TED2011
Janet Echelman: Taking imagination seriously
Janet Echelman: Shvaćajući maštu ozbiljno
Filmed:
Readability: 4.8
2,274,256 views
Janet Echelman je pronašla svoj pravi glas kao umjetnica kada su njezine slike nestale -- što ju je prisililo da potraži neortodoksan novi umjetnički materijal. Sada radi valove, tokove, skulpture koje su ogromne poput zgrada s iznenađujućim štreberskim naglaskom. Transportirajućih 10 minuta čiste kreativnosti.
Janet Echelman - Artist
American artist Janet Echelman reshapes urban airspace with monumental, fluidly moving sculpture that responds to environmental forces including wind, water, and sunlight. Full bio
American artist Janet Echelman reshapes urban airspace with monumental, fluidly moving sculpture that responds to environmental forces including wind, water, and sunlight. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
This story
0
0
2000
Ova priča
00:17
is about taking imagination seriously.
1
2000
3000
je o shvaćanju mašte ozbiljno.
00:20
Fourteen years ago,
2
5000
2000
Prije 14 godina,
00:22
I first encountered this ordinary material, fishnet,
3
7000
3000
prvi put sam se upoznala s tim običnim materijalom, mrežom za ribu,
00:25
used the same way for centuries.
4
10000
3000
koja je korištena na isti način stoljećima.
00:28
Today, I'm using it to create
5
13000
2000
Danas, koristim je kako bih stvorila
00:30
permanent, billowing, voluptuous forms
6
15000
3000
trajne, valovite, pohotljive oblike
00:33
the scale of hard-edged buildings
7
18000
2000
veličine zgrada s oštrim rubovima
00:35
in cities around the world.
8
20000
3000
u gradovima diljem svijeta.
00:38
I was an unlikely person to be doing this.
9
23000
3000
Nije se činilo kao da sam baš ja osoba koja će to raditi.
00:41
I never studied sculpture,
10
26000
2000
Nikada nisam studirala kiparstvo,
00:43
engineering or architecture.
11
28000
2000
inžinjerstvo ili arhitekturu.
00:45
In fact, after college
12
30000
2000
Zapravo, nakon fakulteta
00:47
I applied to seven art schools
13
32000
2000
prijavila sam se na sedam umjetničkih škola
00:49
and was rejected by all seven.
14
34000
3000
i odbili su me na svih sedam.
00:53
I went off on my own to become an artist,
15
38000
2000
Otišla sam i sama postala umjetnica,
00:55
and I painted for 10 years,
16
40000
4000
i slikala sam 10 godina,
00:59
when I was offered a Fulbright to India.
17
44000
3000
kada mi je ponuđena Fullbright stipendija za Indiju.
01:02
Promising to give exhibitions of paintings,
18
47000
3000
Obećala sam kako ću izložiti svoje slike,
01:05
I shipped my paints and arrived in Mahabalipuram.
19
50000
2000
i dostavila sam svoje slike i stigla sam u Mahabalipuram.
01:07
The deadline for the show arrived --
20
52000
3000
Datum izložbe je stigao --
01:10
my paints didn't.
21
55000
2000
moje slike nisu.
01:12
I had to do something.
22
57000
2000
Morala sam nešto učiniti.
01:14
This fishing village was famous for sculpture.
23
59000
2000
To ribarsko selo je bilo poznato po kiparstvu.
01:16
So I tried bronze casting.
24
61000
3000
Stoga sam probala s lijevanjem bronce.
01:19
But to make large forms was too heavy and expensive.
25
64000
3000
Ali za izradu velikih oblika ona je bila preteška i skupa.
01:22
I went for a walk on the beach,
26
67000
2000
Otišla sam u šetnju po plaži,
01:24
watching the fishermen
27
69000
2000
promatrajući ribare
01:26
bundle their nets into mounds on the sand.
28
71000
2000
kako vežu svoje mreže na pješćane nasipe.
01:28
I'd seen it every day,
29
73000
2000
Vidjela bih to svaki dan,
01:30
but this time I saw it differently --
30
75000
2000
ali ovaj put vidjela sam to drugačije --
01:32
a new approach to sculpture,
31
77000
2000
novi pristup kiparstvu,
01:34
a way to make volumetric form
32
79000
3000
način kako napraviti volumetrijske oblike
01:37
without heavy solid materials.
33
82000
3000
bez teških čvrstih materijala.
01:40
My first satisfying sculpture
34
85000
2000
Moja prva zadovoljvajuća skulptura
01:42
was made in collaboration with these fishermen.
35
87000
3000
je napravljena u suradnji s tim ribarima.
01:45
It's a self-portrait
36
90000
2000
To je autoportret
01:47
titled "Wide Hips."
37
92000
2000
nazvan "Široki kukovi."
01:49
(Laughter)
38
94000
3000
(Pljesak)
01:53
We hoisted them on poles to photograph.
39
98000
3000
Istaknuli smo ih na stupovima kako bi ih fotografirali.
01:56
I discovered
40
101000
2000
Primjetila sam
01:58
their soft surfaces
41
103000
2000
kako je njihovu nježnu površinu
02:00
revealed every ripple of wind
42
105000
2000
otkrio svaki val vjetra
02:02
in constantly changing patterns.
43
107000
2000
u stalno drugačijim uzorcima.
02:04
I was mesmerized.
44
109000
3000
Bila sam očarana.
02:07
I continued studying craft traditions
45
112000
3000
Nastavila sam proučavati tradicije zanata
02:10
and collaborating with artisans,
46
115000
2000
i surađivati s artizanima,
02:12
next in Lithuania with lace makers.
47
117000
2000
zatim u Litvi s izrađivačima vezica.
02:14
I liked the fine detail
48
119000
2000
Voljela sam fini detalj
02:16
it gave my work,
49
121000
2000
koji je moj rad pružao,
02:18
but I wanted to make them larger --
50
123000
2000
ali željela sam ih izrađivati veće --
02:20
to shift from being an object you look at
51
125000
2000
napraviti promjenu od objekta koji promatrate
02:22
to something you could get lost in.
52
127000
3000
do nečega u čemu se možete izgubiti.
02:25
Returning to India to work with those fishermen,
53
130000
3000
Vraćajući se u Indiju kako bi radila s tim ribarima,
02:28
we made a net
54
133000
2000
napravili smo mrežu
02:30
of a million and a half hand-tied knots --
55
135000
3000
od milijun i pol ručno vezanih čvorova --
02:35
installed briefly in Madrid.
56
140000
3000
koja je nakratko bila postavljena u Madridu.
02:38
Thousands of people saw it,
57
143000
2000
Tisuće ljudi je to vidjelo,
02:40
and one of them was the urbanist
58
145000
2000
a jedan od njih je bio i urbanist
02:42
Manual Sola-Morales
59
147000
2000
Manual Sola-Morales
02:44
who was redesigning the waterfront
60
149000
2000
koji je redizajnirao rivu
02:46
in Porto, Portugal.
61
151000
3000
u Portu, Portugalu.
02:49
He asked if I could build this
62
154000
2000
On me pitao bih li mogla izraditi to
02:51
as a permanent piece for the city.
63
156000
2000
kao trajni dio za grad.
02:53
I didn't know if I could do that
64
158000
2000
Nisam znala bih li mogla to učiniti
02:55
and preserve my art.
65
160000
2000
i sačuvati svoju umjetnost.
02:57
Durable, engineered, permanent --
66
162000
3000
Izdržljiv, projektiran, trajan --
03:00
those are in opposition
67
165000
2000
oni su u suprotnosti
03:02
to idiosyncratic, delicate and ephemeral.
68
167000
3000
s idiosinkrazijskim, krhkim i kratkotrajnim.
03:06
For two years, I searched for a fiber
69
171000
3000
Dvije godine sam tražila vlakno
03:09
that could survive ultraviolet rays,
70
174000
2000
koji bi moglo preživjeti ultraljubičaste zrake,
03:11
salt, air, pollution,
71
176000
3000
slani zrak, zagađenje,
03:14
and at the same time remain soft enough
72
179000
2000
a u isto vrijeme da ostane dovoljno mekano
03:16
to move fluidly in the wind.
73
181000
3000
kako bi se moglo tečno gibati na vjetru.
03:19
We needed something to hold the net up
74
184000
2000
Trebali smo nešto što će držati mrežu
03:21
out there in the middle of the traffic circle.
75
186000
2000
gore usred kružnog toka.
03:23
So we raised this 45,000-pound steel ring.
76
188000
5000
Stoga smo podigli taj 20.500 kg težak čelični prsten.
03:28
We had to engineer it
77
193000
2000
Trebali smo ga projektirati
03:30
to move gracefully in an average breeze
78
195000
2000
tako da se dostojanstveno pomiče na povjetarcu prosječne brzine
03:32
and survive in hurricane winds.
79
197000
3000
te da preživi uraganske vjetrove.
03:35
But there was no engineering software
80
200000
3000
Ali nije postojao nikakav softver za projektiranje
03:38
to model something porous and moving.
81
203000
4000
koji bi omogućio modeliranje nečeg poroznog i gipkog.
03:42
I found a brilliant aeronautical engineer
82
207000
3000
Pronašla sam briljantnog aeronautičkog inžinjera
03:45
who designs sails for America's Cup racing yachts
83
210000
3000
koji dizajnira jedra za utrku jahti na Američkom kupu
03:48
named Peter Heppel.
84
213000
3000
koji se zove Peter Heppel.
03:51
He helped me tackle the twin challenges
85
216000
2000
On mi je pomogao da se uhvatim u koštac s dvojnim izazovom
03:53
of precise shape
86
218000
2000
preciznog oblika
03:55
and gentle movement.
87
220000
3000
i nježnih pokreta.
03:58
I couldn't build this the way I knew
88
223000
2000
Nisam to mogla izraditi na način koji sam poznavala,
04:00
because hand-tied knots
89
225000
2000
jer ručno vezani čvorovi
04:02
weren't going to withstand a hurricane.
90
227000
2000
ne bi izdržali uragan.
04:04
So I developed a relationship
91
229000
2000
Stoga sam stupila u kontakt
04:06
with an industrial fishnet factory,
92
231000
2000
s tvornicom industrijskih ribarskih mreža,
04:08
learned the variables of their machines,
93
233000
2000
naučila sam varijable njihovih strojeva,
04:10
and figured out a way
94
235000
2000
i pronašla način
04:12
to make lace with them.
95
237000
3000
da napravim vezice s njima.
04:15
There was no language
96
240000
2000
Nije postojao nikakav jezik
04:17
to translate this ancient, idiosyncratic handcraft
97
242000
4000
koji bi preveo taj drevni, idiosinkrazijski ručni rad
04:21
into something machine operators could produce.
98
246000
3000
u nešto što bi operatori na strojevima mogli proizvesti.
04:24
So we had to create one.
99
249000
3000
Stoga smo morali stvoriti jedan.
04:27
Three years and two children later,
100
252000
4000
Tri godine i dvoje djece kasnije,
04:31
we raised this 50,000-square-foot lace net.
101
256000
3000
podigli smo tu 4.650 četvornih metara veliku čipkastu mrežu.
04:34
It was hard to believe
102
259000
2000
Bilo je teško vjerovati
04:36
that what I had imagined
103
261000
2000
kako je ono što sam zamislila
04:38
was now built, permanent
104
263000
3000
bilo sada izgrađeno, trajno
04:41
and had lost nothing in translation.
105
266000
3000
i ništa nije bilo izgubljeno u prijevodu.
04:44
(Applause)
106
269000
5000
(Pljesak)
04:49
This intersection had been bland and anonymous.
107
274000
3000
To raskrižje je bilo blago i anonimno.
04:52
Now it had a sense of place.
108
277000
3000
Sada je imalo osjećaj prostora.
04:55
I walked underneath it
109
280000
2000
Hodala sam ispod toga
04:57
for the first time.
110
282000
2000
po prvi puta.
04:59
As I watched the wind's choreography unfold,
111
284000
3000
Kako sam vidjela koreografiju vjetra kako se odmotava,
05:02
I felt sheltered
112
287000
2000
osjećala sam se sklonjenom
05:04
and, at the same time,
113
289000
2000
i, u isto vrijeme,
05:06
connected to limitless sky.
114
291000
2000
povezanom s bezgraničnim nebom.
05:08
My life was not going to be the same.
115
293000
3000
Moj život neće biti isti.
05:19
I want to create these oases of sculpture
116
304000
3000
Želim izrađivati te oaze kiparstva
05:22
in spaces of cities around the world.
117
307000
3000
na gradskim prostorima diljem svijeta.
05:25
I'm going to share two directions
118
310000
2000
Podijeliti ću dva smjera
05:27
that are new in my work.
119
312000
3000
koja su nova u mojem radu.
05:30
Historic Philadelphia City Hall:
120
315000
2000
Povijesna gradska vijećnica Philadelphia-e:
05:32
its plaza, I felt, needed a material for sculpture
121
317000
4000
to je trg, osjećala sam kako je trebao materijal za skulpturu
05:36
that was lighter than netting.
122
321000
2000
koji je lakši od mreže.
05:38
So we experimented
123
323000
2000
Stoga smo eksperimentirali
05:40
with tiny atomized water particles
124
325000
2000
sa sićušnim atomiziranim dijelićima vode
05:42
to create a dry mist
125
327000
2000
kako bi stvorili suhu izmaglicu
05:44
that is shaped by the wind
126
329000
2000
koju vjetar oblikuje.
05:46
and in testing, discovered
127
331000
2000
A u testiranju se otkrilo
05:48
that it can be shaped by people
128
333000
2000
kako se mogu oblikovati i od ljudi
05:50
who can interact and move through it without getting wet.
129
335000
3000
koji su u interakciji i koji se kreću kroz nju bez da se smoče.
05:53
I'm using this sculpture material
130
338000
3000
Koristim taj kiparski materijal
05:56
to trace the paths of subway trains above ground
131
341000
4000
kako bih pratila puteve vlakova podzemne željeznice iznad zemlje
06:00
in real time --
132
345000
3000
u stvarnom vremenu --
06:03
like an X-ray of the city's circulatory system unfolding.
133
348000
4000
poput rendgenskih zraka koje otkrivaju gradski sustav cirkulacije.
06:11
Next challenge,
134
356000
2000
Idući izazov,
06:13
the Biennial of the Americas in Denver
135
358000
2000
Bijenale Amerika u Denveru
06:15
asked, could I represent
136
360000
2000
mogu li predstaviti
06:17
the 35 nations of the Western hemisphere and their interconnectedness
137
362000
3000
35 država zapadne hemisfere i njihovu međupovezanost
06:20
in a sculpture?
138
365000
2000
u skulpturi.
06:22
(Laughter)
139
367000
3000
(Smijeh)
06:25
I didn't know where to begin,
140
370000
2000
Ne znam gdje da počnem,
06:27
but I said yes.
141
372000
2000
ali rekla sam da.
06:29
I read about the recent earthquake in Chile
142
374000
3000
Čitala sam o nedavnom potresu u Čileu
06:32
and the tsunami that rippled across
143
377000
2000
i o tsunamiju koji je protutnjao preko
06:34
the entire Pacific Ocean.
144
379000
2000
cijelog Pacifičkog oceana.
06:36
It shifted the Earth's tectonic plates,
145
381000
3000
Pomaknuo je Zemljine tektonske ploče,
06:39
sped up the planet's rotation
146
384000
2000
ubrzao rotaciju planeta
06:41
and literally shortened the length of the day.
147
386000
3000
i doslovno skratio trajanje dana.
06:44
So I contacted NOAA,
148
389000
3000
Stoga sam kontaktirala NOAA,
06:47
and I asked if they'd share their data on the tsunami,
149
392000
3000
i pitala da li bi oni podijelili svoje podatke o tsunamiju,
06:50
and translated it into this.
150
395000
3000
i preveli ih u ovo.
06:55
Its title: "1.26"
151
400000
3000
Naslov: "1.26"
06:58
refers to the number of microseconds
152
403000
2000
se odnosi na broj mikrosekundi
07:00
that the Earth's day was shortened.
153
405000
3000
za koji je dan na Zemlji skraćen.
07:03
I couldn't build this with a steel ring, the way I knew.
154
408000
3000
Nisam to mogla izraditi sa čeličnim prstenom, na način koji sam znala.
07:06
Its shape was too complex now.
155
411000
3000
Njegov oblik je sada bio prekompleksan.
07:09
So I replaced the metal armature
156
414000
2000
Stoga sam zamijenila metalnu armaturu
07:11
with a soft, fine mesh
157
416000
2000
s glatkom, finom mrežom
07:13
of a fiber 15 times stronger than steel.
158
418000
4000
vlakana 15 puta snažnijih od čelika.
07:17
The sculpture could now be entirely soft,
159
422000
4000
Skulptura je sada mogla biti potpuno mekana,
07:21
which made it so light
160
426000
2000
što ju je učinilo toliko laganom
07:23
it could tie in to existing buildings --
161
428000
3000
da se mogla vezati na postojeće zgrade --
07:26
literally becoming part of the fabric of the city.
162
431000
3000
doslovno postajući dio tkanine grada.
07:29
There was no software
163
434000
2000
Nije postojao softver
07:31
that could extrude these complex net forms
164
436000
3000
koji bi istisnuo te kompleksne mrežne oblike
07:34
and model them with gravity.
165
439000
2000
i modelirao ih s gravitacijom.
07:36
So we had to create it.
166
441000
3000
Stoga smo ga morali proizvesti.
07:39
Then I got a call from New York City
167
444000
3000
Zatim sam dobila poziv iz New York City-a
07:42
asking if I could adapt these concepts
168
447000
3000
pitajući me bih li mogla adaptirati te koncepte
07:45
to Times Square
169
450000
2000
na Times Square-u
07:47
or the High Line.
170
452000
2000
ili na Highline-u.
07:49
This new soft structural method
171
454000
3000
Ta nova mekana strukturalna metoda
07:52
enables me to model these
172
457000
2000
mi omogućuje da ih modeliram
07:54
and build these sculptures
173
459000
2000
i izradim te skulpture
07:56
at the scale of skyscrapers.
174
461000
3000
veličine nebodera.
07:59
They don't have funding yet,
175
464000
2000
Još uvijek nisu dobili financijsku podršku,
08:01
but I dream now
176
466000
2000
ali sada sanjam
08:03
of bringing these to cities around the world
177
468000
3000
da ih dovedem u gradove diljem svijeta
08:06
where they're most needed.
178
471000
3000
gdje su najviše potrebni.
08:09
Fourteen years ago,
179
474000
3000
Prije 14 godina,
08:12
I searched for beauty
180
477000
3000
tražila sam ljepotu
08:15
in the traditional things,
181
480000
2000
u tradicionalnim stvarima,
08:17
in craft forms.
182
482000
3000
u izrađivačkim oblicima.
08:22
Now I combine them with hi-tech materials and engineering
183
487000
4000
Sada ih kombiniram s materijalima visoke tehnologije i projektiranjem
08:26
to create voluptuous, billowing forms
184
491000
3000
kako bih stvorila pohotljive, valovite oblike
08:29
the scale of buildings.
185
494000
3000
veličine zgrada.
08:32
My artistic horizons continue to grow.
186
497000
3000
Moji umjetnički horizonti se neprestano povećavaju.
08:35
I'll leave you with this story.
187
500000
3000
Ostavit ću vas s ovom pričom.
08:38
I got a call from a friend in Phoenix.
188
503000
3000
Dobila sam poziv od prijateljice iz Phoenix-a.
08:41
An attorney in the office
189
506000
2000
Odvjetnica u uredu
08:43
who'd never been interested in art,
190
508000
2000
koju nikada nije zanimala umjetnost,
08:45
never visited the local art museum,
191
510000
3000
koja nikada nije posjetila lokalni muzej umjetnosti,
08:48
dragged everyone she could from the building
192
513000
3000
dovukla je sve koje je mogla iz te zgrade
08:51
and got them outside to lie down underneath the sculpture.
193
516000
3000
i navela ih da legnu vani ispod skulpture.
08:54
There they were in their business suits,
194
519000
2000
Tamo su oni bili, u svojim poslovnim odjelima,
08:56
laying in the grass,
195
521000
2000
ležeći na travi,
08:58
noticing the changing patterns of wind
196
523000
2000
primjećujući mjenjajuće uzorke vjetra
09:00
beside people they didn't know,
197
525000
2000
pokraj ljudi koje nisu poznavali,
09:02
sharing the rediscovery of wonder.
198
527000
3000
dijeleći s njima ponovno otkrivenje čuda.
09:06
Thank you.
199
531000
2000
Hvala vam.
09:08
(Applause)
200
533000
3000
(Pljesak)
09:11
Thank you. Thank you.
201
536000
2000
Hvala vam. Hvala vam.
09:13
Thank you.
202
538000
2000
Hvala vam.
09:15
Thank you. Thank you.
203
540000
3000
Hvala vam. Hvala vam.
09:18
(Applause)
204
543000
2000
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Janet Echelman - ArtistAmerican artist Janet Echelman reshapes urban airspace with monumental, fluidly moving sculpture that responds to environmental forces including wind, water, and sunlight.
Why you should listen
Janet Echelman builds living, breathing sculpture environments that respond to the forces of nature — wind, water and light— and become inviting focal points for civic life.
Exploring the potential of unlikely materials, from fishing net to atomized water particles, Echelman combines ancient craft with cutting-edge technology to create her permanent sculpture at the scale of buildings. Experiential in nature, the result is sculpture that shifts from being an object you look at, to something you can get lost in.
Recent prominent works include “Her Secret is Patience”, which spans two city blocks in downtown Phoenix, “Water Sky Garden”, which premiered for the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, and “She Changes”, which transformed a waterfront plaza in Porto, Portugal. Her newest commission creates a “Zone of Recomposure” in the new Terminal 2 at San Francisco International Airport. Upcoming projects include the remaking of Dilworth Plaza in front of Philadelphia City Hall -- turning it into a garden of dry-mist.
Janet Echelman | Speaker | TED.com