TED2018
Tommy McCall: The simple genius of a good graphic
Tomi Makol (Tommy McCall): Jednostavna genijalnost dobrog grafikona
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U govoru koji je delom lekcija iz istorije, a delom ljubavno pismo grafikonima, informacioni dizajner Tomi Makol prati trag viševekovnog razvoja grafikona i dijagrama i pokazuje kako se složeni podaci mogu oblikovati u lepe oblike. „Grafikoni koji nam pomažu da brže razmišljamo ili da vidimo informacije čitave knjige na samo jednoj strani predstavljaju ključ novih otkrića“, kaže Makol.
Tommy McCall - Information designer
Tommy McCall specializes in presenting complex and rich data sets. Full bio
Tommy McCall specializes in presenting complex and rich data sets. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Volim infografike.
00:12
I love infographics.
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00:14
As an information designer,
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Kao informacioni dizajner,
00:16
I've worked with all sorts of data
over the past 25 years.
over the past 25 years.
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radio sam sa najrazličitijim podacima
tokom proteklih 25 godina.
tokom proteklih 25 godina.
00:19
I have a few insights to share,
but first: a little history.
but first: a little history.
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Imam nekoliko uvida koje ću podeliti,
ali najpre malo istorije.
ali najpre malo istorije.
00:24
Communication is the encoding,
transmission and decoding of information.
transmission and decoding of information.
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Komunikacija je kodiranje,
prenos i dekodiranje informacija.
prenos i dekodiranje informacija.
00:30
Breakthroughs in communication mark
turning points in human culture.
turning points in human culture.
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Prodori u komunikaciji označavaju
prekretnice u ljudskoj kulturi.
prekretnice u ljudskoj kulturi.
00:35
Oracy, literacy and numeracy
were great developments in communication.
were great developments in communication.
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Govorno izražavanje, pismenost i računanje
bili su veliki pomaci u komunikaciji.
bili su veliki pomaci u komunikaciji.
00:40
They allow us to encode ideas into words
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Omogućavaju nam da pretvorimo ideje u reči
00:42
and quantities into numbers.
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i količine u brojeve.
00:45
Without communication, we'd still
be stuck in the Stone Ages.
be stuck in the Stone Ages.
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Bez komunikacije još bismo bili
zaglavljeni u kamenom dobu.
zaglavljeni u kamenom dobu.
00:49
Although humans have been around
for a quarter million years,
for a quarter million years,
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Iako su ljudi prisutni u svetu
četvrt miliona godina,
četvrt miliona godina,
tek pre oko 8 000 godina su počeli
da se pojavljuju prvi oblici pisanja.
da se pojavljuju prvi oblici pisanja.
00:52
it was only 8,000 years ago
that proto-writings began to surface.
that proto-writings began to surface.
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00:56
Nearly 3,000 years later, the first
proper writing systems took shape.
proper writing systems took shape.
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Skoro 3 000 godina kasnije
uobličeni su prvi pravi sistemi pisanja.
uobličeni su prvi pravi sistemi pisanja.
01:03
Maps have been around for millennia
and diagrams for hundreds of years,
and diagrams for hundreds of years,
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Mape postoje čitav milenijum,
a dijagrami stotinama godina,
a dijagrami stotinama godina,
01:08
but representing quantities
through graphics
through graphics
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ali predstavljanje količina
preko grafikona
preko grafikona
01:11
is a relatively new development.
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je relativno novo otkriće.
01:13
It wasn't until 1786 that William Playfair
invented the first bar chart,
invented the first bar chart,
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Tek 1786. godine Vilijam Plejfer
izumeo je prvi stupčani grafikon,
izumeo je prvi stupčani grafikon,
01:18
giving birth to visual display
of quantitative information.
of quantitative information.
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čime je doneo na svet vizuelni prikaz
kvantitativnih informacija.
kvantitativnih informacija.
01:22
Fifteen years later, he introduced
the first pie and area charts.
the first pie and area charts.
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Petnaest godina kasnije je predstavio
prve kružne i površinske grafikone.
prve kružne i površinske grafikone.
01:27
His inventions are still the most
commonly used chart forms today.
commonly used chart forms today.
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Njegovi izumi su i dan-danas
najčešće korišćene vrste grafikona.
najčešće korišćene vrste grafikona.
01:32
Florence Nightingale invented
the coxcomb in 1857
the coxcomb in 1857
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Florens Najtingejl je izumela
polarni dijagram 1857. godine
polarni dijagram 1857. godine
01:36
for a presentation to Queen Victoria
on troop mortality.
on troop mortality.
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za prezentaciju kraljici Viktoriji
na temu mortaliteta u vojsci.
na temu mortaliteta u vojsci.
01:40
Highlighted in blue,
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Istaknuto plavom bojom,
01:41
she showed how most troops' deaths
could have been prevented.
could have been prevented.
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pokazala je kako se većina
smrtnih slučajeva u vojsci mogla izbeći.
smrtnih slučajeva u vojsci mogla izbeći.
01:47
Shortly after, Charles Minard charted
Napoleon's march on Moscow,
Napoleon's march on Moscow,
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Ubrzo nakon toga, Šarl Minard je napravio
grafikon Napoleonovog marša na Moskvu,
grafikon Napoleonovog marša na Moskvu,
01:52
illustrating how an army of 422,000
dwindled to just 10,000
dwindled to just 10,000
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čime je ilustrovao kako se vojska
od 422 000 ljudi smanjila na svega 10 000
od 422 000 ljudi smanjila na svega 10 000
01:57
as battles, geography and freezing
temperatures took their toll.
temperatures took their toll.
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kako su bitke, geografija
i niske temperature uzimale danak.
i niske temperature uzimale danak.
02:01
He combined a Sankey diagram
with cartography
with cartography
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Spojio je Sankijev dijagram
sa kartografijom
sa kartografijom
02:05
and a line chart for temperature.
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i linijskim grafikonom za temperaturu.
02:09
I get excited when I get
lots of data to play with,
lots of data to play with,
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Uzbudim se kada dobijem
mnogo podataka za igranje,
mnogo podataka za igranje,
02:11
especially when it yields
an interesting chart form.
an interesting chart form.
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naročito kada daju
zanimljiv oblik grafikona.
zanimljiv oblik grafikona.
02:17
Here, Nightingale's coxcomb
was the inspiration
was the inspiration
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Ovde je Najtingejlin polarni dijagram
poslužio kao inspiracija
poslužio kao inspiracija
za organizaciju podataka o hiljadama
federalnih subvencija za energiju,
federalnih subvencija za energiju,
02:21
to organize data on thousands
of federal energy subsidies,
of federal energy subsidies,
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preispitujući nedostatke ulaganja
u obnovljiva u odnosu na fosilna goriva.
u obnovljiva u odnosu na fosilna goriva.
02:24
scrutinizing the lack of investment
in renewables over fossil fuels.
in renewables over fossil fuels.
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02:30
This Sankey diagram illustrates
the flow of energy through the US economy,
the flow of energy through the US economy,
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Sankijev dijagram ilustruje
protok energije kroz ekonomiju SAD-a,
protok energije kroz ekonomiju SAD-a,
02:34
emphasizing how nearly half
of the energy used is lost as waste heat.
of the energy used is lost as waste heat.
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naglašavajući kako je gotovo polovina
iskorišćene energije protraćena toplota.
iskorišćene energije protraćena toplota.
02:42
I love it when data can be sculpted
into beautiful shapes.
into beautiful shapes.
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Volim kada se podaci
mogu oblikovati u lepe oblike.
mogu oblikovati u lepe oblike.
02:45
Here, the personal and professional
connections of the women of Silicon Valley
connections of the women of Silicon Valley
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Ovde se od ličnih i profesionalnih veza
žena u Silicijumskoj dolini
žena u Silicijumskoj dolini
mogu istkati lukovi,
02:50
can be woven into arcs,
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isto kao što se saradnja pronalazača
koji su proizveli patente širom sveta
koji su proizveli patente širom sveta
02:54
same as the collaboration of inventors
birthing patents across the globe
birthing patents across the globe
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može predstaviti kao mapa.
02:58
can be mapped.
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Čak sam napravio i grafikone za sebe.
03:01
I've even made charts for me.
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Ja se bolje snalazim sa brojevima,
pa retko pobeđujem u „Skreblu“.
pa retko pobeđujem u „Skreblu“.
03:03
I'm a numbers person,
so I rarely win at Scrabble.
so I rarely win at Scrabble.
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03:06
I made this diagram to remember
all the two- and three-letter words
all the two- and three-letter words
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Napravio sam dijagram da bih se setio
svih reči od dva ili tri slova
svih reči od dva ili tri slova
03:09
in the official Scrabble dictionary.
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u zvaničnom „Skreblovom“ rečniku.
03:11
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
Poznavanje ovih 1 168 reči
zasigurno značajno menja situaciju.
zasigurno značajno menja situaciju.
03:12
Knowing these 1,168 words
certainly is a game changer.
certainly is a game changer.
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03:15
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:16
Sometimes I produce code
to quickly generate graphics
to quickly generate graphics
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Ponekad napravim kôd
da bih brzo proizveo grafike
da bih brzo proizveo grafike
03:20
from thousands of data points.
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iz hiljada podataka.
03:23
Coding also enables me
to produce interactive graphics.
to produce interactive graphics.
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Kodiranje mi takođe omogućava
da proizvedem interaktivne grafike.
da proizvedem interaktivne grafike.
03:26
Now we can navigate information
on our own terms.
on our own terms.
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Sada možemo da se krećemo kroz informacije
prema sopstvenom nahođenju.
prema sopstvenom nahođenju.
Svakako da egzotični oblici
grafikona izgledaju kul,
grafikona izgledaju kul,
03:32
Exotic chart forms certainly look cool,
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ali ponekad je nešto tako prosto
poput tačkice sve što vam treba
poput tačkice sve što vam treba
03:34
but something as simple
as a little dot may be all you need
as a little dot may be all you need
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03:37
to solve a particular thinking task.
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da biste rešili određeni misaoni zadatak.
03:41
In 2006, the "New York Times"
redesigned their "Markets" section,
redesigned their "Markets" section,
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Godine 2006. „Njujork Tajms“ promenio je
dizajn svog odeljka o tržištima,
dizajn svog odeljka o tržištima,
tako što ga je skratio
sa osam stranica spiskova akcija
sa osam stranica spiskova akcija
03:45
cutting it down from eight pages
of stock listings
of stock listings
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03:48
to just one and a half pages
of essential market data.
of essential market data.
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na samo jednu i po stranicu
osnovnih tržišnih podataka.
osnovnih tržišnih podataka.
03:52
We listed performance metrics
for the most common stocks,
for the most common stocks,
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Naveli smo pokazatelje učinka
za najčešće deonice,
za najčešće deonice,
03:55
but I wanted to help investors
see how the stocks are doing.
see how the stocks are doing.
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ali želeo sam da pomognem ulagačima
da vide kako akcije napreduju.
da vide kako akcije napreduju.
03:59
So I added a simple little dot
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Zato sam dodao jednostavnu tačkicu,
04:01
to show the current price
relative to its one-year range.
relative to its one-year range.
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da bih prikazao trenutnu cenu u odnosu
na njen opseg u toku jedne godine.
na njen opseg u toku jedne godine.
Ulagači usmereni na vrednost
mogu na prvi pogled da odaberu akcije
mogu na prvi pogled da odaberu akcije
04:06
At a glance, value investors can pick out
stocks trading near their lows
stocks trading near their lows
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koje se prodaju po nižoj ceni
tako što će tražiti tačke levo.
tako što će tražiti tačke levo.
04:10
by looking for dots to the left.
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04:12
Momentum investors can find stocks
on an upward trajectory
on an upward trajectory
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Ulagači usmereni na kontinuirani rast
mogu pronaći akcije sa uzlaznom putanjom
mogu pronaći akcije sa uzlaznom putanjom
04:16
via dots to the right.
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pomoću tačkica na desnoj strani.
04:18
Shortly after, the "Wall Street Journal"
copied the design.
copied the design.
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Ubrzo potom, „Vol Strit žurnal“
kopirao je ovaj dizajn.
kopirao je ovaj dizajn.
04:21
Simplicity is often the goal
for most graphics,
for most graphics,
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Jednostavnost je često cilj
za većinu grafikona,
za većinu grafikona,
04:24
but sometimes we need
to embrace complexity
to embrace complexity
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ali ponekad moramo
da pribegnemo složenosti
da pribegnemo složenosti
04:27
and show large data sets
in their full glory.
in their full glory.
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i pokažemo velike skupove podataka
u njihovom punom sjaju.
u njihovom punom sjaju.
04:32
Alec Gallup, the former chairman
of the Gallup Organization,
of the Gallup Organization,
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Alek Galup, bivši predsednik
organizacije Galup,
organizacije Galup,
jednom mi je dao veoma obimnu knjigu.
04:36
once handed me a very thick book.
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04:38
It was his family's legacy:
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Bila je to zaostavština njegove porodice,
04:39
hundreds of pages covering six decades
of presidential approval data.
of presidential approval data.
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stotine strana koje pokrivaju šest dekada
podataka o rejtingu predsednika.
podataka o rejtingu predsednika.
04:44
I told him the entire book
could be graphed on a single page.
could be graphed on a single page.
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Rekao sam mu da se čitava knjiga može
predstaviti grafikonom na jednoj strani.
predstaviti grafikonom na jednoj strani.
04:47
"Impossible," he said.
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„Nemoguće“, rekao je.
04:50
And here it is:
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I evo,
04:52
25,000 data points on a single page.
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25 000 podataka na jednoj strani.
04:55
At a glance, one sees that most presidents
start with a high approval rating,
start with a high approval rating,
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Na prvi pogled se može videti da većina
predsednika počinje visokim rejtingom,
predsednika počinje visokim rejtingom,
04:58
but few keep it.
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ali samo nekolicina ga zadrži.
05:00
Events like wars initially boost approval;
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Događaji poput ratova
u početku poboljšaju rejting,
u početku poboljšaju rejting,
05:02
scandals trigger declines.
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a skandali podstiču pogoršanje.
05:05
These major events were annotated
in the graphic but not in the book.
in the graphic but not in the book.
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Ovi značajni događaji su zabeleženi
na grafikonu, ali ne i u knjizi.
na grafikonu, ali ne i u knjizi.
05:09
The point is, graphics can transmit data
with incredible efficiency.
with incredible efficiency.
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Poenta je da grafikoni mogu prenositi
podatke uz neverovatnu efikasnost.
podatke uz neverovatnu efikasnost.
05:16
Graphicacy --
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Grafičnost -
05:17
the ability to read and write graphics --
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sposobnost čitanja i pisanja grafikona -
05:19
is still in its infancy.
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još je u svom začetku.
05:21
New chart forms will emerge
and specialized dialects will evolve.
and specialized dialects will evolve.
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Novi oblici grafikona će se pojaviti
i razviće se specijalizovani dijalekti.
i razviće se specijalizovani dijalekti.
Grafikoni koji nam pomažu
da brže razmišljamo
da brže razmišljamo
05:25
Graphics that help us think faster
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05:27
or see a book's worth
of information on a single page
of information on a single page
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ili da vidimo informacije čitave knjige
na jednoj jedinoj strani
na jednoj jedinoj strani
05:30
are the key to unlocking new discoveries.
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predstavljaju ključ novih otkrića.
05:35
Our visual cortex was built
to decode complex information
to decode complex information
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Naš vizuelni korteks je stvoren
da dešifruje složene informacije
da dešifruje složene informacije
05:38
and is a master at pattern recognition.
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i majstor je u prepozavanju šablona.
05:41
Graphicacy enables us
to harness our built-in GPU
to harness our built-in GPU
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Grafičnost nam omogućava da iskoristimo
svoj urođeni grafički procesor
svoj urođeni grafički procesor
kako bismo obradili gomile podataka
05:44
to process mountains of data
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05:46
and find the veins of gold hiding within.
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i u njima našli skriveno blago.
05:49
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
05:50
(Applause and cheers)
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(Aplauz i klicanje)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tommy McCall - Information designerTommy McCall specializes in presenting complex and rich data sets.
Why you should listen
McCall founded and operates Infographics.com, a boutique data visualization agency that specializes in presenting complex and rich data sets. As an infographics designer, editor and producer, McCall brings together three realms of experience to present, visualize and understand complex data. As a designer, he aims to find the natural shape of the data and sculpt it into something captivating and beautiful. As a data editor, he finds the stories and shares the insights hidden within what is often a vast sea of information. As a producer, he oversees programmers, designers, data analysts, animators and illustrators to realize his vision.
McCall believes that graphicacy, the ability to communicate data through charts, diagrams and maps, is an emerging essential skill set, just as literacy and numeracy have been for past generations. He is excited by the opportunities to pioneer new chart forms to communicate specialized data sets as the collection and generation of data exponentially increase.
McCall was the infographics editor for Money Magazine and a graphics editor for the New York Times before launching his studio. He has explored over one hundred countries spanning all seven continents. Recently, he has taken a sabbatical to combine his a passion for travel with filmmaking to produce video "mediations" in ultra-high-definition intended for large-scale projection.
Tommy McCall | Speaker | TED.com