TEDGlobal 2011
Yang Lan: The generation that's remaking China
Yang Lan: Generacija, ki spreminja Kitajsko
Filmed:
Readability: 4.3
2,042,453 views
Yang Lan, novinarka in poslovna ženska, znana tudi kot "kitajska Oprah", predstavi prihajajočo generacijo mladega kitajskega mestnega prebivalstva, aktivnega na spletu in borcev za pravico.
Yang Lan - Media mogul, TV host
Yang Lan is often called “the Oprah of China.” The chair of a multiplatform business empire, Yang is pioneering more-open means of communication in the communist nation. Full bio
Yang Lan is often called “the Oprah of China.” The chair of a multiplatform business empire, Yang is pioneering more-open means of communication in the communist nation. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
The night before I was heading for Scotland,
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Večer, preden sem se odpravila na Škotsko,
00:18
I was invited to host the final
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sem gostila finale šova
00:21
of "China's Got Talent" show in Shanghai
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"Kitajska ima talent" v Šanghaju
00:24
with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium.
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pred 80.000 gledalci na stadionu.
00:28
Guess who was the performing guest?
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Uganete, kdo je bil gost na dogodku?
00:31
Susan Boyle.
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Susan Boyle.
00:34
And I told her, "I'm going to Scotland the next day."
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Povedala sem ji, da se naslednji dan odpravljam na Škotsko.
00:38
She sang beautifully,
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Čudovito je pela
00:40
and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese:
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in celo povedala nekaj besed v kitajščini, in sicer
00:44
送你葱
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sòng nǐ cōng (送你葱).
00:47
So it's not like "hello" or "thank you,"
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To ne pomeni "zdravo" ali "hvala",
00:49
that ordinary stuff.
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kar se ponavadi najprej naučimo, pač pa
00:51
It means "green onion for free."
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"mlada čebula zastonj".
00:53
Why did she say that?
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Zakaj je to rekla?
00:56
Because it was a line
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To je nekoč zapela
00:59
from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle --
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naša kitajska Susan Boyle --
01:02
a 50-some year-old woman,
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gospa petdesetih let,
01:04
a vegetable vendor in Shanghai,
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prodajalka zelenjave v Šanghaju,
01:06
who loves singing Western opera,
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ki rada prepeva arije zahodnih oper,
01:09
but she didn't understand
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a ker ne razume
01:11
any English or French or Italian,
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angleško, francosko ali italijansko,
01:13
so she managed to fill in the lyrics
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je besede nadomestila
01:15
with vegetable names in Chinese.
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z imeni zelenjave v kitajščini.
01:17
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:19
And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma
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In tako je zadnji verz arije Nessun Dorma,
01:22
that she was singing in the stadium
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ki jo je pela na stadionu,
01:24
was "green onion for free."
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postal "mlada čebula zastonj".
01:27
So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that,
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Ko je Susan Boyle to ponovila,
01:30
80,000 live audience sang together.
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je 80.000 gledalcev skupaj zapelo.
01:33
That was hilarious.
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Res je bilo zabavno.
01:36
So I guess both Susan Boyle
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Zame torej tako Susan Boyle
01:39
and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai
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kot šanghajska prodajalka zelenjave
01:42
belonged to otherness.
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predstavljata drugost.
01:44
They were the least expected to be successful
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Nihče jima nikdar ne bi pripisal uspeha
01:46
in the business called entertainment,
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v zabavni industriji,
01:49
yet their courage and talent brought them through.
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pa vendar sta se s pogumom in talentom prebili vanjo.
01:52
And a show and a platform
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Oddaja in oder sta jima
01:55
gave them the stage
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omogočila,
01:57
to realize their dreams.
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da uresničita svoje sanje.
02:00
Well, being different is not that difficult.
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Biti drugačen niti ni tako težko.
02:04
We are all different
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Vsi smo drugačni
02:06
from different perspectives.
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iz različnih vidikov.
02:08
But I think being different is good,
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A biti drugačen je zame nekaj dobrega,
02:10
because you present a different point of view.
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saj predstavlja drugačen vidik na stvari.
02:13
You may have the chance to make a difference.
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Tako obstaja možnost, da spremenimo stvari.
02:16
My generation has been very fortunate
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Moja generacija je imela srečo,
02:18
to witness and participate
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da je bila priča in dejavnik
02:20
in the historic transformation of China
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v zgodovinski preobrazbi Kitajske,
02:23
that has made so many changes
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saj jo je zaznamovalo ogromno sprememb
02:25
in the past 20, 30 years.
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v zadnjih dvajsetih, tridesetih letih.
02:28
I remember that in the year of 1990,
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Spominjam se leta 1990,
02:31
when I was graduating from college,
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ko sem se po univerzitetni diplomi
02:33
I was applying for a job in the sales department
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potegovala za delovno mesto v prodajnem oddelku
02:36
of the first five-star hotel in Beijing,
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prvega hotela s petimi zvezdicami v Pekingu,
02:38
Great Wall Sheraton -- it's still there.
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Sheratonovem hotelu Great Wall, ki še vedno stoji.
02:42
So after being interrogated
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Po pol ure razgovora
02:44
by this Japanese manager for a half an hour,
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z japonskim poslovodjo
02:46
he finally said,
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mi je rekel,
02:48
"So, Miss Yang,
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"Torej, gospodična Yang,
02:50
do you have any questions to ask me?"
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me želite tudi vi kaj vprašati?"
02:53
I summoned my courage and poise and said,
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Zbrala sem pogum in mirno rekla,
02:56
"Yes, but could you let me know,
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"Da, bi mi lahko povedali,
02:58
what actually do you sell?"
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kaj pravzaprav prodajate?"
03:01
I didn't have a clue what a sales department was about
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Nisem imela pojma, s čim se ukvarja
03:03
in a five-star hotel.
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prodajni oddelek hotela s petimi zvezdicami.
03:05
That was the first day I set my foot
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Takrat sem namreč prvič stopila
03:07
in a five-star hotel.
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v tak imeniten hotel.
03:09
Around the same time,
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Približno v istem času
03:11
I was going through an audition --
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sem sodelovala na avdiciji,
03:14
the first ever open audition
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prvi javni avdiciji
03:16
by national television in China --
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kitajske državne televizije,
03:19
with another thousand college girls.
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skupaj s še tisoč študentkami.
03:22
The producer told us
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Producer nam je povedal,
03:24
they were looking for some sweet, innocent
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da iščejo prikupen, nedolžen
03:26
and beautiful fresh face.
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in lep mlad obraz.
03:29
So when it was my turn, I stood up and said,
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Ko sem prišla na vrsto, sem vstala in rekla,
03:32
"Why [do] women's personalities on television
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"Zakaj morajo biti ženske na televiziji
03:35
always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent
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vedno lepe, prikupne, nedolžne
03:38
and, you know, supportive?
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in razumevajoče?
03:41
Why can't they have their own ideas
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Zakaj ne bi mogle imeti svojih zamisli
03:43
and their own voice?"
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in svojih stališč?"
03:45
I thought I kind of offended them.
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Bala sem se, da sem jih užalila.
03:49
But actually, they were impressed by my words.
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V resnici pa sem jih s tem navdušila.
03:53
And so I was in the second round of competition,
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Tako sem se prebila v drugi krog,
03:55
and then the third and the fourth.
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nato še v tretjega in četrtega.
03:57
After seven rounds of competition,
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Po sedmih krogih izbiranja
03:59
I was the last one to survive it.
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sem ostala edina, ki je prišla do konca.
04:02
So I was on a national television prime-time show.
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Tako sem dobila oddajo v najbolj gledanem terminu državne televizije.
04:05
And believe it or not,
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Verjeli ali ne,
04:07
that was the first show on Chinese television
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to je bila prva oddaja kitajske televizije,
04:09
that allowed its hosts
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ki je voditeljem dovolila
04:11
to speak out of their own minds
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izražanje lastnih stališč
04:13
without reading an approved script.
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brez vnaprej odobrenega besedila.
04:16
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
04:20
And my weekly audience at that time
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Takrat je moje tedensko občinstvo
04:22
was between 200 to 300 million people.
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štelo med 200 in 300 milijoni ljudi.
04:26
Well after a few years,
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Po nekaj letih sem se odločila
04:28
I decided to go to the U.S. and Columbia University
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iti v ZDA na univerzo Columbia
04:31
to pursue my postgraduate studies,
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in se posvetiti podiplomskemu študiju,
04:33
and then started my own media company,
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nato pa sem ustanovila lastno medijsko podjetje,
04:35
which was unthought of
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ki je bil v letih, ko sem začela
04:38
during the years that I started my career.
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poklicno pot, še nepredstavljiv.
04:40
So we do a lot of things.
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Tu počnemo veliko stvari.
04:42
I've interviewed more than a thousand people in the past.
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V oddaji sem gostila že več kot tisoč ljudi.
04:45
And sometimes I have young people approaching me
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Včasih mi mladi ljudje povejo,
04:48
say, "Lan, you changed my life,"
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"Lan, spremenili ste mi življenje,"
04:50
and I feel proud of that.
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na kar sem zelo ponosna.
04:52
But then we are also so fortunate
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Prav tako pa smo imeli srečo
04:54
to witness the transformation of the whole country.
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biti priča spremembi celotne države.
04:57
I was in Beijing's bidding for the Olympic Games.
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V Pekingu sem se potegovala za olimpijske igre.
05:01
I was representing the Shanghai Expo.
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Predstavljala sem Šanghajski Expo.
05:03
I saw China embracing the world
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Bila sem zraven, ko je Kitajska sprejemala svet
05:05
and vice versa.
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in svet njo.
05:07
But then sometimes I'm thinking,
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Včasih pa se vprašam,
05:10
what are today's young generation up to?
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s čim se ukvarja današnja mladina?
05:14
How are they different,
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Na kakšen način so drugačni
05:16
and what are the differences they are going to make
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in kakšne spremembe bodo spodbudili
05:18
to shape the future of China,
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za oblikovanje prihodnosti
05:20
or at large, the world?
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Kitajske in sveta?
05:23
So today I want to talk about young people
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Danes torej želim govoriti o mladih,
05:25
through the platform of social media.
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aktivnih v družabnih medijih.
05:28
First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like?
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Prvič, kdo so? Kako izgledajo?
05:31
Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei --
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To je dekle po imenu Guo Meimei,
05:33
20 years old, beautiful.
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čedna dvajsetletnica.
05:35
She showed off her expensive bags,
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S svojimi dragimi torbicami,
05:38
clothes and car
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oblekami in avtom se je bahala
05:40
on her microblog,
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na Microblogu,
05:42
which is the Chinese version of Twitter.
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kitajski različici Twitterja.
05:44
And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Cross
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Predstavljala se je kot generalna direktorica
05:48
at the Chamber of Commerce.
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Rdečega križa pri Trgovinski zbornici.
05:51
She didn't realize
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Ni se zavedala,
05:53
that she stepped on a sensitive nerve
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da je dregnila na občutljivo mesto
05:55
and aroused national questioning,
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in po celi državi sprožila dvome,
05:57
almost a turmoil,
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celo razburjenje
05:59
against the credibility of Red Cross.
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glede verodostojnosti Rdečega križa.
06:02
The controversy was so heated
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Spornost položaja je dosegla višek
06:05
that the Red Cross had to open a press conference
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in Rdeči križ je moral sklicati tiskovno konferenco,
06:07
to clarify it,
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da bi zadevo pojasnil,
06:09
and the investigation is going on.
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podrobnejša preiskava pa že poteka.
06:11
So far, as of today,
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Za zdaj vemo,
06:14
we know that she herself made up that title --
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da se je dekle sámo ovenčalo s tem nazivom,
06:17
probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity.
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najbrž, ker je ponosna na svojo povezanost z dobrodelnostjo.
06:20
All those expensive items
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Vse te drage stvari
06:22
were given to her as gifts
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je dobila kot darilo
06:24
by her boyfriend,
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od njenega fanta,
06:26
who used to be a board member
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bivšega člana odbora
06:28
in a subdivision of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce.
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manjše enote Rdečega križa pri Trgovinski zbornici.
06:31
It's very complicated to explain.
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Precej zapleteno.
06:34
But anyway, the public still doesn't buy it.
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Kakorkoli, javnost še vedno ni zadovoljna,
06:37
It is still boiling.
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v njej še vedno vre.
06:39
It shows us a general mistrust
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Izraža splošno nezaupanje do
06:42
of government or government-backed institutions,
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vladnih ustanov in ustanov z vladno podporo,
06:45
which lacked transparency in the past.
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v katerih je primanjkovalo preglednosti.
06:48
And also it showed us
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Prav tako pa prikazuje
06:50
the power and the impact of social media
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moč in vpliv družabnih medijev,
06:53
as microblog.
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kot je Microblog.
06:55
Microblog boomed in the year of 2010,
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Microblog je bil na vrhuncu leta 2010,
06:58
with visitors doubled
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ko se je število uporabnikov podvojilo,
07:00
and time spent on it tripled.
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čas uporabe pa potrojil.
07:03
Sina.com, a major news portal,
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Zgolj Sina.com, pomemben informativni portal,
07:05
alone has more than 140 million microbloggers.
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ima preko 140 milijonov mikroblogerjev.
07:09
On Tencent, 200 million.
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Na Tencentu jih je 200 milijonov.
07:11
The most popular blogger --
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Najbolj priljubljena blogerka,
07:13
it's not me --
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ne jaz,
07:15
it's a movie star,
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pač pa znana filmska igralka,
07:17
and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans.
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ima preko 9,5 milijonov oboževalcev oz. sledilcev njene strani.
07:21
About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people,
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Okrog 80 odstotkov teh mikroblogerjev je mladih,
07:24
under 30 years old.
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mlajših od trideset let.
07:27
And because, as you know,
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In kot veste, so klasični mediji
07:29
the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government,
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še vedno strogo vladno nadzorovani,
07:32
social media offers an opening
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zato družabni mediji ponujajo
07:34
to let the steam out a little bit.
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ventil za vsaj posredno izražanje mnenj.
07:36
But because you don't have many other openings,
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In ker drugih ventilov praktično ni,
07:39
the heat coming out of this opening
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sta jeza in vrenje, ki prihajata iz tega,
07:42
is sometimes very strong, active
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včasih zelo močna, dejavna
07:45
and even violent.
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in celo nasilna.
07:47
So through microblogging,
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Preko mikrobloganja
07:49
we are able to understand Chinese youth even better.
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torej lažje razumemo kitajsko mladino.
07:52
So how are they different?
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Kako se razlikujejo od nas?
07:54
First of all, most of them were born
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Prvič, večina se jih je rodila
07:56
in the 80s and 90s,
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v osemdesetih ali devetdesetih letih,
07:58
under the one-child policy.
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v času politike enega otroka.
08:01
And because of selected abortion
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Zaradi selektivnih splavov v družinah,
08:03
by families who favored boys to girls,
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ki so privilegirale dečke,
08:05
now we have ended up
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imamo sedaj 30 milijonov
08:07
with 30 million more young men than women.
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več mladih moških kot žensk.
08:10
That could pose
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To bi lahko predstavljalo
08:12
a potential danger to the society,
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določeno nevarnost družbi,
08:14
but who knows;
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a kdo ve,
08:16
we're in a globalized world,
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živimo v globaliziranem svetu,
08:18
so they can look for girlfriends from other countries.
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zato lahko kitajski fantje najdejo tudi tuja dekleta.
08:22
Most of them have fairly good education.
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Večina mladih je precej dobro izobraženih.
08:25
The illiteracy rate in China among this generation
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Stopnja nepismenosti med Kitajci in Kitajkami
08:28
is under one percent.
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te generacije je nižja od enega odstotka.
08:31
In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college.
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V večjih mestih kar 80 odstotkov otrok obiskuje fakulteto.
08:34
But they are facing an aging China
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Soočajo pa se s starajočo Kitajsko,
08:38
with a population above 65 years old
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delež prebivalstva, starejšega od 65 let,
08:41
coming up with seven-point-some percent this year,
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letos dosega dobrih sedem odstotkov,
08:44
and about to be 15 percent
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kar pa se lahko poveča na 15 odstotkov
08:46
by the year of 2030.
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do leta 2030.
08:48
And you know we have the tradition
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Najbrž poznate naš običaj,
08:50
that younger generations support the elders financially,
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da mlajša generacija finančno preživlja starejšo
08:52
and taking care of them when they're sick.
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in zanjo skrbi v primeru bolezni.
08:54
So it means young couples
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To torej pomeni, da bodo morali
08:56
will have to support four parents
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mladi pari skrbeti za štiri starše
08:59
who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.
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s pričakovano življenjsko dobo 73 let.
09:03
So making a living is not that easy
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Preživljanje torej za mladino
09:05
for young people.
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sploh ni preprosto.
09:07
College graduates are not in short supply.
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Diplomantov ne primanjkuje.
09:10
In urban areas,
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V mestnih območjih
09:12
college graduates find the starting salary
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je začetna plača diplomirancev
09:14
is about 400 U.S. dollars a month,
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okrog 400 ameriških dolarjev na mesec,
09:16
while the average rent
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povprečna najemnina
09:18
is above $500.
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pa presega 500 dolarjev.
09:20
So what do they do? They have to share space --
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Kaj torej storijo? Življenjski prostor si delijo,
09:23
squeezed in very limited space
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stisnjeni na zelo omejenem prostoru
09:25
to save money --
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in tako privarčujejo --
09:27
and they call themselves "tribe of ants."
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sami sebi pravijo "pleme mravelj".
09:30
And for those who are ready to get married
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Tisti, ki se bodo kmalu poročili
09:32
and buy their apartment,
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in kupili lastno stanovanje,
09:34
they figured out they have to work
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bodo predvideno morali delati
09:36
for 30 to 40 years
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trideset do štirideset let,
09:38
to afford their first apartment.
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preden si bodo lahko privoščili prvo stanovanje.
09:40
That ratio in America
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Za primerjavo, v ZDA
09:42
would only cost a couple five years to earn,
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bi si ga lahko privoščili po nekaj petih letih,
09:44
but in China it's 30 to 40 years
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na Kitajskem pa po skoraj štiridesetih letih
09:47
with the skyrocketing real estate price.
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zaradi astronomskih cen nepremičnin.
09:51
Among the 200 million migrant workers,
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Med 200 milijoni priseljenskih delavcev
09:54
60 percent of them are young people.
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je 60 odstotkov mladih ljudi.
09:57
They find themselves sort of sandwiched
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Ujeti so med mestna
09:59
between the urban areas and the rural areas.
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in podeželska območja.
10:02
Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside,
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Večina jih ne želi nazaj na deželo,
10:05
but they don't have the sense of belonging.
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vseeno pa nimajo občutka pripadanja.
10:07
They work for longer hours
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Delajo več časa
10:09
with less income, less social welfare.
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za manj plačila in manj socialne varnosti.
10:12
And they're more vulnerable
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Poleg tega so bolj ranljivi ob
10:14
to job losses,
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odpuščanju,
10:16
subject to inflation,
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inflaciji,
10:18
tightening loans from banks,
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strožjih bančnih posojilih,
10:20
appreciation of the renminbi,
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porastu kitajskega juana,
10:22
or decline of demand
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in upadu evropskega
10:24
from Europe or America
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ali ameriškega povpraševanja
10:26
for the products they produce.
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po izdelkih, ki jih izdelujejo.
10:28
Last year, though,
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Lani pa se je v južnokitajskih obratih
10:30
an appalling incident
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za proizvodnjo originalnih sestavnih delov
10:32
in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China:
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zgodil šokanten incident:
10:35
13 young workers
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trinajst mladih delavcev,
10:37
in their late teens and early 20s
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starih okrog dvajset let,
10:39
committed suicide,
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je storilo samomor,
10:41
just one by one like causing a contagious disease.
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eden za drugim, kot bi šlo za nalezljivo bolezen.
10:45
But they died because of all different personal reasons.
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A razlogi njihovih smrti so bili osebne narave.
10:49
But this whole incident
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Kljub temu je ta incident
10:51
aroused a huge outcry from society
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sprožil veliko zgražanje družbe
10:53
about the isolation,
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nad osamitvijo,
10:55
both physical and mental,
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telesno in duševno,
10:57
of these migrant workers.
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teh priseljenskih delavcev.
10:59
For those who do return back to the countryside,
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Tiste, ki se vrnejo na deželo,
11:01
they find themselves very welcome locally,
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doma sprejmejo odprtih rok,
11:04
because with the knowledge, skills and networks
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saj zaradi znanja, veščin in poznanstev,
11:06
they have learned in the cities,
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ki so jih pridobili v mestih,
11:08
with the assistance of the Internet,
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in s pomočjo interneta
11:10
they're able to create more jobs,
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lahko vplivajo na ustvarjanje delovnih mest,
11:13
upgrade local agriculture and create new business
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razvoj lokalnega kmetijstva in novih poslovnih priložnosti
11:15
in the less developed market.
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na manj razvitem trgu.
11:17
So for the past few years, the coastal areas,
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V zadnjih nekaj letih je zato obalna območja
11:20
they found themselves in a shortage of labor.
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zajelo pomanjkanje delovne sile.
11:23
These diagrams show
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Ti diagrami prikazujejo
11:25
a more general social background.
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splošnejše družbeno ozadje.
11:27
The first one is the Engels coefficient,
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Prvi predstavlja izračun Englovega koeficienta,
11:30
which explains that the cost of daily necessities
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po katerem so stroški dnevnih potrebščin
11:33
has dropped its percentage
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kot delež družinskih prihodkov
11:35
all through the past decade,
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celo prejšnje desetletje,
11:37
in terms of family income,
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odstotkovno padali
11:39
to about 37-some percent.
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na okrog 37 odstotkov.
11:42
But then in the last two years,
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Zadnji dve leti
11:44
it goes up again to 39 percent,
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pa se je delež povzpel na 39 odstotkov,
11:46
indicating a rising living cost.
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kar kaže na rast življenjskih stroškov.
11:49
The Gini coefficient
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Ginijev koeficient dohodkovne neenakosti
11:51
has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4.
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je že presegel nevarno mejo 0,4.
11:54
Now it's 0.5 --
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Danes znaša 0,5,
11:56
even worse than that in America --
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celo več kot v ZDA,
11:59
showing us the income inequality.
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kar prikazuje večjo neenakost v prihodkih.
12:02
And so you see this whole society
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V celotni družbi se torej
12:04
getting frustrated
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vzbuja jeza in skrb
12:06
about losing some of its mobility.
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za lastno mobilnost.
12:09
And also, the bitterness and even resentment
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Poleg tega se tudi odpor in zamera
12:12
towards the rich and the powerful
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do bogatih in vplivnih
12:14
is quite widespread.
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hitro širita.
12:16
So any accusations of corruption
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Vse obtožbe o podkupljivosti
12:18
or backdoor dealings between authorities or business
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ali nezakonitih poslih med oblastmi ali poslovneži
12:22
would arouse a social outcry
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bi torej sprožile javno nasprotovanje
12:24
or even unrest.
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ali celo nemire.
12:26
So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging,
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Preko nekaterih najbolj komentiranih tem na mikroblogih
12:30
we can see what young people care most about.
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lahko torej vidimo, kaj najbolj skrbi mlade ljudi.
12:33
Social justice and government accountability
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Pravična družba in vladna odgovornost
12:35
runs the first in what they demand.
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sta med njihovimi prvimi zahtevami.
12:38
For the past decade or so,
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V zadnjem desetletju
12:40
a massive urbanization and development
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sta masovna urbanizacija in razvoj
12:44
have let us witness a lot of reports
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pripeljala do številnih poročil
12:47
on the forced demolition
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o prisilnem rušenju
12:49
of private property.
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zasebne lastnine.
12:51
And it has aroused huge anger and frustration
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To je spodbudilo izjemno jezo in zaskrbljenost
12:54
among our young generation.
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med mlado generacijo.
12:56
Sometimes people get killed,
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Nekateri ljudje so žrtve uboja,
12:58
and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.
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nekateri se zažgejo v znak protesta.
13:02
So when these incidents are reported
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Ko pa o teh incidentih na spletu
13:04
more and more frequently on the Internet,
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poročajo vse bolj pogosto,
13:06
people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.
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se ljudje prebudijo in od vlade zahtevajo ukrepe, ki bi to preprečili.
13:09
So the good news is that earlier this year,
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Dobra novica je, da je v začetku letošnjega leta
13:12
the state council passed a new regulation
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državni svet sprejel nov predpis
13:15
on house requisition and demolition
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o zasedbi in uničenju hiš
13:18
and passed the right
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in s tem pravico odločanja
13:20
to order forced demolition from local governments
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o prisilnem rušenju prenesel
13:22
to the court.
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z lokalnih vlad na sodišče.
13:25
Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety
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Podobno je še veliko drugih tem o javni varnosti
13:28
is a hot topic on the Internet.
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na spletu množično komentiranih.
13:31
We heard about polluted air,
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Govora je bilo o onesnaženem zraku,
13:33
polluted water, poisoned food.
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onesnaženi vodi, zastrupljeni hrani.
13:36
And guess what, we have faked beef.
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Imamo celo ponarejeno govedino.
13:39
They have sorts of ingredients
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Posebne sestavine premaza
13:41
that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish,
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po kosu piščanca ali ribe
13:44
and it turns it to look like beef.
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ustvarijo videz govedine.
13:47
And then lately,
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Zadnje čase so ljudje zaskrbljeni
13:49
people are very concerned about cooking oil,
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zaradi jedilnega olja,
13:51
because thousands of people have been found
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saj so odkrili tisoče ljudi,
13:54
[refining] cooking oil
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ki so ga prečiščevali
13:56
from restaurant slop.
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iz ostankov v restavracijah.
13:58
So all these things
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Vsi ti dogodki
14:00
have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet.
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so sprožili veliko nasprotovanje uporabnikov spleta.
14:04
And fortunately,
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Na srečo
14:06
we have seen the government
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se je vlada na vprašanja javnosti
14:08
responding more timely and also more frequently
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začela odzivati vse hitreje
14:11
to the public concerns.
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in pogosteje.
14:13
While young people seem to be very sure
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Čeprav so mladi precej aktivni in jasni
14:15
about their participation
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v sodelovanju
14:17
in public policy-making,
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pri javnem oblikovanju politike,
14:19
but sometimes they're a little bit lost
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pa so včasih nekoliko izgubljeni
14:21
in terms of what they want for their personal life.
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glede želja v osebnem življenju.
14:24
China is soon to pass the U.S.
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Kitajska bo kmalu prehitela ZDA
14:26
as the number one market
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kot največji trg
14:28
for luxury brands --
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za luksuzne znamke,
14:30
that's not including the Chinese expenditures
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kar pa ne vključuje potrošnje Kitajcev
14:32
in Europe and elsewhere.
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v Evropi in drugod.
14:34
But you know what, half of those consumers
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A vendar polovica teh kupcev
14:37
are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S. dollars.
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na mesec zasluži manj kot dva tisoč dolarjev.
14:40
They're not rich at all.
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Ne gre torej za bogate ljudi.
14:42
They're taking those bags and clothes
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Te torbice in obleke so zanje
14:45
as a sense of identity and social status.
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izraz identitete in družbenega statusa.
14:48
And this is a girl explicitly saying
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To dekle je v neki televizijski
14:50
on a TV dating show
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oddaji za zmenke jasno povedalo,
14:52
that she would rather cry in a BMW
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da bi raje jokala v BMW-ju,
14:54
than smile on a bicycle.
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kot se smejala na kolesu.
14:57
But of course, we do have young people
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Seveda pa imamo tudi mlade,
14:59
who would still prefer to smile,
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ki se še vedno raje smejijo,
15:01
whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.
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v BMW-ju ali na kolesu.
15:03
So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon
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Na sledeči sliki vidite zelo priljubljen pojav,
15:07
called "naked" wedding, or "naked" marriage.
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imenovan "gola poroka", oz. "goli zakon".
15:10
It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding,
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To ne pomeni, da na poroki ne nosijo ničesar,
15:13
but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married
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pač pa, da so se ti mladi pari pripravljeni poročiti
15:16
without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring
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tudi brez hiše, avta, diamantnega prstana
15:19
and without a wedding banquet,
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in brez poročne pogostitve,
15:21
to show their commitment to true love.
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in s tem izrazijo predanost pravi ljubezni.
15:24
And also, people are doing good through social media.
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Poleg tega ljudje preko družabnih omrežij tudi koristijo družbi.
15:27
And the first picture showed us
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Prva slika prikazuje,
15:29
that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs
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kako so tovornjak s 500 brezdomnimi psi, ugrabljenimi
15:33
for food processing
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za prehrambene namene
15:35
was spotted and stopped on the highway
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odkrili in ustavili na avtocesti,
15:38
with the whole country watching
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cela država pa je to spremljala
15:40
through microblogging.
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prek mikroblogov.
15:42
People were donating money, dog food
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Ljudje so darovali denar, hrano za pse
15:44
and offering volunteer work to stop that truck.
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in ponudili sodelovanje pri ustavitvi tovornjaka.
15:47
And after hours of negotiation,
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Po urah dogovarjanja
15:49
500 dogs were rescued.
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so rešili 500 psov.
15:52
And here also people are helping to find missing children.
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Ljudje tu tudi pomagajo iskati pogrešane otroke.
15:56
A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet.
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Neki oče je sinovo sliko objavil na splet.
15:59
After thousands of resends in relay,
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Po tisoče posredovanih sporočilih
16:02
the child was found,
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so dečka našli,
16:04
and we witnessed the reunion of the family
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ponovno združitev družine pa smo lahko spremljali
16:07
through microblogging.
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vsi preko mikroblogov.
16:09
So happiness is the most popular word
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Sreča je torej najbolj priljubljena beseda,
16:12
we have heard through the past two years.
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ki smo jo slišali v zadnjih dveh letih.
16:15
Happiness is not only related
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Sreča ni povezana le
16:18
to personal experiences and personal values,
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z osebnimi izkušnjami in vrednotami,
16:20
but also, it's about the environment.
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pač pa tudi z okoljem.
16:22
People are thinking about the following questions:
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Ljudje se sprašujejo naslednje:
16:25
Are we going to sacrifice our environment further
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Ali bomo še vedno žrtvovali naše okolje
16:28
to produce higher GDP?
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za dvig BDP-ja?
16:31
How are we going to perform our social and political reform
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Kako naj izvedemo družbene in politične reforme,
16:34
to keep pace with economic growth,
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da bomo sledili gospodarski rasti
16:37
to keep sustainability and stability?
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ter ohranili trajnost in stabilnost?
16:40
And also, how capable is the system
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Poleg tega pa tudi, ali sistem
16:43
of self-correctness
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premore dovolj samokritičnosti,
16:45
to keep more people content
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da ljudstvo ne bi skrbelo
16:48
with all sorts of friction going on at the same time?
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za več sočasnih trenj okoli njih?
16:51
I guess these are the questions people are going to answer.
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To so vprašanja, na katera bodo odgovorili ljudje.
16:54
And our younger generation
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Naša mlada generacija
16:56
are going to transform this country
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bo spremenila to državo
16:58
while at the same time being transformed themselves.
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in se hkrati spreminjala sama.
17:02
Thank you very much.
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Najlepša hvala.
17:04
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Yang Lan - Media mogul, TV hostYang Lan is often called “the Oprah of China.” The chair of a multiplatform business empire, Yang is pioneering more-open means of communication in the communist nation.
Why you should listen
Yang Lan’s rise to stardom in China has drawn comparisons to Oprah Winfrey’s success in the US. It’s easy to see why: Yang is a self-made entrepreneur and the most powerful woman in the Chinese media. As chair of Sun Media Investment Holdings, a business empire she built with her husband, Yang is a pioneer of open communication.
Yang started her journalism career by establishing the first current-events TV program in China. She created and hosted many other groundbreaking shows, starting with the chatfest Yang Lan One on One. The popular Her Village, which now includes an online magazine and website, brings together China’s largest community of professional women (more than 200 million people a month).
Yang, who served as an ambassador for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, wields her influence for philanthropic endeavors, too. She founded the Sun Culture Foundation in 2005 to raise awareness about poverty and to promote cross-cultural communication.
Yang Lan | Speaker | TED.com