Vijay Kumar: The future of flying robots
فيجي كومار: مستقبل الروبوتات الطائرة
As the dean of the University of Pennsylvania's School of Engineering and Applied Science, Vijay Kumar studies the control and coordination of multi-robot formations. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
autonomous aerial robots
روبوتات جوية مستقلة
that you can buy today,
التي يمكنك شراءها اليوم،
to determine their position.
cameras and laser scanners,
كاميرات و ماسحات ضوئية ليزرية،
relative to those features,
all these features into a map,
كل هذه المعالم في خريطة،
to understand where the obstacles are
بتحديد مكان العقبات
we did inside our laboratory,
to go for longer distances.
على الذهاب لمسافات أطول.
what the robot sees with the camera.
ما يراه الروبوت بالكاميرا.
by a factor of four --
the map that it's building.
الخريطة التي تُبنى.
of the corridor around our laboratory.
للممر حول مختبرنا.
you'll see it enter our lab,
سترونه يدخل المختبر،
by the clutter that you see.
الفوضى التي ترونها.
of building high-resolution maps
خرائط بدقة عالية.
or outside the building
without actually going inside,
what happens inside the building.
with robots like this.
about 100 watts per pound.
a very short mission life.
that end up being very expensive --
مكلفة جدا
and the processors.
can you buy in an electronics store
من متجر الإليكترونيات
that has sensing onboard and computation?
وبها أجهزة إستشعار ومعالج؟
smartphone that you can buy off the shelf,
الذي يمكنك شراؤه من المتجر
can download from our app store.
يمكنك تحميله من متجر التطبيقات.
reading the letters, "TED" in this case,
of the "T" and the "E"
flying autonomously.
to make sure if the robot goes crazy,
لا يصبح الروبوت مهتاجًا،
these small robots,
behaviors, like you see here.
كما ترون هنا.
at two to three meters per second,
2 إلى 3 أمتار في الثانية،
as it changes direction.
smaller robots that can go faster
أصغر وأسرع
very unstructured environments.
الغير منتظمة.
gracefully coordinating its wings,
نسر ينسق برشاقة بين جناحيه
to grab prey out of the water,
لينتزع فريسته من الماء،
hoagie that it's grabbing out of thin air.
going at about three meters per second,
يطير بسرعة 3 م/ث،
coordinating its arms, its claws
منسقًا أذرعه ومخالبه،
to achieve this maneuver.
لينجز المناورة.
how the robot adapts its flight
than the width of the window.
and adjust the altitude
to make these even smaller,
أصغر حجمًا
in particular by honeybees.
and this is a slowed down video,
(فديو بالعرض البطيء)
the inertia is so lightweight --
ووزنه خفيف جدا
they bounce off my hand, for example.
على سبيل المثال.
that mimics the honeybee behavior.
يقلد سلوك النحل.
you get lower inertia.
تحصل أيضا على قصور ذاتي أقل.
you're resistant to collisions.
تصبح مقاوم للإصطدام.
we build small robots.
is only 25 grams in weight.
up to six meters per second.
ten times the speed of sound.
بعشرة أضعاف سرعة الضوء.
collision, at one-twentieth normal speed.
بسرعة 1/20 من المعدل الطبيعي.
of two meters per second,
prevents the propellers from entangling,
الذي يزن جرامين، يحميها من التشابك.
and the robot responds to the collisions.
والروبوت يستجيب لهذا التصادم.
to these small robots.
وصلنا لهذه الروبوتات الصغيرة.
of the number of Band-Aids we've ordered
التي طلبناها في الماضي
to compensate for these disadvantages.
لتعويض هذه العيوب.
to form large groups, or swarms.
في مجموعات كبيرة أو أسراب.
we try to create artificial robot swarms.
سرب صناعي من الروبوتات.
about networks of robots.
of sensing, communication, computation --
والتواصل والحساب
quite difficult to control and manage.
من الصعب التحكم فيها وإدارتها
three organizing principles
to develop our algorithms.
need to be aware of their neighbors.
أن يكون مدركا لجيرانه.
and communicate with their neighbors.
hijacked by a human operator, literally.
interact with each other,
able to lead this network of followers.
قيادة هذه الشبكة من الأتباع.
know where they're supposed to go.
to the positions of their neighbors.
the second organizing principle.
المبدأ التنظيمي الثاني.
with the principle of anonymity.
to the identities of their neighbors.
you introduce into the formation,
reacting to its neighbor.
to form the circular shape,
يجب أن تشكل شكل دائري،
without central coordination.
essentially give these robots
of the shape they need to execute.
as a function of time,
start from a circular formation,
stretch into a straight line,
kind of split-second coordination
that we are very interested in.
that we're facing worldwide.
علي نطاق العالم.
in this earth is malnourished.
مصاب بسوء التغذية.
has already been cultivated.
هي بالفعل قد زُرعت.
in the world is improving,
في تحسُن مستمر،
efficiency is actually declining.
في الحقيقة تنخفض.
shortage, crop diseases, climate change
و أمراض البذور وتغير المناخ
called Precision Farming in the community.
"Precision Farming" الإحكام الزراعي في المجتمع،
aerial robots through orchards,
أن الربوتات تحلق عبر البساتين،
precision models of individual plants.
to treat every patient individually,
models of individual plants
أننا نريد بناء نماذج فردية للنباتات
what kind of inputs every plant needs --
fertilizer and pesticide.
وسماد ومبيدات حشرية.
traveling through an apple orchard,
two of its companions
building a map of the orchard.
أنها تبني خريطة للبستان.
of every plant in this orchard.
that are being used on this robot.
التي تستخدم علي هذا الروبوت.
a standard color camera.
is a thermal camera.
a three-dimensional reconstruction
ترون بنية ثلاثية الأبعاد
as the sensors fly right past the trees.
حينما تعبر منها أجهزة الإستشعار.
we can do several things.
يمكن أن نفعل العديد من الأشياء.
thing we can do is very simple:
بسيط جدًا:
how many fruits she has in every tree
كم ثمرة لديه في كل شجرة
the yield in the orchard,
على تقدير المحصول في البستان،
chain downstream.
three-dimensional reconstructions,
وإنشاء أشكال ثلاثية الأبعاد،
to the amount of leaf area on every plant.
في كل شجرة.
photosynthesis is possible in every plant,
المحتمل في كل نبتة.
how healthy each plant is.
and infrared information,
وتحت الحمراء،
you can essentially see
not doing as well as other crops.
detecting the early onset of chlorosis --
عن الإصابة في الإخضرار.
by yellowing of leaves.
can easily spot this autonomously
ويمكنها إكتشاف ذلك بشكل تلقائي
that he or she has a problem
that can improve by about ten percent
the amount of inputs such as water
aerial robot swarms.
the people who actually create the future,
الذي إكتشف المستقبل
and Giuseppe Loianno,
demonstrations that you saw.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Vijay Kumar - RoboticistAs the dean of the University of Pennsylvania's School of Engineering and Applied Science, Vijay Kumar studies the control and coordination of multi-robot formations.
Why you should listen
At the General Robotics, Automation, Sensing and Perception (GRASP) Lab at the University of Pennsylvania, flying quadrotor robots move together in eerie formation, tightening themselves into perfect battalions, even filling in the gap when one of their own drops out. You might have seen viral videos of the quads zipping around the netting-draped GRASP Lab (they juggle! they fly through a hula hoop!). Vijay Kumar headed this lab from 1998-2004. He's now the dean of the School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, where he continues his work in robotics, blending computer science and mechanical engineering to create the next generation of robotic wonders.
Vijay Kumar | Speaker | TED.com