Andrew Marantz: Inside the bizarre world of internet trolls and propagandists
Andrew Marantz: O interior do mundo bizarro dos "trolls" e dos propagandistas da Internet
Andrew Marantz writes narrative journalism about politics, the internet and the way we understand our world. Full bio
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people on the internet.
da Internet.
a lot of toxic garbage out there:
imenso lixo tóxico.
viral misinformation.
desinformações virais.
who was making this stuff.
quem fazia estas coisas.
how they were spreading it.
como se espalhavam.
it might be having on our society.
na nossa sociedade.
some of these memes back to their source,
estes 'memes' até à sua origem,
or who were making them go viral.
ou a quem os tornasse virais.
Posso ver o que fazes?"
Can I come watch you do what you do?"
Brooklyn globalist Jew cuck
judeu de Brooklyn
Partido Democrático?"
"Look, man, that's only 57 percent true."
"Pá, só tens razão em 57%.
outras respostas.
in the living room
à sala de estar
da Califórnia do Sul.
in Southern California.
in his late 30s.
na casa dos trinta.
with a mug of coffee,
com uma chávena de café,
to Periscope and YouTube.
para o Periscope e o YouTube.
noxious talking points
as suas opiniões nocivas e marginais
the American conversation.
num dos dias que lá estive,
had a Muslim-sounding name.
tinha um nome que parecia muçulmano.
this seemed like an opportunity,
para o propagandista da Califórnia
almost all immigration,
quase toda a imigração,
worked up into a frenzy
fizessem um tumulto
was going to kill us all
abertas nos iria matar
images like this one.
e filantropo húngaro,
and philanthropist,
of some conspiracists online,
de alguns conspiradores 'online',
a globalist bogeyman,
um papão globalista
manipulating all of global affairs.
todos os assuntos mundiais.
if this idea sounds familiar to you,
se isto vos soa familiar,
who control the world
controlarem o mundo
serem judeus ricos,
anti-Semitic tropes in existence.
mais antissemitas que existem.
in New York who planted that bomb,
colocou a bomba em Nova Iorque
o principal problema.
he understood all this.
percebia perfeitamente.
Aliás, era advogado.
He was actually a lawyer.
do not drive conversation online.
os que não criavam uma conversa 'online'.
é a emoção.
era o de juntar as pessoas,
to bring us all together,
mais tolerante e justo...
and tolerant and fair ...
have never been built
não foram construídos
what's true or false,
what's prosocial and what's antisocial.
e distinguir o pró-social do antissocial.
is measure engagement:
é medir as interações:
retweets, that kind of thing.
'retweets' e coisas do género.
to get engagement,
seja interativo,
call "high-arousal emotion."
a chamada "excitação emocional".
mean sexual arousal,
uma conotação sexual,
obviously that works.
dá para tudo.
that gets people's hearts pumping.
que deixa as pessoas entusiasmadas.
but dozens of them,
eram umas dezenas deles,
again and again successfully,
repetido no que faziam.
not because they were tech prodigies,
ou peritos em computadores,
unique political insights --
particulares.
how social media worked,
como funcionam as redes sociais
to exploit it to their advantage.
de tirarem proveito disso.
um fenómeno específico,
this was a fringe phenomenon,
relegated to the internet.
between the internet and everything else.
a Internet de tudo o resto.
on multiple TV stations
em vários canais de TV,
para o Congresso de 2018,
that one of the candidates
que um dos candidatos
internacional George Soros,
international manipulator George Soros,
next to stacks of cash.
ao pé de maços de notas.
the President of the United States,
manipulated by George Soros.
eram manipulados por George Soros.
and marginal and, frankly, just ignorable,
insignificante e ignorável,
that we hardly even notice it.
que quase não reparamos.
passei três anos neste mundo.
three years in this world.
no core beliefs at all.
crenças principais de todo.
perfectly rationally,
de forma racional
to make some money online
ou obter atenção 'online',
as outrageous as possible.
escandalosos possível.
who were true ideologues.
verdadeiros ideólogos.
was not traditional conservatism.
não eram os típicos conservadores.
to revoke female suffrage.
acabar com o sufrágio feminino.
to go back to racial segregation.
aos tempos da segregação racial.
with democracy altogether.
were not born believing these things.
não nasceram com estas crenças.
in elementary school.
down some internet rabbit hole,
antes de entrarem na Internet,
or they had been socialist
todos os casos,
of a high IQ and a low EQ.
e baixa inteligência emocional.
in anonymous, online spaces
em espaços 'online' anónimos,
to these message boards
ou em 'subreddits',
would be magnified.
eram amplificados.
something just as a sick joke,
simples piada de mau gosto,
positive reinforcement for that joke,
imensa validação pela piada,
como lhe chamavam,
"internet points," as they called it,
believing their own joke.
na sua própria piada.
who grew up in New Jersey,
que cresceu em Nova Jérsia.
she moved to a new place
mudou de cidade
alienada e ignorada
alienated and cut off
spaces on the internet
na Internet,
as coisas mais execráveis.
the most shocking, heinous things.
really off-putting
desconcertantes,
look away from it.
parar de as ver.
in these online spaces,
com pessoas destes espaços,
they made her feel validated.
inteligente e validada.
daqueles 'memes' polémicos
some of these shocking memes
with some of her new internet friends
com amigos da Internet
na Virgínia,
em nome da raça branca.
in the name of the white race.
from Obama supporter
de apoiante do Obama
completamente radicalizada.
out of the cult of white supremacy.
desse culto da supremacia branca.
I spoke to were not.
não conseguiram.
that I had to find common ground
de ter de encontrar um terreno comum
you're a fascist propagandist, I'm not,
És um propagandista fascista. Eu não.
all our differences will melt away."
e esquecer as nossas diferenças."
just look away from this stuff.
não podemos ignorar estas coisas.
because only by understanding it
porque, só por aí,
ourselves against it.
I got a few nasty phone calls,
recebi chamadas horríveis,
female journalists get on this beat.
com o que as jornalistas aguentam.
couldn't tell I was Jewish,
muitos nazis não repararam nisso,
kind of disappointing.
is being a professional anti-Semite.
é ser um antissemita profissional,
is tipping you off at all?
I write for "The New Yorker,"
escrevo para o "The New Yorker",
is like if a Seinfeld episode
é a de um episódio do "Seinfeld"
it would be nice
seria ótimo
equals 12 percent chance of Nazi.
dá 12% de hipótese de ser nazi.
being descriptive, not prescriptive.
do que normativo.
of the internet like you and I
da Internet como nós todos
a little bit less toxic.
o ambiente menos tóxico.
um cético sagaz.
two kinds of skepticism.
epistemological information here,
informações epistemológicas,
ceticismo sagaz e ceticismo parvo.
questionar todas as alegações,
it sounds like skepticism,
soa a ceticismo,
to knee-jerk contrarianism.
para ser só do contra.
I'm skeptical about that."
I have spoken to in the last few years
o número de rapazes brancos
they're all trying to indoctrinate me
querem fazer-me acreditar"
and white privilege,
man, I don't think so."
brancos do contra,
white teens of the world --
and a male privilege skeptic
dos privilégios masculinos,
you're being a jerk.
estão a ser parvos.
we all should be independent-minded,
espíritos independentes,
liberdade de expressão.
who will say, "Well, I'm pro-free speech,"
dizer que são a favor disso,
that it's like they're settling a debate,
a apaziguar um debate,
of any meaningful conversation.
o início de uma conversa profunda.
happens after that point.
acontece depois disso.
Mas o que é isso?"
What does that mean?
and Richard Spencer
e o Richard Spencer
can harass anyone else online
assediar todos 'online',
the entire list of TED speakers this year.
de oradores da TED deste ano.
que duvidasse da forma da Terra.
round earth skeptic.
da liberdade de expressão?
it's wonderful to be pro-free speech,
da liberdade de expressão
e o repetimos vezes sem conta,
how to say again and again,
of a more productive conversation.
uma conversa produtiva.
outra vez...
to Reddit or YouTube or Facebook,
ia ao Reddit, ao YouTube ou ao Facebook
what the algorithms showed me, right?
me mostravam?
across the United States?"
a espalhar-se pelos EUA?"
bizarre dynamic online,
dinâmica 'online' bizarra,
propaganda fanática
perigosa e fixe,
and human decency as pearl-clutching
e a decência humana
ou simplesmente enfadonho.
whether intentionally or not,
sejam intencionais ou não,
is great for engagement.
é ótima para a interação.
everyone comments on it,
that has to happen here
que tem de acontecer
to fix their platforms.
corrigirem as suas plataformas.
and you work at a social media company
numa empresa duma rede social,
or, I don't know, own one,
ou sejam donos de uma:
for maximum emotional engagement
em prol de interações emocionais
to be actively harming the world,
de melhorar outra coisa qualquer.
on them to do that
and hoping that they'll do that,
eles façam alguma coisa,
the rest of us can do, too.
outras coisas.
or suggest some better pathways
melhores caminhos
possam percorrer.
is really creative and thoughtful
que seja criativo ou atencioso
you can share that thing,
podem fazê-lo,
de excitação emocional.
with high arousal emotion.
estas coisas são importantes,
this stuff does matter,
por mais poderosos que sejam,
as powerful as they are,
behavioral cues from us.
it was really fashionable
was a revolutionary tool
uma ferramenta revolucionária
irredeemable dumpster fire.
de uma lixeira irrecuperável.
is just too vast and complex
é tão grande e complexa
só boa ou só má.
these ways of thinking,
that the internet will inevitably save us
de que nos vai salvar, inevitavelmente
de que nos vai destruir, inevitavelmente
will inevitably destroy us,
ourselves off the hook.
about our future.
no nosso futuro.
at social media companies.
nas empresas de redes sociais.
das 'hashtags'.
progride ou regride.
for some inevitable future to arrive
que chegue algum futuro inevitável,
that the arc of the moral universe is long
o arco do universo moral é amplo
by some mysterious force.
que o inclina.
mas também mais libertadora,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Marantz - WriterAndrew Marantz writes narrative journalism about politics, the internet and the way we understand our world.
Why you should listen
Since 2016, Andrew Marantz has been at work on a book about the perils of virality, the myth of linear progress and the American far right. To report the book, he spent several years embedded with some of the conspiracists, white supremacists and nihilist trolls who have become experts at using social media to advance their corrosive agendas. He also watched as some of social media's earliest and most influential founders started to reckon with the forces they'd unleashed. The book, forthcoming in October from Viking Press, is called Antisocial: Online Extremists, Techno-Utopians, and the Hijacking of the American Conversation.
Marantz is also a contributor to Radiolab and The New Yorker Radio Hour, and has written for Harper's, Mother Jones, the New York Times and many other outlets. He holds an undergraduate degree in religion from Brown University and a master's degree in literary nonfiction from New York University. He lives in Brooklyn with his wife, who is a criminal-justice reformer; his two-year-old son, who is an excellent dancer; and an endless supply of peanut butter.
Andrew Marantz | Speaker | TED.com