Mission Blue Voyage
Dianna Cohen: Tough truths about plastic pollution
ダイアナ・コーヘン「プラスチック汚染の許容しがたい真実」
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芸術家ダイアナ・コーヘンが、我々の生活と海洋におけるプラスチック汚染の不幸な真実とプラスチック依存の渦から脱却する案について話します。
Dianna Cohen - Artist and activist
Dianna Cohen co-founded the Plastic Pollution Coalition, which is working to help end our cycle of plastics use. Full bio
Dianna Cohen co-founded the Plastic Pollution Coalition, which is working to help end our cycle of plastics use. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm a visual artist,
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私は視覚芸術家であり
00:17
and I'm also one of the co-founders of the Plastic Pollution Coalition.
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プラスチック汚染連合の創立者の1人です
00:20
I've been working with plastic bags,
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私は20年間ビニール袋を
00:23
which I cut up and sew back together as my primary material for my artwork
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切り再び縫い合わせて作品の
00:26
for the last 20 years.
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材料として使用してきました
00:28
I turn them into two and three-dimensional pieces
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プラスチックから2次元 3次元の
00:31
and sculptures and installations.
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立体芸術を作っています
00:34
Upon working with the plastic, after about the first eight years,
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プラスチック使用から約8年後
00:37
some of my work started to fissure
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私の作品のいくつかにひびが生じ
00:39
and break down into smaller little bits of plastic.
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プラスチック片へと崩れてしまいした
00:43
And I thought, "Great.
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それを見て「素晴らしい
00:45
It's ephemeral just like us."
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私達同様短命なんだ」と思いました
00:48
Upon educating myself a little further about plastics,
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プラスチックについて少し知を深めてみると
00:51
I actually realized this was a bad thing.
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これは実は好ましくないことだと気付きました
00:54
It's a bad thing that plastic breaks down into smaller little bits,
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プラスチックは小さな破片になってなお
00:57
because it's always still plastic.
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プラスチックのままだからです
00:59
And what we're finding
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気付いたことは これらの多くは
01:01
is that a lot of it is in the marine environment.
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海洋環境に存在するということです
01:03
I then, in the last few years,
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それから私はここ数年間で
01:05
learned about the Pacific garbage patch and the gyre.
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太平洋ゴミベルトと海流について学びました
01:08
And my initial reaction --
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多分皆さんもこれを知れば
01:10
and I think this is a lot of people's first reaction
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同じような反応をすると思いますが
01:12
to learning about it --
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最初のリアクションは
01:14
is, "Oh my God!
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「信じられない! 現場に行って
01:16
We've got to go out there and clean this thing up."
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除去しないと」というものでした
01:18
So I actually developed a proposal
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そこで実際に私は貨物船1隻と
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to go out with a cargo ship
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２隻の古いトロール漁船
01:22
and two decommissioned fishing trawlers,
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クレーン 粉砕機 圧縮機を率いて
01:24
a crane, a chipping machine
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海洋にて除去活動を行う
01:27
and a cold-molding machine.
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提案を練りました
01:29
And my intention was to go out to the gyre,
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問題の海域に赴き
01:31
raise awareness about this issue
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この問題に対する認識を高め
01:33
and begin to pick up the plastic,
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プラスチック回収を開始し
01:35
chip it into little bits and cold mold it into bricks
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発展途上地域で
01:38
that could potentially be used as building materials
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利用可能な建設資材へと
01:41
in underdeveloped communities.
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粉砕 転用しようと思ったのです
01:45
I began talking with people
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私は現場に実際に赴き
01:47
who actually had been out to the gyre
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海洋におけるプラスチック問題の
01:49
and were studying the plastic problem in the marine environment
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研究を行っている方と話を始めました
01:52
and upon doing so,
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そして 実際に除去活動をしても
01:55
I realized actually that cleaning it up
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世界中で廃棄されている量との
01:57
would be a very small drop in the bucket
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比較では それはほんの
02:00
relative to how much is being generated
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一部に過ぎず 私は
02:02
every day around the world,
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考え改めもっと広い視野で
02:05
and that actually I needed to back up and look at the bigger picture.
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眺める必要があると気付きました
02:07
And the bigger picture is:
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広い視野とは 根本的な原因を
02:09
we need to find a way to turn off the faucet.
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断つ方法を探すという事です
02:12
We need to cut the spigot
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我々は今日世界規模で
02:14
of single-use and disposable plastics,
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海洋に流れ込んでいる
02:16
which are entering the marine environment every day
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使い捨てプラスチックの
02:19
on a global scale.
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使用を断つ必要があります
02:21
So in looking at that, I also realized that I was really angry.
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状況を知り 私の中に怒りが沸上がりました
02:24
I wasn't just concerned about plastic
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私のプラスチック汚染への懸念は
02:27
that you're trying to imagine out in the middle of the Pacific Ocean --
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皆さんが想像するような
02:29
of which I have learned there are now
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太平洋の真ん中やー
02:31
11 gyres, potentially, of plastic
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今や5つの海洋 11の海流にわたる
02:33
in five major oceans in the world.
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海の汚染だけではありません
02:36
It's not just that gyre of plastic that I'm concerned about --
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スーパーにおける
02:39
it's the gyre of plastic in the supermarket.
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プラスチック汚染も心配です
02:41
I'd go to the supermarket and all of my food is packaged in plastic.
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スーパーでは食料品 飲料全てが
02:44
All of my beverages are packaged in plastic,
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プラスチックで包装されています
02:46
even at the health food market.
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健康食品店も同様です
02:49
I'm also concerned about the plastic in the refrigerator,
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私の心配は冷蔵庫の中のプラスチック
02:52
and I'm concerned about the plastic and the toxins that leach from plastic
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そしてそこから滲み出し我々の
02:55
into us and into our bodies.
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人体を蝕む毒素にも及びました
02:58
So I came together with a group of other people
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そこで同問題に取り組んでいた
03:00
who were all looking at this issue,
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人々を募り共同で
03:02
and we created the Plastic Pollution Coalition.
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プラスチック汚染連合を創設しました
03:05
We have many initiatives that we're working on,
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多くの改善策に取り組んでいますが
03:07
but some of them are very basic.
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とても基本的なものもあります
03:09
One is: if 80 to 90 percent
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まず 海洋堆積物の80～90％が
03:12
of what we're finding in the ocean --
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プラスチックであるなら
03:14
of the marine debris that we're finding in the ocean -- is plastic,
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ありのままに
03:16
then why don't we call it what it is.
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プラスチック汚染と呼ぼうと
03:19
It's plastic pollution.
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いうものです
03:21
Recycling -- everybody kind of ends their books
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資源維持と環境保全を考える時
03:24
about being sustainable and greening with the idea of recycling.
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人々はリサイクルで解決しようと考えます
03:27
You put something in a bin and you don't have to think about it again.
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リサイクルボックスに入れ おしまいです
03:30
What is the reality of that?
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本当にそうでしょうか？アメリカで
03:32
In the United States, less than seven percent of our plastics are recycled.
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リサイクルされるプラスチックは7%以下です
03:35
And if you really look into it,
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現実に目を向けると
03:37
particularly when it comes to plastic bottles,
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とりわけペットボトルでは
03:39
most of it is only down-cycled,
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劣化品となるか 焼却処分
03:41
or incinerated, or shipped to China.
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もしくは中国行きのいずれかです
03:44
It is down-cycled and turned into lesser things,
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ビンボトルはリサイクルされ
03:47
while a glass bottle can be a glass bottle again
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再びビンボトルとなるか
03:50
or can be used again --
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再利用が可能ですが
03:52
a plastic bottle can never be a plastic bottle again.
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ペットボトルでは実現不可能です
03:55
So this is a big issue for us.
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我々の大きな課題なのです
03:57
Another thing that we're looking at and asking people to think about
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もう１つ我々が目指し人々に
04:00
is we've added a fourth R
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働きかけていることは 削減(Reduce)
04:03
onto the front
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再利用(Reuse) リサイクル(Recycle)の
04:05
of the "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle," three R's,
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3Rに先駆ける4つ目のR
04:07
and that is refuse.
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拒否(Refuse)です
04:09
Whenever possible, refuse single-use and disposable plastics.
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代替があるのですから可能な限り
04:12
Alternatives exist;
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使い捨てプラスチックは避けてください
04:14
some of them are very old-school.
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昔ながらの容器もあります
04:16
I myself am now collecting these cool Pyrex containers
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私自身 食料保存用にグラッドやタッパーではなく
04:19
and using those instead of Glad and Tupperware containers
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素晴らしいパイレックスの容器を
04:21
to store food in.
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収集し利用しています
04:23
And I know that I am doing a service
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こうして私は自分自身と
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to myself and my family.
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家族に貢献しているのです
04:27
It's very easy to pick up a stainless-steel bottle
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旅行の際に飲料水補充用の
04:29
or a glass bottle,
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ステンレスボトル持参を忘れてしまっても
04:31
if you're traveling and you've forgotten to bring your stainless-steel bottle
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ペットボトル詰めの飲料水購入ではなく
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and fill that up with water or filtered water,
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ステンレスやビン詰めの飲料水を
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versus purchasing plastic bottled water.
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選択することは容易でしょう
04:39
I guess what I want to say to everybody here --
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この問題は広く認識されていますが
04:41
and I know that you guys know a lot about this issue --
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皆さんにお伝えしたいのは
04:44
is that this is a huge problem in the oceans,
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これは我々消費者が引き起こした
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but this is a problem that we've created as consumers
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海洋における重大問題であるけれど
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and we can solve.
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解決可能だという事です
04:51
We can solve this by raising awareness of the issue
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問題意識を高め 代替品使用を
04:54
and teaching people to choose alternatives.
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促すことで解決できます
04:57
So whenever possible, to choose alternatives
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可能な限り使い捨てプラスチックの
04:59
to single-use plastics.
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使用は避けてください
05:01
We can cut the stem -- tide the stem of this
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問題の根源をたち
05:03
into our oceans
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海に流さなければ
05:05
and in doing so,
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海洋を 地球を
05:07
save our oceans, save our planet, save ourselves.
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我々自身を救えるのです
05:10
Thank you. (Applause)
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ありがとうございました
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dianna Cohen - Artist and activistDianna Cohen co-founded the Plastic Pollution Coalition, which is working to help end our cycle of plastics use.
Why you should listen
Dianna Cohen is the co-founder of the Plastic Pollution Coalition, a group that addresses the pervasive problem of plastic pollution. She was inspired to co-found the group by her work as an artist -- because her chosen material is the ubiquitous plastic bag. She writes: "Having worked with the plastic bag as my primary material for the past fifteen years, all of the obvious references to recycling, first-world culture, class, high and low art give way to an almost formal process which reflects the unique flexibility of the medium."
With the Plastic Pollution Coalition, she helps to raise awareness of ocean waste -- the majority of which is nondegradable plastic -- and everyday strategies to cut down the amount of plastic we use and throw away.
Dianna Cohen | Speaker | TED.com