TED2009
Nalini Nadkarni: Conserving the canopy
Nalini Nadkami räägib metsa lehekatuse hoidmisest
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Vihmametsa puulatvades õilmitseb unikaalne ökosüsteem, kus elavad taimed, linnud ja ahvid. Nalini Nadkami uurib neid lehekatuse-maailmu ning jagab oma leide maailmaga maapinnal läbi tantsu, kunsti ja julge koostöö.
Nalini Nadkarni - Tree researcher
Called "the queen of canopy research," Nalini Nadkarni explores the rich, vital world found in the tops of trees. She communicates what she finds to non-scientists -- with the help of poets, preachers and prisoners. Full bio
Called "the queen of canopy research," Nalini Nadkarni explores the rich, vital world found in the tops of trees. She communicates what she finds to non-scientists -- with the help of poets, preachers and prisoners. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
Trees are wonderful arenas for discovery
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Puud on avastamiseks imeline sfäär,
00:22
because of their tall stature, their complex structure,
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tänu oma imposantsele kõrgusele, keerulisele struktuurile,
00:26
the biodiversity they foster and their quiet beauty.
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seal pesitsevale bioloogilisele mitmekesisusele ja oma vaiksele ilule.
00:30
I used to climb trees for fun all the time
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Lapsena lõbustasin end puude otsa ronimisega
00:32
and now, as a grown-up, I have made my profession understanding trees
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ja nüüd, täiskasvanuna, olen valinud oma ametiks
00:37
and forests, through the medium of science.
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mõista puid ja metsi läbi teaduse.
00:39
The most mysterious part of forests is the upper tree canopy.
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Metsade kõige saladuslikum osa on puulatvade lehekatus.
00:43
And Dr. Terry Erwin, in 1983,
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Doktor Terry Erwin nimetas 1983. aastal
00:45
called the canopy, "the last biotic frontier."
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seda katust "viimseks biootiliseks piirialaks."
00:49
I'd like to take you all on a journey up to the forest canopy,
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Tahan kutsuda teid kõiki reisile üles ladvikusse
00:52
and share with you what canopy researchers are asking
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ning jagada teiega seda, mis küsimustega lehekatuse uurijad tegelevad
00:55
and also how they're communicating with other people outside of science.
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ja kuidas nad suhtlevad inimestega, kes ei ole teadusega seotud.
01:00
Let's start our journey on the forest floor
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Alustame oma reisi metsa aluspinnast,
01:02
of one of my study sites in Costa Rica.
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ühes neist paigust, mida ma Costa Ricas uurin.
01:04
Because of the overhanging leaves and branches,
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Pea kohal rippuvate lehtede ja okste tõttu
01:07
you'll notice that the understory is very dark,
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märkate, et alumine rinne on väga pime,
01:10
it's very still.
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väga vaikne.
01:12
And what I'd like to do is take you up to the canopy,
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Ja ma tahaksin viia teid üles lehekatusele,
01:14
not by putting all of you into ropes and harnesses,
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mitte köite ja rihmade abiga,
01:17
but rather showing you a very short clip
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vaid näidates teile väikest videolõiku
01:19
from a National Geographic film called "Heroes of the High Frontier."
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National Geographici filmist nimega "Ülemise rinde kangelased."
01:23
This was filmed in Monteverde, Costa Rica
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See filmiti Monteverdes, Costa Ricas
01:25
and I think it gives us the best impression of what it's like
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ja minu arvates annab see parima mulje sellest,
01:28
to climb a giant strangler fig.
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kuidas on mööda kägipuud üles ronida.
01:31
(Music)
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(Muusika)
02:01
(Growling)
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(Urin)
02:04
(Rustling)
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(Krabin)
02:15
So what you'll see up there is that it's really like the atmosphere of an open field,
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Üleval märkate, et seal valitseb tegelikult avamaa atmosfäär
02:19
and there are tremendous numbers of plants and animals that have adapted
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ning seal on tohutu hulk taimi ja loomi, mis on kohanenud
02:22
to make their way and their life in the canopy.
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lehekatusel elama ja liikuma.
02:24
Common groups, like the sloth here, have clear adaptations
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Harilike liikide puhul, nagu see laiskloom siin, on ladvikuga kohanemine
02:28
for forest canopies, hanging on with their very strong claws.
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selgelt näha - ta hoiab sellest oma tugevate küünistega kinni.
02:31
But I'd like to describe to you a more subtle kind of diversity
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Kuid tahan teile kirjeldada raskemini hoomatavat mitmekesisust
02:34
and tell you about the ants.
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ning rääkida teile sipelgatest.
02:36
There are 10,000 species of ants that taxonomists --
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Taksonoomid - inimesed, kes liike kirjeldavad ja nimetavad -
02:39
people who describe and name animals -- have named.
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on andnud nime 10 000 sipelgaliigile.
02:42
4,000 of those ants live exclusively in the forest canopy.
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Neist 4000 liiki elavad ainult metsa ladvikurindes.
02:46
One of the reasons I tell you about ants
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Üks põhjus, miks ma teile sipelgatest räägin,
02:49
is because of my husband, who is in fact an ant taxonomist
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on see, et minu abikaasa, kes on sipelgataksonoom,
02:52
and when we got married, he promised to name an ant after me, which he did --
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andis mulle abielludes lubaduse nimetada üks sipelgaliik minu järgi ja seda ta ka tegi
02:56
Procryptocerus nalini, a canopy ant.
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- Procryptocerus nalini, ladvikusipelgas.
02:58
We've had two children, August Andrew and Erika
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Meil on kaks last, August Andrew ja Erika
03:01
and actually, he named ants after them.
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ning ta andis nende järgi ka sipelgatele nimed.
03:03
So we may be the only family that has an ant named after each one of us.
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Me oleme ehk ainus perekond maailmas, kellel on kõigil omanimeline sipelgaliik.
03:07
But my passion -- in addition to Jack and my children --
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Lisaks Jackile ja meie lastele on minu kireks
03:11
are the plants, the so-called epiphytes,
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taimed, niinimetatud epifüüdid,
03:13
those plants that grow up on trees.
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taimed, mis kasvavad puude otsas,
03:16
They don't have roots that go into trunks nor to the forest floor.
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neil pole juuri, mis tungiksid tüvesse või maapinda.
03:20
But rather, it is their leaves that are adapted
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Selle asemel on nende lehed kohanenud
03:22
to intercept the dissolved nutrients that come to them in the form of mist and fog.
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omandama lahustunud toitaineid nendeni jõudvast udust ja vihmast.
03:27
These plants occur in great diversity,
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Neid taimi iseloomustab suur mitmekesisus,
03:30
over 28,000 species around the world.
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kogu maailmas leidub üle 28 000 erineva liigi.
03:32
They grow in tropical forests like this one
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Nad kasvavad troopilistes metsades nagu see,
03:35
and they also grow in temperate rainforests, that we find in Washington state.
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kuid ka parasvöötme metsades, mida leidub näiteks Washingtoni osariigis.
03:38
These epiphytes are mainly dominated by the mosses.
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Nende epifüütide seas domineerivad samblad.
03:41
One thing I want to point out is that underneath these live epiphytes,
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Tahan tähelepanu juhtida, et nende elavate epifüütide all,
03:45
as they die and decompose, they actually construct an arboreal soil,
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kui nad surevad ja lagunevad, moodustub sellest puukoorele pinnas,
03:49
both in the temperate zone and in the tropics.
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seda nii parasvöötmes kui ka troopikas.
03:52
And these mosses, generated by decomposing,
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Ja need samblad, mis peamiselt laguneva samblakihi peale kasvavad,
03:56
are like peat moss in your garden.
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on nagu teie aias kasvav turbasammal,
03:58
They have a tremendous capacity for holding on to nutrients and water.
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neil on tohutu võime koguda endasse toitaineid ja vett.
04:01
One of the surprising things I discovered
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Üks üllatav avastus oli see,
04:04
is that, if you pull back with me on those mats of epiphytes,
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et kui me sellise epifüütide vaiba eemale tõmbame,
04:07
what you'll find underneath them are connections, networks
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siis on selle all näha ühendused, võrk,
04:11
of what we call canopy roots.
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mida me kutsume ladvarinde juurteks.
04:13
These are not epiphyte roots:
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Need ei ole epifüütide juured,
04:15
these are roots that emerge from the trunk and branch of the host trees themselves.
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vaid juured, mis tungivad välja peremeespuude tüvedest ja okstest.
04:18
And so those epiphytes are actually paying the landlord a bit of rent
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Tähendab, need epifüüdid maksavad oma peremehele natuke üüri,
04:22
in exchange for being supported high above the forest floor.
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tasuks eluaseme eest kõrgel metsa aluspinna kohal.
04:26
I was interested, and my canopy researcher colleagues have been interested
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Mind ja mu ladviku-uurijatest kolleege huvitab metsas elavate
04:29
in the dynamics of the canopy plants that live in the forest.
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ladvikurinde taimede omavaheline dünaamika.
04:32
We've done stripping experiments
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Oleme teinud eksperimente, kus eemaldame
04:34
where we've removed mats of epiphytes
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epifüütide vaiba
04:36
and looked at the rates of recolonization.
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ja jälginud, kui kiiresti see taastub.
04:38
We had predicted that they would grow back very quickly
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Ennustasime, et nad kasvavad väga kiiresti tagasi
04:41
and that they would come in encroaching from the side.
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ja et nad tungivad külgedelt sisse.
04:43
What we found, however, was that they took an extremely long time --
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Kuid avastasime hoopis, et neil kulus selleks äärmiselt pikk aeg,
04:47
over 20 years -- to regenerate,
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üle 20 aasta, et tagasi kasvada,
04:49
starting from the bottom and growing up.
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alustades alt ning kasvades ülespoole.
04:51
And even now, after 25 years,
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Isegi nüüd, 25 aastat hiljem,
04:53
they're not up there, they have not recolonized completely.
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ei ole nad veel tippu jõudnud, ei ole täielikult taastunud.
04:56
And I use this little image to say
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Ja ma kasutan seda väikest pilti,
04:59
this is what happens to mosses.
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et kirjeldada, mis samblaga juhtub.
05:01
If it's gone, it's gone,
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Kui see on läinud, siis on läinud,
05:03
and if you're really lucky you might get something growing back from the bottom.
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ja kui sul tõesti veab, siis võib-olla hakkab alt midagi tagasi kasvama.
05:05
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
05:06
So, recolonization is really very slow.
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Taastumine on tõesti väga aeglane.
05:09
These canopy communities are fragile.
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Need ladviku-kogukonnad on õrnad.
05:12
Well, when we look out, you and I, over that canopy
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Kui me vaatame koos üle selle lehekatuse,
05:15
of the intact primary forest,
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üle puutumata ürgmetsa,
05:17
what we see is this enormous carpet of carbon.
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siis näeme hiiglasuurt süsinikuvaipa.
05:21
One of the challenges that canopy researchers are attacking today
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Üks ülesanne, mida ladviku-uurijad praegu püüavad lahendada,
05:24
is trying to understand the amount of carbon that is being sequestered.
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on mõista, kui palju seal süsinikku sekvesteeritakse.
05:28
We know it's a lot,
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Me teame, et seda on palju,
05:30
but we do not yet know the answers to how much,
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kuid me ei tea veel vastust küsimusele, kui palju
05:32
and by what processes, carbon is being taken out of the atmosphere,
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ja millise protsessi käigus süsinikku atmosfäärist eraldatakse,
05:36
held in its biomass, and moving on through the ecosystem.
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biomassis säilitatakse ning kuidas see ökosüsteemis edasi liigub.
05:41
So I hope I've showed you that canopy-dwellers
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Loodetavasti olen suutnud teile näidata, et ladvikurinde elanikud
05:43
are not just insignificant bits of green up high in the canopy
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ei ole lihtsalt tähtusetud rohelised plärakad üleval lehestikus,
05:46
that Tarzan and Jane were interested in,
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mis Tarzanile ja Jane'ile huvi pakkusid,
05:48
but rather that they foster biodiversity
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vaid et nad toetavad bioloogilist mitmekesisust,
05:51
contribute to ecosystem nutrient cycles,
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mängivad oma osa ökosüsteemi toiteahelas
05:53
and they also help to keep our global climate stable.
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ning aitavad planeedi kliimat stabiilsena hoida.
05:58
Up in the canopy, if you were sitting next to me
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Üleval ladvikus, kui istute minu kõrval
06:01
and you turned around from those primary forest ecosystems,
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ja heidate pilgu neist ürgmetsa ökosüsteemidest kõrvale,
06:04
you would also see scenes like this.
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siis näete ka selliseid vaatepilte.
06:06
Scenes of forest destruction, forest harvesting
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Pildid metsa hävitamisest, lageraiest
06:08
and forest fragmentation,
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ja metsa killustamisest,
06:10
thereby making that intact tapestry of the canopy
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mis teeb võimatuks katkematu ladvikurinde
06:13
unable to function in the marvelous ways that it has
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toimimise sel imelisel viisil, nagu ta seda teeb siis,
06:16
when it is not disturbed by humans.
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kui inimesed vahele ei sega.
06:18
I've also looked out on urban places like this
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Olen vaadelnud ka selliseid linnamaastikke
06:21
and thought about people who are disassociated from trees in their lives.
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ja mõelnud inimeste peale, kelle elul pole puudega mingit sidet.
06:24
People who grew up in a place like this
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Inimestel, kes on üles kasvanud sellises paigas,
06:26
did not have the opportunity to climb trees and form a relationship with trees
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pole kunagi olnud võimalust puu otsa ronida ja luua side puudega
06:30
and forests, as I did when I was a young girl.
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ja metsaga, nagu minul väikese tüdrukuna oli.
06:33
This troubles me.
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See teeb mulle muret.
06:35
Here in 2009, you know, it's not an easy thing to be a forest ecologist,
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Praegu, 2009. aastal, kas teate, ei ole lihtne olla metsaökoloog,
06:40
gripping ourselves with these kinds of questions
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vaevata end selliste küsimustega
06:43
and trying to figure out how we can answer them.
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ja üritada välja selgitada, kuidas neile vastuseid leida.
06:46
And especially, you know, as a small brown woman
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Eriti siis, kui sa oled väike tõmmu naine
06:49
in a little college, in the upper northwest part of our country,
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väikeses ülikoolis üleval loodeosariikides,
06:52
far away from the areas of power and money,
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eemal sealt, kus leidub raha ja võimu,
06:55
I really have to ask myself, "What can I do about this?
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vahel pean endalt tõesti küsima: "Mida ma selle heaks teha saan?
06:58
How can I reconnect people with trees?"
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Kuidas saan ma inimesed ja puud taas kokku viia?"
07:01
Well, I think that I can do something.
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Noh, ma arvan, et suudan midagi teha.
07:04
I know that as a scientist, I have information
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Ma tean, et teadlasena on mul informatsiooni
07:07
and as a human being, I can communicate with anybody,
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ja inimesena saan ma suhelda ükskõik kellega,
07:11
inside or outside of academia.
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olgu siis akadeemilises maailmas või mitte.
07:13
And so, that's what I've begin doing,
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Ja niisiis olengi hakanud seda tegema
07:15
and so I'd like to unveil the International Canopy Network here.
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ning tahaksin siin ja praegu esitleda Rahvusvahelist Ladvikuvõrgustikku.
07:19
We consult to the media about canopy questions;
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Me vastame meedia küsimustele ladvikute teemal,
07:22
we have a canopy newsletter;
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meil on ladvikuteemaline infokiri,
07:24
we have an email LISTSERV.
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meil on e-kiri LISTSERV,
07:26
And so we're trying to disseminate information about the importance of the canopy,
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ja seeläbi püüame jagada informatsiooni, kui tähtis ladvikurinne on,
07:29
the beauty of the canopy,
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kui kaunis see on,
07:30
the necessity of intact canopies,
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kui oluline on puutumata ladvikurinne,
07:32
to people outside of academia.
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inimestele väljaspool akadeemilist maailma.
07:35
We also recognize that a lot of the products that we make --
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Mõistame ka, et suur osa sellest, mida me valmistame,
07:39
those videos and so forth --
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videod ja nii edasi,
07:41
you know, they don't reach everybody,
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need ei jõua kõigi inimesteni,
07:44
and so we've been fostering projects that reach people outside of academia,
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seega arendame projekte, mis jõuavad inimesteni väljaspool akadeemilist maailma
07:48
and outside of the choir that most ecologists preach to.
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ja väljaspoole seda koori, kellele suurem osa ökolooge moraali loeb.
07:51
Treetop Barbie is a great example of that.
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Puuladva Barbie on selle suurepärane näide.
07:54
What we do, my students in my lab and I,
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Mina ja mu tudengid teeme nii,
07:56
is we buy Barbies from Goodwill and Value Village,
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et ostame Goodwillist ja Value Village'ist Barbie-nukke,
07:58
we dress her in clothes that have been made by seamstresses
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paneme talle õmblejate tehtud riided selga
08:02
and we send her out with a canopy handbook.
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ja saadame ta teele koos ladviku-teemalise käsiraamatuga.
08:05
And my feeling is --
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Ning mul on tunne -
08:06
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
08:07
Thank you.
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Tänan teid.
08:08
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
08:11
-- that we've taken this pop icon and we have just tweaked her a little bit
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- et me oleme võtnud selle popkultuuri ikooni ja teda veidi ümber teinud,
08:14
to become an ambassador who can carry the message
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et teha temast saadik, kes viib kohale sõnumi,
08:17
that being a woman scientist studying treetops is actually a really great thing.
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et olla naisteadlane, kes uurib puulatvu, on tegelikult väga hea asi.
08:21
We've also made partnerships with artists,
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Samuti oleme astunud partnerlusse kunstnikega,
08:24
with people who understand and can communicate the aesthetic beauty
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inimestega, kes mõistavad ja oskavad väljendada puude ja metsa
08:27
of trees and forest canopies.
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lehekatuse esteetilist ilu.
08:29
And I'd like to just tell you one of our projects,
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Ning ma tahaksin teile rääkida ühest meie projektist,
08:31
which is the generation of Canopy Confluences.
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mis kannab nime Lehekatuse Kokkupuutepunktid.
08:33
What I do is I bring together scientists and artists of all kinds,
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Nimelt kutsun ma kokku erinevad teadlased ja kunstnikud,
08:37
and we spend a week in the forest on these little platforms;
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me veedame nädala metsas sellistel väikestel platvormidel
08:39
and we look at nature, we look at trees, we look at the canopy,
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ja vaatame loodust, vaatame puid, vaatame lehekatust,
08:42
and we communicate, and exchange, and express what we see together.
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suhtleme, vahetame mõtteid ja väljendame, mida me koos näeme.
08:47
The results have been fantastic.
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Tulemused on olnud fantastilised.
08:49
I'll just give you a few examples.
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Toon teile mõned näited.
08:51
This is a fantastic installation by Bruce Chao
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See on Bruce Chao fantastiline installatsioon,
08:53
who is chair of the Sculpture and Glass Blowing Department
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ta on skulptuuri ja klaasipuhumise õppetooli juht
08:56
at Rhode Island School of Design.
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Rhode Islandi osariigi disainiülikoolis.
08:58
He saw nests in the canopy at one of our Canopy Confluences
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Ta nägi ühel meie kogunemisel Vaikse ookeani ääres
09:01
in the Pacific Northwest, and created this beautiful sculpture.
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looderannikul lehestikus pesi ja lõi selle kauni skulptuuri.
09:05
We've had dance people up in the canopy.
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Meiega on lehekatusel käinud tantsijad.
09:07
Jodi Lomask, and her wonderful troupe Capacitor,
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Jodi Lomask ja tema imetore trupp Capacitor
09:11
joined me in the canopy in my rainforest site in Costa Rica.
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liitusid minuga üleval lehekatusel ühes uurimispaigas Costa Ricas.
09:14
They made a fabulous dance called "Biome."
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Nad lõid vahva tantsu nimega "Bioom".
09:17
They danced in the forest,
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Nad tantsisid metsas
09:19
and we are taking this dance, my scientific outreach communications,
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ja me otsustasime viia selle tantsu koos minu teaduslike infomaterjalidega,
09:25
and also linking up with environmental groups,
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tehes koostööd keskkonnakaitse gruppidega,
09:27
to go to different cities and to perform
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erinevatesse linnadesse ja anda etendus
09:29
the science, the dance and the environmental outreach
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mis seob teadust, tantsu ja keskkonnateemalist infot,
09:32
that we hope will make a difference.
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lootuses midagi paremaks muuta.
09:34
We brought musicians to the canopy,
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Tõime lehekatusele muusikud,
09:36
and they made their music -- and it's fantastic music.
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nad tegid muusikat ja see on fantastiline.
09:39
We had wooden flutists, we had oboists,
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Meil on olnud suurepäraseid oboe- ja flöödimängijaid,
09:41
we had opera singers, we had guitar players,
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on olnud ooperilauljaid, kitarriste
09:43
and we had rap singers.
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ja ka räppareid.
09:45
And I brought a little segment to give you
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Ma tõin teile kuulamiseks kaasa
09:47
of Duke Brady's "Canopy Rap."
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Duke Brady "Ladvaräpi".
10:04
(Music) That's Duke!
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See on Duke!
10:06
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
10:10
This experience of working with Duke
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Kogemus Duke'iga koos töötamisest
10:12
also led me to initiate a program called Sound Science.
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andis mulle ajendi luua programm nimega Heliteadus.
10:15
I saw the power of Duke's song with urban youth --
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Ma nägin, milline vägi oli Duke'i laulus linnanoorte jaoks,
10:18
an audience, you know, I as a middle-aged professor,
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publik, kelleni minul, keskealisel professoril,
10:20
I don't have a hope of getting to --
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pole mingit lootust jõuda,
10:22
in terms of convincing them of the importance of wildlands.
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et üritada neid veenda, kui oluline on metsik loodus.
10:25
So I engaged Caution, this rap singer,
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Niisiis kutsusin appi räpilaulja nimega Caution,
10:27
with a group of young people from inner-city Tacoma.
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et töötada grupi noortega Tacoma kesklinnast.
10:30
We went out to the forest, I would pick up a branch,
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Me läksime välja metsa, mina valisin oksa,
10:32
Caution would rap on it,
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Caution räppis selle peal
10:34
and suddenly that branch was really cool.
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ja korraga oli see oks väga lahe.
10:36
And then the students would come into our sound studios,
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Siis tulid õpilased meie helistuudiosse
10:38
they would make their own rap songs with their own beats.
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ja tegid enda rütmidele oma räpilood.
10:41
They ended up making a CD
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Lõpuks sai sellest kokku CD-plaat,
10:43
which they took home to their family and friends,
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mille nad viisid koju oma perekonnale ja sõpradele,
10:45
thereby expressing their own experiences with nature
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väljendades seeläbi enda kogemusi loodusega
10:48
in their own medium.
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läbi nende enda vahendi.
10:51
The final project I'll talk about is one that's very close to my heart,
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Viimane projekt, millest ma räägin, on mulle väga südamelähedane
10:55
and it involves an economic and social value
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ja see puudutab majanduslikku ja sotsiaalset väärtust,
10:57
that is associated with epiphytic plants.
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mis on seotud epifüütiliste taimedega.
11:00
In the Pacific Northwest,
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Vaikse ookeani looderannikul
11:02
there's a whole industry of moss-harvesting
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on terve tööstus, mis tegeleb sambla korjamisega
11:05
from old-growth forests.
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vana kasvuga metsadest.
11:07
These mosses are taken from the forest;
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Need samblad võetakse metsast
11:09
they're used by the floriculture industry, by florists,
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ja neid kasutab lilletööstus,
11:12
to make arrangements and make hanging baskets.
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floristid teevad neist ikebaanasid ja rippuvaid lillekorve.
11:14
It's a 265 million dollar industry
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Selle tööstuse käive on 265 miljonit dollarit
11:17
and it's increasing rapidly.
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ja see kasvab väga kiiresti.
11:20
If you remember that bald guy,
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Kui te mäletate seda kiilakat meest,
11:22
you'll know that what has been stripped off of these trunks
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siis mõistate, et see, mis nendelt puutüvedelt
11:24
in the Pacific Northwest old-growth forest
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looderanniku vana kasvuga metsadest maha on kistud,
11:27
is going to take decades and decades to come back.
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võtab pikki aastakümneid, et tagasi kasvada.
11:30
So this whole industry is unsustainable.
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Tähendab, see tööstus ei ole jätkusuutlik.
11:34
What can I, as an ecologist, do about that?
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Mida mina kui ökoloog saan selle suhtes ära teha?
11:37
Well, my thought was that I could learn how to grow mosses,
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Minu mõte oli, et võiksin õppida kasvatama samblaid
11:40
and that way we wouldn't have to take them out of the wild.
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ja siis me ei peaks neid metsast korjama.
11:43
And I thought, if I had some partners that could help me with this,
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Ma mõtlesin, et kui mul oleks selle juures mõni partner abiks,
11:46
that would be great.
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siis see oleks tore.
11:48
And so, I thought perhaps incarcerated men and women --
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Ja nii ma mõtlesin, et kinnipeetavad mehed ja naised,
11:50
who don't have access to nature,
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kes ei pääse loodusele ligi
11:52
who often have a lot of time, they often have space,
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ja kellel on tihti palju aega, neil on ruumi
11:56
and you don't need any sharp tools to work with mosses --
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ja samblaga töötamiseks pole terariistu vaja,
11:58
would be great partners.
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et nemad oleksid head partnerid.
12:00
And they have become excellent partners.
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Ja neist on saanud suurepärased partnerid.
12:02
The best I can imagine.
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Parimad, keda oskan ette kujutada.
12:05
They were very enthusiastic.
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Nad olid väga entusiastlikud.
12:07
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
12:12
They were incredibly enthusiastic about the work.
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See töö tekitas neist uskumatut entusiasmi,
12:15
They learned how to distinguish different species of mosses,
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nad õppisid tegema vahet erinevate samblaliikide vahel,
12:17
which, to tell you the truth,
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mis, kui aus olla,
12:19
is a lot more than my undergraduate students at the Evergreen College can do.
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on rohkem kui minu bakalaureusetudengid Evergreeni ülikoolis.
12:22
And they embraced the idea that they could help develop a research design
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Nad võtsid innuga omaks mõtte, et saavad aidata kaasa teadusliku disaini arendamisel
12:27
in order to grow these mosses.
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nende samblate kasvatamiseks.
12:29
We've been successful as partners
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Oleme partneritena olnud edukad,
12:31
in figuring out which species grow the fastest,
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selgitamaks välja, millised liigid kõige kiiremini kasvavad
12:33
and I've just been overwhelmed with how successful this has been.
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ja mind hämmastab jätkuvalt see, kui edukalt see kõik läheb.
12:36
Because the prison wardens were very enthusiastic about this as well,
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Sest vanglaülemad on sellesse samuti väga entusiastlikult suhtunud.
12:41
I started a Science and Sustainability Seminar in the prisons.
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Alustasin vanglates teaduse ja jätkusuutlikkuse seminari.
12:45
I brought my scientific colleagues and sustainability practitioners into the prison.
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Võtsin teadlastest kolleegid ja jätkusuutlikkuse vallas töötavad inimesed vanglasse kaasa,
12:50
We gave talks once a month,
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me pidasime kord kuus kõnesid
12:52
and that actually ended up implementing
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ja selle tulemusena sai vanglates käima pandud
12:54
some amazing sustainability projects at the prisons --
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mõned päris hämmastavad jätkusuutlikkuse projektid -
12:57
organic gardens, worm culture, recycling,
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maheaiandus, usside kultiveerimine, jäätmete taastöötlus,
13:00
water catchment and beekeeping. (Applause)
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vee kogumine ja mesilaste pidamine.
13:02
Our latest endeavor,
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Meie viimane ettevõtmine, mis sai toetust
13:05
with a grant
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(Aplaus)
13:07
from the Department of Corrections at Washington state,
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mis sai toetust Washingtoni osariigi vanglateametilt -
13:10
they've asked us to expand this program to three more prisons.
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nad on palunud meil seda veel kolme vanglasse laiendada.
13:14
And our new project is having the inmates and ourselves
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Meie uus projekt on õppida koos kinnipeetavatega selgeks,
13:16
learn how to raise the Oregon spotted frog
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kuidas kasvatada Oregoni täpilist konna,
13:19
which is a highly endangered amphibian in Washington state and Oregon.
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mis on kriitiliselt ohustatud kahepaikne Washingtoni ja Oregoni osariikides.
13:22
So they will raise them -- in captivity, of course --
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Nad hakkavad neid kasvatama, mõistagi suletud keskkonnas,
13:25
from eggs to tadpoles and onward to frogs.
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munadest kullesteks ja edasi konnadeks.
13:29
And they will have the pleasure, many of them,
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Ja paljudele neile saab osaks rõõm
13:34
of seeing those frogs that they've raised from eggs and helped develop,
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näha neid konni, keda nad on munast saadik aidanud kasvatada,
13:37
helped nurture, move out into protected wildlands
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aidanud toita ja nende eest hoolitsenud, kolimas välja
13:40
to augment the number of endangered species out there in the wild.
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looduskaitsealadele, et aidata looduses ohustatud liigi arvukust suurendada.
13:45
And so, I think for many reasons --
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Seega, minu arvates mitmetel põhjustel -
13:47
ecological, social, economic and perhaps even spiritual --
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õkoloogilistel, ühiskondlikel, majanduslikel, ehk koguni hingelistel -
13:50
this has been a tremendous project
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on see olnud suurepärane projekt
13:52
and I'm really looking forward to
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ja ma ootan hea meelega mitte ainult seda,
13:54
not only myself and my students doing it,
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et koos oma tudengitega neid ettevõtmisi teha,
13:57
but also to promote and teach other scientists how to do this.
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vaid neid ka reklaamida ja õpetada teisi teadlasi seda tegema.
14:01
As many of you are aware, the world of academia is a rather inward-looking one.
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Nagu paljud teist teavad, on akadeemiline maailm üsna sissepoole pööratud.
14:05
I'm trying to help researchers move more outward
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Ma püüan aidata teadlastel liikuda rohkem väljapoole,
14:09
to have their own partnerships
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luua omad partnerlussidemed
14:11
with people outside of the academic community.
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inimestega väljaspool akadeemilist kogukonda
14:14
And so I'm hoping that my husband Jack, the ant taxonomist,
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ja nii ma loodan, et mu mees Jack, sipelgataksonoom,
14:17
can perhaps work with Mattel to make Taxonomist Ken.
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võiks näiteks koos Matteliga teha Taksonoom-Keni nuku.
14:20
Perhaps Ben Zander and Bill Gates could get together
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Võib-olla Ben Zander ja Bill Gates võiksid koos
14:26
and make an opera about AIDS.
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teha näiteks ooperi AIDSi teemal.
14:28
Or perhaps Al Gore and Naturally 7 could make a song about climate change
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Või hoopis Al Gore ja Naturally 7 võiksid kirjutada laulu kliimamuutusest,
14:33
that would really make you clap your hands.
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mis paneks meid tõesti käsi plaksutama.
14:36
So, although it's a little bit of a fantasy, I think it's also a reality.
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Nii et kuigi see kõik on väike fantaasia, usun ma, et see on ka reaalsus.
14:39
Given the duress that we're feeling environmentally in these times,
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Võttes arvesse hirmu, mida me keskkonnaga seoses tunneme,
14:43
it is time for scientists to reach outward,
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on aeg, et teadlased ulataksid käe väljapoole
14:45
and time for those outside of science to reach towards academia as well.
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ja need, kes teadusega ei tegele, ulataksid käe akadeemilisele maailmale.
14:52
I started my career with trying to understand the mysteries of forests
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Alustasin oma karjääri, püüdes mõista metsade saladusi
14:57
with the tools of science.
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läbi teaduse vahendite.
14:59
By making these partnerships that I described to you,
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Need koostöösidemed, millest teile rääkisin,
15:02
I have really opened my mind and, I have to say, my heart
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on tõepoolest avanud mu mõistuse ja pean ütlema, ka südame,
15:06
to have a greater understanding,
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et mõista paremini,
15:08
to make other discoveries about nature and myself.
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et teha teiselaadseid avastusi looduse ja enese kohta.
15:12
When I look into my heart, I see trees --
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Kui ma vaatan oma südamesse, näen seal puid -
15:15
this is actually an image of a real heart --
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see on tegelikult pilt päris südamest -
15:17
there are trees in our hearts,
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meie südames on puud,
15:19
there are trees in your hearts.
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teie südames on puud.
15:21
When we come to understand nature,
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Kui me mõistame loodust,
15:23
we are touching the most deep, the most important parts of our self.
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siis puudutame kõige sügavamat, kõige olulisemat osa endast.
15:28
In these partnerships, I have also learned
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Nende partnerluste kaudu olen ka õppinud,
15:31
that people tend to compartmentalize themselves
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et inimestel on kombeks ennast lahterdada,
15:34
into IT people, and movie star people, and scientists,
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kas IT-inimesteks või filmistaarideks või teadlasteks,
15:38
but when we share nature,
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aga kui me jagame loodust,
15:40
when we share our perspectives about nature,
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kui ma jagame oma vaatenurki loodusele,
15:43
we find a common denominator.
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siis leiame ühise nimetaja.
15:46
Finally, as a scientist and as a person
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Viimaks, teadlase ja inimesena,
15:50
and now, as part of the TED community,
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ja nüüd ka TEDi kogukonna liikmena,
15:54
I feel that I have better tools
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tunnen, et mul on paremad vahendid,
15:57
to go out to trees, to go out to forests, to go out to nature,
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et minna välja puude juurde, metsa, loodusesse,
16:01
to make new discoveries about nature --
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teha looduse kohta uusi avastusi
16:04
and about humans' place in nature
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ja avastusi inimeste koha kohta looduses,
16:06
wherever we are and whomever you are.
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kus iganes me oleme ja kes iganes sa oled.
16:10
Thank you very much.
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Tänan teid väga.
16:12
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nalini Nadkarni - Tree researcherCalled "the queen of canopy research," Nalini Nadkarni explores the rich, vital world found in the tops of trees. She communicates what she finds to non-scientists -- with the help of poets, preachers and prisoners.
Why you should listen
Nalini Nadkarni has spent two decades climbing the trees of Costa Rica, Papua New Guinea, the Amazon and the Pacific Northwest, exploring the world of animals and plants that live in the canopy and never come down; and how this upper layer of the forest interacts with the world on the ground. A pioneering researcher in this area, Nadkarni created the Big Canopy Database to help researchers store and understand the rich trove of data she and others are uncovering.
Nadkarni teaches at Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington, but her work outside the academy is equally fascinating -- using nontraditional vectors to teach the general public about trees and the ecosystem. For instance, she recently collaborated with the dance troupe Capacitor to explore the process of growth through the medium of the human body. In another project, she worked with prison inmates to grow moss for the horticulture trade, to relieve the collecting pressure on wild mosses. The project inspired in her students a new reverence for nature -- and some larger ecochanges at the prison.
She's the author of Between Earth and Sky: Our Intimate Connections to Trees.
Nalini Nadkarni | Speaker | TED.com