Vijay Kumar: The future of flying robots
Vijay Kumar: Le futur des robots volants
As the dean of the University of Pennsylvania's School of Engineering and Applied Science, Vijay Kumar studies the control and coordination of multi-robot formations. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
autonomous aerial robots
qui peuvent voler en autonomie,
that you can buy today,
acheter dans le commerce de nos jours,
to determine their position.
de déterminer sa position.
cameras and laser scanners,
caméras et lasers,
environnement.
autour de lui,
pour déterminer sa position relative
relative to those features,
à partir de ces données,
all these features into a map,
to understand where the obstacles are
savoir où se trouvent les obstacles
les collisions.
dans notre laboratoire,
we did inside our laboratory,
des distances plus grandes.
to go for longer distances.
what the robot sees with the camera.
ce que le robot voit à travers la caméra.
par quatre -
by a factor of four --
the map that it's building.
que le robot dessine.
of the corridor around our laboratory.
du couloir autour du labo.
entrer dans le labo,
you'll see it enter our lab,
au désordre qui y règne.
by the clutter that you see.
of building high-resolution maps
de dessiner des plans en haute résolution
du laboratoire ou même du bâtiment
or outside the building
without actually going inside,
d'aller à l'intérieur,
what happens inside the building.
le bâtiment.
with robots like this.
about 100 watts per pound.
100 watts par livre,
a very short mission life.
être que très courtes.
dont ils sont équipés
that end up being very expensive --
and the processors.
plus les processeurs.
can you buy in an electronics store
acheter dans un magasin d'électronique,
that has sensing onboard and computation?
et dispose de capteurs ?
smartphone that you can buy off the shelf,
que vous pouvez acheter en magasin,
can download from our app store.
de télécharger notre application.
reading the letters, "TED" in this case,
les lettres « TED »,
of the "T" and the "E"
flying autonomously.
en se repérant grâce à ça.
to make sure if the robot goes crazy,
si le robot bascule du côté obscur,
these small robots,
behaviors, like you see here.
plus agressifs, comme celui-ci.
at two to three meters per second,
mètres par seconde,
as it changes direction.
quand il change de direction.
smaller robots that can go faster
construire de robots plus petits,
des milieux sans structure.
very unstructured environments.
gracefully coordinating its wings,
to grab prey out of the water,
sortir sa proie de l'eau,
partir à la pêche.
hoagie that it's grabbing out of thin air.
un sandwich au vol.
going at about three meters per second,
c'est-à-dire plus vite que
coordinating its arms, its claws
ses bras, ses pinces et son vol
to achieve this maneuver.
permet d'effectuer cette manœuvre.
how the robot adapts its flight
adapte son plan de vol
en suspension,
than the width of the window.
la structure dans laquelle il doit passer.
and adjust the altitude
et faire passer le chargement
encore plus petit,
to make these even smaller,
in particular by honeybees.
des abeilles.
and this is a slowed down video,
dans cette vidéo ralentie.
the inertia is so lightweight --
et soumises à si peu d'inertie,
they bounce off my hand, for example.
elles rebondissent sur ma main.
that mimics the honeybee behavior.
des abeilles.
you get lower inertia.
mieux vous résistez aux collisions.
you're resistant to collisions.
comme des abeilles.
we build small robots.
is only 25 grams in weight.
up to six meters per second.
ten times the speed of sound.
à 3 fois la vitesse du son.
collision, at one-twentieth normal speed.
en vol planifiée, ralentie 20 fois.
of two meters per second,
est de 2 m/s,
prevents the propellers from entangling,
évite aux hélices de s'emmêler,
and the robot responds to the collisions.
et le robot réagit à la collision.
pour développer ces robots,
to these small robots.
des tout petits.
of the number of Band-Aids we've ordered
de notre consommation de pansements,
quasiment nulle maintenant.
vraiment sûrs.
to compensate for these disadvantages.
des moyens de les compenser.
to form large groups, or swarms.
groupes, des essaims.
we try to create artificial robot swarms.
chose, et de créer des essaims de robots.
about networks of robots.
réseau de robots.
of sensing, communication, computation --
de la communication, de la programmation.
quite difficult to control and manage.
à contrôler et manœuvrer.
three organizing principles
d'organisation de la nature
to develop our algorithms.
need to be aware of their neighbors.
prenne son voisin en compte.
and communicate with their neighbors.
et de communiquer avec ses voisins.
hijacked by a human operator, literally.
détourné par un agent humain.
les uns avec les autres,
interact with each other,
able to lead this network of followers.
tout un réseau.
know where they're supposed to go.
tous les robots savent où ils vont.
to the positions of their neighbors.
à la position de leurs voisins.
the second organizing principle.
le deuxième principe d'organisation.
with the principle of anonymity.
to the identities of their neighbors.
de l'identité de leurs voisins.
you introduce into the formation,
ajoutés à la formation,
reacting to its neighbor.
par rapport à son voisin.
to form the circular shape,
without central coordination.
sans coordination globale.
de ces deux idées,
essentially give these robots
nous donnons à ces robots
of the shape they need to execute.
de la formation à exécuter.
as a function of time,
start from a circular formation,
commencer par un cercle,
stretch into a straight line,
s'étirer en ligne,
kind of split-second coordination
avec la même coordination instantanée
dans la nature.
avec des essaims ?
that we are very interested in.
applications qui nous intéressent le plus.
that we're facing worldwide.
le plus important.
in this earth is malnourished.
de malnutrition.
has already been cultivated.
toutes les terres cultivables.
in the world is improving,
ne cesse de s'améliorer,
efficiency is actually declining.
est en déclin.
shortage, crop diseases, climate change
des maladies, du changement climatique,
called Precision Farming in the community.
l'agriculture de précision.
aerial robots through orchards,
des robots dans des vergers,
precision models of individual plants.
informatiques précis de chaque plante.
to treat every patient individually,
individuellement,
models of individual plants
what kind of inputs every plant needs --
ce dont elles ont besoin individuellement.
fertilizer and pesticide.
ou des pesticides.
traveling through an apple orchard,
dans une plantation de pommiers,
deux de ses compagnons,
two of its companions
building a map of the orchard.
de construire une carte du verger.
il y a une carte de chacun des arbres.
of every plant in this orchard.
that are being used on this robot.
les caméras utilisées par ce robot.
a standard color camera.
une caméra classique ;
is a thermal camera.
a three-dimensional reconstruction
la reconstruction en 3D
as the sensors fly right past the trees.
créée au fil de l'avancée des capteurs.
we can do several things.
nous pouvons faire de nombreuses choses.
thing we can do is very simple:
la plus importante, est très simple :
sur chaque arbre.
how many fruits she has in every tree
de fruits il y a sur chaque arbre,
the yield in the orchard,
chain downstream.
la chaîne de production en aval.
prendre les mesures des plantes,
three-dimensional reconstructions,
puis mettre en relation
to the amount of leaf area on every plant.
le nombre de feuilles sur chaque plante.
l'indice de surface feuillue.
photosynthesis is possible in every plant,
de photosynthèse de chaque plante,
how healthy each plant is.
and infrared information,
visuelles et infrarouge,
comme le NDVI.
you can essentially see
not doing as well as other crops.
aussi bien que d'autres.
mais combine
et l'infrarouge.
qui nous intéresse est
detecting the early onset of chlorosis --
symptômes de la chlorose,
by yellowing of leaves.
un jaunissement des feuilles.
can easily spot this autonomously
des plantes peuvent la repérer facilement,
qu'il a un problème
that he or she has a problem
that can improve by about ten percent
les rendements d'environ 10 %,
en eau par exemple, d'au moins 25%.
the amount of inputs such as water
aerial robot swarms.
aux essaims de robots volants.
the people who actually create the future,
ceux qui créent le futur :
and Giuseppe Loianno,
et Giuseppe Loianno,
demonstrations that you saw.
que vous avez vues.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Vijay Kumar - RoboticistAs the dean of the University of Pennsylvania's School of Engineering and Applied Science, Vijay Kumar studies the control and coordination of multi-robot formations.
Why you should listen
At the General Robotics, Automation, Sensing and Perception (GRASP) Lab at the University of Pennsylvania, flying quadrotor robots move together in eerie formation, tightening themselves into perfect battalions, even filling in the gap when one of their own drops out. You might have seen viral videos of the quads zipping around the netting-draped GRASP Lab (they juggle! they fly through a hula hoop!). Vijay Kumar headed this lab from 1998-2004. He's now the dean of the School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, where he continues his work in robotics, blending computer science and mechanical engineering to create the next generation of robotic wonders.
Vijay Kumar | Speaker | TED.com