力共振成像, 磁力共振血管攝影, MRV,
14:48
a volumetric MRI.
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一個有體積的磁力共振成像。
14:50
Using this technology, the specialists at UCLA Medical Center
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使用這種技術，在加州大學洛杉磯分校醫學中心的專家們
14:53
were able to identify
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能夠找出
14:55
where that compression in the hose pipe was occurring.
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該軟管管道在何處被壓縮。
14:57
A vascular surgeon removed most of the first rib on both sides of my body.
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一名血管外科醫生取出我身體兩側的大部分[不清楚]。
15:01
And in the following months and years,
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而在接下來的幾個月甚至幾年，
15:03
I felt the neurological flow of life itself returning.
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我開始感受到了生活本身的神經重返回來。
15:06
Communication, the next C. This is critical.
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「溝通」是下一個C。這是至關重要的。
15:09
All consciousness is about communication.
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所有的意識是關於溝通。
15:12
And here, by great fortune,
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在這裡，非常幸運，
15:14
one of my father's clients
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我父親的一個的客戶
15:16
had a husband who worked
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有一個丈夫曾在
15:18
at the Alfred Mann Foundation for Scientific Research.
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阿爾弗雷德曼恩基金會的科學研究所工作。
15:21
Alfred Mann is a brilliant physicist and innovator
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阿爾弗雷•德曼恩是一個優異的物理學家和創新家
15:23
who's fascinated with bridging gaps in consciousness,
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著迷於意識與彌合的差距，
15:26
whether to restore hearing to the deaf, vision to the blind
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從恢復失聰的聽力，恢復失明的視力
15:29
or movement to the paralyzed.
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到恢復癱瘓至運動。
15:31
And I'm just going to give you an example today
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而我今天只是想給你舉個
15:33
of movement to the paralyzed.
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從癱瘓至運動的例子。
15:35
I've brought with me, from Southern California,
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我從南加利福尼亞州帶來了，
15:38
the FM device.
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FM設備。
15:40
This is it being held in the hand.
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這是用手拿着。
15:42
It weighs less than a gram.
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它的重量不到一克。
15:44
So two of them implanted in the body would weigh less than a dime.
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因此，兩個植入體內的設備的重量會不到一角錢。
15:47
Five of them would still weigh less
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五個的重量仍會不到
15:49
than a rupee coin.
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一盧比硬幣。
15:51
Where does it go inside the body?
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它在身體哪裡去？
15:53
It has been simulated and tested to endure in the body corrosion-free
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它進行了模擬和測試, 可在體內無腐蝕
15:55
for over 80 years.
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超過80年。
15:57
So it goes in and it stays there.
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因此它進入便留下來。
15:59
Here are the implantation sites.
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這是植入的位置。
16:01
The concept that they're working towards -- and they have working prototypes --
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他們正在努力發展這個概念，-- 他們有試驗性的原型--
16:04
is that we placed it throughout the motor points of the body
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便是我們置它於的整個身體中
16:06
where they're needed.
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需要的的運動關節。
16:08
The main unit will then go inside the brain.
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主要單位將會進入大腦內部。
16:10
An FM device in the cortex of the brain, the motor cortex,
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一個FM裝置在大腦的皮層，運動皮質
16:13
will send signals in real time
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會向相關的肌肉的運動關節
16:15
to the motor points in the relevant muscles
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發出立即的信號，
16:17
so that the person will be able to move their arm, let's say, in real time,
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這樣, 如果他已經失去了自己手臂的控制,
16:20
if they've lost control of their arm.
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他就能在即時候移動手臂。
16:22
And other FM devices implanted in fingertips,
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而其他FM裝置植入指尖，
16:25
on contacting a surface,
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接觸一個表面時，
16:27
will send a message back to the sensory cortex of the brain,
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便會將消息發送回知覺的大腦皮質，
16:30
so that the person feels a sense of touch.
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讓人感覺觸覺。
16:33
Is this science fiction? No,
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這是科幻小說？不是。
16:35
because I'm wearing the first application of this technology.
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因為我正穿着第一個應用這技術的裝置。
16:38
I don't have the ability to control my left foot.
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我沒有控制我左腳的能力。
16:40
A radio device is controlling every step I take,
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一個無線電裝置控制着我每走一的步。
16:43
and a sensor picks up my foot for me
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每次我起步
16:45
every time I walk.
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都是感應器提起我的腳。
16:47
And in closing, I want to share
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最後，我想分享
16:49
the personal reason why this meant so much to me
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這對我那麼重要，
16:51
and changed the direction of my life.
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而且改變我生活的方向的個人理由。
16:53
In my coma, one of the presences I sensed
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在我昏迷中，在我感覺其中一個存在着
16:55
was someone I felt was a protector.
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一個保護者。
16:57
And when I came out of my coma, I recognized my family,
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當我從昏迷中醒來，我認出我的家人，
17:00
but I didn't remember my own past.
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但我不記得自己的過去。
17:03
Gradually, I remembered the protector was my wife.
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漸漸地，我想起了保護者是我的妻子。
17:06
And I whispered the good news
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而我通過被用線關閉着的破顎,
17:08
through my broken jaw, which was wired shut,
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小聲竊竊地告訴夜班護士
17:10
to my night nurse.
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這個好消息。
17:12
And the following morning, my mother came to explain
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而第二天早上，我母親解釋，
17:14
that I'd not always been in this bed, in this room,
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我並不是一直在這個房間、這張這床上，
17:16
that I'd been working in film and television
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我曾經製作電影和電視，
17:18
and that I had been in a crash
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直到事故,
17:20
and that, yes, I was married,
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而且，沒錯，我是已婚的，
17:23
but Marcy had been killed instantly in the crash.
435
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3000
但馬西在意外當下就死亡了。
17:26
And during my time in coma,
436
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而在我昏迷期間，
17:28
she had been laid to rest in her hometown of Phoenix.
437
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她已在她的家鄉鳳凰城安息。
17:32
Now in the dark years that followed, I had to work out what remained for me
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在之後的這些黑暗的幾年中，我不得不思考我還剩下些什麼，
17:35
if everything that made today special was gone.
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因為今天對我一切特別的東西已經是消逝了。
17:38
And as I discovered these threats to consciousness
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而當我發現這些意識的威脅
17:41
and how they are surrounding the world
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以及它們是如何包圍整個世界
17:43
and enveloping the lives of more and more people every day,
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和越來越多人每天的生活，
17:46
I discovered what truly remained.
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我發現了什麼真正依然存在。
17:48
I believe that we can overcome the threats to our consciousness,
444
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我相信我們能夠克服到對我們意識的威脅，
17:51
that the Human Show can stay on the air
445
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我們這個人類節目
17:53
for millennia to come.
446
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可以在未來千年繼續放映。
17:55
I believe that we can all rise and shine.
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我相信，我們都可以排除萬難不斷發光。
17:58
Thank you very much.
448
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非常感謝你們。
18:00
(Applause)
449
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（鼓掌）
18:06
Lakshmi Pratury: Just stay for a second. Just stay here for a second.
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Lakshmi Pratury：請留步一會，稍等一下。
18:09
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
18:13
You know,
452
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你知道嗎，
18:16
when I heard Simon's --
453
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當我聽到西蒙 --
18:20
please sit down; I just want to talk to him for a second --
454
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請坐下，我只是想和他說一會兒話--
18:23
when I read his book, I went to LA to meet him.
455
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當我讀了他的書，我去了洛杉磯與他會面。
18:26
And so I was sitting in this restaurant,
456
1091000
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當我正坐在這家餐廳裡，
18:29
waiting for a man to come by
457
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等待一個人前來，
18:32
who obviously would have some difficulty ...
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我想, 顯然他會有些不便...
18:34
I don't know what I had in my mind.
459
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我在腦海不知道我會看見是什麼情況。
18:36
And he was walking around.
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而他正在走動。
18:38
I didn't expect that person that I was going to meet
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我沒想到我要見的人
18:40
to be him.
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便是他。
18:42
And then we met and we talked,
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然後我們會面，我們聯天，
18:44
and I'm like, he doesn't look
464
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而我在想「他不像是
18:46
like somebody who was built out of nothing.
465
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一個空框框無血無肉的人」。
18:50
And then I was amazed
466
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然後我很驚訝
18:52
at what role technology played
467
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科學技術在你身上
18:54
in your recovery.
468
1119000
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發揮的恢復作用。
18:56
And we have his book outside
469
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在外面的書店
18:58
in the bookshop.
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我們有他的書。
19:00
The thing that amazed me
471
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最令我驚訝的事情
19:02
is the painstaking detail
472
1127000
3000
是書中那些詳盡的細節，
19:05
with which he has written
473
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他記下了
19:07
every hospital he has been to,
474
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去過的每家醫院，
19:09
every treatment he got,
475
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經歷的每一個療程，
19:11
every near-miss he had,
476
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每次差一點的結果,
19:14
and how accidentally he stumbled upon innovations.
477
1139000
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和他如何偶然發現創新的辦法。
19:18
So I think this one detail
478
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所以我覺大家可能會
19:23
went past people really quick.
479
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錯過這一個細節。
19:25
Tell a little bit about what you're wearing on your leg.
480
1150000
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告訴大家一點關於你在腿上穿了什麼。
19:28
Simon Lewis: I knew when I was timing this
481
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西蒙•劉易斯：我在對演說計時的時候
19:30
that there wouldn't be time for me to do anything about --
482
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便知道不會有時間讓我談論這個--
19:32
Well this is it. This is the control unit.
483
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就在於此。這便是控制裝置。
19:35
And this records every single step I've taken
484
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這個控制記錄了我每一步,
19:37
for, ooh, five or six years now.
485
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哦，已經五，六年了。
19:39
And if I do this, probably the mic won't hear it.
486
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如果我這樣做，麥克風是可能將收不到音。
19:44
That little chirp followed by two chirps is now switched on.
487
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這個小喳喳聲接著再兩個小喳喳聲便是開啟了裝置。
19:47
When I press it again, it'll chirp three times,
488
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當我再按一次，它會喳喳聲三下，
19:50
and that'll mean that it's armed and ready to go.
489
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這將意味著它已準備好了,可以使用。
19:54
And that's my friend. I mean, I charge it every night.
490
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這是我的朋友。我每晚把它充電。
19:57
And it works. It works.
491
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它很好用，實在很有用。
19:59
And what I would love to add because I didn't have time ...
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因為我沒有時間, 而且我很想補充，
20:02
What does it do? Well actually, I'll show you down here.
493
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它是做什麼呢？其實，我會在這裡告訴你。
20:05
This down here, if the camera can see that,
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在這裡，如果攝影鏡頭可以帶到的話，
20:08
that is a small antenna.
495
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這是一個小天線。
20:11
Underneath my heel, there is a sensor
496
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我腳跟的下面有一個傳感器，
20:14
that detects when my foot leaves the ground --
497
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它測檢到我的腳離開地面 --
20:16
what's called the heel lift.
498
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所謂腳跟的抬起。
20:18
This thing blinks all the time; I'll leave it out, so you might be able to see it.
499
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這東西總是閃爍着，我放它出來，你也許能看到它。
20:21
But this is blinking all the time. It's sending signals in real time.
500
1206000
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這總是閃爍的東西。它發送實時的信號。
20:24
And if you walk faster, if I walk faster,
501
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如果你走得快，即是如果我走得快，
20:27
it detects what's called the time interval,
502
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它測檢到所謂的時間間隔，
20:29
which is the interval between each heel lift.
503
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即是每腳跟抬起的間隔。
20:31
And it accelerates the amount and level of the stimulation.
504
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它便加速刺激的數量和水平。
20:35
The other things they've worked on -- I didn't have time to say this in my talk --
505
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他們其他的工作 -- 我沒有時間在這裡談 --
20:38
is they've restored functional hearing
506
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便是他們已經幫助數千位的失聰人士
20:40
to thousands of deaf people.
507
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2000
成功恢復聽覺。
20:42
I could tell you the story: this was going to be an abandoned technology,
508
1227000
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我可以告訴你這個故事：這本來是一個被遺棄的技術，
20:45
but Alfred Mann met the doctor who was going to retire,
509
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但阿爾弗雷德•曼恩會見了將要退休的醫生，
20:47
[Dr. Schindler.]
510
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[辛德勒博士。]
20:49
And he was going to retire -- all the technology was going to be lost,
511
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而他將要退休 -- 所有的技術是將會被丟失，
20:52
because not a single medical manufacturer would take it on
512
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因為沒一個醫學製造商願意將它採取，
20:55
because it was a small issue.
513
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因為它是一個小問題。
20:57
But there's millions of deaf people in the world,
514
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但世界上有數百萬的失聰人士，
21:00
and the Cochlear implant has given hearing to thousands of deaf people now.
515
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而現在人工耳蝸給予數千位失聰人士聽覺能力。
21:03
It works.
516
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它實在有用。
21:05
And the other thing is they're working on artificial retinas for the blind.
517
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而他們其他的努力正是在開發人工視網膜給予失明人士。
21:08
And this, this is the implantable generation.
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而這個，這個是可植入的科技世代。
21:11
Because what I didn't say in my talk
519
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因為我在演說並沒有談到的是
21:13
is this is actually exoskeletal.
520
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這實際上是骨骼外。
21:15
I should clarify that.
521
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我要澄清。
21:17
Because the first generation is exoskeletal,
522
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由於第一代是骨骼外置，
21:19
it's wrapped around the leg,
523
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2000
它纏着腿，
21:21
around the affected limb.
524
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纏着受影響的肢體周圍。
21:23
I must tell you, they're an amazing --
525
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我必須告訴你，他們是驚人的 --
21:25
there's a hundred people who work in that building --
526
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在該建築物裡有一百個人在工作--
21:27
engineers, scientists,
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工程師，科學家
21:29
and other team members -- all the time.
528
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和其他團隊成員 -- 所有的時間在工作。
21:31
Alfred Mann has set up this foundation
529
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阿爾弗雷德•曼恩建立了這個基金會，
21:34
to advance this research
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以推進這一研究，
21:36
because he saw
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因為他看到，
21:38
there's no way venture capital would come in for something like this.
532
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沒有一個創投會投資這種研究。
21:41
The audience is too small.
533
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目標群眾實在太小了。
21:43
You'd think, there's plenty of paralyzed people in the world,
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你會想說，世界上有大量癱瘓的人，
21:45
but the audience is too small,
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但群眾數目太小了，
21:47
and the amount of research, the time it takes,
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而且要大量的研究，所花費的時間，
21:50
the FDA clearances,
537
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FDA (美國食品藥物監督管理局) 的許可，
21:52
the payback time is too long
538
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投資回報期實在太長了
21:54
for V.C. to be interested.
539
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讓創投人士沒有興趣。
21:56
So he saw a need and he stepped in.
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因此，他認為有需要便實行了。
21:58
He's a very, very remarkable man.
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他是一個非常，非常了不起的人。
22:01
He's done a lot of very cutting-edge science.
542
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他研發了很多非常尖端的科學技術。
22:04
LP: So when you get a chance, spend some time with Simon.
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Lakshmi Pratury：所以當你有機會，請與西蒙談談。
22:06
Thank you. Thank you.
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謝謝。謝謝。
22:08
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Simon Lewis - Author, producerSimon Lewis is the author of "Rise and Shine," a memoir about his remarkable recovery from a car accident and coma, and his new approach to our own consciousness.
Why you should listen
Born in London, Simon Lewis is a film and television producer and author. After earning law degrees from Christ's College Cambridge and Boalt Hall, Berkeley, Lewis moved to Los Angeles, where his Hollywood experience includes managing writers, directors and stars, as well as producing Look Who's Talking, critically acclaimed films such as The Chocolate War, the Emmy-winning international co-production for HBO and ITV Central A Month of Sundays (Age Old Friends), and variety specials starring Howie Mandel.
He's the author of Rise and Shine, a memoir that uses his personal story -- of recovery from coma -- to illustrate deep and universal insights about consciousness itself. An acclaimed author, speaker and commentator, Lewis uses creative visualizations that fuse cutting-edge medicine, scientific research and digital art to illustrate solutions to society’s most pressing problem: the erosion of consciousness and need for solutions to nurture and grow our minds through cognitive and other therapies.
An advocate for change in how we educate our children and ourselves, he says that we must not take our consciousness for granted, but use specific tools to screen and detect learning weaknesses and prevent academic failure. Bridge the gap from our potential mind toward our actual mind and maximize consciousness itself across our population, from child to adult.
The Atavist magazine devoted Issue No. 7 to Chris Colin's in-depth biographical profile of Lewis, called "Blindsight." Read a review or buy the issue.
Simon Lewis | Speaker | TED.com