TEDxMidwest
Majora Carter: 3 stories of local eco-entrepreneurship
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The future of green is local. Majora Carter tells three inspiring stories of people who are saving their own communities while saving the planet.
Majora Carter - Activist for environmental justice
Majora Carter redefined the field of environmental equality, starting in the South Bronx at the turn of the century. Now she is leading the local economic development movement across the USA. Full bio
Majora Carter redefined the field of environmental equality, starting in the South Bronx at the turn of the century. Now she is leading the local economic development movement across the USA. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
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So today, I'm going to tell you about some people
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who didn't move out of their neighborhoods.
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The first one is happening right here in Chicago.
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Brenda Palms-Farber was hired
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to help ex-convicts reenter society
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and keep them from going back into prison.
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Currently, taxpayers spend
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about 60,000 dollars per year
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sending a person to jail.
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We know that two-thirds of them are going to go back.
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I find it interesting that, for every one dollar
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we spend, however, on early childhood education,
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like Head Start,
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we save 17 dollars
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on stuff like incarceration in the future.
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Or -- think about it -- that 60,000 dollars
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is more than what it costs
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to send one person to Harvard as well.
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But Brenda, not being phased by stuff like that,
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took a look at her challenge
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and came up
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with a not-so-obvious solution:
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create a business
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that produces skin care products from honey.
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Okay, it might be obvious to some of you; it wasn't to me.
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It's the basis of growing a form of social innovation
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that has real potential.
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She hired seemingly unemployable men and women
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to care for the bees, harvest the honey
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and make value-added products
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that they marketed themselves,
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and that were later sold at Whole Foods.
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She combined employment experience and training
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with life skills they needed,
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like anger-management and teamwork,
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and also how to talk to future employers
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about how their experiences
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actually demonstrated the lessons that they had learned
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and their eagerness to learn more.
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Less than four percent
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of the folks that went through her program
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actually go back to jail.
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So these young men and women learned job-readiness
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and life skills through bee keeping
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and became productive citizens in the process.
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Talk about a sweet beginning.
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Now, I'm going to take you to Los Angeles,
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and lots of people know
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that L.A. has its issues.
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But I'm going to talk about L.A.'s water issues right now.
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They have not enough water on most days
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and too much to handle when it rains.
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Currently, 20 percent
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of California's energy consumption
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is used to pump water
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into mostly Southern California.
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Their spending loads, loads,
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to channel that rainwater out into the ocean
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when it rains and floods as well.
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Now Andy Lipkis is working to help
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L.A. cut infrastructure costs
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associated with water management and urban heat island --
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linking trees, people and technology
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to create a more livable city.
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All that green stuff actually naturally absorbs storm water,
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also helps cool our cities.
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Because, come to think about it,
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do you really want air-conditioning,
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or is it a cooler room that you want?
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How you get it shouldn't make that much of a difference.
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So a few years ago,
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L.A. County
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decided that they needed to spend 2.5 billion dollars
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to repair the city schools.
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And Andy and his team discovered
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that they were going to spend 200 million of those dollars
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on asphalt to surround the schools themselves.
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And by presenting a really strong economic case,
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they convinced the L.A. government
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that replacing that asphalt
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with trees and other greenery,
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that the schools themselves would save the system more on energy
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than they spend on horticultural infrastructure.
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So ultimately, 20 million square feet of asphalt
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was replaced or avoided,
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and electrical consumption for air-conditioning went down,
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while employment
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for people to maintain those grounds went up,
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resulting in a net-savings to the system,
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but also healthier students and schools system employees as well.
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Now Judy Bonds
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is a coal miner's daughter.
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Her family has eight generations
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in a town called Whitesville, West Virginia.
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And if anyone should be clinging
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to the former glory of the coal mining history,
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and of the town,
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it should be Judy.
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But the way coal is mined right now is different
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from the deep mines that her father
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and her father's father would go down into
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and that employed essentially thousands and thousands of people.
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Now, two dozen men
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can tear down a mountain in several months,
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and only for about a few years' worth of coal.
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That kind of technology is called "mountaintop removal."
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It can make a mountain go from this to this
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in a few short months.
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Just imagine that the air surrounding these places --
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it's filled with the residue of explosives and coal.
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When we visited, it gave some of the people we were with
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this strange little cough
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after being only there for just a few hours or so --
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not just miners, but everybody.
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And Judy saw her landscape being destroyed
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and her water poisoned.
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And the coal companies just move on
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after the mountain was emptied,
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leaving even more unemployment in their wake.
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But she also saw the difference in potential wind energy
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on an intact mountain,
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and one that was reduced in elevation
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by over 2,000 feet.
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Three years of dirty energy with not many jobs,
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or centuries of clean energy
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with the potential for developing expertise and improvements in efficiency
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based on technical skills,
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and developing local knowledge
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about how to get the most out of that region's wind.
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She calculated the up-front cost
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and the payback over time,
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and it's a net-plus on so many levels
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for the local, national and global economy.
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It's a longer payback than mountaintop removal,
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but the wind energy actually pays back forever.
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Now mountaintop removal pays very little money to the locals,
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and it gives them a lot of misery.
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The water is turned into goo.
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Most people are still unemployed,
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leading to most of the same kinds of social problems
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that unemployed people in inner cities also experience --
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drug and alcohol abuse,
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domestic abuse, teen pregnancy and poor heath, as well.
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Now Judy and I -- I have to say --
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totally related to each other.
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Not quite an obvious alliance.
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I mean, literally, her hometown is called Whitesville, West Virginia.
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I mean, they are not --
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they ain't competing for the birthplace of hip hop title
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or anything like that.
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But the back of my T-shirt, the one that she gave me,
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says, "Save the endangered hillbillies."
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So homegirls and hillbillies we got it together
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and totally understand that this is what it's all about.
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But just a few months ago,
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Judy was diagnosed
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with stage-three lung cancer.
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Yeah.
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And it has since moved to her bones and her brain.
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And I just find it so bizarre
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that she's suffering from the same thing
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that she tried so hard to protect people from.
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But her dream
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of Coal River Mountain Wind
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is her legacy.
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And she might not
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get to see that mountaintop.
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But rather than writing
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yet some kind of manifesto or something,
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she's leaving behind
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a business plan to make it happen.
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That's what my homegirl is doing.
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So I'm so proud of that.
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(Applause)
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But these three people
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don't know each other,
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but they do have an awful lot in common.
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They're all problem solvers,
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and they're just some of the many examples
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that I really am privileged to see, meet and learn from
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in the examples of the work that I do now.
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I was really lucky to have them all featured
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on my Corporation for Public Radio radio show
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called ThePromisedLand.org.
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Now they're all very practical visionaries.
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They take a look at the demands that are out there --
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beauty products, healthy schools, electricity --
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and how the money's flowing to meet those demands.
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And when the cheapest solutions
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involve reducing the number of jobs,
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you're left with unemployed people,
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and those people aren't cheap.
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In fact, they make up some of what I call the most expensive citizens,
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and they include generationally impoverished,
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traumatized vets returning from the Middle East,
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people coming out of jail.
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And for the veterans in particular,
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the V.A. said there's a six-fold increase
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in mental health pharmaceuticals by vets since 2003.
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I think that number's probably going to go up.
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They're not the largest number of people,
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but they are some of the most expensive --
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and in terms of the likelihood for domestic abuse, drug and alcohol abuse,
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poor performance by their kids in schools
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and also poor health as a result of stress.
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So these three guys all understand
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how to productively channel dollars
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through our local economies
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to meet existing market demands,
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reduce the social problems that we have now
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and prevent new problems in the future.
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And there are plenty of other examples like that.
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One problem: waste handling and unemployment.
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Even when we think or talk about recycling,
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lots of recyclable stuff ends up getting incinerated or in landfills
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and leaving many municipalities, diversion rates --
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they leave much to be recycled.
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And where is this waste handled? Usually in poor communities.
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And we know that eco-industrial business, these kinds of business models --
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there's a model in Europe called the eco-industrial park,
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where either the waste of one company is the raw material for another,
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or you use recycled materials
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to make goods that you can actually use and sell.
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We can create these local markets and incentives
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for recycled materials
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to be used as raw materials for manufacturing.
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And in my hometown, we actually tried to do one of these in the Bronx,
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but our mayor decided what he wanted to see
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was a jail on that same spot.
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Fortunately -- because we wanted to create hundreds of jobs --
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but after many years,
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the city wanted to build a jail.
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They've since abandoned that project, thank goodness.
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Another problem: unhealthy food systems and unemployment.
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Working-class and poor urban Americans
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are not benefiting economically
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from our current food system.
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It relies too much on transportation,
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chemical fertilization, big use of water
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and also refrigeration.
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Mega agricultural operations
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often are responsible for poisoning our waterways and our land,
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and it produces this incredibly unhealthy product
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that costs us billions in healthcare
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and lost productivity.
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And so we know "urban ag"
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is a big buzz topic this time of the year,
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but it's mostly gardening,
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which has some value in community building -- lots of it --
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but it's not in terms of creating jobs
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or for food production.
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The numbers just aren't there.
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Part of my work now is really laying the groundwork
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to integrate urban ag and rural food systems
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to hasten the demise of the 3,000-mile salad
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by creating a national brand of urban-grown produce
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in every city,
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that uses regional growing power
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and augments it with indoor growing facilities,
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owned and operated by small growers,
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where now there are only consumers.
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This can support seasonal farmers around metro areas
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who are losing out because they really can't meet
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the year-round demand for produce.
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It's not a competition with rural farm;
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it's actually reinforcements.
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It allies in a really positive
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and economically viable food system.
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The goal is to meet the cities' institutional demands
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for hospitals,
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senior centers, schools, daycare centers,
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and produce a network of regional jobs, as well.
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This is smart infrastructure.
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And how we manage our built environment
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affects the health and well-being of people every single day.
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Our municipalities, rural and urban,
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play the operational course of infrastructure --
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things like waste disposal, energy demand,
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as well as social costs of unemployment, drop-out rates, incarceration rates
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and the impacts of various public health costs.
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Smart infrastructure can provide cost-saving ways
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for municipalities to handle
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both infrastructure and social needs.
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And we want to shift the systems
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that open the doors for people who were formerly tax burdens
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to become part of the tax base.
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And imagine a national business model
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that creates local jobs and smart infrastructure
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to improve local economic stability.
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So I'm hoping you can see a little theme here.
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These examples indicate a trend.
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I haven't created it, and it's not happening by accident.
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I'm noticing that it's happening all over the country,
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and the good news is that it's growing.
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And we all need to be invested in it.
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It is an essential pillar to this country's recovery.
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And I call it "hometown security."
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The recession has us reeling and fearful,
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and there's something in the air these days
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that is also very empowering.
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It's a realization
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that we are the key
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to our own recovery.
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Now is the time for us to act in our own communities
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where we think local and we act local.
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And when we do that, our neighbors --
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be they next-door, or in the next state,
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or in the next country --
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will be just fine.
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The sum of the local is the global.
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Hometown security means rebuilding our natural defenses,
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putting people to work,
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restoring our natural systems.
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Hometown security means creating wealth here at home,
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instead of destroying it overseas.
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Tackling social and environmental problems
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at the same time with the same solution
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yields great cost savings,
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wealth generation and national security.
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Many great and inspiring solutions
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have been generated across America.
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The challenge for us now
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is to identify and support countless more.
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Now, hometown security is about taking care of your own,
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but it's not like the old saying,
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"charity begins at home."
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I recently read a book called "Love Leadership" by John Hope Bryant.
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And it's about leading in a world
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that really does seem to be operating on the basis of fear.
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And reading that book made me reexamine that theory
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because I need to explain what I mean by that.
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See, my dad
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was a great, great man in many ways.
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He grew up in the segregated South,
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escaped lynching and all that
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during some really hard times,
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and he provided a really stable home for me and my siblings
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and a whole bunch of other people that fell on hard times.
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But, like all of us, he had some problems.
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(Laughter)
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And his was gambling,
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compulsively.
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To him that phrase, "Charity begins at home,"
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meant that my payday -- or someone else's --
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would just happen to coincide with his lucky day.
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So you need to help him out.
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And sometimes I would loan him money
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from my after-school or summer jobs,
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and he always had the great intention
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of paying me back with interest,
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of course, after he hit it big.
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And he did sometimes, believe it or not,
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at a racetrack in Los Angeles --
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one reason to love L.A. -- back in the 1940s.
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He made 15,000 dollars cash
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and bought the house that I grew up in.
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So I'm not that unhappy about that.
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But listen, I did feel obligated to him,
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and I grew up -- then I grew up.
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And I'm a grown woman now,
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and I have learned a few things along the way.
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To me, charity
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often is just about giving,
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because you're supposed to,
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or because it's what you've always done,
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or it's about giving until it hurts.
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I'm about providing the means
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to build something that will grow
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and intensify its original investment
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and not just require greater giving next year --
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I'm not trying to feed the habit.
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I spent some years
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watching how good intentions for community empowerment,
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that were supposed to be there
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to support the community and empower it,
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actually left people
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in the same, if not worse, position that they were in before.
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And over the past 20 years,
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we've spent record amounts of philanthropic dollars
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on social problems,
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yet educational outcomes,
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malnutrition, incarceration,
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obesity, diabetes, income disparity,
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they've all gone up with some exceptions --
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in particular, infant mortality
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among people in poverty --
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but it's a great world that we're bringing them into as well.
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And I know a little bit about these issues,
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because, for many years, I spent a long time
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in the non-profit industrial complex,
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and I'm a recovering executive director,
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two years clean.
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(Laughter)
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But during that time, I realized that it was about projects
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and developing them on the local level
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that really was going to do the right thing for our communities.
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But I really did struggle for financial support.
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The greater our success,
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the less money came in from foundations.
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And I tell you, being on the TED stage
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and winning a MacArthur in the same exact year
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gave everyone the impression that I had arrived.
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And by the time I'd moved on,
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I was actually covering a third
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of my agency's budget deficit with speaking fees.
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And I think because early on, frankly,
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my programs were just a little bit ahead of their time.
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But since then,
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the park that was just a dump and was featured at a TED2006 Talk
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became this little thing.
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But I did in fact get married in it.
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Over here.
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There goes my dog who led me to the park in my wedding.
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The South Bronx Greenway
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was also just a drawing on the stage back in 2006.
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Since then, we got
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about 50 million dollars in stimulus package money
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to come and get here.
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And we love this, because I love construction now,
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because we're watching these things actually happen.
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So I want everyone to understand
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the critical importance
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of shifting charity into enterprise.
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I started my firm to help communities across the country
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realize their own potential
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to improve everything about the quality of life for their people.
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Hometown security
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is next on my to-do list.
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What we need are people who see the value
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in investing in these types of local enterprises,
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who will partner with folks like me
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to identify the growth trends and climate adaptation
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as well as understand the growing social costs
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of business as usual.
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We need to work together
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to embrace and repair our land,
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repair our power systems
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and repair ourselves.
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17:35
It's time to stop building
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the shopping malls, the prisons,
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the stadiums
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and other tributes to all of our collective failures.
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It is time that we start building
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living monuments to hope and possibility.
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Thank you very much.
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(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Majora Carter - Activist for environmental justiceMajora Carter redefined the field of environmental equality, starting in the South Bronx at the turn of the century. Now she is leading the local economic development movement across the USA.
Why you should listen
Majora Carter is a visionary voice in city planning who views urban renewal through an environmental lens. The South Bronx native draws a direct connection between ecological, economic and social degradation. Hence her motto: "Green the ghetto!"
With her inspired ideas and fierce persistence, Carter managed to bring the South Bronx its first open-waterfront park in 60 years, Hunts Point Riverside Park. Then she scored $1.25 million in federal funds for a greenway along the South Bronx waterfront, bringing the neighborhood open space, pedestrian and bike paths, and space for mixed-use economic development.
Her success is no surprise to anyone who's seen her speak; Carter's confidence, energy and intensely emotional delivery make her talks themselves a force of nature. (The release of her TEDTalk in 2006 prompted Guy Kawasaki to wonder on his blog whether she wasn't "every bit as good as [Apple CEO] Steve Jobs," a legendary presenter.)
Carter, who was awarded a 2005 MacArthur "genius" grant, served as executive director of Sustainable South Bronx for 7 years, where she pushed both for eco-friendly practices (such as green and cool roofs) and, equally important, job training and green-related economic development for her vibrant neighborhood on the rise. Since leaving SSBx in 2008, Carter has formed the economic consulting and planning firm the Majora Carter Group, to bring her pioneering approach to communities far outside the South Bronx. Carter is working within the cities of New Orleans, Detroit and the small coastal towns of Northeastern North Carolina. The Majora Carter Group is putting the green economy and green economic tools to use, unlocking the potential of every place -- from urban cities and rural communities, to universities, government projects, businesses and corporations -- and everywhere else in between.
Majora Carter | Speaker | TED.com