Cathy Mulzer: The incredible chemistry powering your smartphone
كاثي مولزر: كيف تعمل الهواتف الذكية حقًا
Cathy Mulzer works on the next generation of materials for all those electronic devices you love: your phone, your TV, your electric car. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
with my new Nokia phone,
ومعي هاتفي النوكيا الجديد،
the new, coolest replacement
والأكثر عصرية
could text or talk to each other
المراسلة والتحدث مع بعضنا
each other's backyards.
about how these devices were made.
كيف تم صنع هذه الأجهزة.
on Christmas morning,
في صباح عيد الميلاد،
by the elves in Santa's workshop.
الأقزام في ورشة سانتا.
that make these devices are?
الذين صنعوا هذه الأجهزة؟
software engineers in Silicon Valley,
سترة في سيليكون فالي،
من أنواع الترميز.
of electronic communications.
these insanely addictive devices.
التي تسبب الإدمان بشكل جنوني.
superhighway that we love,
عبر الإنترنت التي نحبها،
shiny paperweight.
على تفعيل كل هذه الطبقات.
those bright, vivid colors
الألوان الزاهية والحيوية باعتقادكم
embedded within the display,
and turn it into the blue, red and green
للألوان الأزرق والأحمر والأخضر
of traditional batteries
للبطاريات التقليدية
high surface area electrodes,
وبمساحة سطح واسعة،
in a smaller footprint of space,
على شحن أكثر بأقل مساحة ممكنة،
our devices all day long,
أجهزتنا طوال اليوم،
that bind it all together,
التي تجمع كل هؤلاء معًا،
our frequent usage?
أمام استعمالنا المتكرر؟
at least 200 times a day to check it,
على الأقل 200 مرة لأتفقده،
drop it two to three times.
of these devices?
the way that we love them so much?
المحببة لنا كثيرًا؟
with electrical components and circuitry
بالمكونات الكهربائية والدارات
to a printed circuit board.
you might have heard of that.
doesn't really get talked about a lot.
لا يتم التحدث عنها كثيرًا.
I don't know why that is.
it's the least sexy layer
other sleek-looking layers.
Clark Kent layer
a printed circuit board is?
that you want to get to:
التي تجعلكم تذهبون إليها:
that connect them all together.
كل هذا مع بعضه البعض.
things like restaurants,
to talk to each other.
to the hardware store,
we have our printed circuit board?
حصلنا على لوحة الدارة المطبوعة خاصتنا؟
on our friend: chemistry.
على صديقتنا: الكيمياء.
to make these tiny copper wires
هذه الأسلاك النحاسية
printed circuit board.
لوحة الدارة المطبوعة المعزولة.
positively charged spheres
a lot more than just that.
القيام بأكثر من ذلك.
on formaldehyde have a drive.
في الفورم ألدهيد استثارة.
positively charged copper spheres.
المشحونين إيجابًا.
known as redox chemistry.
بـ كيمياء الأكسدة.
charged copper spheres
النحاسية المشحونة إيجابًا
of those electrical components
على هذه المكونات الإلكترونية.
الكيمياء مرةً أخرى.
we've come with chemistry.
how we can shrink down our devices,
إمكاننا من تصغير حجم أجهزتنا،
Zack Morris cell phone
في سنوات الـ 1990
that can fit in our pockets.
into ladies' pants pockets,
في جيوب بناطيل النساء،
that has pockets.
can help us with that problem.
مساعدتنا في هذه المشكلة.
than shrinking the actual device,
the circuitry inside of it,
from the micron scale
more powerful and faster phones.
requires more circuitry.
electromagnetic shrink ray,
الكترومغناطيسية سحرية للتصغير،
in "Honey, I Shrunk the Kids"
في "عزيزتي، قلصت الأطفال"
that's pretty similar to that.
we take electromagnetic radiation,
إشعاع الكترومغناطيسي،
some of that circuitry,
into a really small space.
في مكان صغير جدًا.
that has a pattern on top of it
the way that we want it to.
and shine it through this mask,
of that pattern on the surface.
لذلك النمط على السطح.
can get through the mask,
الضوء العبور عبر القناع،
a chemical reaction to occur.
of that pattern into the substrate.
a chemical solution
all of the nonexposed areas
المناطق غير المتعرضة
fine lines and features,
to build up our devices,
الآن لبناء أجهزتنا،
to shrink down our devices.
that chemistry is the true hero,
بأن الكيمياء هي البطل الحقيقي،
about how to use chemistry
بكيفية استخدام الكيمياء
that we want something called 5G,
fifth generation of wireless.
من الاتصالات اللاسيلكية الموعودة.
that are starting to appear.
running out of the house to catch a plane,
من بيتي لألحق بالطائرة،
onto my device in 40 seconds
على جهازي خلال 40 ثانية
than how many movies
why is true 5G not here?
الـ 5G الحقيقي ليس هنا؟
those traditional materials and copper
المواد التقليدية والنحاس
to its final destination.
إلى هدفها الأخير.
really rough insulating layers
that make them stick together.
if you want to have a device
all of your apps on it.
close to that roughness.
بسرعة متقاربة لهذه الصلابة.
before it reaches its final destination.
that goes up and over it,
معقدة التي تمر عبرها وفوقها،
to get to the other side.
a really long time,
all of the mountains,
صعودًا ونزولًا جميع الجبال،
drilled a flat tunnel
بشكل مباشر عبر السلسلة؟
in our 5G devices.
that we needed that roughness
we're in a situation where now the copper
to that underlying substrate.
a house of Lego blocks,
that latch together,
التي تنقفل على بعضها البعض،
more structural integrity
ذات بنية هيكلية متكاملة
ripping through the living room,
غرفة الجلوس وتدمر،
and knock everything down?
وتطرح كل شيء أرضًا؟
on those smooth blocks?
لاصقا على اللبنات الملساء؟
the industry is waiting for.
to design new, smooth surfaces
with physicists and engineers
is going to skyrocket.
سيرتفع بشكل هستيري.
like self-driving cars,
أشياء مثل: سيارات قيادة ذاتية،
can handle the speeds
أن تتعامل مع السرعة
required to make that work.
with a friend that has a peanut allergy,
مع صديق لديه حساسية للفستق،
like our personal trainers.
for us to burn calories.
الخاصة بنا لحرق السعرات الحرارية.
some of these pregnancy pounds,
من باوندات الحمل هذه،
that could tell me how to do that.
أن يقول لي كيف يمكن فعل هذا.
another way of saying it,
electronic devices.
or take a selfie,
أو تلتقط سيلفي،
that are hard at work
listening to this talk,
want to play sidekick
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Cathy Mulzer - ElectrochemistCathy Mulzer works on the next generation of materials for all those electronic devices you love: your phone, your TV, your electric car.
Why you should listen
Early on during her educational years, Cathy Mulzer investigated one research topic in particular: How can we store even more energy in tinier spaces? As is often the case in research, it took several tries until the lightbulb of invention literally lit up for her -- which, in Mulzer's case, was an LED-bulb powered by special set of new organic polymer materials. Her scientific achievements were documented in several scientific publications, which were highlighted in the Cornell Chronicle in 2016. Her work was recognized with awards such as the DSM Science & Technology award in 2017, and she was named as one of 2018's "Talented 12" by the staff of Chemical & Engineering News.
As a senior scientist at DuPont’s Electronic & Imaging site in Marlborough, MA, Mulzer is part of a team that works in close collaboration with DuPont’s customers, seeking to innovate in material research and application to enable, for example, new sensors and sharper pictures in your smartphones. Moreover, Mulzer likes to engage in scientific discussions with the wider community -- through presentations and essays organized by the American Chemical Society, through seminars at her alma mater Marist College -- and also as part of outreach at local high schools to raise interest in scientific education.
Cathy Mulzer | Speaker | TED.com